Search

ABSTRACT Plasmodium species are responsible for the transmission of malaria, which is still one of the most dangerous diseases to humans in the world. This study aimed to evaluate the suppressive effect of SB on parasitemia in mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi infection. A total of 30 disease-free mice were randomly assigned to six groups. The first control non-infected group received only distilled water daily for 7 days by oral route. After being infected with 106 of P. chabaudi in the other five groups, the mice were gavaged with 0.2mL/mice of a solution containing either 25%, 50%, or 100% of SB, respectively. The fifth group orally received 10mg/ kg chloroquine phosphate (CQ). The sixth set of mice served as the infected group. Following the administration of treatments during a suppression test that lasted for five days, a daily examination of blood smears stained with Giemsa was performed. Sheep bile was able to decrease parasitemia nearly to the used reference drug, chloroquine. In addition, bile significantly decreased the diarrhea rate of infection in mice, the survival rate of mice, the parasitemia percentage, and the suppression ratio. The parasite's caused histological change was enhanced by the SB. After treatment, there was also a rise in the amounts of the liver enzymes alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Findings indicate that bile has antimalarial activity and can control parasitemia percentage and parasite suppression. We need further investigations to determine the mechanisms of action of the bile in vivo.

ABSTRACT The use of biosynthesized nanoparticles is one of the broad research areas where silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have anti-parasitic disease properties. The biological synthesis of silver (AgNPs) nanoparticles using methanolic extracts of the Indigofera oblongifolia leaf was evaluated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, total of phenolics, and flavonoids, and MTT assay were used. In addition, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and TEM analysis. produced was stable and simple-to-synthesize AgNPs by UV light radiation. Classes of compounds expected to be biologically active were identified in the extract. Also, Quantitative results showed phenolics and flavonoids at 219 ± 1.079, and 19 ± 0.150 (mg TAE/g DW), respectively. Moreover, IC50 was obtained at 151.569 ± 8.5 ng/mL for Hep-G2 cell lines. Examination of IOLEAgNPs using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the nanoparticles were spherical with a smooth surface, which indicates that the prepared nanostructure content is highly pure with good morphology. Silver nanoparticles synthesized using leaf extract (AgNPs-leaf) were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Its activities have been tested as anti-malaria. OILEAgNPs were able to reduce parasitemia.

ABSTRACT The effectiveness of many plants has been reported as anthelmintic and anticoccidial because they possess active compounds. Excessive use of drugs has led to the emergence of drug-resistant Eimeria species. This study was designed to evaluate anticoccidial and anthelmintic activity of Achillea fragrantissima flower extract (AFFE) and leaves extract (AFLE). Infrared spectroscopy showed nine phytochemical compounds. Chemical examination revealed AF rich in phenols, flavonoids, and tannins. Flower extract showed the highest percentage inhibition of DPPH radical at 500 µg/mL (82.2%) compared to leaves extract (74.5%). AFFE and AFLE (100 mg/ml) caused paralysis and earthworm death by 13.67±1.96 and 15.25±2.48 min and 4.19±0.05 and 4.70±0.28 min, respectively, compared to mebendazole. In histological study, a clear defect was found in surface architecture of treated groups of worms with extract. At 96 h, significant inhibition (100%) of process sporulation for E. papillata oocyst was observed when exposed to AFFE (300 and 200 mg/mL), while AFLE was 98.4 and 96%, respectively. Additionally, amprolium, DettolTM, phenol, and formalin 5% showed different levels of inhibition. Results revealed anticoccidial and anthelmintic activities of AFFE and AFLE, which encourages conducting many in vivo studies to find an effective and cheap treatment.