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The skin is a very sensitive organ that covers and protects the entire body. It is one of the routes by which chemicals present in e.g., personal care products are absorbed into the body. The quality of cosmetic products and their safety for consumers depend on their chemical composition. Cosmetics are produced from various ingredients, including dyes that contain e.g., Cr6+ and Ni at concentrations that can be hazardous to human health. Entities that introduce cosmetic products in the market are responsible for their safety and for ensuring that their chemical composition complies with relevant standards. However, the online market offers products of different brands manufactured in plants located in countries that have less restrictive regulations than those in place in the EU or the US. In the present study, we carried out analyses (mineralization with aqua regia HCl: HNO3) to determine the concentrations of selected metals (Cr, Fe, Ni, Mn and Zn) using ICP-MS in 23 samples of cosmetics (foundations, blushes, lipsticks, creams, face masks and eye shadows) in order to calculate the health risks associated with their daily use. We calculated the margin of safety (MoS), hazard index (HI) and the hazard quotient (HQ) and carried out a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) to answer the question of whether cosmetics available in the online market are safe for consumers when used in daily care routines. The results showed wide ranges of heavy metal concentrations in the cosmetics analyzed. The mean concentrations of the elements decreased in the following order (in mg/kg): Fe (6407) > Zn (190) > Mn (88) > Cr (24) > Ni (8). The MoS, HQ and HI values calculated for all the samples of cosmetics indicated that the products do not present a risk to human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The skin is a very sensitive organ that covers and protects the entire body. It is one of the routes by which chemicals present in e.g., personal care products are absorbed into the body. The quality of cosmetic products and their safety for consumers depend on their chemical composition. Cosmetics are produced from various ingredients, including dyes that contain e.g., Cr6+ and Ni at concentrations that can be hazardous to human health. Entities that introduce cosmetic products in the market are responsible for their safety and for ensuring that their chemical composition complies with relevant standards. However, the online market offers products of different brands manufactured in plants located in countries that have less restrictive regulations than those in place in the EU or the US. In the present study, we carried out analyses (mineralization with aqua regia HCl: HNO3) to determine the concentrations of selected metals (Cr, Fe, Ni, Mn and Zn) using ICP-MS in 23 samples of cosmetics (foundations, blushes, lipsticks, creams, face masks and eye shadows) in order to calculate the health risks associated with their daily use. We calculated the margin of safety (MoS), hazard index (HI) and the hazard quotient (HQ) and carried out a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) to answer the question of whether cosmetics available in the online market are safe for consumers when used in daily care routines. The results showed wide ranges of heavy metal concentrations in the cosmetics analyzed. The mean concentrations of the elements decreased in the following order (in mg/kg): Fe (6407) > Zn (190) > Mn (88) > Cr (24) > Ni (8). The MoS, HQ and HI values calculated for all the samples of cosmetics indicated that the products do not present a risk to human health.

AbstractResidues of harmful substances in food can severely damage human health. The content of these substances in food is generally low, making detection difficult. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), based on noble metal nanomaterials, mainly gold (Au) and silver (Ag), has exhibited excellent capabilities for trace detection of various substances. Noble metal nanoassemblies, in particular, have extraordinary flexibility and tunable optical properties, which cannot be offered by single nanoparticles (NPs). These nanoassemblies, with their various morphologies synthesized using NPs through artificially induced self-assembly or template-driven preparation, can significantly enhance the local electric field and create “hot spots” due to the gaps between adjacent NPs. Consequently, the SERS properties of NPs become more prominent, leading to improved performance in the trace detection of various substances and detection limits that are considerably lower than the current relevant standards. Noble metal nanoassemblies show promising potential in ensuring food safety. This review discusses the synthesis methods and SERS properties of noble metal nanoassemblies and then concentrates on their application in detecting biotoxins, drug residues, illegal additives, and heavy metals. The study provides valuable references for further research into the application of nanoassemblies in food safety detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the globalising world, scientific and technical progress, increase in production areas, industrial and economic development have positively affected society and human life, but have caused serious deterioration of the ecological balance. Every person working in any field should have ecological culture and ecological knowledge. Since chemistry is mostly related to ecology among the subjects taught, the role of chemical production and anthropogenic effects in disrupting the ecological balance is great. In chemistry teaching, importance should be given to providing students with the necessary knowledge and skills about the source of environmental problems, environmental concepts, causes of problems and ways to eliminate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frying is a critical process in the food industry, where selecting appropriate vegetable oils is key to achieving optimal results. In this study, French fries were fried at 175 °C with five different oils, the changes in the physicochemical indexes and free radical scavenging rate of the oils during the frying process were investigated, and the most suitable oils for frying were identified through comparative analysis using principal component analysis (PCA). We assessed the frying performances of hot-pressed high-oleic-acid rapeseed oil (HHRO), cold-pressed high-oleic-acid rapeseed oil (CHRO), soybean oil, rice bran oil, and palm oil utilizing principal component analysis over an 18 h period. The HHRO and CHRO showed lower acid values (0.31, 0.26 mg/g), peroxide values (2.09, 1.96 g/100 g), p-anisidine values (152.48, 178.88 g/mL), and total polar compound percentages (27.60%, 32.10%) than other oils. Furthermore, both the HHRO and CHRO demonstrated enhanced free radical scavenging abilities, indicative of their higher antioxidant capacities, as corroborated by the PCA results. Benzopyridine, 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester, squalene, tocopherols, and polyphenol from the HHRO and CHRO during frying were compared. A comprehensive examination of harmful substances versus nutrient retention during frying revealed that the HHRO contained fewer hazardous compounds, while CHRO retained more nutrients. Therefore, this study analyzes the oxidation regulation of HHRO in frying applications, highlights the prospects of HHRO for frying in terms of health and economy, and contributes valuable insights for informed vegetable oil selection within the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78) is the core of a comprehensive international legal regime for the prevention of pollution from ships. Over the past fifty years, it has developed a dynamic and comprehensive set of regulations, continuously amended and updated by sixty-six resolutions of Marine Environment Protection Committee and tacitly accepted by the Contracting Parties. In order to supplement and effectively apply the MARPOL requirements, the International Maritime Organization has produced extensive secondary legislation in the form of codes and guidelines, which by reference are incorporated into the Convention as binding law. MARPOL 73/78 has proven to be a suitable instrument for largely preventing discharges of harmful substances from ship operations and, in the event of accidents, for limiting the release quantity. However, it remains necessary to constantly adapt the regulations to new developments, in particular further reduction of CO2 emissions in shipping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE PURPOSE. An experimental method is used to evaluate the effect of the temperature of inert gases on the rate of thermal decomposition of waste rubber products (fragments of a car tire) upon their direct contact.METHODS. The research was carried out on a test firing stand at a stationary mode of gas movement in the temperature range from 300 °C to 500 °C. The initial weight of the rubber was 4 grams. The thermal decomposition of rubber was carried out due to the thermal energy of inert gas released during the combustion of a propanebutane mixture with air at α = 1.1...1.15. The consumption of fuel and oxidizer remained constant, the change in gas temperature was carried out by heat exchange of hot gases and water in the heat exchanger.RESULTS. Metodology of conducting experiments, the object of research under the study, results of the research and their analysis are described in the article. The main parameters were selected: the rate of decrease in rubber mass depending on the temperature of the gases, the limiting value of the gas temperature at which sulfur in solid form remains in the decomposed part of the rubber.CONCLUSION. It was found that with increasing temperature of the inert gas, the rate of thermal decomposition of rubber increases. When rubber is in a gaseous environment in the temperature range from 450 0C to 500 0C, the sulfur content in the solid residue remains practically unchanged. The average rate of pyrolysis was 0.02 kg/h, which is 6 times higher than the rate of pyrolysis in the retort (0.003 kg/h).

Oil pipeline explosions pose a serious threat to environmental safety. The relevance of this study lies in examining the consequences of such incidents and their impact on the environment. The aim of the research was to assess the scale of the fire and the degree of air pollution by nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide following the pipeline explosion. The research methods included the analysis of satellite images using the normalized difference vegetation index, the normalized burn ratio, and the differenced normalized burn ratio, followed by the detection of burned areas using the thresholding method. The application of advanced Earth remote sensing methods, such as data from the Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-5P satellites, allowed for the analysis of the consequences of the oil pipeline explosion and the subsequent fire that occurred on 30.09.2023, near the Strymba Village in the Nadvirna District of Ivano-Frankivsk Region. Additionally, an analysis of harmful substance emissions into the air, obtained from the Sentinel-5P satellite, was conducted, followed by visualisation using the Python programming language and statistical analysis. The results obtained include the calculation of the fire area, which is approximately 2.5 ha, and the detection of elevated levels of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide above the norm following the fire. Methods for converting concentration units obtained from satellite observations to ground-level concentrations were used. The validation of the obtained results with surface measurements confirms the study’s findings regarding nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide pollution. After the fire, concentrations ranged from 0.46 to 0.58 ml/m³ for nitrogen dioxide and 9.86 ml/m³ for carbon monoxide. These research results are important for identifying small fires resulting from pipeline explosions and for the practical understanding of the specifics of harmful substance emissions during such fires

Summary: In this study, the effects of citric acid‐loaded Hβ zeolite (F), activated clay and their modified decolorizers on the nutrients, volatile compounds and harmful substances of sesame oil in the decolorization process were evaluated. The results showed that the decolorization effect of F was second only to that of activated clay, the yield of F‐treated sesame oil sample was not significantly different from that of other decolorizers. The formation of asarinin was detected only in the sesame oil samples treated with F and H (zinc chloride‐activated clay). Compared with the activated clay‐treated sesame oil samples, the retention of tocopherols in the F‐treated sesame oil sample was significantly increased by 23.11%, and the retention of phytosterols was increased by 4.85%. The removal rate of the harmful substances Norharman and Harman in the F‐treated sesame oil sample was 96.79%, which was second only to that of the activated clay. Additionally, the removal rate of the total volatile compounds was the highest at 69.47%. The effects of different decolorizers on the sesame oil samples were closely related to the specific surface area, pore size and surface acidic sites of these decolorizers. This study could provide ideas for the industrial application of leached sesame oil, such as cosmetics and base oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article focuses on the abundance of microplastics (MPs) in various environmental matrices, such as sediment and water, and their potential impacts. MPs can be considered as plastic particles that are less than 5 mm in dimension. The article presents an overview of the methods used for detecting and quantifying MPs in environmental samples, including spectroscopic techniques, microscopy, and chemical digestion. It also summarizes the current understanding of the distribution and abundance of MPs in various environmental compartments highlighting their importance in different environmental compartments. This article further discusses the potential impacts of MPs on different biota, such as marine organisms and terrestrial animals, and their ability to act as carriers for pollutants and other harmful substances. The review emphasizes the need for further research to better understand the impacts of MPs and to develop effective management strategies to mitigate their environmental effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of alternative fuels remains an important factor in solving the problem of reducing harmful substances caused by vehicles and decarbonising transport. It is also important to ensure the energy efficiency of vehicle power plants when using different fuels at a sufficient level. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the conversion of diesel engine to alternative fuels with hydrogen admixtures. Methanol is considered as an alternative fuel which is a cheaper alternative to commercial diesel fuel. The chemical essence of improving the calorific value of alternative methanol fuel was investigated. Studies showed that the energy effect of burning an alternative mixture with hydrogen additives exceeds the effect of burning the same amount of methanol fuel. The increase in combustion energy and engine power is achieved as a result of heat from efficient use of the engine exhaust gases and chemical conversion of methanol. An experimental installation was created to study the work of a converted diesel engine on hydrogen–methanol mixtures and thermochemical regeneration processes. Experimental studies of the energy and environmental parameters of diesel engine converted to work on an alternative fuel with hydrogen admixtures have shown that engine power increases by 10–14% and emissions of harmful substances decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Buletinul AGIR is the property of Asociatia Generala a Inginerilor din Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article describes the issue of reducing exhaust emissions in rally cars. The issue of currently used exhaust gas aftertreatment systems is described, as well as the potential possibility of reducing emissions of harmful substances while driving on special sections. Statistical calculations were also carried out regarding the emissions of harmful substances by rally cars during the entire season of the Polish Rally Championship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many ancient cultural relics are unearthed every day around the world, and once unearthed, these relics face the risk of corrosion and mineralization. How to effectively protect these relics is a very difficult problem for researchers in the field of archaeology. In the field of cultural relics preservation, the application of plasma glow discharge can effectively remove harmful rust on the surface of excavated cultural relics and prevent further corrosion from the harmful rust. In order to remove harmful substances from the surface of cultural relics and achieve the goal of cultural relic protection, using hydrogen, argon and other gases to glow discharge in a plasma device to treat cultural relics placed inside. This is a novel method for cultural relic preservation. Compared to traditional chemical preservation methods, it offers advantages such as shorter processing time and the ability to retain the original appearance of the artifact. In this paper, the fundamental components of the plasma treatment device were elaborated upon, and the basic principles of using different plasma atmospheres to treat cultural relics of different materials were described. A novel approach for the protection of excavated cultural relics was thus presented. In the future, the form of plasma treatment devices and the exploration of various treatment gas atmospheres will hold significant research value.

Frying is a critical process in the food industry, where selecting appropriate vegetable oils is key to achieving optimal results. In this study, French fries were fried at 175 °C with five different oils, the changes in the physicochemical indexes and free radical scavenging rate of the oils during the frying process were investigated, and the most suitable oils for frying were identified through comparative analysis using principal component analysis (PCA). We assessed the frying performances of hot-pressed high-oleic-acid rapeseed oil (HHRO), cold-pressed high-oleic-acid rapeseed oil (CHRO), soybean oil, rice bran oil, and palm oil utilizing principal component analysis over an 18 h period. The HHRO and CHRO showed lower acid values (0.31, 0.26 mg/g), peroxide values (2.09, 1.96 g/100 g), p-anisidine values (152.48, 178.88 g/mL), and total polar compound percentages (27.60%, 32.10%) than other oils. Furthermore, both the HHRO and CHRO demonstrated enhanced free radical scavenging abilities, indicative of their higher antioxidant capacities, as corroborated by the PCA results. Benzopyridine, 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester, squalene, tocopherols, and polyphenol from the HHRO and CHRO during frying were compared. A comprehensive examination of harmful substances versus nutrient retention during frying revealed that the HHRO contained fewer hazardous compounds, while CHRO retained more nutrients. Therefore, this study analyzes the oxidation regulation of HHRO in frying applications, highlights the prospects of HHRO for frying in terms of health and economy, and contributes valuable insights for informed vegetable oil selection within the food industry.

This scientific article is dedicated to the analysis of the impact of vehicle fires on the urban environment. In the context of the dynamic processes of urbanization and societal mobilization, understanding the consequences of vehicle fires becomes exceedingly important for ensuring sustainable urban development and improving residents’ quality of life. The article presents the results of spatial analyses of vehicle fires that occurred within the Warsaw area between 2010 and 2021. In the analytical section, an attempt was made to identify the parts of the city where residents were most exposed to the emission of toxic substances. According to the presented calculations, almost 3 tons of toxic substances are released into the atmosphere every year as a result of vehicle fires in Warsaw. The article also provides information about the materials used in motor vehicles and assesses their environmental impact through the emission of hazardous substances in the event of a vehicle fire. Proposed changes that could minimize the number of vehicle fires in the future are also indicated in the article, thereby contributing to increased road safety levels in the city and positively influencing the environment.

The results of the study of workers working conditions at the areas of the manufacture of castings from copper alloys are presented. It is noted that the main production factors of working conditions are noise, vibration, dustiness, gas contamination, temperature, intensity of infrared (thermal) radiation, severity and labor process intensity. The results have shown that at all workplaces there are exceedances of permissible values for noise and local vibration, the content of dust and harmful substances in the air of the working environment, the intensity of infrared (thermal) radiation and temperature. It is noted that the work performed due to the severity and labor process intensity can negatively affect the workers’ health.

Formaldehyde (CH₂O) is one of the significant chemicals mixed with different perishable fruits in Bangladesh. The fruits are artificially preserved for extended periods by dishonest vendors using this dangerous chemical. Such substances are complicated to detect in appearance. Hence, a reliable and robust detection technique is required. To overcome this challenge and address the issue, we introduce comprehensive deep learning-based techniques for detecting toxic substances. Four different types of fruits, both in fresh and chemically mixed conditions, are used in this experiment. We have applied diverse data augmentation techniques to enlarge the dataset. The performance of four different pre-trained deep learning models was then assessed, and a brand-new model named “DurbeenNet,” created especially for this task, was presented. The primary objective was to gauge the efficacy of our proposed model compared to well-established deep learning architectures. Our assessment centered on the models' accuracy in detecting toxic substances. According to our research, GoogleNet detected toxic substances with an accuracy rate of 85.53 %, VGG-16 with an accuracy rate of 87.44 %, DenseNet with an impressive accuracy rate of 90.37 %, and ResNet50 with an accuracy rate of 91.66 %. Notably, the proposed model, DurbeenNet, outshone all other models, boasting an impressive accuracy rate of 96.71 % in detecting toxic substances among the sample fruits.

The paper discusses the results of investigations of the change in thermal and emission-related parameters of a heating boiler fueled with biomass after a modification with a proprietary flue gas recirculation system made for this type of equipment. The results provide insight into the combustion process with a multistage flue gas recirculation that materially affected the boiler operation: a reduction in the mass concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by reducing the combustion temperature. The authors also observed a reduction in the emission of particulate matters (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO). For the investigations, the authors used a heating boiler fitted with an automatic fuel feed (timber pellets) and a proprietary patented flue gas recirculation system (Polish patent Pat. 243395) for low power solid fuel heating boilers. Aside from the measurement of the mass concentration of the emitted pollutants, the research focused on the measurements of the temperature inside the combustion chamber, the temperature of the flue gas and the level of oxygen in the flue gas. The aim of the research was to confirm the validity of using the flue gas recirculation technique to reduce emissions of harmful substances from biomass heating boilers, as a technique not previously used for this group of devices. Moreover, the aim of the research was to test an original engineering solution, in the form of a flue gas distribution valve, and investigate its effect on reducing NOx emissions and improving other thermal and emission parameters of the boiler. The obtained research results confirm the validity of the chosen actions and provide a positive premise for the practical use of this technology in solid fuel heating boilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil pipeline explosions pose a serious threat to environmental safety. The relevance of this study lies in examining the consequences of such incidents and their impact on the environment. The aim of the research was to assess the scale of the fire and the degree of air pollution by nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide following the pipeline explosion. The research methods included the analysis of satellite images using the normalized difference vegetation index, the normalized burn ratio, and the differenced normalized burn ratio, followed by the detection of burned areas using the thresholding method. The application of advanced Earth remote sensing methods, such as data from the Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-5P satellites, allowed for the analysis of the consequences of the oil pipeline explosion and the subsequent fire that occurred on 30.09.2023, near the Strymba Village in the Nadvirna District of Ivano-Frankivsk Region. Additionally, an analysis of harmful substance emissions into the air, obtained from the Sentinel-5P satellite, was conducted, followed by visualisation using the Python programming language and statistical analysis. The results obtained include the calculation of the fire area, which is approximately 2.5 ha, and the detection of elevated levels of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide above the norm following the fire. Methods for converting concentration units obtained from satellite observations to ground-level concentrations were used. The validation of the obtained results with surface measurements confirms the study's findings regarding nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide pollution. After the fire, concentrations ranged from 0.46 to 0.58 ml/m³ for nitrogen dioxide and 9.86 ml/m³ for carbon monoxide. These research results are important for identifying small fires resulting from pipeline explosions and for the practical understanding of the specifics of harmful substance emissions during such fires [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study compared the effect of five different adsorbents (activated clay, activated carbon, attapulgite clay, bentonite, diatomite) on the levels of nutrients, harmful substance retention, and decolorization in rice bran oil. Among the adsorbents tested, activated carbon displayed the highest decolorization efficiency (82.90%) and adsorption effect on 3,4-benzopyrene (BaP, 89.53%) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester (41.55%), whereas activated clay had the highest oryzanol retention percentages (85.98%) and affordability. Activated carbon and activated clay were therefore selected as composite decolorizing agents. Based on single-factor and Box–Behnken response surface tests, the optimal conditions for decolorization efficiency (97.08%), oryzanol retention (89.62%), sterol retention (90.16%), vitamin E retention (79.91%), and benzo(a)pyrene adsorption percentages (95.98%) were determined to be achieved by using a 5% (w/w) composite decolorant (activated clay: activated carbon=5:1), at a temperature of 116℃, with an incubation time of 33 min. This study provides evidence to support the efficacy of compound decolorants, which may have practical use in large-scale industrial applications of edible oil decolorization during refinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of harmful substances in the air is an important parameter of the working conditions of foundry workers. Due to the peculiarities of the technology, there are many sources of intense dust emission in the foundry. The distribution of dust concentrations in the atmosphere of the workshops was determined from the equation of the dust balance in the workshop room. The possibility of obtaining by calculation an objective picture of the distribution of dust in various sections of foundries is shown. Data from various studies were used to determine the density and dust at various sites of foundries. The results of the theoretical calculations show that in foundries, dust capture is an effective means of reducing the dustiness of the air of working areas.

The object of research is the hygienic characteristics of harmful substances that pollute the air during contact butt welding with continuous and pulsating melting. The task to be solved is the lack of such information for devising appropriate measures to protect operators of contact welding of railroad rails. A description of the methods of researching the chemical composition of welding aerosols and gases, the dispersed composition of nano-sized fractions of aerosols and assessing their impact on the body of welders is given. It was established that contact butt welding by melting P65 rails is accompanied by the release of harmful substances into the air of the working zone in the form of aerosols at the nano range level, which are characterized by high biological activity. The research results showed that during continuous melting, the intensity of welding aerosol release is lower than during pulsating melting. It is shown that the toxicity of the aerosol during contact welding belongs to the moderately dangerous class. It was established that during contact butt welding by melting, an aerosol is formed, the composition of which contains nano-sized components of manganese and iron in concentrations that exceed the calculated approximately safe levels of human exposure. In the aerosol sample, particles ranging in size from 70.8 to 1071.8 nm were detected, and the average aerodynamic diameter of the aerosol particles was 295.2 nm. The studies have shown that melting butt welding is accompanied by the formation of such toxic gases as nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide in concentrations that exceed the maximum permissible. The results of a comprehensive hygienic assessment of aerosols during contact butt fusion welding provided comprehensive information about the level of harmful effects of these aerosols on the body of welders [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern technologies for manufacturing cores and molds using cold-hardening mixtures are considered. The results of studies of the content of harmful substances in the air of the working area during the manufacture of cores and molds by various processes (NO-WAX, Alpha-set, Beta-set, COLD-BOX-AMINE, EPOXY-SO2 process, RESOL-CO2) and pouring molds and cores with liquid metal are presented. It is noted that a complex of harmful substances is fixed in the air, the composition of which depends on the processes used to obtain cores and molds, binding materials, metal poured into molds, and the nature of production. It is established that in order to ensure safe working conditions for workers in the organization of production, it is necessary to take into account the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the substances used and the conditions of a particular production.

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wildland Fire Science is the property of Journal of Wildland Fire Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to develop nutritious and healthy Sichuan hotpot oil. Four blended oil formulas were formulated using MATLAB based on the fatty acid composition of four base constituents (beef tallow, mutton tallow, peanut oil, and palm oil). The sensory characteristics, physicochemical properties, nutritional composition, harmful substances, and antioxidant capacity of the oils were analyzed during the boiling process. A blend of 60% beef tallow + 10% mutton tallow + 10% peanut oil + 20% palm oil exhibited a low level of peroxide (0.03 g/100 g) and malondialdehyde (0.04 mg/kg), and high phytosterol content (1028.33 mg/kg), which was the suitable hotpot blending oil. Furthermore, the changes in the physicochemical properties during boring were low, with a high retention rate of phytosterol (94.85%), and the levels of 3,4-benzopyrene (1.12 μg/kg) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester (0.67 mg/kg) were both lower than the recommended limits. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the advancement of the hotpot oil industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper discusses the results of investigations of the change in thermal and emission-related parameters of a heating boiler fueled with biomass after a modification with a proprietary flue gas recirculation system made for this type of equipment. The results provide insight into the combustion process with a multistage flue gas recirculation that materially affected the boiler operation: a reduction in the mass concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by reducing the combustion temperature. The authors also observed a reduction in the emission of particulate matters (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO). For the investigations, the authors used a heating boiler fitted with an automatic fuel feed (timber pellets) and a proprietary patented flue gas recirculation system (Polish patent Pat. 243395) for low power solid fuel heating boilers. Aside from the measurement of the mass concentration of the emitted pollutants, the research focused on the measurements of the temperature inside the combustion chamber, the temperature of the flue gas and the level of oxygen in the flue gas. The aim of the research was to confirm the validity of using the flue gas recirculation technique to reduce emissions of harmful substances from biomass heating boilers, as a technique not previously used for this group of devices. Moreover, the aim of the research was to test an original engineering solution, in the form of a flue gas distribution valve, and investigate its effect on reducing NOx emissions and improving other thermal and emission parameters of the boiler. The obtained research results confirm the validity of the chosen actions and provide a positive premise for the practical use of this technology in solid fuel heating boilers.

The work solves conjugated problems of a stationary and non-stationary nature for the processes of transfer and diffusion of harmful substances into the atmosphere emitted by industrial facilities to protect the ecology and environment from man-made factors. When mathematically modelling mass transfer in air, absorption coefficients were considered depending on climatic conditions and external disturbances, as well as adhesion coefficients of aerosol particles with vegetation and other weather and climatic factors. Analytical solutions and dual functionality were obtained, and solutions have been developed to optimize the location of industrial facilities in the region from the perspective of economic development and environmental protection. Numerical calculations have shown that the efficiency of particle capture by vegetation is a key factor depending on the type and size of vegetation and varying throughout the year. Experiments have confirmed that the concentration of harmful substances in the ground layer of the atmosphere decreases with increasing coefficients of absorption and capture of particles by vegetation. Computational experiments carried out on a computer have established that with an increase in the diffusion coefficient, the zone of distribution of pollutants expands.

The working conditions of metal fillers, production factors, determining them are considered. The results of the parameters study of metal fillers’ working conditions compared to the standard values are given.

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article provides time standards and calculation methods for the purpose of studying air pollution from industrial facilities. Calculations of technological equipment and the efficiency of the dust and gas treatment plant. The results of inventory, regulation of emissions of pollutants entering the atmosphere are considered. Questions on the study of equipment for cleaning dust - gas, methods for improving and improving the efficiency of the equipment are highlighted. The methods for determining the composition and quantity of pollutants in the off - gas flows are given: theoretical (balance), computational and analytical (experimental), and reporting and static. The procedure for conducting an inventory of sources of emissions on the territory of the enterprise, the number and composition of emissions of pollutants. Analyses of harmful substances entering the atmosphere from the production of asphalt concrete, measures to improve the efficiency of dust and gas treatment plants were performed. The process of asphalt mixing and production capacity of the enterprise are studied Samarkand asphalt concrete production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to obtain a rice bran blended oil with good quality in deep frying. The thermal stability, nutrients and harmful substances of rice bran oil (RBO) and other four oils (palm oil, PO; cottonseed oil, CO; sunflower oil, SuO; soybean oil, SO) were analyzed. Besides, the blended oil formulas were established by the principal component analysis method, and their physicochemical properties, frying characteristic indicators, nutrients, and harmful substances were compared. The results provided that two suitable blended oil formulas (F1: 50% RBO + 40% PO + 10% CO; F2: 60% RBO + 35% PO + 5% CO) of good frying performance were attained by principal component analysis. The acid value (1.19 mg/g), peroxide value (0.09 meq/kg), residual oil rate (8.07%), 3-MCPD ester reduction content (2.33 mg/kg), benzopyrene concentration content (0.95 μg/kg) and vitamin E consumption rate (67.86%) in F2 were lower than that in F1. Moreover, the oryzanol retention rate (87.84%) of F2 was higher than that of F1. In summary, F2 was more conducive to human health and more suitable than F1 in deep-frying. This information had an important directive on the industrial production of rice bran blend oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming and heavy metals have become the major threat to the growth and reproduction of corals. However, unlike scleractinian corals, in the context of widespread coral degradation worldwide, there are few reports on the response of octocorallia corals to high-temperature stress and heavy metals. In the present study, we conducted indoor simulation experiments using Junceella squamata. We evaluated the physiological response of these corals under high-temperature stress at 33 °C and cadmium (Cd) stress by comparing the composition and diversity of their symbiotic bacteria and analyzing differences in their transcriptome. The results show that high-temperature stress has more severe adverse effects than cadmium stress. High-temperature stress disrupts coral symbiotic relationships, leading to an increase in alpha diversity associated with disease-causing bacteria, which may increase the risk of infection and potentially contribute to coral mortality. Meanwhile, cadmium stress increases the instability of the coral holobiont, potentially disrupting DNA stability and RNA transcriptional regulation. However, an increase in Cd-tolerant bacteria may help corals respond to cadmium stress. This study reveals the effects of harmful substances on coral and highlights the urgent need for action to protect octocorals in the face of environmental stress., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coatings & Protection / Tuceng yu Fanghu is the property of Coating & Protection Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The classification of production factors of working conditions at the workplaces of the main equipment used in the foundry is given. This classification is developed on the basis of the results of the conducted research and based on the materials given in the domestic and foreign literature.This allows us to evaluate the technological processes and equipment used in the design and reconstruction of foundries (sections) to ensure the most favorable working conditions.

The working conditions of a coremaker, production factors, determining them are considered. The results of the parameters study of the coremaker working conditions compared to the standard values are given

Tocopherols and phytosterols are generally considered to be nutritionally beneficial, and 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPD esters), glycidyl esters (GEs) and trans fatty acids (TFAs) are generally considered to be harmful. The high temperature deodorization step is when these harmful 3-MCPD esters, GEs and TFAs are generated. Knowing how deodorization conditions affect levels of these substances is essential for designing refining processes that will produce nutritious, high quality edible oils. This study analyzed the changes of these components of sunflower oil at different temperatures (210, 230, 250 and 270°C) and times (60, 80, 100 and 120 min) during deodorization. Our research found that during the whole deodorization process (including undeodorized sunflower oil), the contents of 3-MCPD esters, GEs and TFAs all progressively increased, from 0.47 to 11.18 mg/kg, 0.24 to 18.42 mg/kg and 0.062% to 0.698%, respectively. However, the deodorization process significantly decreased the levels of tocopherols (from 535.94 to 240.26 mg/kg) and phytosterols (from 2803.58 to 1864.34 mg/kg). Meanwhile, the retention ratios of total tocopherols and total phytosterols also decreased from 96.29% to 44.83% and 92.29% to 66.50%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The results of the study of working conditions in aluminum casting shops worksites are presented. The results of these studies showed that in worksites there are exceedance of the permissible limits for noise, vibration, the content of harmful substances in the working environment, intensity of infrared (thermal) radiation and air temperature. There is effect of electromagnetic radiation on the workers during the service of induction furnaces. In addition, the main harmful production factors include the severity of work and the intensity of the labor process. The efficiency of the protective screens of the IAT-6 induction crucible furnace was evaluated.

Copyright of Coatings & Protection / Tuceng yu Fanghu is the property of Coating & Protection Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)