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Copyright of Mutefekkir, Faculty of Islamic Sciences is the property of Aksaray University, Faculty of Islamic Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Estimating the long-run variance (LRV) is crucial for several econometric issues. Constructing reliable heteroskedasticity autocorrelation consistent (HAC) variance-covariance matrices and implementing efficient generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation procedures require a consistent LRV estimate. A good VARHAC estimator (HAC matrix with the spectral density at frequency zero constructed using a VAR spectral estimation) requires accurately estimating the sum of autoregressive (AR) coefficients; however, a criterion that minimizes the innovation variance does not necessarily yield the best spectral estimate. This article implements an optimal VARHAC estimator using an alternative information criterion, considering the bias in the sum of the parameters for the AR estimator of the spectral density at frequency zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined electrokinetic remediation employing reducing agents represents an extensively utilized approach for the remediation of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))-contaminated soil. In this investigation, electrokinetic remediation of artificially contaminated kaolin was conducted utilizing a separate circulation system for the anolyte, with a 0.5M solution of acetic acid (HAc) as the electrolyte and foamed iron serving as the anode. The experimental outcomes demonstrated that employing HAc as the electrolyte enhances the electromigration of Cr(VI) and establishes an acidic milieu conducive to the reduction of Cr(VI) by foamed iron, thereby facilitating the rapid reduction of Cr(VI) accumulated in the anolyte through electrokinetic remediation. In the self-prepared contaminated kaolin, the initial concentration of Cr(VI) was 820.26 mg/L. Following the remediation process under optimal experimental conditions, the concentration was significantly reduced to 11.6 mg/L, achieving a removal efficiency of Cr(VI) in the soil of 98.59%. In the optimal experimental setup, the Cr(VI) concentration in the anolyte was reduced to 0.05 mg/L, which is below the EPA's Safe Drinking Water Act standard for Cr(VI) content of 0.1 mg/L. The removal mechanism of Cr(VI) from the electrolyte primarily involves reduction, precipitation, and co-precipitation, with the foamed iron playing a predominant role. HAc and foamed iron exhibit a synergistic effect. The findings of this study substantiate that the integration of foamed iron with HAc is efficacious for the electrokinetic remediation of soil contaminated with Cr(VI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the Hejaz was annexed to the Ottoman territory in 1517, pilgrimage journeys gained great importance. This situation has led to the formation of pilgrimage literature consisting of menasik, menazil, and literary works related to the hajj. Many works of pilgrimage literature have been written in Turkish, particularly after the 16th century. One of these works is Menâsiku'l-Hacc by Beyzâde Mustafa from Akhaltsikhe, which is the subject of this study. The purpose of writing Beyzâde Mustafa's Menâsiku'l-Hacc is to prepare a guidebook for pilgrim candidates. In his work, as in other menasik books, the author mentions the basic terms of pilgrimage, the obligatory acts of worship, what can and cannot be done during worship, and the prayers that should be recited at every stage of umrah and hajj. Within the scope of this study, Beyzâde Mustafa's Menâsiku'l-Hacc work was examined, and the information in the work was included in its order in the work. In addition, the sections where Arabic prayers are recited are included, and the sources used by the author are explained. A striking feature of the work is the explanation of terms and place names that are thought to be incomprehensible to the umrah traveler or pilgrim candidate. By identifying these words and concepts, a dictionary of in-text concepts was created without interfering with the author's language of expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, statistical tests concerning the trend coefficient in cointegrating regressions are addressed for the case when the stochastic regressors have deterministic linear trends. The self‐normalization (SN) approach is adopted for developing inferential methods in the integrated and modified ordinary least squares (IMOLS) estimation framework. Two different self‐normalizers are used to construct the SN test statistics: a functional of the recursive IMOLS estimators and a functional of the IMOLS residuals. These two self‐normalizers produce two SN tests, denoted by TSNϵ and τδ1η^T⊥ respectively. Neither test requires studentization with a heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) estimator. A trimming parameter ϵ must be chosen to implement the TSNϵ test, whereas the τδ1η^T⊥ test does not require any tuning parameter. In the simulation, the QSNϵ≡TSNϵ2 test exhibits the smallest size distortion among the inferential methods examined in this article. However, this may come with some loss of power, particularly in small samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In arid and semiarid zones, groundwater is a vital and indispensable natural resource. Indeed, these water resources have become extremely limited due to several factors, including climate change, salinization, and overexploitation. This study covers the hydrochemical characterization of groundwater in the Nekor-Ghiss plain which is located in northern Morocco. To achieve this objective, a set of 79 water samples was analyzed, for various physical and chemical parameters of the samples, including E.C, pH, TDS, HCO3−, SO42−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, PO43−, NO3−, NO2− and NH4+. Several methods were used to interpret the hydrochemical data, namely graphical methods, principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical ascending classification, and ion exchange indices. A detailed geochemical study of groundwater is described to identify the origin of the chemical composition of groundwater. The results show that the samples studied are characterized by very high mineralization (> 1500 mg/l), with the predominance of Na+, Cl− and SO42− ions. The interpretation of geochemical signatures of groundwater in the Nekor-Ghiss plain shows sulfate-sodium (Na–SO4) and chloride-sodium (Na–Cl) facies. Natural geochemical processes are responsible for water regulation, while human activities exert a limited influence on this control. Marine intrusion, evaporation, and the ion exchange process largely control the chemistry of the aquifer. Using PCA to confirm controlled water chemistry processes revealed three homogeneous groups. The study contributes to a better understanding of the quality and mineralization of groundwater in the Nekor-Ghiss plain, and it will serve as a reference for other plains with similar characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In arid and semiarid zones, groundwater is a vital and indispensable natural resource. Indeed, these water resources have become extremely limited due to several factors, including climate change, salinization, and overexploitation. This study covers the hydrochemical characterization of groundwater in the Nekor-Ghiss plain which is located in northern Morocco. To achieve this objective, a set of 79 water samples was analyzed, for various physical and chemical parameters of the samples, including E.C, pH, TDS, HCO3 −, SO4 2−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, PO4 3−, NO3 −, NO2 − and NH4 +. Several methods were used to interpret the hydrochemical data, namely graphical methods, principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical ascending classification, and ion exchange indices. A detailed geochemical study of groundwater is described to identify the origin of the chemical composition of groundwater. The results show that the samples studied are characterized by very high mineralization (> 1500 mg/l), with the predominance of Na+, Cl− and SO4 2− ions. The interpretation of geochemical signatures of groundwater in the Nekor-Ghiss plain shows sulfate-sodium (Na–SO4) and chloride-sodium (Na–Cl) facies. Natural geochemical processes are responsible for water regulation, while human activities exert a limited influence on this control. Marine intrusion, evaporation, and the ion exchange process largely control the chemistry of the aquifer. Using PCA to confirm controlled water chemistry processes revealed three homogeneous groups. The study contributes to a better understanding of the quality and mineralization of groundwater in the Nekor-Ghiss plain, and it will serve as a reference for other plains with similar characteristics.

For a gas undergoing a compression process, it is more appropriate to think of either isentropic or polytropic efficiency as process-defining parameters indicating that a given end state of compression has been achieved, rather than a measure of effectiveness of conversion of one form of energy into another. The polytropic efficiency, as defined in ASME PTC-10 standard for compressor field trials and acceptance tests, actually involves the comparison of two distinct compression processes, neither of which are actually connected to the performance of the compressors producing them. Consequently, it is not rational to compare the ASME PTC-10 polytropic efficiency of a compressor designed to compress a gas predominantly adiabatically with that for a compressor designed to compress a gas predominantly isothermally. A framework correcting this situation is set out and is illustrated with several numerical examples. Suggestions for maintaining backward compatibility with ASME PTC-10 are also put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Osmanlı Araştırmaları is the property of Turkiye Diyanet Foundation Centre for Islamic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Having been sent down from the Levh-i Mahfûz to Beytü'l-İzze and then the Holy Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet in sections. The process of the completion of the revelation, which took approximately 23 years, was shaped and completed in a gradual manner according to the needs of the people, taking into account their addiction rates in their habits, their psychological and sociological perceptions. This method used by the Qur'an has been regarded as one of the most effective methods particularly in the manner of prohibitions such as drink and interest, and in commands such as war and prayer. It also functioned in the removal of wrong behaviors and the establishment of the right ones in the context of moral principles. In this sense, the method of gradualism which was applied since the beginning of revelation should be drawn attention. This study aims to emphasize the fact that gradualism was also applied to the obligation of the hajj. As a methodology, the verses related to hajj were evaluated through the classical and modern tafsirs. Thus, this article covers the definition of the concepts and terms related to gradualism and, hajj, and it also tries to explain the verses regarding the hajj in the manner of gradualism in the hajj service. In short, this study aimed to emphasize the importance of the method of gradualism and to reveal how the method of gradualism was applied in the verses related to the hajj. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Given treatment‐related hypoglycaemia in hospitals can lead to adverse outcomes, the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care has included hypoglycaemia as a reportable hospital‐acquired complication (HAC) with financial disincentives. However, the designation of a hypoglycaemia HAC relies on clinical coding without a defined glucose threshold or clinical context. We assessed the biochemical validity and clinical relevance of a hypoglycaemia HAC. Methods: We performed a retrospective review on patients discharged from the Northern Health hospitals between March and August 2021 who were designated as experiencing a hypoglycaemia HAC. We assessed cases for biochemical validity (glucose <4.0 mmol), clinical context and whether they were treatment‐related (treatment with insulin or sulphonylurea). We then compared this cohort with a hospital‐wide glucometric survey based on a point‐prevalence study to determine the proportion of individuals with hypoglycaemic events that were designated as hypoglycaemia HAC. Results: Two hundred fifty‐six admissions were coded as hypoglycaemia HAC. Eleven (4%) did not have a biochemically valid episode. Of the valid cases, 34 (14%) were not treated with any glucose‐lowering medication and 11 (4%) were treated with noninsulin, nonsulphonylurea glucose‐lowering medication. Two hundred admissions (78%) were considered treatment‐related HAC. Of 139 individuals with diabetes identified in the hospital‐wide point‐prevalence study, 25 (18%) had biochemical evidence for hypoglycaemia: 22 were treatment‐related, of which 68% were not coded as HAC. Conclusion: Given safety and cost implications, the designation of hypoglycaemia HAC requires a standardised definition incorporating a biochemical threshold and clinical context. We propose a clinically relevant definition of hypoglycaemia HAC to promote safe diabetes care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the communication channels used by African Muslim pilgrims with other countries during their pilgrimage and the scholarly progressions achieved in Africa through this communication. The pilgrimage to holy sites known as Hajj has been a consistent and significant act of worship in Islamic history due to the desire of Muslims from various regions to visit these sites. African Muslims have played a prominent role in spreading pilgrimage routes across a wide expanse of Africa. When transportation was less advanced than it is today, journeys of pilgrimage were time-consuming. On their journey to and from Hejaz, the pilgrims traversed a variety of regions. Prospective pilgrims would engage in knowledge sharing during their journey by joining the circles of learning in the centers they visited. Numerous educational institutions existed in Hejaz and Egypt to cater to African pilgrims. Individuals on pilgrimage from various regions of Africa journeyed to Cairo to take part in cultural and scholarly events. The Al-Azhar Madrasah in Cairo was one of the most significant institutions among them. Al-Azhar had designated areas named “porticoes” for pilgrims from diverse regions to stay. In addition to their pilgrimage, the pilgrims took part in educational endeavors and contributed to the dissemination of knowledge by transporting books to various regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fulfilling the orders and prohibitions of Islam will make Muslims different. Performing ablution and praying five times a day affects the daily routine of Muslims. The fact that fasting Muslims wake up and eat at night and abstain from eating, drinking, and having sex during the day is an essential factor in the difference between Muslims and non-Muslims. For Muslims, performing the pilgrimage constitutes the pinnacle of their similarity to each other and their differentiation from members of other religions. The prohibition of waste established by Islam requires Muslims to adopt a simple lifestyle and clothing style that is away from ostentation. It primarily prevents silk clothes from being worn by men and creates a difference between cultures that use silk extensively in their clothes. When we evaluate these differences together, we can say that the difference in Islam is not a goal but a result. Commands that act on difference are not commanded to create difference. For example, fasting is effective on difference; however, commanding Muslims to fast is not to make them different from other people. The Prophet Muhammad’s approach to silk clothes is also within this framework. He said that this was the clothing of those without a share in the afterlife. The aim is not to create a difference but to prevent waste and ostentation. The difference that occurs when religious obligations are fulfilled is not abnormal. This is within the scope of freedom of belief; however, when Muslim difference is transformed from a consequence of Islamic commands and prohibitions into a direct goal, it will cause artificiality and alienation of Muslims from their society. There is no doubt that this supports Islamophobia.

The main objective of this work consists of classifying 30 brands of water bottled and marketed in Algeria, based on their physicochemical compositions and their comparison with some foreign brands recognized in their countries or on a world scale. Relevant to this, descriptive statistics, as well as hierarchical ascendant classification (HAC) and principal component analysis (PCA), were used to analyse the data. The results of this study highlighted a similarity between some Algerian brands and other foreign brands of water in terms of mineral content. Moreover, the results obtained by using PCA and HAC allowed us to divide the sample of Algerian mineral waters into three distinct groups, each with similar physicochemical characteristics. The first group (Soummam, Manbaa Al Ghezlane, Mouzaia, Amane, Djmila, and Hayet) is characterized by very high levels of mineral salts compared to the other brands. The second group (Guedila, Tazliza, Arwa, Baniane, Saida, Ifri, Messerghine, Sfid, Mansourah, Batna, Mileza, S. Rached, Dhaya, Qniaa, and Lejdar) is distinguished from the first group by its average mineralization. Finally, the third group (Fezguia, Nestlé, Ovitale, L. Khedidja, A. Bouglez, Ayris, Righia, Togi, and Toudja) presents a very low mineralization. HIGHLIGHTS Use of statistical approaches for the classification of 30 brands of water bottled and marketed in Algeria.; Comparison of these mineral waters with other regional and European water brands.;

At the site of Naldöken Kayasi, 10 km. west of Bayır village in the Seydikemer District of the Mugla Province, there is a rock mass lying in a row, forming a front towards the plain to the north. At the lowest part of the rock mass, there is a natural hollow, popularly known as "Bahattin Haystack" with a circular arrangement and a wide opening. The interior of this natural hollow, which was used without any additions, is decorated with a non-figurative painting programme in fresco technique, starting from the upper cover up to a height of 1 m above the floor. The upper cover, which is completely covered with a layer of soot, was surrounded by a circular form with double bands. The lower part of the circular form is surrounded by a border in which geometric arrangements are decorated with floral motifs. In the lower part of the border, there are 6 panels in different forms with crosses, floral and geometrical arrangements, separated from each other by bands. Three of the panels are complete and the other three are partially extant. The cross, floral motifs and inscription in the northwest of the lower row of this section and the partially preserved geometrical ornaments in the southeast constitute the two separate panels of the last decoration belt of the space. In the preserved sections of the wall paintings covering the interior of the Bahattin Samanlığı Cave, a decoration programme showing the characteristics of the aniconic was applied, including crosses, floral and geometric motifs as well as inscriptions. As in other Iconoclastic examples, the dominant element in the decoration is the cross. The cross has been widely used as a symbol of fertility, immortality, life, spirit, etc. since the earliest times, with varying meanings according to the cultures in which it was found. In the wall paintings of the Bahattin Samanlığı rock carving, the most common ornamentation after the cross motif consists of geometric forms around the cross motifs in some panels, sometimes alone in others, and sometimes accompanied by stylised floral motifs. Like the cult of the cross, the repertoire of geometric and floral ornamentation is not unique to the age of iconoclasm. Although they show similarities in terms of motif and stylistic characteristics with the iconoclast paintings we have analysed, the letter characters in the inscriptions, the remains of crosses and motifs, which show that the paintings belonging to the first phase also consisted of aniconic motifs, indicate that the wall paintings in Bahattin Samanlığ may have been painted in a period before iconoclasm or in the early 7th century to the early 8th century, which constitutes the first phase of the iconoclastic movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic researchers publish their work in various formats, such as papers, patents, and research reports, on different academic sites. When searching for a particular researcher's work, it can be challenging to pinpoint the right individual, especially when there are multiple researchers with the same name. In order to handle this issue, we propose a name disambiguation scheme for researchers with the same name based on heterogeneous academic sites. The proposed scheme collects and integrates research results from these varied academic sites, focusing on attributes crucial for disambiguation. It then employs clustering techniques to identify individuals who share the same name. Additionally, we implement the proposed rule-based algorithm name disambiguation method and the existing deep learning-based identification method. This approach allows for the selection of the most accurate disambiguation scheme, taking into account the metadata available in the academic sites, using a multi-classifier approach. We consider various researchers' achievements and metadata of articles registered in various academic search sites. The proposed scheme showed an exceptionally high F1-measure value of 0.99. In this paper, we propose a multi-classifier that executes the most appropriate disambiguation scheme depending on the inputted metadata. The proposed multi-classifier shows the high F1-measure value of 0.67. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fulfilling the orders and prohibitions of Islam will make Muslims different. Performing ablution and praying five times a day affects the daily routine of Muslims. The fact that fasting Muslims wake up and eat at night and abstain from eating, drinking, and having sex during the day is an essential factor in the difference between Muslims and non-Muslims. For Muslims, performing the pilgrimage constitutes the pinnacle of their similarity to each other and their differentiation from members of other religions. The prohibition of waste established by Islam requires Muslims to adopt a simple lifestyle and clothing style that is away from ostentation. It primarily prevents silk clothes from being worn by men and creates a difference between cultures that use silk extensively in their clothes. When we evaluate these differences together, we can say that the difference in Islam is not a goal but a result. Commands that act on difference are not commanded to create difference. For example, fasting is effective on difference; however, commanding Muslims to fast is not to make them different from other people. The Prophet Muhammad’s approach to silk clothes is also within this framework. He said that this was the clothing of those without a share in the afterlife. The aim is not to create a difference but to prevent waste and ostentation. The difference that occurs when religious obligations are fulfilled is not abnormal. This is within the scope of freedom of belief; however, when Muslim difference is transformed from a consequence of Islamic commands and prohibitions into a direct goal, it will cause artificiality and alienation of Muslims from their society. There is no doubt that this supports Islamophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakültesi Dergisi DTCF Dergisi is the property of Ankara Universitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakultesi (DTCF Dergisi) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is quite likely that all five inscriptions from Neoklaudiopolis/Vezirköprü presented in this paper are acclamations. They originate from Christian context. The objects on which they are placed – apart from one capital – cannot be identified with absolute certainty. In one case, it is probably a sarcophagus, in another a part of a pilaster, in the other two cases plinths – or, although less likely, weights of wine or oil presses. Four of the objects are decorated with crosses, whereby in two cases the cross is interpreted as The Tree of Life. The motif ›The Cross as Tree of Life‹ is quite common in Neoklaudiopolis. It is depicted in several designs, especially on sarcophagi and on architectural elements such as capitals and on a slab that may be regarded as an altar screen. This is documented by photographs. The sarcophagi that are known from the territory of Neoklaudiopolis and that can be identified as Christian are compiled in an appendix. They are all decorated with crosses in different design varieties. In one extraordinary case, the head of a bovine is depicted between two crosses. In a second appendix, stones decorated with crosses originating from the territory of Neoklaudiopolis are presented. It is certain that two of them are press weights, another two are very likely to be press weights, and with others it is at least arguable. The recording of the inscriptions, sarcophagi and press weights was done by Eckart Olshausen and Gerhard Kahl between 1988 and 1990.

For a gas undergoing a compression process, it is more appropriate to think of either isentropic or polytropic efficiency as process-defining parameters indicating that a given end state of compression has been achieved, rather than a measure of effectiveness of conversion of one form of energy into another. The polytropic efficiency, as defined in ASME PTC-10 standard for compressor field trials and acceptance tests, actually involves the comparison of two distinct compression processes, neither of which are actually connected to the performance of the compressors producing them. Consequently, it is not rational to compare the ASME PTC-10 polytropic efficiency of a compressor designed to compress a gas predominantly adiabatically with that for a compressor designed to compress a gas predominantly isothermally. A framework correcting this situation is set out and is illustrated with several numerical examples. Suggestions for maintaining backward compatibility with ASME PTC-10 are also put forward.

Functionalization of graphite by alkali activation and oxidation by chemical treatment has not been explored. The hydrophobic nature of carbon poses a particular challenge when used as an agent in water treatment applications in particular. Modification with hydrophilic groups on carbon makes carbon a promising material because of its good properties and used in various sectors. This study focused on the synthesis of hydrophilic activated carbon (HAC) from graphite by activation using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrophilization with ammonium persulfate (APS). The effects of functionalization on the surface chemical properties, wettability, and morphology were evaluated using various techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the functionalization results with the appearance of hydroxyl groups. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the carbon surface properties by total survey scan, showing the presence of N 1s and S 2p peaks on HAC. Contact angle values showed an increase in hydrophilicity from 88 ± 1.5° to 39 ± 1.0° for graphite and HAC, respectively. The absorption time also showed that HAC has active hydrophilic groups that can absorb water droplets in less than 0.60 s. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results also showed an increase in the number of pores on HAC. The methylene blue (MB) adsorption study showed that HAC had an adsorption capacity of 49.399 mg/g with a removal percent of 98.798 % at optimum conditions with an initial MB concentration of 50 mg/L, contact time of 240 minutes, and adsorbent dose of 0.1 g/100 mL. The adsorption kinetics of MB, AC, and HAC fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model. The Langmuir model provided the best fit to the experimental data, indicating a homogeneous and monolayer adsorbent surface. Accordingly, the synthesized HAC can effectively and reliably remediate wastewater contamination with organic pollutant.

The main objective of this work consists of classifying 30 brands of water bottled and marketed in Algeria, based on their physicochemical compositions and their comparison with some foreign brands recognized in their countries or on a world scale. Relevant to this, descriptive statistics, as well as hierarchical ascendant classification (HAC) and principal component analysis (PCA), were used to analyse the data. The results of this study highlighted a similarity between some Algerian brands and other foreign brands of water in terms of mineral content. Moreover, the results obtained by using PCA and HAC allowed us to divide the sample of Algerian mineral waters into three distinct groups, each with similar physicochemical characteristics. The first group (Soummam, Manbaa Al Ghezlane, Mouzaia, Amane, Djmila, and Hayet) is characterized by very high levels of mineral salts compared to the other brands. The second group (Guedila, Tazliza, Arwa, Baniane, Saida, Ifri, Messerghine, Sfid, Mansourah, Batna, Mileza, S. Rached, Dhaya, Qniaa, and Lejdar) is distinguished from the first group by its average mineralization. Finally, the third group (Fezguia, Nestlé, Ovitale, L. Khedidja, A. Bouglez, Ayris, Righia, Togi, and Toudja) presents a very low mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider inference about a scalar coefficient in a linear regression with spatially correlated errors. Recent suggestions for more robust inference require stationarity of both regressors and dependent variables for their large sample validity. This rules out many empirically relevant applications, such as difference-in-difference designs. We develop a robustified version of the recently suggested SCPC method that addresses this challenge. We find that the method has good size properties in a wide range of Monte Carlo designs that are calibrated to real world applications, both in a pure cross sectional setting, but also for spatially correlated panel data. We provide numerically efficient methods for computing the associated spatial-correlation robust test statistics, critical values, and confidence intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia's expansionist policy towards the Ottoman lands led to many wars between the two states. One of these wars was the Crimean War, which took place between 1853 and 1856. In order to legitimize this war and to get public support, Russia announced that the Orthodox Christians living in the Ottoman Empire were living under pressure and that it was a holy war had started to save them. This propaganda was voiced by Tsar Nicholas I, included in his war manifestos and published in the newspapers of the period. It was tried to give the image that Muslim Turks are a savage, barbaric nation that oppresses Christians and destroys holy temples. As a result of this propaganda, the "crescent moon" symbolizing Islam and Turkishness, as an enemy symbol, was brought to the fore, and many poems were written against it. In this article, it will be discussed how the "crescent moon" in Russian poems written during the Crimean War was used as a symbol of the enemy. Our article discusses poems about the Crimean War, which lasted from 1853 to 1856. As a result of this research, it has been determined that there are many references to the crescent moon-cross war in the poems. However, the crescent moon represented the Ottoman Empire against the double-headed eagle that Russia inherited from Byzantium. Therefore, references were made to the Byzantine-Ottoman battle. Adjectives such as "rabid, bloody, black, lowly" were used for the crescent moon, which is an enemy symbol. The crescent moon symbol has been likened to the horn of wild animals, the sickle - an edge tool. The weak state of the Ottoman state was symbolized by the diminution of the crescent moon. The British and French were criticized in many poems for supporting the Ottoman Empire and accused of betraying Christianity under the flag of the crescent moon. Our research has shown that poetry was used as a powerful propaganda tool by the Tsarist Russian government. We believe that this article will be a valuable contribution to the study of war literature and propaganda literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

İnsanoğlunun yaratılış gayesi Allah’a kulluk olup bu amaçla yüce Allah, insanları bir takım ibâdetlerle mükellef kılmıştır. Kur’an’la belirlenmiş olmalarına rağmen söz konusu ibâdetlerin açıklama ve uygulamaları sünnetle ortaya konmuştur. Bu ibâdetlerin açıklama ve uygulamaları sünnet ile belirlenmiştir. Çünkü sünnet teşrî yetkisine sahip olup, Kur’an’dan sonra İslam dininin ikinci temel kaynağıdır. Bu itibarla sünnetin ibâdetler noktasında belirleyici olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Kulluğun göstergesi ibâdetler insanların doğasına uygun bir şekilde vaz‘ edilmiş bu konuda bir aşırılık ve zorluk gösterilmemiştir. Hatta ibâdetlerle ilgili bazı kolaylıkların sağlandığı görülmektedir. Kur’an’da bu kolaylıklardan bir kısmına değinilmiş fakat ayrıntılı bilgi verilmemiştir. Sünnet ise bu konuda gerekli beyanatta bulunmuş ve uygulamalı olarak da göstermiştir. Bu ibâdetler içerisinde hac ibâdetine de bazı kolaylıklar sağlanmıştır. Zira hac, belirli bir mekân ve zamanla sınırlı, diğer ibâdetleri de kapsayıcı, bir o kadar da ayrıntılı özelliğe sahiptir. Bu bağlamda sünnetin, hac ibâdetine sağladığı kolaylıklara temas edilecektir. Böylelikle sünnetin teşrî yönüne vurgu yapılarak söz konusu ibâdete ne gibi kolaylıklar sağladığı izah edilmeye çalışılacak ve ibâdetler konusundaki belirleyici yönüne değinilecektir.

Copyright of Içtimaiyat is the property of Ictimaiyat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art-Sanat Journal / Art-Sanat is the property of Art-Sanat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art-Sanat Journal / Art-Sanat is the property of Art-Sanat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art-Sanat Journal / Art-Sanat is the property of Art-Sanat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art-Sanat Journal / Art-Sanat is the property of Art-Sanat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study compares the various knowledge of the use of Ziziphus lotus L. in a semi-arid zone in the west of Algeria (Relizane province). The ethnobotanical survey used semi-structured interviews carried out on 300 people in four different localities. The final matrix was processed using the appropriate statistical methods for the different types of variables (quantitative and qualitative). The hierarchical ascendant classification reveals a high diversity of the use of Ziziphus by the local population (therapeutic and cosmetic). The Results indicate that the use of the plant is almost therapeutic (75%) whereas the most used parts are leaves (70,33 %) and fruits (19,66 %). The plant is much more used in cases of pain and fever with a percentage of 41,33 %. It is also used for gastrological and respiratory diseases. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the analyzed parameters. This is explained by the fact that the plant is used in different ways for different diseases with different modes. It was concluded that the inventory interview was the most effective method to better inform the local population's know-how, as it allowed for the identification, It is recommended to intensify the ethnobotanical investigations to trace the phytotherapeutic path of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mutefekkir, Faculty of Islamic Sciences is the property of Aksaray University, Faculty of Islamic Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anadolu’nun İslamlaşması ve Türkleşmesinde ile Yesevî öğretisinin yayılmasında büyük etkileri olan Yunus Emre’nin dini düşünce sisteminin incelenmesi ve araştırılması kuşkusuz büyük önem arz etmektedir. Onun dini, tasavvufi, ahlaki, sosyal, kültürel, siyasi, tarihi, ilmi ve edebi kişiliğiyle ilgili bugüne kadar yüzlerce makale, onlarca kitap kaleme alınmıştır. Ne var ki namaz, abdest, oruç, hac vb. içsel manaları ihmal edilen, salt zahiri düzeyde kalan şekilsel şeriat formlarının değer ve derecesine, hakikat makamı, namaz, abdest, oruç ve hac anlayışına dair şimdiye kadar araştırdığımız kadarıyla, bir çalışma henüz yapılmamıştır. Zahir-batın, şeriat-tarikat ve şeriat-hakikat düalizmi, erdemli ideal insan -insan-ı kâmil- olma yolunda bunların kıymet ve konumuna ilişkin yaklaşımlar, sufi öğretinin temel konuları arasında daima yer almıştır. Hatta dinin biçimsel -zahir- yapısını ön plana çıkaran fakih, müderris ve mollalarla tam tersine onun özünü, ruhunu, ahlaki hedeflerini -batınını- önceleyen sufiler arasında bu durum, zaman zaman bir çatışmanın da konusu olagelmiştir. O bakımdan, bu çalışmada, Yunus Emre’de şeriat ve hakikat makamına özgü namaz, abdest, oruç ve hac anlayışları irdelenmiş; şeriat makamı formlarının hafife alınıp alınmadığı ile yadsınıp yadsınmadığına ilişkin sorulara cevap aranmıştır. Araştırmamıza, Yunus Emre’nin farklı nüsha ve baskılarından oluşan Risâletu’n-Nushiye’si ve Dîvân’ıyla, diğer bazı araştırmalar kaynaklık etmiştir. Literatür taraması yönteminin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada şeriat makamı ritüellerinin Tanrı’ya yakınlaşma, ona vuslatta bir araç, giriş ve eşik mesabesinde olduğu; dolayısıyla, asıl -ideal- namaz, abdest ve orucun ten ile taat, teni yumak ve yıkamakla değil; gönülde Tanrı’yı daima anış naz ve niyazla, gönlü pak etmekle; asıl haccın ise O’nu ırakta -yabanda- yani Mekke’de değil; gönülde ve kendinde aramakla gerçekleşeceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Hajj, which deeply affects human life and is a rehearsal for the hereafter, is a universal worship that is emphasized in the Qur'an. The worship, which is performed by a large and organized mass, is of a nature that can be handled and evaluated in many aspects. The verses related to hajj were revealed gradually over a long period of time, and hajj became obligatory during the Madinah period when the Muslims had gained strategic superiority. Separate studies have been conducted in this field, jurisprudential issues on hajj have been examined in depth, and works have been produced to analyze the sociological and psychological dimensions of the subject. Here, on the other hand, it is aimed to conduct a Qur'an-centered research by identifying the verses of hajj in the Qur'an and taking into account the environment, conditions and process in which they were revealed. In our research, the Makki verses and the Madani verses have been subjected to a chronological analysis under separate headings, some conclusions have been made based on the main sources, especially the sources of tafsir, and the subject has been examined from a systematic point of view, taking into account the process of occurrence of the verses related to hajj. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's changing conditions have made it necessary to reconsider or to make initial assessment of many issues related to hajj rituals from the point of view of fiqh. In this context, one of the important issues to be analyzed is the issue of a person -who enters state of ihram with the intention of umrah but plans to perform the hajj in the same year i.e plans to perform Hajjul Tamattu, performing umrah(s) after first umrah until he or she enters state of ihram for hajj. Considering that it was not clearly discussed in fiqh books, this practice, which was understood not to be common in the past, has become common today, while the transportation between Mecca and Hil region has become much easier than in the past. In this study, the mentioned practice has been discussed from the point of view of the Hanafis, which has a different perspective on the nature and practice of the Hajjul Tamattu and Hajjul Qiran. Although the main objective of the study is to discuss the above issues, some issues that are heavily debated today, which are closely related to mentioned ones, are also included. These issues are: performing more than one umrah in the same year and, performing consecutive umrahs by going out from Mecca to the Hil region. In the study, first of all, the issues considered as problems were put forward, and the issues were discussed by analyzing different opinions on the subject. Also, the opinions of fatwa committees and contemporary writers were consulted. Since the study was prepared with a solution-oriented focus for fatwa authorities such as the High Council of Religious Affairs, it was tried to reach conclusions that could be used while issuing fatwas. Footnotes and bibliography were prepared according to the Isnad Citation System, based on the orthographic rules of the TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (DIA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being a pilgrim in medieval Europe is very important for every faithful Christian. The presence of a large number of pilgrimages on the continent has made it easier for people to fulfill such a religious duty. The main purpose of pilgrimage is forgiveness of sins, but there are many other purposes such as healing, asking for children, thanking for the wish fulfilled. The exact number of pilgrims is not known as there are no reliable records. Women who lived under control throughout the age also made pilgrimages, but mostly went to places close to their homes. If they were to go far, they were usually accompanied by their husbands. There is no evidence that nuns made pilgrimages. Going to pilgrimage in this period is a dangerous and costly business. It is also possible to go on pilgrimage to someone else's place. Although the duration of pilgrimages varies according to the distance of the destination, they are usually long because transportation is not as developed as it is today. Events affecting many regions such as the great plague epidemic between 1346-51 and the Hundred Years War between 1337-1453 caused the pilgrimage to be interrupted. Nevertheless, the clergy and especially the popes encouraged people to go on pilgrimage. While one purpose of this encouragement is the forgiveness of people's sins, another purpose is for the clergy to earn a great income from pilgrimages. This income is so great that from time to time it has brought religious and worldly leaders against each other. The three most important pilgrimage centers of the continent in the Middle Ages were Rome, Santiego de Compostela and Canterbury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Theology is the property of Journal of Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the availability of a vast amount of unstructured data in various forms (e.g., the web, social networks, etc.), the clustering of text documents has become increasingly important. Traditional clustering algorithms have not been able to solve this problem because the semantic relationships between words could not accurately represent the meaning of the documents. Thus, semantic document clustering has been extensively utilized to enhance the quality of text clustering. This method is called unsupervised learning and it involves grouping documents based on their meaning, not on common keywords. This paper introduces a new method that groups documents from online laboratory repositories based on the semantic similarity approach. In this work, the dataset is collected first by crawling the short real-time descriptions of the online laboratories' repositories from the Web. A vector space is created using frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and clustering is done using the K-Means and Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) algorithms with different linkages. Three scenarios are considered: without preprocessing (WoPP); preprocessing with steaming (PPwS); and preprocessing without steaming (PPWoS). Several metrics have been used for evaluating experiments: Silhouette average, purity, V-measure, F1-measure, accuracy score, homogeneity score, completeness and NMI score (consisting of five datasets: online labs, 20 NewsGroups, Txt_sentoken, NLTK_Brown and NLTK_Reuters). Finally, by creating an interactive webpage, the results of the proposed work are contrasted and visualized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yue Zhang,1,&ast; Shuanglin Han,1,&ast; Li Lv,2 Xiaomei Wang,3 Yu Zhu,1 Li Ying1 1Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116027, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116027, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116027, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Li Ying, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou Region, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-17709870657, Email yingli0209@163.comAbstract: HAC is a rare extrahepatic malignancy histologically resembling hepatocellular carcinoma which can occur in many organs. Especially for cases carrying HAC within the stomach or duodenum, we found that typically HAC only happened in either of them and there was no case exhibiting HAC in both sites. Here, we presented a case having HAC in both sites and to our knowledge, this is the first report presenting HAC in these two distinct organs simultaneously. Firstly, a 57-year-old male was tested for increased serum alpha-fetoprotein level. Following PET-CT images showed strengthened FDG uptake in the gastric antrum and proximal duodenum. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy also revealed an irregular lump at the gastric antrum and a deep ulceration at the duodenum bulb. Next, an immunohistochemistry panel confirmed the diagnosis of HAC. Finally, genetic tests were performed on this patient after the clinical diagnosis of HAC to reveal the molecular etiology.Keywords: HAC, case report, AFP, SALL4, endoscopy, NGS

The paper provides a comparative empirical study of predictability of cryptocurrency returns and prices using econometrically justified robust inference methods. We present robust econometric analysis of predictive regressions incorporating factors, which were suggested by Liu, Y., & Tsyvinski, A. (2018). Risks and returns of cryptocurrency. NBER working paper no. 24877; Liu, Y., & Tsyvinski, A. (2021). Risks and returns of cryptocurrency. The Review of Financial Studies, 34(6), 2689–2727, as useful predictors for cryptocurrency returns, including cryptocurrency momentum, stock market factors, acceptance of Bitcoin, and Google trends measure of investors’ attention. Due to inherent heterogeneity and dependence properties of returns and other time series in financial and crypto markets, we provide the analysis of the predictive regressions using both heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) standard-errors and also the recently developed tt-statistic robust inference approaches, Ibragimov, R., & Müller, U. K. (2010). t-statistic based correlation and heterogeneity robust inference. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 28, 453–468; Ibragimov, R., & Müller, U. K. (2016). Inference with few heterogeneous clusters. Review of Economics and Statistics, 98, 83–96. We provide comparisons of robust predictive regression estimates between different cryptocurrencies and their corresponding risk and factor exposures. In general, the number of significant factors decreases as we use more robust t-tests, and the t-statistic robust inference approaches appear to perform better than the t-tests based on HAC standard errors in terms of pointing out interpretable economic conclusions. The results in this paper emphasize the importance of the use of robust inference approaches in the analysis of economic and financial data affected by the problems of heterogeneity and dependence.

Academic researchers publish their work in various formats, such as papers, patents, and research reports, on different academic sites. When searching for a particular researcher’s work, it can be challenging to pinpoint the right individual, especially when there are multiple researchers with the same name. In order to handle this issue, we propose a name disambiguation scheme for researchers with the same name based on heterogeneous academic sites. The proposed scheme collects and integrates research results from these varied academic sites, focusing on attributes crucial for disambiguation. It then employs clustering techniques to identify individuals who share the same name. Additionally, we implement the proposed rule-based algorithm name disambiguation method and the existing deep learning-based identification method. This approach allows for the selection of the most accurate disambiguation scheme, taking into account the metadata available in the academic sites, using a multi-classifier approach. We consider various researchers’ achievements and metadata of articles registered in various academic search sites. The proposed scheme showed an exceptionally high F1-measure value of 0.99. In this paper, we propose a multi-classifier that executes the most appropriate disambiguation scheme depending on the inputted metadata. The proposed multi-classifier shows the high F1-measure value of 0.67.

This article aims to investigate the Hejaz region during the mid-17th century with a particular focus on the reign of Zeid bin Muhsin as the Sharif of Mecca between 1632-1666. The 17th century holds significant historical importance for the Ottoman Empire, particularly concerning the preservation of its territories and sovereignty in regions geographically distant from the Ottoman capital. The Ottoman Empire faced numerous challenges during this period, including recurring conflicts with the Safavid Empire and the loss of Yemen, which placed the management and protection of the Hejaz region in a critical position. The Hejaz region holds great religious significance due to housing the holy cities of Mecca and Medina and drawing Muslims from all corners of the world. Its affiliation with the Ottoman Empire added a religious and spiritual dimension to the Ottoman sultans. Moreover, the Hejaz played a crucial role as a major commercial center situated along the trade route carrying goods from the Indian Ocean and Yemen. Additionally, it boasts strategic ports, including the port of Jeddah. To delve into these matters, this article examines various aspects under five main headings by drawing upon both Arab and Ottoman sources as well as documents from the Ottoman archives. These categories encompass the region of the Hejaz and the institution of the Sharifate of Mecca, the relationships with Arab tribes, the rulers of the Jeddah region, the rulers of Medina, and the approach taken toward Safavid pilgrims visiting the Hejaz. Despite the Sharif’s limited authority in Medina, Sharif Zeid effectively maintained the powers of the Sharifate of Mecca and skillfully managed it for approximately 35 years. His intelligence and loyalty allowed him to handle the groups of Safavid pilgrims adeptly, thereby not only consolidating the foundations of Ottoman rule in the Hejaz during his tenure but also for the several decades that followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worship can be understood as the set of behaviors regulating the relationship between the believer and the believed and draws attention as a common basic religious practice all religions apply. Worship involves formal elements such as time, quantity, order, place, and symbolic meaning, the main purpose of which is to fill the worshipper’s religious consciousness with that which is being believed; these features constitute the objective dimension of worship. The Hajj is one of the most prominent forms of Islamic worship in terms of formal elements. In addition to being performed at a blessed time and place, the pilgrimage also contains many formal elements that positively affect the psychology of worship. Among the first distinguishing features of the pilgrimage are the relatively long time required for its performance, the relatively long preparation period required compared to other prayers, and its performance with a higher motivation and an extremely large crowd. The fact that almost all other forms of worships are performed together with the pilgrimage provides the Hajj with set of forms of worship that unite Islamic worship. All these increase the potential impact the Hajj can have on the individual. Those who perform the pilgrimage gain the new title of haji, which has a distinctive feature in increasing the long-term effect of the pilgrimage, especially after it finishes. This study discusses the potential multidimensional effects the Hajj has as a form of worship in light of empirical data and, as expected, has concluded the Hajj to produce high levels of long-term positive effects on the individuals who’ve performed it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]