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Objective Myopericytoma (MP) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm infrequently arising in the oral cavity. We aimed to clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of oral MP based on histologic and immunohistochemical findings. Methods We reviewed myogenic neoplasms in our archives and selected 6 cases of MP. Immunostainings were performed using antibodies for smooth muscle actin (SMA), calponin, h-Caldesmon, muscle-specific actin (MSA), desmin, and type IV collagen antibody. Results Our patients were predominantly female, and the mean age and size were 57.5 years and 10.8 mm, respectively. Histologically, 3 of 6 cases were well circumscribed but others showed ill-defined borders. Three cases were classic but others were angioleiomatous and myofibromatous cases with a mostly fascicular pattern. Myxoid change appeared in 2 cases. Hyalinized nodules (vascular balls) were found in both classic and nonclassic types. Only one case partially comprised small round cells mimicking glomus cells, but these lacked peculiar type IV collagen expression. Two angioleiomatous cases harbored dilated blood vessels. Two cases partially showed a staghorn and indistinct biphasic pattern but a myofibromatous type demonstrated neither. Immunohistochemically, all cases that tested were positive or focally positive for SMA, MSA, and calponin but negative tumor cells were noted in part. However, h-Caldesmon was only detected in 2 out of 5 cases examined. Desmin was constant-negative except for 1 classic case with focally positive reaction. Conclusion Oral MPs are morphologically and phenotypically heterogeneous neoplasms that can sometimes mimic angioleiomyoma or glomangioma. It is necessary to recognize the presence of cases showing varied myogenic natures.

We report a case of intramuscular lipoma of the left buccal region, along with a review of the relevant literature. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a spindle–shaped mass extending from the canine region to the anterior portion of the masseter muscle in the buccal–alveolar portion of the left mandible. The inner part was visualized as homogeneous high–signal intensity on both T1– and T2–weighted images, and a partial linear region with the same signal intensity as muscle was also observed. The removed tumor measured 35×40×15mm in size, and histopathological findings showed an intramuscular lipoma composed of adipose, muscle and connective tissues. Intramuscular lipomas account for 1.7%–2% of all lipomas, and they very rarely occur in the oral and maxillofacial region. Twenty–three cases with intramuscular lipomas in the oral and maxillofacial region, including our case, have been reported in Japan. The postoperative healing process is generally good. We followed–up our patient after explaining to him the importance of careful, long–term follow–up. It has been only 2 months, to date, since surgery but the outcome appears to be good.

Odontogenic keratocysts show a marked tendency toward proliferation or biological activity compared with jawbone cysts, being a disease highly recurrent after extirpation, which has been characterized as a cystic tumor. The WHO tissue classification of odontogenic cysts revised in 2005 states that, of previous odontogenic keratocysts, those whose epithelium histologically becomes parakeratotic are keratocystic odontogenic tumors. We encountered a keratocystic odontogenic tumor that had extensively progressed in the right maxillary sinus of a 17–year–old boy. In diagnostic imaging, an opaque image containing an impacted tooth was detected, which seemed to invade the right maxillary sinus. Then, the tumor in the right maxillary sinus was resected with a radical operation under systemic anesthesia. Histopathological tests showed that the tumor was coated with stratified squamous epithelium presenting with parakeratosis, with no inflammation found in the fibrous connective tissues under the epithelium. Consequently, a keratocystic odontogenic tumor was diagnosed. The postoperative course was favorable, with no recurrence as of 1 year and 8 months after the operation.

Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare odontogenic cyst, classified as a developmental odontogenic cyst by the WHO histological typing of odontogenic tumours in 1992. GOC generally occurs in the mandible and arises in each age. The clinical differential diagnosis of odontogenic tumor and cyst is important however, it is difficult to discriminate between them in clinical and radiographical findings. Thus, pathological searches become an essential step for the definite diagnosis. We report a case of GOC, that primary diagnosis was dentigerous cyst by biopsy, but the definite diagnosis was GOC after total extirpation of cyst. Because of a high recurrence rate of GOC, the patients should be followed for a long term.

Perforation of floor of the dental pulp is often encountered during root canal treatment in routine clinical practice of dental caries. If perforation were large, granulation tissue would grow to form periodontal polyp. Granulation tissue consists of proliferating cells however their origin is not clear. It was shown that the cells in granulation tissue are mainly from migration of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the bone marrow. Hence, this study utilized GFP bone marrow transplantation mouse model. The floor of the pulp chamber in maxillary first molar was perforated using ½ dental round bur. Morphological assessment was carried out by micro CT and microscopy and GFP cell mechanism was further assessed by immunohistochemistry using double fluorescent staining with GFP-S100A4; GFP-Runx2 and GFP-CD31. Results of micro CT revealed alveolar bone resorption and widening of periodontal ligament. Histopathological examination showed proliferation of fibroblasts with some round cells and blood vessels in the granulation tissue. At 2 weeks, the outermost layer of the granulation tissue was lined by squamous cells with distinct intercellular bridges. At 4 weeks, the granulation tissue became larger than the perforation and the outermost layer was lined by relatively typical stratified squamous epithelium. Double immunofluorescent staining of GFP and Runx2 revealed that both proteins were expressed in spindle-shaped cells. Double immunofluorescent staining of GFP and CD31 revealed that both proteins were expressed in vascular endothelial cells in morphologically distinct vessels. The results suggest that fibroblasts, periodontal ligament fibroblasts and blood vessels in granulation tissue were derived from transplanted-bone marrow cells. Thus, essential growth of granulation tissue in periodontal polyp was caused by the migration of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells derived from bone marrow, which differentiated into fibroblasts and later on differentiated into other cells in response to injury., 2016

The expression of Notch in 30 cases of pleomorphic adenoma was examined by immunohistochemistry.Comparing the results of our study with previous literatures, from the partial CK7 expression and substantial Notch expression in ductal epithelial cells as well as the Notch expression in solid tumor nests, it can be inferred that Notch is involved in cell differentiation. CK13 expression was observed in cells undergoing squamous metaplasia and Notch expression was seen in the nucleus of basal and squamous cells. The intense Notch expression in basal cells and weak expression in squamous cells suggests that Notch is involved in the differentiation from basal to squamous cell. Moreover, the loss of nuclear expression on the inner layer would signify that differentiation is about to end or has been terminated. Notch was expressed in the cytoplasm of cartilage cells and in the cell membrane of mucous cells but not in the nucleus indicating that differentiation has been concluded. Notch involvement is suspected in cell differentiation in areas showing ductal structures and squamous metaplasia. In summary, Notch is involved in cell differentiation of ductal cells in PA. Nuclear expression was shown in tumor cells in solid nests and surrounding structures. Moreover, Notch is expressed by basal cells undergoing squamous metaplasia suggesting the participation of Notch in cell differentiation in PA., 2015

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP–IV) was purified to homogeneity from the crude extract of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Isoelectric point and molecular weight of DPP–IV were 6.1 and 66 kDa, respectively. Km value for the appropriate substrate (H–Gly–Pro–pNA) was 0.2₅ mM, and Vmax/Km was 0.₅2. Optimum pH for the activity was found at pH ₇.₅. DPP–IV was considered a serine enzyme.

Formation and some enzymatic properties of a proteinase of Prevotella intermedia ATCC 2₅611 were examined using Azocoll, a solid chromogenic non–specific proteinase substrate. Anaerobic globe box supported better growth of cell and production of proteinase than AnaeroPak. Nearly all proteinase activity was found in the extracellular culture fluid, but not in the cell extract and the envelope. Production of proteinase started immediately after inoculation of the bacteria to the medium and continued until the middle stage of the stationary phase of the growth. Proteinase production was strongly inhibited by addition of glucose or fructose to the medium, moderately by sucrose and weakly by galactose. This proteinase was inactivated entirely by heating at 60℃ for 20 min. Ethyleneglycol bis (β –aminoethyl ether)–N,N,N,N ʼ–tetraacetate (EGTA), Zn2+ and Cu2+ completely inhibited the proteolysis. No effect on the activity was observed by Antipain, SDS, N–tosyl–L–phenylalanyl oromethyl ketone (TPCK), Ca2+ and Mg2+.

Recently, the development of various antibiotics and increasing awareness of oral hygiene have reduced the incidence of serious cellulitis of the cheek, including dental infections. However, some cases invoive serious disease throughout the mediastinal area in elderly patients and those with underlying diseases. This time, we report a case of cellulitis of the cheek due to a bite to the buccal mucosa. The patient was a 10–year–old male. The patient visited hospital and complained of swelling of the left cheek. At the first examination, diffuse redness and swelling accompanied by spontaneous pain and tenderness from the left cheek to surrounding area of the left orbit as well as trismus and swollen lymph nodes in the left submaxillary were noted. A crateriform traumatic ulcer with a diameter of 2.₅ cm and induration likely due to a bite of the left buccal mucosa and accompanied by tenderness were found. CT revealed a high–density region of the buccal fat layer in the left buccal soft tissues as well as extensive and significant swelling and inflammatory reaction. The infusion of antibiotics, draining the abscess through an incision, and the drainage procedure resulted in effective healing of the cellulitis 6 days after admission. Traumatic ulcer and cellulitis may recur due to bite. In addition, for the prevention of adverse habits including teeth grinding and clenching, as well as mental factors due to mental tension and frustration, it is very important to not only undergo dental or oral surgical treatments, but also to consult a psychotherapist or psychiatrist.

要介護者の口腔粘膜にみられる付着物は，痰，痂皮，剥離上皮と呼ばれているが，上皮成分を主体とした付着物を剥離上皮膜と定義づけ，本研究にて，要介護高齢者の口腔内に形成された剥離上皮膜を部位別に形成要因を検討した。調査対象者は，入院中の患者のうち65 歳以上の要介護高齢者70 名であった（81.1±7.7 歳）。入院記録より年齢，疾患，常用薬，寝たきり度を調査し，意識レベル，発語の可否，介助磨きの頻度は担当看護師から聴取した。歯科医師が口腔内診査を行い，膜状物質の形成の有無，Gingival Index などを評価した。形成された膜状物質は，歯科医師がピンセットで採取した。粘膜保湿度（舌背部，舌下粘膜）は，粘膜湿潤度試験紙（キソウエット®）により10秒法で評価した。採取された膜状物質は，通法に従ってパラフィン切片を作製し，HE 染色とサイトケラチン1 による免疫染色で重層扁平上皮か否かについて確認し，重層扁平上皮由来の角質変性物が認められたものを剥離上皮膜と判断した。剥離上皮膜形成の有無を従属変数として，患者背景・口腔内の14 項目，疾患の15 項目，常用薬の32項目，合計61項目を独立変数として部位ごとで決定木分析を行った。すべての部位で剥離上皮膜の形成に最優先される要因は「摂食状況」であり，経口摂取者には，剥離上皮膜がみられなかった。第2 位は舌背部で舌背湿潤度，頰部で開口，歯面の第3 位が開口であり，口腔粘膜の乾燥を示唆する結果であった。以上，剥離上皮膜の形成要因には口腔乾燥があり，保湿の維持が剥離上皮膜の予防につながると考えられた。

Objective: To determine the causative factor behind the formation of membranous substances in the mouths of elderly patients requiring nursing care. Background: Membranous substances are sometimes observed in the mouths of elderly persons requiring nursing care, and these can lead to bleeding, infection and asphyxiation. Materials and methods: In April 2007, samples were collected from 70 patients at C Hospital, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, who were 65 years or older (median age, 81.1 ± 7.7 years). Sixteen of the subjects were confirmed to have a membranous substance containing a keratin degeneration product that had been derived from stratified squamous epithelium. The samples were examined microscopically, and the presence of epithelial components was confirmed through immunohistochemical staining with anticytokeratin- 1 antibodies. Results: Decision tree analysis and logistic regression suggest that the leading contributors to the formation of the membranous substances were the method of ingesting nutrients, dryness of the tongue dorsum and open mouth. These three factors are related to elderly persons requiring nursing care with impaired oral cavity function, and it was suggested that dryness of the oral mucosa was the major factor behind the membrane formation., 2013

Formation, cellular locations, isolation and enzymatic properties of PTP of Porphyromonasgingivalis, an anaerobic periodontal pathogen were investigated. Almost all activities of this enzyme were detected in the de extract of the cell, but the other bacterial fractions such as culture fluids, envelopes and vesicles were not found to contain PTP. PTP was purified from the crude extract prepared by sonication and centrifugation through five steps including concentration, ion exchange hromatography, gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and isoelectric focusing to homogeneity. The enzyme was a serine enzyme since it was inhibited strongly by Pefabloc SC, propylfluorophosphate and 3,4–dichloroisocoumarin. It hydrolyzed H–Ala–Ala–Pro–pNA and H–Ala–Phe–Pro–pNA. The molecular mass was determined as 45 kDa and isoelectric point was 5.₇. Optimum pH was moderately broad, and maximum activity was observed in the range of pH ₇.0 to 9.0. The residual activity after heating at 50℃ for 5 min was 29%, but heating at 60℃ resultedin complete loss of the activity.

We evaluated the stability of RNA stored in liquid–based cytology (LBC) medium for long periods. Specimens were taken from the five volunteers using LBC preparation methods. Experimental samples were preserved at one day, three days, seven days, one month, two months and three months in the medium at room temperature. The RNA was routinely extracted from each specimen, and amplified using human β–actin after reverse transcription method. In all cases, 186 bp β–actin bands were successfully detected until seventh days. However, the detection of RNA was impossible in some cases of one–month, two–month and three–month groups. These results suggest that the LBC method is superior in the preservation of RNA.

歯周病原菌の一つである偏性嫌気性グラム陰性桿菌Prevotella intermedia ATCC２５６１１株の培養上清中のタンパク分解酵素を硫酸アンモニウム塩析，イオン交換クロマトグラフィー，セファクリルゲル濾過で部分精製し，その酵素学的性状を調べた．タンパク分解活性はアゾ色素結合コラーゲン（アゾコル）を用いた．レマゾ－ルブリアントブルー結合ハイドパウダーの分解も見られたが，その活性はアゾコルに対して約５０％であった．また，フィブリン溶解とカゼイン分解活性も認められた．分子量はゲル濾過法で２８kDa と算定され，本酵素はセリン酵素阻害剤と金属キレーターで強く阻害されたが，システイン酵素の阻害剤および還元剤による影響はなかったので，メタロ・セリン酵素に分類される．反応の至適pH は７．０～７．５にあり，酵素の５０％失活に要する時間は，５０℃加熱で２５分を要したが，６０℃では５分であった．P. intermedia のペプチダーゼについての報告はかなりなされているが，無論ぺプチダーゼはタンパク質に直接作用するのではなく，ペプチダーゼが働くにはタンパク質からのペプチドの蓄積が必要である．しかし，それを供給する本菌のタンパク分解酵素についての知見はまだ不十分であり，さらに詳しい性状把握ががなされるべきである．我々も今後，このレポートで扱ったタンパク分解酵素の，完全精製と合成基質の探索をし，より詳細な研究を推進する必要があると考える．