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CsPbBr3 all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been extensively investigated due to their remarkable stability. However, their limited film quality and wide bandgap result in a low photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). In this study, BiI3 was incorporated into CsPbBr3 films to synergistically enhance light absorption and film quality. It was found that the partial substitution of Pb2+ and Br− with Bi3+ and I− in CsPbBr3 improved film quality, enhanced light absorption, and facilitated charge transfer and extraction. The device incorporating BiI3-incorporated CsPbBr3 as a light absorbing layer achieved an efficiency of 9.54%, exhibiting a significant enhancement of 19.4% compared to the undoped device. This work provides a new incorporating strategy that collaboratively improves light absorption and film quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is an ancient crop with a world-wide distribution. Due to its excellent nutritional quality and high economic and ecological value, common buckwheat is becoming increasingly important throughout the world. The availability of a high-quality reference genome sequence and population genomic data will accelerate the breeding of common buckwheat, but the high heterozygosity due to the outcrossing nature has greatly hindered the genome assembly. Here we report the assembly of a chromosome-scale high-quality reference genome of F. esculentum var. homotropicum , a homozygous self-pollinating variant of common buckwheat. Comparative genomics revealed that two cultivated buckwheat species, common buckwheat (F. esculentum) and Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum), underwent metabolomic divergence and ecotype differentiation. The expansion of several gene families in common buckwheat, including FhFAR genes, is associated with its wider distribution than Tartary buckwheat. Copy number variation of genes involved in the metabolism of flavonoids is associated with the difference of rutin content between common and Tartary buckwheat. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive atlas of genomic variation based on whole-genome resequencing of 572 accessions of common buckwheat. Population and evolutionary genomics reveal genetic variation associated with environmental adaptability and floral development between Chinese and non-Chinese cultivated groups. Genome-wide association analyses of multi-year agronomic traits with the content of flavonoids revealed that Fh05G014970 is a potential major regulator of flowering period, a key agronomic trait controlling the yield of outcrossing crops, and that Fh06G015130 is a crucial gene underlying flavor-associated flavonoids. Intriguingly, we found that the gene translocation and sequence variation of FhS-ELF3 contribute to the homomorphic self-compatibility of common buckwheat. Collectively, our results elucidate the genetic basis of speciation, ecological adaptation, fertility, and unique flavor of common buckwheat, and provide new resources for future genomics-assisted breeding of this economically important crop. Despite the high ecological and economic value of common buckwheat, the availability of high-quality genomic resources is limited for this important crop. In this study, whole-genome sequencing and population genomics approaches were used to unravel the genetic basis of varied flavor-associated flavonoid content and flower morphology. The results provide insights into the evolutionary history of buckwheat species and will accelerate the genetic gain for important agronomic and nutritional quality traits by facilitating genomics-assisted breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhizoctonia solani is a devastating soil-borne pathogen that seriously threatens the cultivation of economically important crops. Multiple strains with a very broad host range have been identified, but only 1 (AG1-IA, which causes rice sheath blight disease) has been examined in detail. Here, we analyzed AG4-HGI 3 originally isolated from Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), but with a host range comparable to AG1-IA. Genome comparison reveals abundant pathogenicity genes in this strain. We used multiomic approaches to improve the efficiency of screening for disease resistance genes. Transcriptomes of the plant–fungi interaction identified differentially expressed genes associated with virulence in Rhizoctonia and resistance in Tartary buckwheat. Integration with jasmonate-mediated transcriptome and metabolome changes revealed a negative regulator of jasmonate signaling, cytochrome P450 (FtCYP94C1), as increasing disease resistance probably via accumulation of resistance-related flavonoids. The integration of resistance data for 320 Tartary buckwheat accessions identified a gene homolog to aspartic proteinase (FtASP), with peak expression following R. solani inoculation. FtASP exhibits no proteinase activity but functions as an antibacterial peptide that slows fungal growth. This work reveals a potential mechanism behind pathogen virulence and host resistance, which should accelerate the molecular breeding of resistant varieties in economically essential crops. Multiomic association analysis dissects the genetic basis of the virulence mechanism in Rhizoctonia solani and the jasmonic acid–mediated resistance against R. solani in Tartary buckwheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Crop domestication usually leads to the narrowing genetic diversity. However, human selection mainly focuses on visible traits, such as yield and plant morphology, with most metabolic changes being invisible to the naked eye. Buckwheat accumulates abundant bioactive substances, making it a dual‐purpose crop with excellent nutritional and medical value. Therefore, examining the wiring of these invisible metabolites during domestication is of major importance. The comprehensive profiling of 200 Tartary buckwheat accessions exhibits 540 metabolites modified as a consequence of human selection. Metabolic genome‐wide association study illustrates 384 mGWAS signals for 336 metabolites are under selection. Further analysis showed that an R2R3‐MYB transcription factor FtMYB43 positively regulates the synthesis of procyanidin. Glycoside hydrolase gene FtSAGH1 is characterized as responsible for the release of active salicylic acid, the precursor of aspirin and indispensably in plant defence. UDP‐glucosyltransferase gene FtUGT74L2 is characterized as involved in the glycosylation of emodin, a major medicinal component specific in Polygonaceae. The lower expression of FtSAGH1 and FtUGT74L2 were associated with the reduction of salicylic acid and soluble EmG owing to domestication. This first large‐scale metabolome profiling in Tartary buckwheat will facilitate genetic improvement of medicinal properties and disease resistance in Tartary buckwheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Golden buckwheat (Fagopyrum dibotrys or Fagopyrum cymosum) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) belong to the Polygonaceae and the Fagopyrum genus is rich in flavonoids. Golden buckwheat is a wild relative of Tartary buckwheat, yet golden buckwheat is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and Tartary buckwheat is a food crop. The genetic basis of adaptive divergence between these two buckwheats is poorly understood.Here, we assembled a high‐quality chromosome‐level genome of golden buckwheat and found a one‐to‐one syntenic relationship with the chromosomes of Tartary buckwheat. Two large inversions were identified that differentiate golden buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat.Metabolomic and genetic comparisons of golden buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat indicate an amplified copy number of FdCHI, FdF3H, FdDFR, and FdLAR gene families in golden buckwheat, and a parallel increase in medicinal flavonoid content. Resequencing of 34 wild golden buckwheat accessions across the two morphologically distinct ecotypes identified candidate genes, including FdMYB44 and FdCRF4, putatively involved in flavonoid accumulation and differentiation of plant architecture, respectively.Our comparative genomic study provides abundant genomic resources of genomic divergent variation to improve buckwheat with excellent nutritional and medicinal value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to review the valuable lower limb biomechanical contribution to table tennis topspin forehand. Databases included Scopus, PubMed, and Web of science. In this case, 19 articles were selected for the systematic review. The mechanics of the plantar, lower limb joints kinematics and kinetics, muscle activity, and racket-joint relationship are described through gender, performance level, and footwork. The study found that the hip movement characteristics and the hip muscle group activity following a proximal-to-distal sequence strategy significantly contributed to the maximum acceleration of the racket. Optimizing the motion strategy of the ankle and plantar as well as the ankle muscle group activity is beneficial for the transmission of energy in the kinetic chain. Muscle groups around the ankle and subtalar joints are heavily activated during landing to maintain foot stability during the landing phase. Lower limb muscle development plays an important role in movement control and stability as well as sports injury prevention in table tennis footwork during the performance of the topspin forehand. Furthermore, physical development levels and anatomical differences (such as hip and lower trunk muscle strength differences), maybe the main reasons for gender differences observed during the topspin forehand. Systematically summarizing this valuable information can contribute to athletes' and coaches' knowledge to enhance topspin forehand performance and training regimes. We suggest that future research could consider the joint contact forces, ball movement, and ball-racket impact during a performance of topspin forehand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact phased array with extended beam steering characteristics for the millimeter-waveband of the fifth-generation (5G) applications is presented in this communication. An E-shaped patch antenna placed on an electromagnetic bandgap ground (EBGG) with operating bandwidth of 24.2–27.5 GHz is used as the basic building block of the eight-element linear array. The array utilizes both the in-phase reflection characteristic for broad element radiation pattern and the bandgap characteristic for mutual coupling reduction for limited inter-element spacing of the proposed array. The existence of the EBGG enables a compact array with the inter-element spacing of around 0.4 wavelengths at the center frequency, yet the isolation between each element is still above 17 dB within the whole band of interest, which also helps to increase the array directivity at large scanning angles. The scanning angle of the array with the electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure ranges from −75° to 75° at 26 GHz within 3 dB scanning loss. The proposed EBGG extends the antenna array’s spatial coverage and enables a compact size of the array, which is very attractive for 5G millimeter-wave (mm-wave) application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conductive polymers, integral to advancements in wearable devices, energy storage, healthcare and more, are crafted by integrating polymers with conductive elements like carbon substances, metals, and their particles. Drawing inspiration from natural water movement, this study introduces a method for crafting high-performance conductive composite films. This technique involves regulating the microstructure space of GaIn-based polymers under the mechanical pressure, where the fluid metal improves the internal microstructure gaps of the material. The presence of hydroxyl/carboxyl groups within the polymer enables the bonding with Ga3+ ions from the liquid metal (LM), securing them in place. This innovative process significantly boosts the material's electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as its mechanical integrity. This methodology has been successfully applied to enhance the attributes of GaIn-based composite films, utilizing nanocellulose fibers, chitosan nanofibers, and Kevlar-29 fibers as foundational materials. To demonstrate the method's effectiveness, a durable, highly thermally and electrically conductive GaIn-based MXene/nanocellulose composite film was developed and investigated in detail. This film showcased remarkable electromagnetic shielding with a high SSE/t value of 7718.91 dB cm2 g−1, and its performance mechanism was detailed through finite element analysis. Notably, the inclusion of GaIn endowed the film with excellent opto-electro-thermal conversion and heat-responsive deformation capabilities, highlighting its suitability for smart applications. Therefore, this research establishes a versatile approach for designing conductive films by merging liquid metal with polymers, potentially setting the stage for the creation of highly conductive composites in future. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Buckwheat accumulates abundant flavonoids, which exhibit excellent health‐promoting value. Flavonoids biosynthesis is mediated by a variety of phytohormones, among which jasmonates (JAs) induce numerous transcription factors, taking part in regulation of flavonoids biosynthesis genes. However, some transcriptional repressors appeared also induced by JAs. How these transcriptional repressors coordinately participate in JA signaling remains unclear. Here, we found that the disruption of the GCC‐box in FtF3H promoter was associated with flavonoids accumulation in Tartary buckwheat. Further, our study illustrated that the nucleus‐localized FtERF‐EAR3 could inhibit FtF3H expression and flavonoids biosynthesis through binding the GCC‐box in the promoter of FtF3H. The JA induced FtERF‐EAR3 gene expression while facilitating FtERF‐EAR3 protein degradation via the FtBPM3‐dependent 26S proteasome pathway. Overall, these results illustrate a precise modulation mechanism of JA‐responsive transcription suppressor participating in flavonoid biosynthesis, and will further help to improve the efficiency of flavonoids biosynthesis in Tartary buckwheat. Significance Statement: The JA‐stabilized FtBPM3 could facilitate the degradation of the transcription repressor FtERF‐EAR3, alleviating the binding of FtERF‐EAR3 to the GCC‐box in the promoter of FtF3H, thus promoting flavonoids biosynthesis in Tartary buckwheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Underutilized crops are, by definition, under‐researched compared to staple crops yet come with traits that may be especially important given climate change and the need to feed a globally increasing population. These crops are often stress‐tolerant, and this combined with unique and beneficial nutritional profiles. Whilst progress is being made by generating reference genome sequences, in this Tansley Review, we show how this is only the very first step. We advocate that going 'beyond a reference genome' should be a priority, as it is only at this stage one can identify the specific genes and the adaptive alleles that underpin the valuable traits. We sum up how population genomic and pangenomic approaches have led to the identification of stress‐ and disease‐tolerant alleles in staple crops and compare this to the small number of examples from underutilized crops. We also demonstrate how previously underutilized crops have benefitted from genomic advances and that many breeding targets in underutilized crops are often well studied in staple crops. This cross‐crop population‐level resequencing could lead to an understanding of the genetic basis of adaptive traits in underutilized crops. This level of investment may be crucial for fully understanding the value of these crops before they are lost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed aging is the gradual decline in seed vigor, during which programmed cell death (PCD) occurs. The functions of nitric oxide (NO) are exerted through protein S -nitrosylation, a reversible post-translational modification. During seed aging, more than 80 proteins are S -nitrosylated, but the particular role of individual proteins is unknown. Here, we showed that the S -nitrosylation level of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (UpGAPDH) in elm (Ulmus pumila L.) seeds increased after controlled deterioration treatment. UpGAPDH was S -nitrosylated at Cys154 during S -nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) treatment, and its oligomerization was triggered both in vitro and in elm seeds. Interestingly, UpGAPDH interacted with the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel in an S -nitrosylation-dependent way. Some UpGAPDH–green fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis protoplasts co-localized with mitochondria during the GSNO treatment, while the S -nitrosylation-defective UpGAPDH C154S–GFP protein did not. Seeds of oxUpGAPDH lines showed cell death and lost seed vigor rapidly during controlled deterioration treatment-triggered seed aging, while those overexpressing S -nitrosylation-defective UpGAPDH-Cys154 did not. Our results suggest that S -nitrosylation of UpGAPDH may accelerate cell death and seed deterioration during controlled deterioration treatment. These results provide new insights into the effects of UpGAPDH S -nitrosylation on protein interactions and seed aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Approximately 2– 7% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer harbor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement events. Of note, typical ALK actionable rearrangements are sensitive to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, different types of ALK fusion influence the clinical outcomes of this therapeutic approach. Approximately 10– 40% of patients with ALK-fusion positive non-small cell lung cancer do not response to ALK-TKI therapy. Therefore, it is important to accurately identify the types of ALK rearrangement for appropriate selection of clinical treatment. Case Report: Using a DNA-targeted next-generation sequencing technique, we found a novel solute carrier family 8 member A1 (SLC8A1)-ALK fusion type in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma. Further reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing demonstrated the rearrangement as a B-cell CLL/lymphoma 11A (BCL11A)-ALK fusion at the transcriptional level. The patient showed a rapid and strong response to treatment with crizotinib, which lasted for 9 months. The patient also responded well to treatment with alectinib after developed resistance to crizotinib. Conclusion: A strategy combining DNA-targeted next-generation sequencing with RNA reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, besides fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, may provide an effective and practical solution for correct identification of partner genes and fusion structures in the diagnosis of ALK rearrangements, particularly for non-canonical expression patterns of ALK fusion events. The combined approach may lead to more benefits for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ubiquitin proteasome system is a key pathway, regulating targeted proteins degradation. A critical step is regulated by E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitates the transfer of ubiquitin moieties to substrate proteins, leading proteins degradation via 26S proteasome. However, the number of known ubiquitin dependent processes is still relatively small. Since some stress-related transcription factors are usually essential under stress conditions, while playing negative roles during normal growth, hence their protein levels need to be precisely regulated. However, the mechanism of ubiquitin pathway, regulating transcription factors stability has not been yet summarized. In this review, we attempted to outline the mechanism of E3 ligases dependent transcription factors degradation and discuss the comprehensive role of E3 ligases in phytohormone signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Rutin, a flavonoid rich in buckwheat, is important for human health and plant resistance to external stresses. The hydrolysis of rutin to quercetin underlies the bitter taste of Tartary buckwheat. In order to identify rutin hydrolysis genes, a 200 genotypes mini‐core Tartary buckwheat germplasm resource was re‐sequenced with 30‐fold coverage depth. By combining the content of the intermediate metabolites of rutin metabolism with genome resequencing data, metabolite genome‐wide association analyses (GWAS) eventually identified a glycosyl hydrolase gene FtGH1, which could hydrolyse rutin to quercetin. This function was validated both in Tartary buckwheat overexpression hairy roots and in vitro enzyme activity assays. Mutation of the two key active sites, which were determined by molecular docking and experimentally verified via overexpression in hairy roots and transient expression in tobacco leaves, exhibited abnormal subcellular localization, suggesting functional changes. Sequence analysis revealed that mutation of the FtGH1 promoter in accessions of two haplotypes might be necessary for enzymatic activity. Co‐expression analysis and GWAS revealed that FtbHLH165 not only repressed FtGH1 expression, but also increased seed length. This work reveals a potential mechanism behind rutin metabolism, which should provide both theoretical support in the study of flavonoid metabolism and in the molecular breeding of Tartary buckwheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful dental implants rely on stable osseointegration and soft-tissue integration. Titania nanotubes (TNTs) with a diameter of 100 nm could increase the mesenchymal stem cell response and simultaneously decrease Staphylococcus aureus adhesion. However, the interactions between the modified surface and surrounding soft tissues are still unknown. In the present study, we fully investigated the biological behavior of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). TNTs were synthesized on titanium (Ti) surfaces by electrochemical anodization at 10, 30, and 60 V, and the products were denoted as NT10, NT30, and NT60, respectively. NT10 (diameter: 30 nm) and NT30 (diameter: 100 nm) could enhance the HGF functions, such as cell attachment and proliferation and extracellular matrix- (ECM-) related gene expressions, with the latter showing higher enhancement. NT60 (diameter: 200 nm) clearly impaired cell adhesion and proliferation and ECM-related gene expressions. Bacterial adhesion on the TNTs decreased and reached the lowest value on NT30. Therefore, NT30 without pharmaceuticals can be used to substantially enhance the HGF response and reduce P. gingivalis adhesion to the utmost, thus demonstrating significant potential in the transgingival part of dental implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High fat diet impact transcription of hepatic genes responsible for drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Until now, researches just focused on a couple specific genes without a global profile showing. Age-dependent manner was also not noted well. This study aims to investigate the high fat diet effect on transcriptome of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic system in mouse livers and show the age-dependent evidence. Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were used in this experiment. High fat diet was used to treat mice for 16 and 38 weeks. Serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminaselevels were measured. Meanwhile, Histology, RNA-Seq, RT-PCR analysis and fourteen major hepatic bile acids quantification were performed for the liver tissues. Data was mined at levels of genes, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic sysem, and genome wide. Results: Treatment with high fat diet for 38 weeks significantly increased levels of serum lipids as well as aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. Meanwhile, lipid accumulation in livers was observed. At week 38 of the experiment, the profile of 612 genes involved in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics was significantly changed, indicated by a heatmap visulization and a principal component analysis. In total 210 genes were significantly regulated. Cyp3a11, Cyp4a10, and Cyp4a14 were down-regulated by 10–35 folds, while these three genes also were highly expressed in the liver. High fat diet regulated 11% of genome-wide gene while 30% of genes involved in the hepatic drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic system. Genes, including Adh4, Aldh1b1, Cyp3a11, Cyp4a10, Cyp8b1, Fmo2, Gsta3, Nat8f1, Slc22a7, Slco1a4, Sult5a1, and Ugt1a9, were regulated by high fat diet as an aging-dependent manner. Bile acids homeostasis, in which many genes related to metabolism and transportation were enriched, was also changed by high fat diet with an aging-dependet manner. Expression of genes in drug metabolism and disposition system significantly correlated to serum lipid profiles, and frequently correlated with each other. Conclusions: High fat diet changed the global transcription profile of hepatic drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic system with a age-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using phosphogypsum (mainly composed of dihydrate gypsum) as raw material to prepare α-hemihydrate gypsum (α-HH) is an effective way for high-value utilization of phosphogypsum solid waste. Sodium ions can effectively promote the transformation of dihydrate gypsum to α-HH and enhance the driving force of crystal transformation. However, during this process, sodium impurities may be doped into the α-HH crystals, resulting in an efflorescence phenomenon when α-HH products are used, which affects the use of the products. In this paper, the formation of sodium impurities in the process of preparing α-HH in NaCl solution was studied by the laboratory test, XRD, XPS, SEM and XRF. Possible forms and diffusion paths of sodium impurities in hemihydrate gypsum crystals are studied by density functional based tight binding methods. The results show that sodium impurities tend to exist in hemihydrate gypsum crystals by doping at interstitial sites. Moreover, there are a large number of interstitial sites in hemihydrate gypsum, which are critical for the diffusion of sodium impurities. [Display omitted] • Possible forms and diffusion paths of Na impurities in hemihydrate gypsum crystals are studied. • The interstitial site in hemihydrate gypsum crystals is critical for Na impurity doping and diffusion. • The crystal transformation of DH to α-HH in solution is the key condition for the formation of Na impurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ride-hailing industry is a new business form that combines traditional taxi services with Internet technology and a sharing economy. However, after its emergence, countries have focused on finding ways to regulate this industry. The regulation of ride-hailing has gone through three stages: from denial of negation to laissez-faire and prudential supervision. This study focuses on the market regulation of the ride-hailing industry, discusses whether ride-hailing platforms require strict regulation under the current Internet setting, and provides evidence for this problem from the perspective of evolutionary game theory between the behavior of the government and the platforms. This study argues that both ride-hailing platforms and the government are evolutionary game players with bounded rationality, constantly adjusting their strategies through confrontation, dependence, and restriction. Therefore, this study constructs a two-dimensional game model between the government and ride-hailing platforms and analyzes the stability strategies of the two participants in different scenarios, to clarify the game behavior and the game return matrix. Assuming that loose government regulation and the standard operation of the ride-hailing platforms are the optimal Pareto equilibrium of the game system, the study concludes that this optimal equilibrium cannot be achieved under the current conditions. Through parameter analysis and sample simulation calculations, the system can be directed toward this equilibrium by reducing government supervision cost and increasing government punishment. This provides a theoretical basis for the government to regulate the ride-hailing industry from the perspective of quantitative analysis. Related implications are finally proposed, which can help the decision-makers better understand the regulation countermeasures of the government and ride-hailing platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed ageing is a major problem in the conservation of germplasm resources. The involvement of possible signalling molecules during seed deterioration needs to be identified. In this study, we confirmed that nitric oxide (NO), a key signalling molecule in plants, plays a positive role in the resistance of elm seeds to deterioration. To explore which metabolic pathways were affected by NO, an untargeted metabolomic analysis was conducted, and 163 metabolites could respond to both NO and the ageing treatment. The primary altered pathways include glutathione, methionine, and carbohydrate metabolism. The genes involved in glutathione and methionine metabolism were up-regulated by NO at the transcriptional level. Using a biotin switch method, proteins with an NO-dependent post-translational modification were screened during seed deterioration, and 82 putative S -nitrosylated proteins were identified. Eleven of these proteins were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and the activities of the three enzymes were regulated by NO. In combination, the results of the metabolomic and S -nitrosoproteomic studies demonstrated that NO could activate glycolysis and inhibit the pentose phosphate pathway. In summary, the combination of these results demonstrated that NO could modulate carbohydrate metabolism at the post-translational level and regulate glutathione and methionine metabolism at the transcriptional level. It provides initial insights into the regulatory mechanisms of NO in seed deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The CMG composite membranes could achieve a tensile strength of 36.12 MPa with good flexibility. • The CMG composite membranes could achieve a maximum thermal conductivity of approximately 9.11 W/m·K. • The maximum SSE/t value of CMG composite membranes was 6444.1 dB·cm2·g−1. • The CMG composite membranes showed excellent electrothermal conversion behavior and photothermal effects. With the rapid development of science and technology, information security and multiscenario applications of electronic equipment have received increasing attention in recent years. Therefore, the design and development of multifunctional electromagnetic interference shielding materials are key to solving the current development needs of electronic equipment. Based on the above topics, multifunctional liquid metal gallium (Ga)-doped transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes)/cellulose nanofiber (CNF/MXene@Ga, CMG) composite membranes with a nacre-like "brick–mortar" layered structure were synthesized using an ultrasonic probe and vacuum-assisted filtration. By optimizing the design, the CMG composite membranes could achieve a tensile strength of 36.12 MPa with good flexibility and could achieve a maximum thermal conductivity of approximately 9.11 W/m·K. The heterogeneous interface between MXenes and Ga nanoparticles and the intercalation of Ga nanoparticles significantly influenced the composite membranes for the absorption of electromagnetic waves, which yielded a specific shielding effectiveness per unit volume (SSE/t) of 6444.1 dB·cm2·g−1; this value is over the vast majority reported in the current literature. Further studies confirmed that the CMG composite membranes possessed excellent electrothermal and photothermal conversion functions. The electrothermal conversion agreed with Joule's law. Moreover, the phase transition behavior of Ga also imparts the membranes with the ability to store heat. The photothermal conversion ability was attributed to the surface plasmon resonance effect of Ga. Therefore, this work provides material support for the information security and multi-scenario applications of electronic equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of digital and intelligent information systems, the display of visual information on interfaces has become an important challenge in the field of human‐computer interaction, as well as the human‐computer interface of nuclear power plants. This paper examines effective factors affecting visual attention capture based on icons related to the human‐computer interface of nuclear power plants. Experiments were conducted on multiple factors of visual search tasks with reference to information features to analyze information display factors affecting visual cognitive performance. The experimental results showed that the three factors, icon shape, feature display, and target position, have a great effect on information searching performance. The main effect of reaction time on three factors all reached a significance level congruent with the effect on fixation time and pupil response. Eye gaze indexes of feature display factors presented an increasing trend, which indicates that the information block spends more time on cognitive processing than icon features in the human‐computer interface of nuclear power plants. Pupil diameter was dilated when searching icons under difficult visual cognition conditions, and when searching information blocks, pupils were dilated more than searching single icons. Therefore, shape highlighting of data icons in the human‐computer interface of nuclear power plants can effectively improve the attention capture of the operator's visual search, and the ease of icon discrimination is an influential factor in visual attention capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein prenylation mediated by the Arabidopsis thaliana PLURIPETALA (AtPLP) gene plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, and environmental response by adding a 15-carbon farnesyl group or one to two 20-carbon geranylgeranyl groups onto one to two cysteine residues at the C-terminus of the target protein. However, the homologous genes and their functions of AtPLP in rapeseed are unclear. In this study, bioinformatics analysis and gene cloning demonstrated the existence of two homologous genes of AtPLP in the Brassica napus L. genome, namely, BnPLP1 and BnPLP2. Evolutionary analysis revealed that BnPLP1 originated from the B. rapa L. genome, while BnPLP2 originated from the B. oleracea L. genome. Genetic transformation analysis revealed that the overexpression of BnPLP1 in Arabidopsis plants exhibited earlier flowering initiation, a prolonged flowering period, increased plant height, and longer main inflorescence length compared to the wild type. Contrarily, the downregulation of BnPLP1 expression in B. napus plants led to delayed flowering initiation, shortened flowering period, decreased plant height, and reduced main inflorescence length compared to the wild type. These findings indicate that the BnPLP1 gene positively regulates flowering time, plant height, and main inflorescence length. This provides a new gene for the genetic improvement of flowering time and plant architecture in rapeseed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease. The whole concept of NAFLD has now moved into metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to emphasize the strong metabolic derangement as the basis of the disease. Several studies have suggested that hepatic gene expression was altered in NAFLD and NAFLD-related metabolic comorbidities, particularly mRNA and protein expression of phase I and II drug metabolism enzymes (DMEs). NAFLD may affect the pharmacokinetic parameters. However, there were a limited number of pharmacokinetic studies on NAFLD at present. Determining the pharmacokinetic variation in patients with NAFLD remains challenging. Common modalities for modeling NAFLD included: dietary induction, chemical induction, or genetic models. The altered expression of DMEs has been found in rodent and human samples with NAFLD and NAFLD-related metabolic comorbidities. We summarized the pharmacokinetic changes of clozapine (CYP1A2 substrate), caffeine (CYP1A2 substrate), omeprazole (Cyp2c29/CYP2C19 substrate), chlorzoxazone (CYP2E1 substrate), midazolam (Cyp3a11/CYP3A4 substrate) in NAFLD. These results led us to wonder whether current drug dosage recommendations may need to be reevaluated. More objective and rigorous studies are required to confirm these pharmacokinetic changes. We have also summarized the substrates of the DMEs aforementioned. In conclusion, DMEs play an important role in the metabolism of drugs. We hope that future investigations should focus on the effect and alteration of DMEs and pharmacokinetic parameters in this special patient population with NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a prolonged procedure with serious adverse events. The clip with line traction method was reported to improve ESD. However, there was no comparison with conventional ESD especially for trainees. We report here on the feasibility and efficacy of traction using dental floss with endoscopic clip to facilitate ESD versus conventional method for ESD trainees.Methods: Twenty simulated gastric lesions, paired with location and size, were created in porcine stomachs using a standard template. After a circular incision was made, submucosal dissection (control, n = 10) was performed with standard ESD, while the study (clip, n = 10) was performed with traction using dental floss and endoclip. Primary outcome was speed of submucosal dissection. Secondary outcome included frequency of submucosal injection and adverse event.Results: Compared with controls, median procedure time was significantly shorter in the clip group (5.6 ± 1.1 vs. 13.6 ± 2.5 min, P = 0.003), with a significantly faster submucosal dissection time (1.8 ± 0.3 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1 cm(2)/min, P = 0.001) and less frequent submucosal injection (5.7 ± 0.6 vs. 8.5 ± 1.0 times, P = 0.024). There were no perforations in either group, but less adverse events (bleeding and injury to muscularis propria) in the clip group (1 vs. 7, P = 0.068, α = 0.1).Conclusions: Traction provided by dental floss and endoclip improves visualization of the submucosal layer during ESD. It allows a faster and safer gastric ESD especially among trainees in the early learning phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retinoic acid (RA) and bile acids share common roles in regulating lipid homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. In addition, the receptor for RA (retinoid x receptor) is a permissive partner of the receptor for bile acids, farnesoid x receptor (FXR/NR1H4). Thus, RA can activate the FXR-mediated pathway as well. The current study was designed to understand the effect of all-trans RA on bile acid homeostasis. Mice were fed an all-trans RA-supplemented diet and the expression of 46 genes that participate in regulating bile acid homeostasis was studied. The data showed that all-trans RA has a profound effect in regulating genes involved in synthesis and transport of bile acids. All-trans RA treatment reduced the gene expression levels of Cyp7a1 , Cyp8b1 , and Akr1d1 , which are involved in bile acid synthesis. All-trans RA also decreased the hepatic mRNA levels of Lrh-1 (Nr5a2) and Hnf4α (Nr2a1), which positively regulate the gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1 . Moreover, all-trans RA induced the gene expression levels of negative regulators of bile acid synthesis including hepatic Fgfr4 , Fxr , and Shp (Nr0b2) as well as ileal Fgf15 . All-trans RA also decreased the expression of Abcb11 and Slc51b , which have a role in bile acid transport. Consistently, all-trans RA reduced hepatic bile acid levels and the ratio of CA/CDCA, as demonstrated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data suggest that all-trans RA-induced SHP may contribute to the inhibition of CYP7A1 and CYP8B1, which in turn reduces bile acid synthesis and affects lipid absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid and uniform seed germination improves mechanized oilseed rape production in modern agricultural cultivation practices. However, the molecular basis of seed germination is still unclear in Brassica napus. A population of recombined inbred lines of B. napus from a cross between the lower germination rate variety 'APL01' and the higher germination rate variety 'Holly' was used to study the genetics of seed germination using quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. A total of five QTLs for germination energy (GE) and six QTLs for germination percentage (GP) were detected across three seed lots, respectively. In addition, six epistatic interactions between the QTLs for GE and nine epistatic interactions between the QTLs for GP were detected. qGE.C3 for GE and qGP.C3 for GP were co-mapped to the 28.5–30.5 cM interval on C3, which was considered to be a novel major QTL regulating seed germination. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the differences in sugar, protein, lipid, amino acid, and DNA metabolism and the TCA cycle, electron transfer, and signal transduction potentially determined the higher germination rate of 'Holly' seeds. These results contribute to our knowledge about the molecular basis of seed germination in rapeseed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The mixed solutions of glycerol and Na 2 SO 4 was proposed to prepare α-HH from PG. • The conversion of PG into α-HH followed the dissolution-crystallization theory. • The morphology of α-HH could be regulated by citric acid. • Citric acid could adsorb on the α-HH surface by chelating with the calcium atoms. Preparation of α-hemihydrate gypsum (α-HH) from phosphogypsum (PG) by atmospheric hydrothermal method has a good application prospect due to the mild reaction conditions, the solution medium and modifier are important factors to control the formation and growth of α-HH crystals. In this study, the mixed solutions of glycerol and Na 2 SO 4 was proposed to transform PG into α-HH and the conversion mechanism was revealed, the morphology of α-HH was regulated by citric acid and its adsorption mechanism was clarified. The results show that the increase of glycerol and Na 2 SO 4 concentrations could accelerate the conversion of PG to α-HH, but this caused a decrease in the particles size of α-HH. The conversion of PG to α-HH in the mixed solutions will successively pass through dissolution, dissolution-crystallization and equilibrium three stages. With the increase of citric acid concentration, the α-HH crystals are enlarged in width and decreased in aspect ratio, which is attributed to citric acid could overcome the electrostatic repulsion by the carboxyl group chelating with the calcium atoms to adsorb on the surface of α-HH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different temperature cryotherapy on leg extension performance. A short period of cold treatment at 0 °C may increase the leg extension ability; however, further lower cold treatment temperatures may cause a decrease in the stretching speed. This may indicate that 0 °C cold therapy for a short period of time is more suitable than −5 °C cold therapy for athletes to recover during the interval within a competition. Cryotherapy as a measurement of sports recovery and treatment has been utilized by more and more athletes and coaches. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different temperature cryotherapies on leg extension performance. Thirty-one male participants from a University volunteered to join two different temperature cryotherapies. The peak power and peak force of right leg extension performance of each participant was measured by Keiser, before and after cryotherapy, respectively. The results of this study show that there was a significant difference in peak power (t = −3.203, p value = 0.003) and peak force (t = −4.662, p value = 0) before and after 0 °C cryotherapy. In addition, there was a significant difference in peak force (t = −4.36, p value = 0) before and after −5 °C cryotherapy. Besides, the changing rates of peak power (3.03%) and peak force (11.51%) in the 0 °C group were higher than those of peak power (2.80%), as well as peak force (7.45%), in the −5 °C group. The PF in the 0 °C and −5 °C groups both significantly increased after cryotherapy. Peak power significantly increased after 0 °C cryotherapy, but did not significantly increase after −5 °C cryotherapy. The changing rates of peak power and peak force in the 0 °C group were both higher than the −5 °C group. A short period of cold treatment at 0 °C may increase the leg extension ability. A 0 °C cold therapy for a short period of time is more suitable than a −5 °C one for athletes to recover during the interval within a competition. Athlete and coach could choose an appropriate temperature to help increase performance of physical level and recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To quantitatively describe the influence of the contact characteristics of granular materials on their mechanical response, the true-triaxial tests with different particle shapes are simulated by the discrete element method (DEM), and the connection between the evolutions of particle contact fabric and the anisotropic mechanical responses is studied. The contact normal vector of the particle in 3D space is described by two independent angles, by which the contact fabric tensor is defined. The amplitude parameters in three orthogonal directions are defined by the invariants of the plane fabric tensor, which are scalars and describe the degree of anisotropy of the contact fabric in each plane. The expression of orthotropic fabric tensor is derived from the amplitude parameters, with the change of geometric space of contact normal vector, which is reduced to the different tensor of transverse isotropic naturally. The fabric tensor can be directly applied to the constitutive equation to describe the effects of the particle contact on the mechanical response. For verifying the rationality of contact characteristics described by fabric tensor, four particle shapes are clumped by PFC3D. The mechanical properties of specimens with different particles are simulated under the true-triaxial loading path, and the data of contact normal vector is extracted in real time. The simulation results showed that the particle shapes have a significant effect on the 3D stress-strain relationship and strength, which showed apparent anisotropy, and the invariants of fabric tensor can be used to describe the evolution of particle contact in the loading process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise evaluation of carburising heat treatment is necessary to avoid failure and degradation of high-performance industrial mechanical components. In this work, a novel non-destructive detection method is proposed for the deep carburised case depth (>2 mm) combining spatial ultrasonic backscatter technique and linear regression model. To create various carburised case depths, three groups of cylindrical 20CrMnMo steel samples were heat-treated in various cycles (Carburising, diffusing, quenching at 850–870°C (holding in range of 2.5–3 h) and tempering). The carburising heat treatment results in a gradient microstructure within the surface region caused by changes in grain size. We employed a transverse-to-transverse scattering model to provide the gradient feature of the grain size profile in the depth direction. The extracted gradient profiles of different carburised case depths exhibit two overlapped growth rates with high- and low-slope factors, respectively. With the increase of the carburised case depth, the positions of the centre points increase and the slope factors decrease. Based on these observations, a modified double sigmoidal function was utilised to parametrise the gradient profile curve. The relationship among the selected gradient feature parameters and various carburised case depths has been established. The predicted results were compared to hardness measurements with good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a simple method named aspiration and coagulation (AC) for reducing the risk of postoperative bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods: Data were retrospectively reviewed and collected from the medical records and endoscopic and pathologic reports about consecutive patients who underwent ESD for early gastric cancer or precancerous lesions or gastric submucosal lesions from January 2016 to December 2021 at the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital. Enrolled patients who underwent the AC method during ESD were included in the AC group, and the others were included in the control group. Propensity score (PS) matching (1:1 match) was used to compensate for the differences that might affect post‐ESD bleeding. Massive hemorrhage and overall delayed bleeding events after gastric ESD were compared between the two groups. Results: Propensity score matching analysis created 242 matched pairs in the study. Characteristics of the subjects such as age and use of antithrombotic drugs were all similar between the two groups after PS matching. The rate of massive hemorrhage and overall delayed bleeding was both significantly lower in the AC group than in the control (0.4% vs. 3.3% for massive hemorrhage, P = 0.037, and 1.2% vs. 5.0% for overall delayed bleeding, P = 0.032), predominantly in mucosal lesions (0.6% vs. 4.4% for massive hemorrhage, P = 0.032, and 1.2% vs. 5.6% for overall delayed bleeding, P = 0.031). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the AC method effectively decreased delayed bleeding events after ESD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to ensure nutritional and food security is seriously threatened by the ever-growing global population. Overreliance on a few staple food crops such as wheat, rice and maize will no longer be able to satisfy the rising demand for future food. Even with increasing agricultural production, over 820 million people are still facing food insecurity and at least 2 billion are facing nutrition insecurity. Therefore, it is imperative to focus on finding simple and sustainable solution to the present threat of global food insecurity. Besides staple food crops, harnessing nutrient-dense, climate-resilient, and locally available crops for production, marketing and consumption as " Smart Foods " for the future is needed. Buckwheat is a potential smart food because of its stress resistance and nutritional properties as well as strong antioxidant activity due to presence of flavonoids. This paper comprises a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the valorization of buckwheat crops in terms of germplasm resources, breeding and genetic improvements for yield, bioactive compounds, biological activities and its potential application in food and pharmaceutical industries. Identification of elite cultivars and exploitation of buckwheat derived gluten-free bakery and non-bakery food stuffs and beverages such as tea, beer and wine should be explored for human consumption. Abundance of bioactive compounds results in high anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-glycemic, anti-cancer properties and other health-promoting activities highlighting buckwheat's potential application as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. • With a burgeoning world population, pressure on the production of adequate food. • Homogenization of human diets has a significant bearing on health and nutritional security of the masses. • Buckwheat is a potential smart food because of its balanced amino acid composition and rich bioactive compounds. • Buckwheat-fractions are used to develop several health promoting food stuffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liver is the largest internal organ of the human body. It has a complex structure and function and plays a vital role in drug metabolism. In recent decades, extensive research has aimed to develop in vitro models that can simulate liver function to demonstrate changes in the physiological and pathological environment of the liver. Animal models and in vitro cell models are common, but the data obtained from animal models lack relevance when applied to humans, while cell models have limited predictive ability for metabolism and toxicity in humans. Recent advancements in tissue engineering, biomaterials, chip technology, and 3D bioprinting have provided opportunities for further research in in vitro models. Among them, liver-on-a-Chip (LOC) technology has made significant achievements in reproducing the in vivo behavior, physiological microenvironment, and metabolism of cells and organs. In this review, we discuss the development of LOC and its research progress in liver diseases, hepatotoxicity tests, and drug screening, as well as chip combinations. First, we review the structure and the physiological function of the liver. Then, we introduce the LOC technology, including general concepts, preparation materials, and methods. Finally, we review the application of LOC in disease modeling, hepatotoxicity tests, drug screening, and chip combinations, as well as the future challenges and directions of LOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study aimed to determine differences in protein and lipid oxidation between bacon with KCl and calcium ascorbate (alternative) and with NaCl (traditional) during a two‐month storage process. At the beginning of storage, the carbonyl content and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in alternative salt bacon were higher than those in traditional bacon, while the sulphhydryl content, fluorescence intensity and the α‐helix structure of alternative salt bacon protein were lower than those of traditional bacon. As the duration of storage progressed from 0 to 60 days, the degree of oxidation of proteins and fats in both groups of bacon increased, and the degree of oxidation of alternative salt bacon was stronger than that of traditional bacon. The results indicated that alternative salts can promote physicochemical changes in bacon to some extent. The changes in the protein and lipid oxidation of the two kinds of bacon during storage may led to the production of key volatile flavour substances and taste substances, which require further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The effect of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. (D. nobile) on hyperglycemic syndrome has only been recently known for several years. Materials of D. nobile were always collected from the plants cultivated in various growth ages. However, regarding the efficacy of D. nobile on hyperglycemic syndrome, it was still unknown as to which cultivation age would be selected. On the other hand, with the lack of quality markers, it is difficult to control the quality of D. nobile to treat hyperglycemic syndrome. (2) Methods: The effects of D. nobile cultivated at year 1 and year 3 were checked on alloxan-induced diabetic mice while their body weight, diet, water intake, and urinary output were monitored. Moreover, levels of glycosylated serum protein and insulin were measured using Elisa kits. The constituents of D. nobile were identified and analyzed by using UPLC-Q/trap. Quality markers were screened out by integrating the data from UPLC-Q/trap into a network pharmacology model. (3) Results: The D. nobile cultivated at both year 1 and year 3 showed a significant effect on hyperglycemic syndrome at the high dosage level; however, regarding the significant level, D. nobile from year 1 showed the better effect. In D. nobile, most of the metabolites were identified as alkaloids and sesquiterpene glycosides. Alkaloids, represented by dendrobine, were enriched in D. nobile from year 1, while sesquiterpene glycosides were enriched in D. nobile from year 3. Twenty one metabolites were differentially expressed between D. nobile from year 1 and year 3. The aforementioned 21 metabolites were enriched to 34 therapeutic targets directly related to diabetes. (4) Conclusions: Regarding the therapy for hyperglycemic syndrome, D. nobile cultivated at year 1 was more recommended than that at year 3. Alkaloids were recommended to be used as markers to control the quality of D. nobile for hyperglycemic syndrome treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polygonum Multiflorum Thunb(PMT) has multiple biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, anti-aging and so on. Therefore, D-galactose-induced aging mice were used to study the effect of PMT on fatty acid metabolism and its underlying mechanism. Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into normal group, aging model group, PMT intragastrical administration group (high, Medium, low); model group and PMT intragastrical administration group Daily intraperitoneal injection D-galactose 800 mg·ml− 1·Kg− 1 to establish subacute aging model; PMT intragastrical administration group at the same time to intragastrical PMT extract (1 g·ml− 1·Kg− 1, 0.6 g·ml− 1·Kg− 1, 0.3 g·ml− 1·Kg− 1), normal group injection and intragastrical equivalent saline for 60 consecutive days. By detecting the oxidation index of liver to judge the efficacy of PMT, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the fatty acid content in liver. Results: Finally, we found that PMT improved the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in aging mice, and reduce the enzyme activity of malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The content of fatty acids such as C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 N3, C20:2 and C20:3 N3 decreased significantly in senescent mice (P < 0.05) as evidenced by GC-MS analysis, whereas, these fatty acids increased significantly after treatment of PMT (P < 0.05). Conclusion: PMT improves the content of liver fatty acids in aging mice induced by D-galactose through, enhancing the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hydrogen/potassium ATPase β (ATP4B) is a proton pump acting an essential role in gastric acid secretion. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of ATP4B and its biological role in tumor progression in gastric cancer. Methods: The correlations between ATP4B expression level and clinicopathologic parameters, as well as the relevance of ATP4B expression with overall survival were assessed. The functional roles of ATP4B in gastric cancer were verified by gain- and loss-of-function cell models and tumor xenograft models. The possible downstream effects of ATP4B were analyzed by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis. Results: A dramatic decrease in ATP4B was associated with malignant transformation in gastric mucosa lesions and correlated with poor differentiation. Restoration of ATP4B expression in gastric cancer cells significantly suppressed cell proliferation, cell viability, migration, invasion, tumorigenicity and induced apoptosis, whereas ATP4B silencing exerted the opposite effects. Mechanistically, we found a quality control on mitochondrial metabolism and functions in ATP4B-overexpression GC cells. Conclusions: Our data suggest that decreasing ATP4B is an indicator for gastric mucosa malignant transformation and GC aggressive phenotype and it plays an inhibitory role in gastric cancer as a tumor suppressor via regulating mitochondrial metabolism and apoptosis pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reuse of recycled water is of great significance for increasing the supply of water resources and alleviating the pollution of the water environment. However, the public's rejection of recycled water has negative influences on the promotion of recycled water reuse. In order to solve this problem, this study took the behavior guiding policy of recycled water reuse as the research object. The related self-construction index, which measures the interaction between individuals and groups, was selected as the design basis of different individual interaction rules. On this basis, the agent-based model (ABM) was constructed to simulate the effect of different policies. Firstly, a questionnaire survey was carried out in the arid area of Northwest China, and the artificial neural network model of individual decision-making was trained on the basis of the first-hand data obtained. By embedding the neural network model into the ABM model, the individuals' decision-making in the simulation process was realized. The results showed that: (1) The demonstration guiding policy had a good effect on all kinds of recycled water reuse behaviors. (2) At the same time, the effect of environmental motivation stimulating policy and knowledge popularization policy could be enhanced or weakened with the increase of human contact degree of recycled water reuse behavior. The environmental motivation stimulating policy had a substantial impact on the recycled water reuses with a high contact degree. (3) The knowledge popularization policy had a good effect on the reuse behavior of recycled water with low human contact, but it even harmed the reuse behavior of recycled water with high contact. According to the research conclusion, the following policy recommendations are put forward: When a promotion policy of recycled water reuse is made, attention should be paid to distinguishing different types of recycled water reuse behavior and appropriate guiding policies should be chosen. As the demonstration guiding policy has an excellent guiding effect on all types of recycled water reuse behaviors, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of the demonstration project of recycled water reuse. For the category of recycled water reuse with high human contact, attention should be paid to the publicity of its environmental protection attribute to stimulate the publi's motivation for environmental protection. As for the category of recycled water with a low human contact degree, attention should be paid to the dispelling of the public's misgivings by strengthening the popularization of relevant knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key factor and regulator of glucose, lipid metabolism throughout the body, and a promising target for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a famous oriental traditional medicinal herbal plant and functional food, which has shown many beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study is to assess the inhibitory activity of five new and four known dammarane triterpenoids isolated from the hydrolysate product of total G. pentaphyllum saponins. The bioassay data showed that all the compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity against PTP1B. The structure-activity relationship showed that the strength of PTP1B inhibitory activity was mainly related to the electron-donating group on its side chain. Molecular docking analysis suggested that its mechanism may be due to the formation of competitive hydrogen bonding between the electron-donating moiety and the Asp48 amino acid residues on the PTP1B protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coix is a minor cereal crop with various applications in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Coix seed is called "Green Food", because of its high unsaturated fatty acid content with minimal toxic residues and heavy metals. Coix can be an excellent choice as a dietary supplement because of diverse bioactive compounds including phenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, fibers, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals with significant therapeutic effects such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and immunomodulatory, among others. The least attention has been given to the improvement of new elite cultivars of coix with high nutritional values and nutraceutical effects. To date, very few genomic studies, in particular, draft genome and de novo sequencing have been conducted to discover the genes responsible for nutritional traits and their molecular mechanisms that are insufficient for the efficient use of existing germplasms for molecular breeding of coix. Therefore, this review article attempts to highlight bioactive compounds identified from coix with their medicinal uses as well as the recent progress in coix genomic studies which will create research scope for the development of nutrient-rich coix varieties with high therapeutic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) play a crucial role as pattern-recognition receptors within the innate immune system. These receptors, present in various cell and tissue types, serve as essential sensors for viral infections, enhancing the immune system's capacity to combat infections through the induction of type I interferons (IFN-I) and inflammatory cytokines. RLRs are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. An increasing body of research has examined the possibility of RLRs or microRNAs as therapeutic targets for antiviral infections and malignancies, despite the fact that few studies have focused on the regulatory function of microRNAs on RLR signaling. Consequently, our main emphasis in this review is on elucidating the role of microRNAs in modulating the signaling pathways of RLRs in the context of cancer and viral infections. The aim is to establish a robust knowledge base that can serve as a basis for future comprehensive investigations into the interplay between microRNAs and RIG-I, while also facilitating the advancement of therapeutic drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lotus corniculatus is a widely distributed perennial legume whose great adaptability to different environments and resistance to barrenness make it an excellent forage and ecological restoration plant. However, its molecular genetics and genomic relationships among populations are yet to be uncovered. Result: Here we report on a genomic variation map from worldwide 272 L. corniculatus accessions by genome resequencing. Our analysis suggests that L. corniculatus accessions have high genetic diversity and could be further divided into three subgroups, with the genetic diversity centers were located in Transcaucasia. Several candidate genes and SNP site associated with CNglcs content and growth traits were identified by genome-wide associated study (GWAS). A non-synonymous in LjMTR was responsible for the decreased expression of CNglcs synthesis genes and LjZCD was verified to positively regulate CNglcs synthesis gene CYP79D3. The LjZCB and an SNP in LjZCA promoter were confirmed to be involved in plant growth. Conclusion: This study provided a large number of genomic resources and described genetic relationship and population structure among different accessions. Moreover, we attempt to provide insights into the molecular studies and breeding of CNglcs and growth traits in L. corniculatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bile acids are acknowledged as signaling molecules involved in metabolic syndrome. The Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) functions as a significant bile acid receptor. The accumulated evidence suggests that TGR5 involves lipid homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and inflammation regulation. In line with this, recent preclinical studies also demonstrate that TGR5 plays a significant role in the generation and progression of metabolic syndrome, encompassing type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review, we discuss the role of TGR5 in metabolic syndrome, illustrating the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To test whether SBC-like motif in FtMYB11 was responsible for the recognition of FtMYB11 by FtBPM3, the interaction between FtBPM3 and FtMYB11 derivatives (Figure 1m), was tested by Y2H assays. FtBPM3 modulates the orchestration of FtMYB11-mediated flavonoids biosynthesis in Tartary buckwheat Keywords: BTB; POZ AND MATH DOMAIN proteins; Jasmonate signalling; MYB transcriptional repressor; Secondary metabolite; 26S proteasome EN BTB POZ AND MATH DOMAIN proteins Jasmonate signalling MYB transcriptional repressor Secondary metabolite 26S proteasome 1285 1287 3 07/28/21 20210701 NES 210701 Tartary buckwheat ( I Fagopyrum tataricum i , TB) is rich in bioactive flavonoids, which have a variety of biological activities (Ghorbani, 2017). Immunoblot analysis of FtBPM3-HA protein levels in I FtBPM3 i overexpressing lines revealed that both MeJA and MG132 drastically increased FtBPM3-HA accumulation (Figure 1h), indicating FtBPM3 protein is subject to 26S proteasome-mediated degradation. [Extracted from the article]

Backgrounds: The incidence of gastric cardiac cancer (GCC) has obviously increased recently with poor prognosis. It's necessary to compare GCC prognosis with other gastric sites carcinoma and set up an effective prognostic model based on a neural network to predict the survival of GCC patients. Methods: In the population-based cohort study, we first enrolled the clinical features from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data (n = 31,397) as well as the public Chinese data from different hospitals (n = 1049). Then according to the diagnostic time, the SEER data were then divided into two cohorts, the train cohort (patients were diagnosed as GCC in 2010–2014, n = 4414) and the test cohort (diagnosed in 2015, n = 957). Age, sex, pathology, tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stage, tumor size, surgery or not, radiotherapy or not, chemotherapy or not and history of malignancy were chosen as the predictive clinical features. The train cohort was utilized to conduct the neural network-based prognostic predictive model which validated by itself and the test cohort. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was used to evaluate model performance. Results: The prognosis of GCC patients in SEER database was worse than that of non GCC (NGCC) patients, while it was not worse in the Chinese data. The total of 5371 patients were used to conduct the model, following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Neural network-based prognostic predictive model had a satisfactory performance for GCC overall survival (OS) prediction, which owned 0.7431 AUC in the train cohort (95% confidence intervals, CI, 0.7423–0.7439) and 0.7419 in the test cohort (95% CI, 0.7411–0.7428). Conclusions: GCC patients indeed have different survival time compared with non GCC patients. And the neural network-based prognostic predictive tool developed in this study is a novel and promising software for the clinical outcome analysis of GCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Autophagy is an important biological process in cells and is closely associated with the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the biological function of the autophagy hub genes, which could be used as a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic markers for NAFLD. (2) Male C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed after 16 and 38 weeks of a high-fat diet, serum biochemical indexes were detected, and liver lobules were collected for pathological observation and transcriptome sequencing. The R software was used to identify differentially expressed autophagy genes (DEGs) from the transcriptome sequencing data of mice fed with a normal diet for 38 weeks (ND38) and a high-fat diet for 38 weeks (HFD38). Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed on the DEGs, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was established using the STRING data website, and the results were visualized through Cytoscape. (3) After 16 weeks and 38 weeks of a high-fat diet, there was a significant increase in body weight, serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) in mice, along with lipid accumulation in the liver, which was more severe at 38 weeks than at 16 weeks. The transcriptome data showed significant changes in the expression profile of autophagy genes in the livers of NAFLD mice following a long-term high-fat diet. Among the 31 differentially expressed autophagy-related genes, 13 were upregulated and 18 were downregulated. GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs were primarily involved in autophagy, cholesterol transport, triglyceride metabolism, apoptosis, the FoxO signaling pathway, the p53 signaling pathway and the IL-17 signaling pathway. Four hub genes were identified by the PPI network analysis, of which Irs2, Pnpla2 and Plin2 were significantly downregulated, while Srebf2 was significantly upregulated by the 38-week high-fat diet. (4) The hub genes Irs2, Pnpla2, Srebf2 and Plin2 may serve as key therapeutic targets and early diagnostic markers in the progression of NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is currently considered a global healthcare problem with limited pharmacological treatment options. There are abundant cell types in the liver, such as hepatocytes, endothelial cells, Kupffer cells and so on, but little is known about which kind of liver cells play the most important role in the process of ALD. To obtain a cellular resolution of alcoholic liver injury pathogenesis, 51,619 liver single-cell transcriptomes (scRNA-seq) with different alcohol consumption durations were investigated, 12 liver cell types were identified, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the alcoholic liver injury were revealed. We found that more aberrantly differential expressed genes (DEGs) were present in hepatocytes, endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells than in other cell types in alcoholic treatment mice. Alcohol promoted the pathological processes of liver injury; the specific mechanisms involved: lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, hypoxia, complementation and anticoagulation, and hepatocyte energy metabolism on hepatocytes; NO production, immune regulation, epithelial and cell migration on endothelial cells; antigen presentation and energy metabolism on Kupffer cells, based on the GO analysis. In addition, our results showed that some transcription factors (TFs) are activated in alcohol-treated mice. In conclusion, our study improves the understanding of liver cell heterogeneity in alcohol-fed mice at the single-cell level. It has potential value for understanding key molecular mechanisms and improving current prevention and treatment strategies for short-term alcoholic liver injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microchromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins are a number of nuclear proteins with significant roles in the development of cancer by influencing the process of cellular DNA replication. Of the MCM protein family, MCM10 is a crucial member that maintains the stability and extension of DNA replication forks during DNA replication and is significantly overexpressed in a variety of cancer tissues, regulating the biological behaviour of cancer cells. But little is understood about MCM10’s functional role and regulatory mechanisms in a range of malignancies. We investigate the impact of MCM10 in human cancers by analyzing data from databases like the Gene Expression Profiling Interaction Analysis (GEPIA2), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), among others. Possible relationships between MCM10 and clinical staging, diagnosis, prognosis, Mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immunological checkpoints, DNA methylation, and tumor stemness were identified. The findings demonstrated that MCM10 expression was elevated in the majority of cancer types and was connected to tumor dryness, immunocytic infiltration, immunological checkpoints, TMB and MSI. Functional enrichment analysis in multiple tumors also identified possible pathways of MCM10 involvement in tumorigenesis. We also discovered promising MCM10-targeting chemotherapeutic drugs. In conclusion, MCM10 may be a desirable pan-cancer biomarker and offer fresh perspectives on cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Astrocytic nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a potential therapeutic target of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC). Icariside II (ICS II) is a naturally occurring flavonoid derived from Herba Epimedii with Nrf2 induction potency. This study was designed to clarify if exposure to ICS II mimicks IPC neuroprotection and if Nrf2 from astrocytes contributes to ICS II preconditioning against ischaemic stroke. Experimental Approach: Mice with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)‐induced focal cerebral ischaemia and primary astrocytes challenged with oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) were used to explore the neuroprotective effect of ICS II preconditioning. Additionally, Nrf2‐deficient mice were pretreated with ICS II to determine whether ICS II exerts its neuroprotection by activating Nrf2. Key Results: ICS II pretreatment mitigated cerebral injury in the mouse model of ischaemic stroke along with improving long‐term recovery. Furthermore, proteomics screening identified Nrf2 as a crucial gene evoked by ICS II treatment and required for the anti‐oxidative effect and anti‐inflammatory effect of ICS II. Also, ICS II directly bound to Nrf2 and reinforced the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 after MCAO. Moreover, ICS II pretreatment exerted cytoprotective effects on astrocyte cultures following lethal OGD exposure, by promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation and activating the OXPHOS/NF‐κB/ferroptosis axis, while neuroprotection was decreased in Nrf2‐deficient mice and Nrf2 siRNA blocked effects of ICS II. Conclusion and Implications: ICS II preconditioning provides robust neuroprotection against ischaemic stroke via the astrocytic Nrf2‐mediated OXPHOS/NF‐κB/ferroptosis axis. Thus, ICS II could be a promising Nrf2 activator to treat ischaemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gypensapogenin C (GPC) is one of the important aglycones of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP), which is structurally glucuronidated and is highly likely to bind to UGT enzymes in vivo. Due to the important role of glucuronidation in the metabolism of GPC, the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase metabolic pathway of GPC in human and other species' liver microsomes is investigated in this study. In the present study, metabolites were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The results show that GPC could generate a metabolite through glucuronidation in the human liver microsomes (HLMs). Additionally, chemical inhibitors combined with recombinant human UGT enzymes clarified that UGT1A4 is the primary metabolic enzyme for GPC glucuronidation in HLMs according to the kinetic analysis of the enzyme. Metabolic differential analysis in seven other species indicated that rats exhibited the most similar metabolic rate to that of humans. In conclusion, UGT1A4 is a major enzyme responsible for the glucuronidation of GPC in HLMs, and rats may be an appropriate animal model to evaluate the GPC metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]