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1. External validation of the PAGE-B score for HCC risk prediction in people living with HIV/HBV coinfection

Author

Bernard Surial, Adrià Ramírez Mena, Marie Roumet, Andreas Limacher, Colette Smit, Olivier Leleux, Amanda Mocroft, Marc van der Valk, Fabrice Bonnet, Lars Peters, Jürgen K. Rockstroh, Huldrych F. Günthard, Annalisa Berzigotti, Andri Rauch, Gilles Wandeler, I. Abela, K. Aebi-Popp, A. Anagnostopoulos, M. Battegay, E. Bernasconi, D.L. Braun, H.C. Bucher, A. Calmy, M. Cavassini, A. Ciuffi, G. Dollenmaier, M. Egger, L. Elzi, J. Fehr, J. Fellay, H. Furrer, C.A. Fux, H.F. Günthard, A. Hachfeld, D. Haerry, B. Hasse, H.H. Hirsch, M. Hoffmann, I. Hösli, M. Huber, D. Jackson-Perry, C.R. Kahlert, L. Kaiser, O. Keiser, T. Klimkait, R.D. Kouyos, H. Kovari, K. Kusejko, N. Labhardt, K. Leuzinger, Martinez de Tejada B, C. Marzolini, K.J. Metzner, N. Müller, J. Nemeth, D. Nicca, J. Notter, P. Paioni, G. Pantaleo, M. Perreau, A. Rauch, L. Salazar-Vizcaya, P. Schmid, R. Speck, M. Stöckle, P. Tarr, A. Trkola, G. Wandeler, M. Weisser, S. Yerly, M. van der Valk, S.E. Geerlings, A. Goorhuis, V.C. Harris, J.W. Hovius, B. Lempkes, F.J.B. Nellen, T. van der Poll, J.M. Prins, V. Spoorenberg, M. van Vugt, W.J. Wiersinga, F.W.M.N. Wit, C. Bruins, J. van Eden, I.J. Hylkema-van den Bout, A.M.H. van Hes, F.J.J. Pijnappel, S.Y. Smalhout, A.M. Weijsenfeld, N.K.T. Back, B. Berkhout, M.T.E. Cornelissen, R. van Houdt, M. Jonges, S. Jurriaans, C.J. Schinkel, K.C. Wolthers, H.L. Zaaijer, E.J.G. Peters, M.A. van Agtmael, R.S. Autar, M. Bomers, K.C.E. Sigaloff, M. Heitmuller, L.M. Laan, M. van den Berge, A. Stegeman, S. Baas, L. Hage de Looff, A. van Arkel, J. Stohr, B. Wintermans, M.J.H. Pronk, H.S.M. Ammerlaan, E.S. de Munnik, B. Deiman, A.R. Jansz, V. Scharnhorst, J. Tjhie, M.C.A. Wegdam, A. van Eeden, E. Hoornenborg, J. Nellen, W. Alers, L.J.M. Elsenburg, H. Nobel, M.E.E. van Kasteren, M.A.H. Berrevoets, A.E. Brouwer, B.A.F.M. de Kruijf-van de Wiel, A. Adams, M. Pawels-van Rijkevoorsel, A.G.M. Buiting, J.L. Murck, C. Rokx, A.A. Anas, H.I. Bax, E.C.M. van Gorp, M. de Mendonça Melo, E. van Nood, J.L. Nouwen, B.J.A. Rijnders, C.A.M. Schurink, L. Slobbe, T.E.M.S. de Vries-Sluijs, N. Bassant, J.E.A. van Beek, M. Vriesde, L.M. van Zonneveld, J. de Groot, J.J.A. van Kampen, M.P.G. Koopmans, J.C. Rahamat-Langendoen, J. Branger, R.A. Douma, A.S. Cents-Bosma, C.J.H.M. Duijf-van de Ven, E.F. Schippers, C. van Nieuwkoop, J. Geilings, S. van Winden, G. van der Hut, N.D. van Burgel, E.M.S. Leyten, L.B.S. Gelinck, F. Mollema, G.S. Wildenbeest, T. Nguyen, P.H.P. Groeneveld, J.W. Bouwhuis, A.J.J. Lammers, A.G.W. van Hulzen, S. Kraan, M.S.M. Kruiper, G.L. van der Bliek, P.C.J. Bor, S.B. Debast, G.H.J. Wagenvoort, A.H.E. Roukens, M.G.J. de Boer, H. Jolink, M.M.C. Lambregts, H. Scheper, W. Dorama, N. van Holten, E.C.J. Claas, E. Wessels, J.G. den Hollander, R. El Moussaoui, K. Pogany, C.J. Brouwer, D. Heida-Peters, E. Mulder, J.V. Smit, D. Struik-Kalkman, T. van Niekerk, O. Pontesilli, C. van Tienen, S.H. Lowe, A.M.L. Oude Lashof, D. Posthouwer, M.E. van Wolfswinkel, R.P. Ackens, K. Burgers, M. Elasri, J. Schippers, T.R.A. Havenith, M. van Loo, M.G.A. van Vonderen, L.M. Kampschreur, M.C. van Broekhuizen, null S, null Faber, A. Al Moujahid, G.J. Kootstra, C.E. Delsing, M. van der Burg-van de Plas, L. Scheiberlich, W. Kortmann, G. van Twillert, R. Renckens, J. Wagenaar, D. Ruiter-Pronk, F.A. van Truijen-Oud, J.W.T. Cohen Stuart, M. Hoogewerf, W. Rozemeijer, J.C. Sinnige, K. Brinkman, G.E.L. van den Berk, K.D. Lettinga, M. de Regt, W.E.M. Schouten, J.E. Stalenhoef, J. Veenstra, S.M.E. Vrouenraets, H. Blaauw, G.F. Geerders, M.J. Kleene, M. Knapen, M. Kok, I.B. van der Meché, A.J.M. Toonen, S. Wijnands, E. Wttewaal, D. Kwa, T.J.W. van de Laar, R. van Crevel, K. van Aerde, A.S.M. Dofferhoff, S.S.V. Henriet, H.J.M. ter Hofstede, J. Hoogerwerf, O. Richel, M. Albers, K.J.T. Grintjes-Huisman, M. de Haan, M. Marneef, M. McCall, D. Burger, E.H. Gisolf, M. Claassen, R.J. Hassing, G. ter Beest, P.H.M. van Bentum, M. Gelling, Y. Neijland, C.M.A. Swanink, M. Klein Velderman, S.F.L. van Lelyveld, R. Soetekouw, L.M.M. van der Prijt, J. van der Swaluw, J.S. Kalpoe, A. Wagemakers, A. Vahidnia, F.N. Lauw, D.W.M. Verhagen, M. van Wijk, W.F.W. Bierman, M. Bakker, R.A. van Bentum, M.A. van den Boomgaard, J. Kleinnijenhuis, E. Kloeze, A. Middel, D.F. Postma, H.M. Schenk, Y. Stienstra, M. Wouthuyzen-Bakker, A. Boonstra, H. de Jonge, M.M.M. Maerman, D.A. de Weerd, K.J. van Eije, M. Knoester, C.C. van Leer-Buter, H.G.M. Niesters, null T.Mudrikova, R.E. Barth, A.H.W. Bruns, P.M. Ellerbroek, M.P.M. Hensgens, J.J. Oosterheert, E.M. Schadd, A. Verbon, B.J. van Welzen, H. Berends, B.M.G. Griffioen-van Santen, I. de Kroon, F.M. Verduyn Lunel, A.M.J. Wensing, S. Zaheri, A.C. Boyd, D.O. Bezemer, A.I. van Sighem, C. Smit, M.M.J. Hillebregt, T.J. Woudstra, T. Rutkens, D. Bergsma, N.M. Brétin, K.J. Lelivelt, L. van de Sande, K.M. Visser.S.T. van der Vliet, F. Paling, L.G.M. de Groot-Berndsen, M. van den Akker, R. Alexander, Y. Bakker, A. El Berkaoui, M. Bezemer-Goedhart, E.A. Djoechro, M. Groters, L.E. Koster, C.R.E. Lodewijk, E.G.A. Lucas, L. Munjishvili, B.M. Peeck, C.M.J. Ree, R. Regtop, A.F. van Rijk, Y.M.C. Ruijs-Tiggelman, P.P. Schnörr, M.J.C. Schoorl, E.M. Tuijn, D.P. Veenenberg, E.C.M. Witte, I. Karpov, M. Losso, J. Lundgren, J. Rockstroh, I. Aho, L.D. Rasmussen, P. Novak, C. Pradier, N. Chkhartishvili, R. Matulionyte, C. Oprea, J.D. Kowalska, J. Begovac, J.M. Miró, G. Guaraldi, R. Paredes, L. Peters, J.F. Larsen, B. Neesgaard, N. Jaschinski, O. Fursa, D. Raben, D. Kristensen, A.H. Fischer, S.K. Jensen, T.W. Elsing, M. Gardizi, A. Mocroft, A. Phillips, J. Reekie, A. Cozzi-Lepri, A. Pelchen-Matthews, A. Roen, E.S. Tusch, W. Bannister, P. Bellecave, P. Blanco, F. Bonnet, S. Bouchet, D. Breilh, C. Cazanave, S. Desjardin, V. Gaborieau, A. Gimbert, M. Hessamfar, L. Lacaze-Buzy, D. Lacoste, M.E. Lafon, E. Lazaro, O. Leleux, F. Le Marec, G. Le Moal, D. Malvy, L. Marchand, P. Mercié, D. Neau, I. Pellegrin, A. Perrier, V. Petrov-Sanchez, M.O. Vareil, L. Wittkop, N. Bernard, D. Bronnimann H. Chaussade, D. Dondia, P. Duffau, I. Faure, P. Morlat, E. Mériglier, F. Paccalin, E. Riebero, C. Rivoisy, M.A. Vandenhende, L. Barthod, F.A. Dauchy, A. Desclaux, M. Ducours, H. Dutronc, A. Duvignaud, J. Leitao, M. Lescure, D. Nguyen, T. Pistone, M. Puges, G. Wirth, C. Courtault, F. Camou, C. Greib, J.L. Pellegrin, E. Rivière, J.F. Viallard, Y. Imbert, M. Thierry-Mieg, P. Rispal, O. Caubet, H. Ferrand, S. Tchamgoué, S. Farbos, H. Wille, K. Andre, L. Caunegre, Y. Gerard, F. Osorio-Perez, I. Chossat, G. Iles, M. Labasse-Depis, F. Lacassin, A. Barret, B. Castan, J. Koffi, N. Rouanes, A. Saunier, J.B. Zabbe, G. Dumondin, G. Beraud, M. Catroux, M. Garcia, V. Giraud, J.P. Martellosio, F. Roblot, T. Pasdeloup, A. Riché, M. Grosset, S. Males, C. Ngo Bell, C. Carpentier, Virology P. Bellecave, C. Tumiotto, G. Miremeont-Salamé, D. Arma, G. Arnou, M.J. Blaizeau, P. Camps, M. Decoin, S. Delveaux, F. Diarra, L. Gabrea, S. Lawson-Ayayi, E. Lenaud, D. Plainchamps, A. Pougetoux, B. Uwamaliya, K. Zara, V. Conte, M. Gapillout, Internal medicine, VU University medical center, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, AII - Infectious diseases, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, AII - Inflammatory diseases, AMS - Rehabilitation & Development, APH - Quality of Care, Pulmonary medicine, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, Ethics, Law & Medical humanities, APH - Methodology, Midwifery Science, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Infectious diseases, APH - Digital Health, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Global Health, Global Health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, General Internal Medicine, AII - Cancer immunology, Landsteiner Laboratory, Cardiology, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Global Health in the Global South (GHiGS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)- Bordeaux population health (BPH), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Hepatitis B virus, model validation, Hepatology, liver neoplasms, risk prediction models, liver cirrhosis, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], risk assessment, 610 Medicine & health, hepatocellular carcinoma, HIV infection, tenofovir, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Abstract

Background & Aims: HBV coinfection is common among people living with HIV (PLWH) and is the most important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While risk prediction tools for HCC have been validated in patients with HBV monoinfection, they have not been evaluated in PLWH. Thus, we performed an external validation of PAGE-B in people with HIV/HBV coinfection.Methods: We included data on PLWH from four European cohorts who were positive for HBsAg and did not have HCC before starting tenofovir. We estimated the predictive performance of PAGE-B for HCC occurrence over 15 years in patients receiving tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy. Model discrimination was assessed after multiple imputation using Cox regression with the prognostic index as a covariate, and by calculating Harrell's c-index. Calibration was assessed by comparing our cumulative incidence with the PAGE-B derivation study using Kaplan-Meier curves.Results: In total, 2,963 individuals with HIV/HBV coinfection on tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy were included. PAGE-B was Conclusions: For individuals with HIV/HBV coinfection, PAGE-B is a valid tool to determine the need for HCC screening. Impact and implications: Chronic HBV infection is the most important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among people living with HIV. Valid risk prediction may enable better targeting of HCC screening efforts to high-risk individuals. We aimed to validate PAGE-B, a risk prediction tool that is based on age, sex, and platelets, in 2,963 individuals with HIV/HBV coinfection who received tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy. In the present study, PAGE-B showed good discrimination, adequate calibration, and a cut-off of

Published
2023
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2. HCV micro-elimination in individuals with HIV in the Netherlands 4 years after universal access to direct-acting antivirals

Author

Colette Smit, Anders Boyd, Bart J A Rijnders, Thijs J W van de Laar, Eliane M Leyten, Wouter F Bierman, Kees Brinkman, Mark A A Claassen, Jan den Hollander, Anne Boerekamps, Astrid M Newsum, Janke Schinkel, Maria Prins, Joop E Arends, Eline L M Op de Coul, Marc van der Valk, Peter Reiss, M. van der Valk, S.E. Geerlings, A. Goorhuis, J.W. Hovius, B. Lempkes, F.J.B. Nellen, T. van der Poll, J.M. Prins, M. van Vugt, W.J. Wiersinga, F.W.M.N. Wit, M. van Duinen, J. van Eden, A. Hazenberg, A.M.H. van Hes, F.J.J. Pijnappel, S.Y. Smalhout, A.M. Weijsenfeld, S. Jurriaans, N.K.T. Back, H.L. Zaaijer, B. Berkhout, M.T.E. Cornelissen, C.J. Schinkel, K.C. Wolthers, E.J.G. Peters, M.A. van Agtmael, R.S. Autar, M. Bomers, K.C.E. Sigaloff, M. Heitmuller, L.M. Laan, C.W. Ang, R. van Houdt, M. Jonges, M. van den Berge, A. Stegeman, S. Baas, L. Hage de Looff, A. Buiting, A. Reuwer, J. Veenemans, B. Wintermans, M.J.H. Pronk, H.S.M. Ammerlaan, D.N.J. van den Bersselaar, E.S. de Munnik, B. Deiman, A.R. Jansz, V. Scharnhorst, J. Tjhie, M.C.A. Wegdam, A. van Eeden, J. Nellen, W. Brokking, L.J.M. Elsenburg, H. Nobel, M.E.E. van Kasteren, M.A.H. Berrevoets, A.E. Brouwer, A. Adams, R. van Erve, B.A.F.M. de Kruijf-van de Wiel, S. Keelan-Phaf, B. van de Ven, A.G.M. Buiting, J.L. Murck, T.E.M.S. de Vries-Sluijs, H.I. Bax, E.C.M. van Gorp, N.C. de Jong-Peltenburg, M. de Mendonça Melo, E. van Nood, J.L. Nouwen, B.J.A. Rijnders, C. Rokx, C.A.M. Schurink, L. Slobbe, A. Verbon, N. Bassant, J.E.A. van Beek, M. Vriesde, L.M. van Zonneveld, J. de Groot, C.A.B. Boucher, M.P.G. Koopmans, J.J.A. van Kampen, J. Branger, R.A. Douma, A.S. Cents-Bosma, C.J.H.M. Duijf-van de Ven, E.F. Schippers, C. van Nieuwkoop, J.M. van IJperen, J. Geilings, N.D. van Burgel, E.M.S. Leyten, G. van der Hut, L.B.S. Gelinck, F. Mollema, S. Davids-Veldhuis, C. Tearno, G.S. Wildenbeest, E. Heikens, P.H.P. Groeneveld, J.W. Bouwhuis, A.J.J. Lammers, S. Kraan, A.G.W. van Hulzen, M.S.M. Kruiper, G.L. van der Bliek, P.C.J. Bor, S.B. Debast, G.H.J. Wagenvoort, F.P. Kroon, M.G.J. de Boer, H. Jolink, M.M.C. Lambregts, A.H.E. Roukens, H. Scheper, W. Dorama, N. van Holten, E.C.J. Claas, E. Wessels, J.G. den Hollander, C.J. Brouwer, J.V. Smit, D. Struik-Kalkman, T. van Niekerk, R. El Moussaoui, K. Pogany, O. Pontesilli, S.H. Lowe, A.M.L. Oude Lashof, D. Posthouwer, M.E. van Wolfswinkel, R.P. Ackens, K. Burgers, J. Schippers, B. Weijenberg-Maes, I.H.M. van Loo, T.R.A. Havenith, M.G.A. van Vonderen, L.M. Kampschreur, S. Faber, R. Steeman-Bouma, A. Al Moujahid, G.J. Kootstra, C.E. Delsing, M. van der Burg-van de Plas, L. Scheiberlich, W. Kortmann, G. van Twillert, R. Renckens, D. Ruiter-Pronk, F.A. van Truijen-Oud, J.W.T. Cohen Stuart, E.R. Jansen, M. Hoogewerf, W. Rozemeijer, W.A. van der Reijden, J.C. Sinnige, K. Brinkman, G.E.L. van den Berk, W.L. Blok, K.D. Lettinga, M. de Regt, W.E.M. Schouten, J.E. Stalenhoef, J. Veenstra, S.M.E. Vrouenraets, H. Blaauw, G.F. Geerders, M.J. Kleene, M. Kok, M. Knapen, I.B. van der Meché, E. Mulder-Seeleman, A.J.M. Toonen, S. Wijnands, E. Wttewaal, D. Kwa, R. van Crevel, A.S.M. Dofferhoff, H.J.M. ter Hofstede, J. Hoogerwerf, M. Keuter, O. Richel, M. Albers, K.J.T. Grintjes-Huisman, M. de Haan, M. Marneef, R. Strik-Albers, J. Rahamat-Langendoen, F.F. Stelma, D. Burger, E.H. Gisolf, R.J. Hassing, M. Claassen, G. ter Beest, P.H.M. van Bentum, N. Langebeek, R. Tiemessen, C.M.A. Swanink, S.F.L. van Lelyveld, R. Soetekouw, L.M.M. van der Prijt, J. van der Swaluw, N. Bermon, R. Jansen, B.L. Herpers, D. Veenendaal, D.W.M. Verhagen, F.N. Lauw, M.C. van Broekhuizen, M. van Wijk, W.F.W. Bierman, M. Bakker, J. Kleinnijenhuis, E. Kloeze, A. Middel, D.F. Postma, Y. Stienstra, M. Wouthuyzen-Bakker, A. Boonstra, H. de Groot-de Jonge, P.A. van der Meulen, D.A. de Weerd, H.G.M. Niesters, C.C. van Leer-Buter, M. Knoester, A.I.M. Hoepelman, J.E. Arends, R.E. Barth, A.H.W. Bruns, P.M. Ellerbroek, T. Mudrikova, J.J. Oosterheert, E.M. Schadd, B.J. van Welzen, K. Aarsman, B.M.G. Griffioen-van Santen, I. de Kroon, M. van Berkel, C.S.A.M. van Rooijen, R. Schuurman, F. Verduyn-Lunel, A.M.J. Wensing, P. Reiss, S. Zaheri, A.C. Boyd, D.O. Bezemer, A.I. van Sighem, C. Smit, M. Hillebregt, A. de Jong, T. Woudstra, D. Bergsma, R. Meijering, L. van de Sande, T. Rutkens, S. van der Vliet, L. de Groot, M. van den Akker, Y. Bakker, A. El Berkaoui, M. Bezemer, N. Brétin, E. Djoechro, M. Groters, E. Kruijne, K.J. Lelivelt, C. Lodewijk, E. Lucas, L. Munjishvili, F. Paling, B. Peeck, C. Ree, R. Regtop, Y. Ruijs, M. Schoorl, P. Schnörr, A. Scheigrond, E. Tuijn, L. Veenenberg, K.M. Visser, E.C. Witte, Infectious diseases, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, AII - Infectious diseases, APH - Global Health, Global Health, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Quality of Care, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Landsteiner Laboratory, AII - Inflammatory diseases, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Methodology, APH - Digital Health, APH - Personalized Medicine, Internal medicine, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, General practice, Internal Medicine, and Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Epidemiology, Immunology, HIV Infections, Hepacivirus, Antiviral Agents, Men who have sex with men, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Virology, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Homosexuality, Male, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Netherlands, Retrospective Studies, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Coinfection, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Retrospective cohort study, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030112 virology, Chronic infection, Infectious Diseases, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Cohort, HIV-1, Female, business, Demography
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 232443.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) BACKGROUND: In the Netherlands, access to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been unrestricted for chronic infection since 2015. We evaluated whether the nationwide incidence of HCV infections in individuals with HIV has changed since 2015. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, data from the ATHENA cohort of people with HIV aged 18 years or older attending any of the 24 HIV treatment centres in the Netherlands between 2000 and 2019 were assessed. We used parametric proportional hazards models with a piecewise exponential survival function to model HCV primary infection and reinfection incidence per 1000 person-years. FINDINGS: Of the 23 590 individuals without previous HCV infection, 1269 cases of HCV primary infection were documented (incidence 5·2 per 1000 person-years [95% CI 5·0-5·5]). The highest incidence was observed in men who have sex with men (MSM; 7·7 per 1000 person-years [7·3-8·2]) and was lower in people who inject drugs (PWID; 1·7 per 1000 person-years [0·7-4·1]) and other key populations (1·0 per 1000 person-years [0·8-1·2]). In MSM, incidence increased in 2007 to 14·3 per 1000 person-years and fluctuated between 8·7 and 13·0 per 1000 person-years from 2008 to 2015. In 2016, incidence declined to 6·1 cases per 1000 person-years and remained steady between 4·1 and 4·9 per 1000 person-years from 2017 to 2019. Of the 1866 individuals with a previous HCV infection, 274 reinfections were documented (incidence 26·9 per 1000 person-years [95% CI 23·9-30·3]). The highest incidence rate was observed in MSM (38·5 per 1000 person-years [33·9-43·7]) and was lower in PWID (10·9 per 1000 person-years [3·5-33·8]) and other key populations (8·9 per 1000 person-years [6·3-12·5]). In MSM, reinfection incidence fluctuated between 38·0 and 88·9 per 1000 person-years from 2006 to 2015, reaching 55·6 per 1000 person-years in 2015. In 2016, reinfection incidence declined to 41·4 per 1000 person-years, followed by further decreases to 24·4 per 1000 person-years in 2017 and 11·4 per 1000 person-years in 2019. INTERPRETATION: The sharp decline in HCV incidence in MSM with HIV shortly after restrictions on DAAs were lifted suggests a treatment-as-prevention effect. HCV incidence was already low in PWID and other groups before unrestricted access. Ongoing HCV transmission is occurring in MSM, as illustrated by a declining but high rate of reinfection, stressing the need for additional preventive measures. FUNDING: Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport.

Published
2021
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3. Bilateral pleural effusion and a subsegmental infiltrate due to Chlamydia pneumoniae in a mechanically ventilated patient

Author

H.L Zaaijer, R.J.M. Strack van Schijndel, J.A Pneumatikos, A. W. F. T. Toorians, and Other departments

Subjects
Artificial ventilation, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Pleural effusion, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Pleural disease, Intensive care, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Internal Medicine, Humans, Medicine, Chlamydophila Infections, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chlamydia, business.industry, Respiratory disease, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Respiration, Artificial, respiratory tract diseases, Pleural Effusion, Effusion, Female, business
Abstract

A case of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection with bilateral pleural effusion and a subsegmental pulmonary infiltrate in an intubated and mechanically ventilated critically ill patient is described. Diagnosis was made by polymerase chain reaction on both pleural effusions.

Published
2001
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5. Occult hepatitis B virus infection before and 1 year after start of HAART in HIV type 1-positive patients

Author

Jan M. Prins, K. Pogány, J. M. A. Lange, M.G.H.M. Beld, H.L. Zaaijer, F.W. Wit, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Infectious diseases, and Global Health

Subjects
Adult, Male, HBsAg, Hepatitis B virus, Genotype, Immunology, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Virology, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, medicine, Humans, Hepatitis B e Antigens, Hepatitis B Antibodies, Sida, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, biology, business.industry, Lamivudine, virus diseases, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Hepatitis B, digestive system diseases, Infectious Diseases, Amino Acid Substitution, DNA, Viral, Mutation, biology.protein, Female, Viral disease, Antibody, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is diagnosed when HBc antibodies and HBV-DNA are detectable in serum while hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is not. The clinical relevance of this phenomenon in HIV-1 patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is unknown. We followed 93 therapy naive HIV-1-infected adults who were anti-HBc positive, HBsAg and HBeAg negative, during first year of HAART. At baseline, HBV-DNA was quantified, and HBV genotype was determined in the HBV-DNA-positive patients by sequencing a part of the HBV genome. Four of 93 patients (4%) were HBV DNA positive at baseline. All four patients tested negative for HBV-DNA after 1 year. They all received lamivudine as part of their HAART. They had no clinically significant liver enzyme elevations (LEE) during the first year of HAART. Two of the patients had a genotype A, one genotype E, and in the fourth patient sequencing was not possible. In one patient we found significant mutations in the a determinant region of HBsAg, at positions 142 and 144. In our population of therapy-naive HIV-1-infected adults who were anti-HBc positive, we found occult HBV infection in 4% of the patients. We did not find an increased risk for LEE in our population of patients after the start of HAART. Our results illustrate that occult HBV infection is more a diagnostic than a clinical problem. It may be caused by very low levels of HBV replication, concurrent presence of HBsAg and anti-HBs, or mutations in the HBsAg a determinant.

Published
2006

6. Chronic hepatitis E in a child after kidney transplantation

Author

H.L. Zaaijer, Antonia H. M. Bouts, and P.J. Schriemer

Subjects
Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal medicine, Immunology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Chronic hepatitis E, medicine.disease, business, Gastroenterology, Kidney transplantation
Published
2014
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7. Hepatitis E in The Netherlands: imported and endemic

Author

P.N. Lelie, H.J.H. Van Der Pal, M. Kok, H.L. Zaaijer, R.J. Timmerman, K. Chau, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, and Paediatric Oncology

Subjects
Adult, Male, Bangladesh, Travel, General Medicine, Biology, Hepatitis E, medicine.disease, Virology, Seroepidemiologic Studies, medicine, Hepatitis E virus, Humans, Female, Hepatitis Antibodies, Netherlands
Published
1993
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8. Seroprevalence of hepatitis E in The Netherlands

Author

H.L. Zaaijer, P.N. Lelie, and M.F. Yin

Subjects
Adult, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Hepatitis E, medicine.disease, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Immunoglobulin G, Environmental health, Hepatitis E virus, Prevalence, Medicine, Seroprevalence, Humans, Hepatitis Antibodies, business, Netherlands
Abstract

At serological testing of 269 blood samples from patients sent in for hepatitis diagnostics and of 275 randomly selected samples from blood donors from all over the Netherlands, eight and five samples, respectively, were found to contain a positive antibody titre against hepatitis E virus (HEV). Follow-up samples could be obtained from three patients: in one patient the anti-HEV IgG titre remained unchanged over a period of 6 months, in one other the titre fell below the limit of detection and in the third, the titre increased in a period of 2 weeks. This patient had developed jaundice after a stay in Bangladesh. It is possible that in some patients, hepatitis E is mistaken for hepatitis A.

Published
1992

10. P1884 Early prediction of response during high-dose interferon induction therapy in difficult-to-treat chronic hepatitis C patients

Author

H.L. Zaaijer, M.G.H.M. Beld, Marcel G. W. Dijkgraaf, C.J. Weegink, H.C. Gelderblom, P.L.M. Jansen, and H.W. Reesink

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General Medicine, Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Chronic hepatitis, Interferon, Internal medicine, Induction therapy, Early prediction, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), business, medicine.drug
Published
2007
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11. P1885 Similar early viral kinetics of hepatitis C virus genotypes 1 and 4

Author

H.W. Reesink, M.G.H.M. Beld, H.L. Zaaijer, P.L.M. Jansen, C.J. Weegink, and H.C. Gelderblom

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase, Hepatitis C virus, Genotype, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), General Medicine, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Viral kinetics, Virology, Hepatitis B virus PRE beta
Published
2007
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