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With global increase in ageing population along with increasing age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), development of sustainable, safe and effective solutions for promoting healthy ageing and preventing diseases has become a priority. Traditional healthcare systems/medicines prescribe several herbs, foods and formulations to promote healthy ageing and prevent and/or treat age-related diseases. However, the scientific data elucidating their mechanism of action is very limited and deeper research using different models is warranted for timely and wider use. The clinical studies and research with higher model organisms, although useful, have several practical, technical, and financial limitations. Conversely, small organism models like Yeast, Roundworm, Fruit fly, and Zebrafish, which have genetic similarities to humans, can replicate the disease features and provide behavioural, cellular and molecular insights. The common features of ageing and NDs, like amyloid protein aggregations, oxidative stress, energy dysregulation, inflammation and neurodegeneration can be mimicked in the small organism models for Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s diseases, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. This review focuses on small organism model- based research unveiling interesting modes of action and synergistic effects of herbal extracts, foods, and formulations, which are indicated especially for healthy ageing and management of NDs. This will provide leads for the quick and sustainable development of scientifically evaluated solutions for clinically relevant, age-related conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In mountainous areas, wild edible plants are an important part of the local diet. Climate change and anthropogenic activities have profound effects on wild edible plants in these areas. Ethnobotanical studies are important for understanding the use patterns and harvest impacts on these plants. In this regard, the Shahrood region, with its diverse historical/ethnic background, is an appropriate starting point to investigate exploitation patterns and impacts of harvest of wild edible plants. During 2021–2022, ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in 12 villages in the region using semi-structured interviews and participatory observations. Data collection included assessing wild edible plant species diversity, their habitats, collection time and quantities, plant parts used and methods of consumption and preparation. The data were analyzed using use report indicators, relative frequency of citations, and use value (UV). A total of 1086 use reports were documented from a total of 44 interviews. A total of 67 wild species (66 plants and 1 fungus) belonging to 54 genera and 24 families were used as edible in the study area. Rosaceae (9 species), Apiaceae (8), Lamiaceae (8), Asteraceae (7), and Amaryllidaceae (5) were the families with the most reported species. Allium (5 species) was the most diverse genus in terms of species diversity. Herbs were the most commonly used life form (79.1%), followed by shrubs (13.4%) and trees (6%). The most consumed plant parts were young leaves (25%) and young aerial parts (21.4%). There were 13 use categories identified. The majority of edible plants were collected in April–May, mainly from areas nearby villages (37.7%) and rangelands (33.7%). The most important edible plants in the study area were Allium iranicum (Wendelbo) Wendelbo (UV = 1.7), Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. (1.5), Allium umbilicatum Boiss. (1.47), Tragopogon graminifolius DC. (1.38), Lepidium draba L. (1.27), Urtica dioica L. (1.18), Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. (1.13), Malva neglecta Wallr. (1.11) and Eremurus sp. (1.09). Our results showed diverse and valuable knowledge for wild edible plants in this region, which should be considered in the conservation and management plans in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many years, natural products have been recognised as an essential source of active components for medicinal medicines. Specifically, the application of active substances originated from plants and utilised in microbial natural goods dates back to a time before modern medicine. Natural product chemistry, biochemistry, and synthetic activities have long been linked to the effectiveness of natural products. Hence, the special qualities of these natural products are being utilised in light of scientific advancements in contemporary molecular and cellular biology, analytical chemistry, and pharmacology. The goal is to take advantage of the chemical and structural diversity, as well as the biodiversity, of these types of products in relation to their potential therapeutic effects. Rearranging chemical entities or structural isomers of naturally existing products to create new compounds is a common strategy used by drug design units to create novel molecules of interest that may be developed into therapeutics with potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The use of herbal products, one component of the growing field of integrative cancer care, is a common yet controversial practice. OBJECTIVES: This article distinguishes nursing issues specific to patient safety when herbal products are used during cancer treatment and identifies available evidence-based resources to enhance patient and professional comprehension. METHODS: PubMed®, CINAHL®, and Google Scholar™ databases were searched for literature published between 2018 and 2024 specific to the clinical sequelae of the use of herbal products and their interactions with antineoplastic drugs, as well as patient and healthcare providers' perceptions of efficacy and safety. METHODS: PubMed®, CINAHL®, and Google Scholar™ databases were searched for literature published between 2018 and 2024 specific to the clinical sequelae of the use of herbal products and their interactions with antineoplastic drugs, as well as patient and healthcare providers' perceptions of efficacy and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microbiome of human beings, especially the gut microbiota, appears to be the most potent element of the human body responsible for health and disease. Various herbs and spices often used in cooking and exceptionally high in bioactive substances like polyphenols, terpenes, and flavonoids are getting more attention for their proposed effect on gut health. This study aims to examine the links between culinary herbs and spices and the gut microbiome and to review the latest research findings. Human microbiota has a variable number of bacteria, and the composition and properties of their microbiomes depend on diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors. The current literature demonstrates that phytochemicals in spices and herbs can modify gut microbiota, which may result in lower inflammation, better digestion, and prevention of non-communicable diseases. It has been proven with further studies that herbs such as cinnamon, ginger, turmeric and rosemary are beneficial for the intestines and have shown positive results in animal and human studies. In conclusion, adding culinary herbs and spices to the diet provides a straightforward but powerful means to preserve a healthy gut microbiota, and supports overall better health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main and most commonly known biological function of nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides is usually associated with the fact that they are the building blocks of nucleic acids. However, these compounds also belong to plant secondary metabolites, although in that role they have attracted less attention than the others, e.g., terpenes, phenolics, or alkaloids. The former compounds are also important constituents of the human diet, e.g., as ingredients of tea and herbs, endowing them with specific taste qualities and pharmacological activities. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry seems to be the most important analytical method that permits the identification and determination of nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides, along with the other metabolites. The main goal of this review is to discuss in detail the aspects of mass spectrometric detection of nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides in tea and selected herbs. An important conclusion is that the identification of the compounds of interest should be performed not only on the basis of [M + H]+/[M − H]− ions but should also be confirmed by the respective product ions; however, as discussed in detail in this review, it may sometimes be problematic. It also clear that all difficulties that may be encountered when analyzing plant material are caused by the complexity of the analyzed samples and the need to analyze different classes of compounds, and this review absolutely does not debase any of the mentioned papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduced reliance on inputs such as fertilizer is fundamental to sustainable grazing systems. This two‐year study compared four sward types, including multispecies swards (MSS), for herbage dry matter (DM) production, species contribution to DM, and herbage nutritive value under grazing. The systems were: (1) Lolium perenne L. monoculture (PRG; 170 kg N ha−1 year−1); (2) permanent pasture (PP; 135 kg N ha−1 year−1), (3) six species sward consisting of two grasses, two legumes and two herbs (6S; 70 kg N ha−1 year−1), (4) twelve species sward consisting of three grasses, four legumes and five herbs (12S; 70 kg N ha−1 year−1). Herbage samples were collected for DM yield, botanical composition, and nutritive value. Mean annual DM production for PRG, PP, 6S, and 12S was 11,374, 8526, 13,783, and 13,338 kg DM ha−1 respectively. Herb proportions decreased in 6S and 12S from 2020 to 2021 while grass proportions increased. Mean crude protein levels were similar across all systems (p > 0.05), with higher ash content in 6S and 12S compared to PRG (p < 0.001). Organic matter digestibility was lowest in PP compared to PRG (p < 0.001) while neutral detergent fibre content of PP and PRG were greater than 6S and 12S (p < 0.001). Water soluble carbohydrate content was highest in PRG (p < 0.0001). Over 2 years, MSS delivered increased herbage DM yield and nutritive quality relative to PRG and PP swards, from reduced N inputs. However, maintenance of the herb component of MSS is a challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance • Unani remedies are considered safe and can be utilized as a healthcare resource due to the adverse effects of conventional pharmaceuticals. For instance, Donepezil, used to treat alzhemier’s disease exerts many adverse effects such as dizziness, vertigo, dryness of mouth. Similarly, Memantine used to slow the neurotoxicity involved in alzhemier’s disease also exerts adverse effects like vomiting, tremors and sleep disturbance. Over sixty percent of drugs are derived from synthetic basis, highlighting the potential benefits of natural Unani treatments as a safer alternative. Neurodegenerative disorders are illnesses characterized by structural and functional deterioration due to abnormal protein aggregation, resulting in inflammation and oxidative stress in the central nervous system. In unani system of medicine all current brain ailments, including alzheimer’s disease, parkinson’s disease, mania, anxiety, melancholia and others are classified under the general category of neurodegenerative disorders Their pathogenic variables and soociated symptoms and therapeutic modalities are similar. This study focuses on evidence-based Unani herbs and polyherbal formulations for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. It reveals that 43 ethnomedicinal plants can be employed to treat the symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders. The material was gathered from several sources that tabulated the specific details of individual herbs and polyherbal formulations and highlighted the importance of various phytoconstituents on neuroprotective action. The research provides in vivo and scientific evidence to support the use of ethnomedicine in treating neurodegenerative disorders. Aim of the study • This study aims to validate the efficacy of Unani medicines, traditionally used for neurodegenerative diorders through evidence-based research Methods • To scan single and polyherbal formulations for neurodegenerative disorders, a literature review of traditional Unani medicine texts was conducted. To collect evidence on the efficacy of these indicated medications in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, electronic resources such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar were searched. The current study is a systematic review that applies inclusion and exclusion criteria rooted in the classical symptoms of neurological disorders. It evaluates the efficacy of individual herbs and polyherbal formulations recommended by Unani scholars for treatment perspectives. Results • The researchers have so far discovered 43 single drugs and 38 polyherbal formulations in Unani classical literature for treating various neurodegenerative disorders. These herbs have antioxidant, antiAlzheimer’s, anti-Parkinsonism, anti-convulsant, cognitive enhancer, anti-anxiety, neuroprotective, and anti-depressant properties, with clinical investigations proving their efficacy. The study exclusively focuses on systematic review, highlighting selected clinical studies to assess their quality and reliability of evidence. These are discussed in the introduction to provide context and understanding. Conclusions • After a thorough review of entire literature of Unani medicine, it is evident that has painstakingly focused more on physiopathology of diseases of Dimāgh wa A‘sāb including their treatment protocols .These protocols include Istifrāgh (biopurification), Taskhīn (producing warmth), Tajfiīf (desiccation), Tafrīħ-i Taba‘ (exhilaration). Research into Unani medicine has shown promising results, particularly in the use of medicinal plants known for their neuroprotective properties. One of the key advantages of Unani herbs is their natural composition, which typically consists of bioactive compounds that exert neuroprotective effects without the harsh impact often associated with synthetic drugs. For instance, herbs like Brahmi(Bacopa monnieri), Waj Turki (Acorus calamus), Chilghoza(Pinus gerardiana Wall) and Asgand (Withania somnifera) and many other plants have been studied for their ability to enhance cognitive function, reduce oxidative stress, and support neuronal health. These herbs work through various mechanisms such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory properties, and modulation of neurotransmitter levels, all of which contribute to their neuroprotective potential. Nevertheless some of the compound formulations presented, that, have not yet undergone clinical testing. As a result, the researchers are advised to validate those medicines that have not yet undergone clinical evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective • To assess the efficacy of pharmacopuncture (PA) in improving lipid profiles of patients under statin therapy. Design & Setting • Single-center retrospective study. Interventions • Fifty-nine patients who were previously under statins were retrospectively analyzed. We injected 10 cc of PA twice or thrice a week for 12 to 16 weeks at the acupoint (CV5). The PA solution was based on aqueous extracts of various herbs: Taraxaci Herba, Artemisiae Annuae Herba, Elsholtziae Herba, Acanthopanacis Cortex, and Rumecis Radix. Main Outcome Measures • Lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels, were compared before and after PA treatment within patients. Results • The mean age was 59.03 ± 19.82 years, and 50.8% were women (n=30). TC and LDL-C levels decreased from 233.6 ± 54.6 mg/dL to 202.0 ± 26.4 mg/dL (P = 1.27×10-6) and from 175.1 ± 46.2 mg/dL to 133.1 ± 21.6 mg/dL (P = 1.37×10-10), respectively. Interestingly, HDL-C level increased from 30.4 ± 14.6 mg/dL to 43.1 ± 12.1 mg/dL (P = 4.39×10-10), where men demonstrated better improvement than women (P = 1.73×10-3). Conclusion • Our findings highlight the adjuvant effects of PA treatment on the lipid profile in patients under statins and the sex interaction in HDL-C improvement, which provides a clinical foundation for future clinical trials with personalized treatment strategies to establish the clinical benefits of PA treatment with statins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Medicinal plants of Fritillaria are widely distributed in numerous countries around the world and possess excellent antitussive and expectorant effects. In particular, Fritillariae Bulbus (FB) as a precious traditional medicine has thousands of years of medical history in China. Herbs of Fritillaria have a high market value and demand while limited by harsh growing circumstances and scarce wild resources. As a consequence, fraudulent behaviors are regularly engaged by the unscrupulous merchants in an attempt to reap greater profits. It is of an urgent need to evaluate the quality of Fritillaria herbs and their products using various analytical instruments and techniques. This review has scrutinized approximately 160 articles from 1995 to 2022 published on the investigation of Fritillaria herbs and related herbal products. The botanical classification of genus Fritillaria, types of counterfeits, technologies applied for differentiating Fritillaria species were comprehensively summarized and discussed in the current review. Molecular and chromatographic identification were the dominant technologies in the authentication of Fritillaria herbs. Additionally, we brought some potential and promising technologies and analytical strategies into attention, which are worthy attempting in the future researches. This review could conduce to excellent reference value for further investigations of the authenticity assessment of Fritillaria species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the effectiveness of online nutrition education videos in teaching the use of herbs and spices to enhance diet quality. Topics include the benefits of incorporating herbs and spices into meals, strategies for creating engaging educational content, and the impact of such videos on dietary habits.

Migraine is a common neurological illness that causes a great burden on individuals and society. Many migraine patients seek relief through complementary and alternative therapies, with Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) often being their preferred choice. Acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine, and massage are important components of TCM, and are commonly used in clinical treatment of migraine. This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of the three TCM interventions for migraine: acupuncture, herbs, and massage, and how they relieve pain. However, the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of TCM therapies in treating migraine remain unclear. Therefore, we reviewed the research progress on acupuncture, herbal medicine, and massage as TCM approaches for the treatment of migraine. We conducted a comprehensive search of CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases using keywords such as migraine, acupuncture, needle, herbs, herbal, prescription, decoction, massage, Tuina, and TCM, covering the period from 2000 to 2023. The literature included in the review was selected based on specified exclusion criteria. We discussed the mechanism of TCM therapies on migraine from the perspective of modern medicine, focusing on changes in inflammatory factors, neurotransmitters, and other relevant biomarkers. TCM can relieve migraine by decreasing neuropeptide levels, inhibiting inflammation, modulating neuronal sensitization, changing brain function and structure, changing blood brain barrier permeability, regulating hormone levels, and relieving muscle tension. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for improving the clinical strategies of TCM for the treatment of migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil of Blumea eriantha DC. (Asteraceae) herb (leaves and stems) (BEHO) and roots (BERO) was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC–FID and GC–MS. The chemical constituents of BEHO and BERO were identified according to their mass spectra and relative retention indices. Fifty-two and thirty-eight compounds were identified, comprising 97.1% and 95.5% of the BEHO and BERO, respectively. The prodigious differences were observed in the major constituents of BEHO and BERO. The major compounds were chrysanthenone (52.8%) and 2,4-dimethylether phloroacetophenone (15.1%) (BEHO), 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (31.3%), epi-α-cadinol (12.7%) and γ-cadinene (10.5%) (BERO). The BEHO found a higher concentration of oxygenated monoterpenes, while BERO with phenyl derivatives type of constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety disorders significantly reduce patients' quality of life. Current pharmacological treatments, primarily benzodiazepines and antidepressants, are associated with numerous side effects. Consequently, there is a continual search for alternative methods to traditional therapies that are less burdensome for patients and broaden their therapeutic options. Our objective was to determine the role of selected alternative methods in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Methods: In this review, we examined recent evidence on alternative treatments for anxiety disorders, including physical activity, mindfulness, virtual reality (VR) technology, biofeedback, herbal remedies, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), cryotherapy, hyperbaric therapy, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. For this purpose we reviewed PubMed and after initial search, we excluded works unrelated to our aim, non-orginal data and animal studies. We conducted second search to cover all minor methods. Results: We included 116 studies, which data is presented in Tables. We have investigated which methods can support treatment and which can be used as a stand-alone treatment. We assessed the risks to benefits of using alternative treatments. Conclusion: Alternative treatments significantly expand the options available to patients and clinicians, with many serving as adjuncts to traditional therapies. Among the methods presented, mindfulness has the most significant therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the effect of using selected herbs as companion crops in soybean cultivation on the yield and overall health of soybeans. A three-year field experiment (2021–2023) was conducted using a randomized block design with three replications, where the primary experimental variable was the sowing method. The innovative cropping system involved cultivating soybeans alongside different companion herbs, such as alyssum (Lobularia maritima L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), borage (Borago officinalis L.), French marigold (Tagetes patula L.), calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), and a herbal mixture referred to as 'MIX'. The study showed that cultivation of soybean with fennel improved the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the yield, with a significant increase in seed yield (on average by 0.27 t ha−1) as well as protein (7.67%) and oil yield (8.57%) compared to the pure soybean crop. The following fungal diseases were identified during the three-year study period (2021–2023): Cercospora leaf blight, Ascochyta blight, Fusarium wilt, and downy mildew. Cultivation of soybean with herbs as companion crops was implemented to improve the health of soybean to a varied extent. Borage, marigold, and calendula companion crops reduced infection of soybean by the fungi C. kikuchii and F. oxysporum. Cultivation with fennel and marigold was also beneficial for soybean health. On the other hand, cultivation with sweet alyssum and a mixture of herbs increased the occurrence of the fungus A. sojaecola. Cultivation of soybean in association with herbs is legitimate and requires further research given the priorities facing 21st-century agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kultur Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article explores the perception of aroma and flavor and their relationship with food preferences, appetite and satiety, and emotional well-being. Topics discussed include phytonutrition, phytoaromatherapy, epigenetics, mental health phytonutrition, gut-brain axis, role of gastrointestinal mechanisms in appetite, relationship of retronasal olfaction, satiation and food consumption, role of neurogastronomy and gastrophysics in facilitating awareness of flavor creation, and elements of flavor.

In New Zealand, facial eczema (FE) is a serious health and welfare issue for grazing ruminants caused by ingesting toxic spores of the fungus Pseudopithomyces chartarum.A literature review of research about the effect of pasture plant species, farm management practices and associated environmental factors on FE in New Zealand, was undertaken. An important outcome of this research has been the development of spore count techniques used on-farm to monitor P. chartarum during the summer/autumn risk period. Other research outcomes include: Reduce pasture litter (decaying herbage) by hard spring grazing, with minimal topping, and use pasture species that reduce litter.Avoid hard grazing during the riskiest autumn period.Minimise grazing of perennial ryegrass dominant pastures by increasing legume content or use the less risky species such as tall fescue.Utilise specialist (non-ryegrass) legume and herb-based pastures that provide less litter, are grazed to higher residuals, and provide high-quality feed.Future FE research should focus on the incorporation of ‘high-quality’ FE-safe species, such as tall fescue, legumes and herbs, into existing farming systems. They can enhance feed supply during the summer/autumn FE risk period but require appropriate management guidelines to maximise production and persistence.Reduce pasture litter (decaying herbage) by hard spring grazing, with minimal topping, and use pasture species that reduce litter.Avoid hard grazing during the riskiest autumn period.Minimise grazing of perennial ryegrass dominant pastures by increasing legume content or use the less risky species such as tall fescue.Utilise specialist (non-ryegrass) legume and herb-based pastures that provide less litter, are grazed to higher residuals, and provide high-quality feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke has been the focus of medical research due to its serious consequences and sequelae. Among the tens of millions of new stroke patients every year, cerebral ischemia patients account for the vast majority. While cerebral ischemia drug research and development is still ongoing, most drugs are terminated at preclinical stages due to their unacceptable toxic side effects. In recent years, natural herbs have received considerable attention in the pharmaceutical research and development field due to their low toxicity levels. Numerous studies have shown that natural herbs exert actions that cannot be ignored when treating cerebral ischemia. Methods: We reviewed and summarized the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of different natural herbal extracts on cerebral ischemia to promote their application in this field. We used keywords such as "natural herbal extract," "herbal medicine," "Chinese herbal medicine" and "cerebral ischemia" to comprehensively search PubMed, ScienceDirect, ScienceNet, CNKI, and Wanfang databases, after which we conducted a detailed screening and review strategy. Results: We included 120 high-quality studies up to 10 January 2024. Natural herbal extracts had significant roles in cerebral ischemia treatments via several molecular mechanisms, such as improving regional blood flow disorders, protecting the blood-brain barrier, and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Conclusion: Natural herbal extracts are represented by low toxicity and high curative effects, and will become indispensable therapeutic options in the cerebral ischemia treatment field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of oven drying (OD) at 50±5°C, sun drying (SD), and fresh leaves (control) of seven selected herbs used in herbal preparation as herbal baths were evaluated. Herbal baths (HB) involve mixing herbs into water and boiling them or simply immersing them in the mixture during a regular bath. The herbs selected were leaves of torch ginger, greater galangal, pandan, citronella grass, henna, betel leaves, and kaffir lime leaves and fruits. The herbs were planted in a plot at the Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. Physical changes such as HB herbs' colour, aroma, and chemical composition were evaluated. The hydro distillation method was used for the extraction process of HB herbs, where it produced essential oils (EO), essential water (EW), and boiling water (BW), and their chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. As a result, the OD herbs possessed brighter and more attractive colours compared to the SD method, which was dull and pale. The colour of EO was yellow, colourless for EW, and reddish for BW. Additionally, OD herbs possessed 80% and only 50% of the scent strength of the SD herbs from extracting fresh herbs. The fresh and dried HB herbs contained chemical constituents mostly from the terpene group. Herbal preparation developed using all treatments retained an appreciable amount of chemical composition studied, thus having the potential for commercial purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stems of some herbaceous species can undergo basal secondary growth, leading to a continuum in the degree of woodiness along the stem. Whether the formation of secondary growth in the stem base results in differences in embolism resistance between the base and the upper portions of stems is unknown. We assessed the embolism resistance of leaves and the basal and upper portions of stems simultaneously within the same individuals of two divergent herbaceous species that undergo secondary growth in the mature stem bases. The species were Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Senecio minimus (fireweed). Basal stem in mature plants of both species displayed advanced secondary growth and greater resistance to embolism than the upper stem. This also resulted in significant vulnerability segmentation between the basal stem and the leaves in both species. Greater embolism resistance in the woodier stem base was found alongside decreases in the pith‐to‐xylem ratio, increases in the proportion of secondary xylem, and increases in lignin content. We show that there can be considerable variation in embolism resistance across the stem in herbs and that this variation is linked to the degree of secondary growth present. A gradient in embolism resistance across the stem in herbaceous plants could be an adaptation to ensure reproduction or basal resprouting during episodes of drought late in the lifecycle. Summary statement: The basal stems of some herbs undergo secondary growth as plants get older, leading to a continuum in woodiness and embolism resistance along the stem. Greater embolism resistance occurs alongside decreases in the pith‐to‐xylem ratio and increases in secondary xylem and lignin content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to screen fungal diversity and ochratoxin A levels on culinary spice and herb samples sold in open-air markets and supermarkets in Nairobi County, Kenya. All herbs were grown in Kenya, while locally-produced and imported spices were purchased from both types of retail outlet. The results showed a high frequency of Aspergillus and Penicillium species contaminating the samples. The isolated species included Aspergillus ochraceous, Aspergillus nomiae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ustus, Aspergillus terrus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus clavutus, Penicillium crustosum, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium glabrum, Penicillium thomii, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium polonicum, and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Total fungal count on spice and herb samples collected from various sources varied between 6 and 7 CFU/mL. Of imported spices, garlic had the highest fungal diversity, while cardamom had the least. For spices from both open market and supermarket outlets, cloves had the highest fungal diversity, while white pepper had the least. For the herbs sampled from the open markets, basil was the most contaminated, while sage was the least. In supermarket samples, parsley, sage, and mint had the highest fungal diversity, and bay had the least. The results indicate the contamination of spices and herbs with OTA at high concentrations. The calibration curve was saturated at 40 µg/kg; with samples of garlic, cinnamon, red chili, basil, thyme, mint, sage, and parsley having levels above this. Of the spices, imported ginger had the highest OTA levels (28.7 µg/kg), while turmeric from the open market had the least, 2.14 µg/kg. For herb samples, parsley from the open market had the highest OTA levels at 29.4 µg/kg, while marjoram from the open market had the lowest at 6.35 µg/kg. The results demonstrate the presence of mycotoxigenic fungi and OTA contamination of marketed culinary herbs and spices beyond acceptable limits. Hence, there is a need for informed and sustainable mitigation strategies aimed at reducing human exposure in Kenya to OTA mycotoxicosis through dietary intake of spices and herbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional medicine is a cure hope for a substantial number of people around the world. It is estimated over 70,000 medicinal herbs of which around 50,000 have been prescribed for pharmaceutical purposes, including Kurdistan, which is home to an abundance of botanical species. Thus, this study was conducted to collect, record and assess data on medical herbs practised by local informants in Choman as phytomedicine for human health. The study was conducted via semi-structured questionnaires to obtain information regarding herbal medicinal knowledge from 152 local informants. Most traditional medical practitioners were male, aged above 61 years old. Ninety plant species from 39 families were discovered to be used medicinally to treat 48 different diseases in the area. The most prevalent families were Asteraceae, followed by Apiaceae and Rosaceae respectively. The infusion (45%) was the most popular preparation method for 44 herbal drugs. Traditional medicine was mostly prepared from aerial parts (24%), followed by leaves (23%), and seeds (17%). The highest UV (0.36) value was recorded for Chai sawz-Green tea, which was used to treat diabetes, followed by Karawz, Sira kewilka. Leaves of Trshoka and the roots of Rewas both with (UV 0.23) were used to heal diabetes. Endocrine or metabolic and nutritional: (ICF 0.94) was recognized as the most common illness category for which herbal medicine is used. The present study offered important information regarding the traditional phytotherapeutic use to treat a variety of ailments. The locals are well-versed in a variety of medical treatments that may be used to treat illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to check the impact of the addition of selected flavoring herbs on the organoleptic and antioxidant properties of homemade tofu, as well as the possibility of its storage extension by freezing. The optimization of homemade tofu production based on organic soy and the enrichment (2% w/w) of obtained tofu with dried plant additives (wild garlic, basil, Herbes de Provence, black cumin seeds, and dried cranberries) was performed. The manufactured tofu was compared to commercial tofu (control) in terms of antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, and polyphenol profile using thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Moreover, the texture profile and organoleptic assessment of the compared products were performed. The antioxidant and texture parameters were also controlled in tofu fixed by different methods: cold herbal infusion and prolonged freezing of vacuum-packed products. It was shown that homemade tofu was characterized by better sensory and texture properties than commercial product. Moreover, the introduction of plant additives to tofu increased the antioxidant activity and the content of polyphenols in the final product; the greater the activity of the herbs used, the higher the degree of tofu enrichment was achieved. In terms of all analyzed parameters, cranberries and Herbes de Provence additives to tofu were found to be the first choice. It was found that the addition of herbs to tofu allowed us to create new sensory features, enhanced the pro-healthy value, and extended the storage time. Due to no significant changes in texture and antioxidant properties of frozen tofu, as well as its acceptable microbial quality, freezing vacuum-packed tofu can be recommended as a beneficial way to extend the storage time at home condition. The addition of herbs allows for the design of new versions of tofu in accordance with consumer preferences, and the proposed packaging method can be applied on an industrial scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fresh fruits and vegetables are susceptible to several diseases caused by many phytopathogenic microbes which affect their shelf life and quality especially after harvesting. To control these postharvest diseases, the use of synthetic agrochemicals are found to be effective but their phytotoxicity has created a great concern on consumer’s health, environment and food security. The continuous application of synthetic agrochemicals have found to be developing resistance to several pathogen populations. Currently, many importing countries enforce strict regulations on the minimal pesticide residual levels in the edible part of fresh produce. All these reasons mentioned above have necessitated to search for the natural and novel formulations as alternatives to replace the conventional chemical application during postharvest treatments. A novel approach to manage the postharvest losses, while retaining the fruit quality, has been implemented by the use of essential oils like cinnamon oil, thyme oil extracted from spices and herbs. This strategy eliminates the need for the use of synthetic formulations, thereby ensuring the global food security. Therefore, this review aims to emphasize the potential use of spice and herb oils as green alternative and as well as protective agents, their mode of action, method of application and their potential challenges by implementing in postharvest management of fruits and vegetables.Article highlights: Spice and herb oil emerging as potent food protectants in postharvest management of fruits and vegetables. Essential oils are more safer, effective, novel, non-toxicity compared to agrochemicals. Promising bio-tool to combat postharvest losses and extending the shelf life of the produce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the research: the research was carried out within the framework of a joint project of the Faculty of Agricultural Technologies and the Pharmaceutical Faculty “Physic Garden” for the implementation of the Development Program of Maikop State Technological University for 2023-2032. The goal of the research is to study the species composition of a meadow community, to identify medicinal plant species. The research objectives are to study the vegetation cover of meadows of the flat territory of the Republic of Adygea, collection, office processing, determination of meadow vegetation, analysis of flora - taxonomic, bioecological, biomorphological. The research methods: plant species were identified using the field atlas by A.S. Zernov and the guide by I.S. Kosenko [3, 6]. Life forms are presented using the system by K. Raunkier, taxonomic analysis using the work by A.P. Khokhryakova. The object of research is a phytocenosis of a continental dry meadow. The meadow phytocenosis is represented by herbaceous species adapted to growing together; the flora includes 44 species of higher plants from 16 families, 2 classes, and 1 division. The ratio of plants belonging to the dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous classes is approximately 3:1. The Asteraceae and Rosaceae families predominate in the studied flora from the Magnoliopsida class, and the Poaceae family from the Liliopsida class. In terms of the number of species, the basis of the meadow phytocenosis is made up of perennial grasses. The life form assessment according to Raunkiaer showed the prevalence of hemicryptophytes, according to the hydromorphological structure - the majority of mesophytes. The meadow is in a mature stage, since most of the plants are rhizome. The bulk of the vegetation is meadow, weed-meadow and weed. Such herbs as motherwort five-lobed and common yarrow, which are a source of medicinal plant materials included in the State Pharmacopoeia of the 15th edition grow in the meadow.

Background: In the last quarter of the 20th century, dedicated efforts have been made to use phytochemicals in the prevention of periodontal diseases, but the darker side of the coin is that we have hardly encountered studies with a scientific basis to prove the specific role of phytochemicals against dental plaque. Objective: This study aimed to assess the antiplaque activity of Curcuma longa, Spilanthes acmella, and Quercus infectoria and to determine the antigingivitis activity of the extract, which shows high antiplaque potential. Materials and Methods: Sixteen volunteers were selected as subjects in this biphasic study. In the first phase, 10 volunteers were subjected to topical application of aqueous ethanolic extract (1%) of C. longa, Q. infectoria, and S. acmella on the labial/buccal and lingual/palatal surfaces of 28 teeth. In the second phase, the extract showing the highest efficacy was selected to assess its antigingivitis activity on all the surfaces of six mandibular anterior teeth of six gingivitis patients. The percentage plaque reduction was calculated by dividing the difference of the base and end scores by the baseline scores. Results: C. longa demonstrated superior results as it showed the maximum reduction in plaque formation. Antigingivitis activity of long-term topical application of 1% C. longa was depicted in independent clusters in different volunteers selected for the study. Only after 2 weeks, the treatment score was found to be statistically significant to depict optimal results. Conclusion: C. longa can be considered the best at reducing plaque. The antigingivitis activity of C. longa ranked reasonably satisfactory and comparable to the existing data for commercially available drugs.

Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) are nonsystemic, protective fungicides used all over the world to protect fruits, vegetables, and herbs from several fungal infections. Hence, it is very important to detect and quantify their residue in food. In this work, a rapid and sensitive protocol has been validated for the determination of DTCs subclasses, ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) and propylenebisdithiocarbamate (PBDC) fungicides in fruits, vegetables, and herbs. The method was based on the decomposition of EBDC and PBDC in an alkaline medium followed by methylation into dimethyl ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC-dimethyl) and dimethyl propylenebisdithiocarbamate (PBDC-dimethyl), respectively. This was followed by applying citrate buffer acetonitrile-based QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) sample preparation technique. The method validation was performed according to the European quality control guidelines (SANTE/12682/2019). The precision and trueness of the method were determined from recovery experiments on six replicates of spiked blank samples at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/kg for each commodity. The mean recoveries of EBDC-dimethyl and PBDC-dimethyl ranged from 79–119% and 74–120%, respectively. The RSD value for both analytes was in the range of 2–20. The only exception was PBDC-dimethyl in fennel matrix at 0.01 mg/kg. The limit of quantification of the method was 0.01 mg/kg with the exception of PBDC-dimethyl in fennel, which was 0.05 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purposes Origin software was adopted to study the mechanism and final effects of rainwater erosion prevention of Earthen Sites with bare soil and herbs in Western Wall of Jinyang Ancient City. Methods The data analysis method of field artificial simulation rainfall experiment through the software of Origin was used to compare the effects of the underlying surface layer on the runoff and sediment producing processes on the slope surface at different times. Findings Pre-runoff interception Q0 of Fresh Herbs was negatively correlated with runoff starting time T0. And Q0 was in descending order of Dry Herbs, Fresh Herbs, and Bare Soil. Sediment producing coefficient Csy and sediment producing intensity Isy of Fresh Herbs were positively correlated with rainfall intensity Irf. Runoff coefficients Cro and Csy were in descending order of Bare Soil, Dry Herbs, and Fresh Herbs. By forming a mud surface, exposed earthen sites were less affected by rainwater infiltration, making them suitable for arid climate zones. By strengthening anti-erosion, herbal earthen sites reduced soil surface erosion, making them suitable for semi-arid and semi-humid climate areas. Conclusions Origin analysis confirms that herbal plants have a significant effect on improving the anti-erosion of earthen sites. The phenomenon of herbs covering is beneficial to the protection of local earthen sites in Shanxi. However, when extreme sustained heavy rainfall occurs between September and October, further research is needed to determine whether herbal plants are suitable or not for covering earthen sites.

International trade in herbs and spices is showing steady growth. This may contribute to the deterioration of their quality (complex supply chains) and the search for alternative, cheaper sources (adulteration). This paper presents the results of quality control of culinary herbs available on the European markets. Eight spices were evaluated: savory, lovage, basil, thyme, marjoram, oregano, fennel, mustard. The tests were performed (from January 2022 till January 2023) for three production batches from five different suppliers, and analyzed such parameters as aroma, overall appearance, impurity content, net weight, moisture content, ash content and essential oils. The analyzed parameters are the basic quality characteristics controlled by institutions overseeing the quality of foodstuffs. The determinations were made on the basis of European standards. The results show deviations from the standards especially in the content of essential oils. Slight exceedances of the standards were also recorded for water and total ash content. On the other hand, for such parameters as net weight, impurity content, general appearance or odor, no overstepping of acceptable standards was recorded.

Caesalpinia sappan L (Sappan wood) is an herbal plant that has long been trusted by the public as an herbal medicine for tuberculosis, diarrhea, dysentery, skin infections, anemia, and other diseases by utilizing the decoction of C.sappan. Sappan wood is an herbal plant widely used as a raw material for traditional medicinal products. Sappan wood has been reported to have substantial pharmacological effects in analgesic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral. Fever is a clinical manifestation of certain conditions or diseases characterized by increased body temperature above the normal range (36.5–37.5 °C). Many studies declare that antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in C.sappan reduces oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This literature review shows that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of C.sappan are linked to fever as a sign of illness. Literature review using the last ten years' Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Pubmed databases. There are as many as 20 journals regarding sappan wood's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Sappan wood has been shown to have an antioxidant effect by lowering reactive oxygen species levels via SOD, GPx, or CAT markers. It inhibits inflammation cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-𝝰, and INF produced during fever. Sappan wood also has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting PGE2 production when someone has a fever. The findings of our review state that C.sappan can be used to treat fever for both of these reasons. The use of C.sappan as a component in producing traditional health beverages has potential.

Dyah Nindita Carolina,1,2 Mieke Hemiawati Satari,3,&ast; Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto,4,&ast; Agus Susanto,1,&ast; Cortino Sukotjo,5,&ast; Rahmana Emran Kartasasmita6,&ast; 1Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; 2Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; 3Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; 4Division of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia; 5Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; 6Research Group of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dyah Nindita Carolina, Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia, Tel +628156132636, Email dyah.nindita@unpad.ac.idPurpose: The purpose of this study was to synthesize and structurally characterize four ant nest membranes in four different concentrations and determine the best concentration that could potentially be used as an alternative material for the production of new collagen barrier membranes.Materials and Methods: Membranes were created by mixing ant nest extracts at various concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%, as well as collagen, chitosan, and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) using a film casting. A Universal Testing Machine (UTM) was used to evaluate mechanical properties including elastic modulus, tensile strength, maximum elongation, elongation at break, and maximum force. Water absorption was performed, FTIR was used for functional group identification, and morphology was examined using SEM. Additionally, EDS was used to identify the composition and distribution of elements in membranes. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA (analysis of variance) and post hoc testing with a significance level of p < 0.01 for quantitative data.Results: The results showed that the mechanical properties produced the following mean (standard deviation): elastic modulus 0.87 Mpa (0.11), tensile strength 16.32 N/mm2 (2.46), maximum elongation 4.96% (1.72), elongation at break 5.23% (1.87), and maximum force 22.50 N (5.06). The average water absorption capacity of all four membranes had a p-value < 0.01. FTIR spectrum showed various peaks corresponding to functional groups, while SEM results indicated a homogeneous mixture. EDS analysis confirmed that the addition of ant plant extract at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% resulted in the presence of elements C, O, and Ca. Meanwhile, membranes prepared with 2% concentration had a different composition, namely C, O, Ca, and Na.Conclusion: Increasing the concentration of ant nest affects the values of the membrane’s mechanical properties parameters, including the elastic modulus (0.87 Mpa), tensile strength (16.32 N/mm2), maximum elongation (4.96%), elongation at break (5.23%), and maximum force (22.50 N). The average membrane absorption of water (p value < 0.01) was also affected. SEM images showed homogeneous mixing, and membrane EDS results consisted of C, O, and Ca composition. However, there was no effect on FTIR functional groups. The anthill membrane with a 1% concentration has the potential to serve as an alternative membrane in guided tissue regeneration.Keywords: ant nest, carp scales, herbs, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, PVA

Background and Aim: The ban on antibiotic growth promoters adversely affects the physiological condition and health of poultry. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of encapsulated Acalypha australis L. leaf extract, chitosan, or a combination of both on the physiological and intestinal conditions of broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 280 Cobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four groups: Basal feed without additives (CNTL), basal feed with 0.01% encapsulated A. australis leaf extract (EALE), 0.01% chitosan (CHIT), and 0.01% EALE and 0.01% chitosan (EACH). Sample collection and data measurement were conducted on day 36. Results: There was a tendency (p = 0.08) for EACH bird to have a higher body weight than the other groups. Feed consumption was higher (p < 0.05) in EACH than in EALE and CHIT. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower (p < 0.05) in EALE, CHIT, and EACH than in CNTL. Erythrocyte numbers were lower (p < 0.05) in EALE than in CNTL and EACH. Hematocrit was lower (p < 0.05) in EALE and CHIT groups than in the other two groups. There was a tendency (p = 0.09) for heterophils to be higher in EACH than in CNTL. Thrombocyte counts were lower (p < 0.05) in EACH group than in the other groups. Serum globulin levels were higher (p < 0.05) in EACH than in CNTL and CHIT. The albumin-to-globulin ratio was higher (p < 0.05) in CNTL than in EALE and EACH. Coliform bacteria tended to be lower (p = 0.05) in the cecum of EACH broilers than that of other broilers. Similarly, the ratio of Lactic acid bacteria to coliforms tended to be higher (p = 0.08) in the cecum of EACH group than that in the other groups. Treatments did not influence the intestinal morphology of broiler chickens (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A combination of EALE and chitosan as feed additives enhanced the final body weight and feed efficiency (FCR) of broilers. These additives also increased the levels of heterophils, serum globulin, the ratio of LAB to coliforms, and reduced thrombocytes, albumin-to-globulin ratio, and cecal coliform bacteria. Hence, EALE and chitosan blend improved the growth performance, immune status, and intestinal health of broiler chickens.

Introduction Mitochondria are cell organelles that function as the cell’s main power plant, producing ATP, the main energy molecule in cells. Mitochondria play an important role in the context of neuroprotection, and mitochondrial function has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recent research in the field of neuroprotection has focused on the development of therapies that target mitochondria. Natural ingredients have long been used in traditional medicine and show potential as neuroprotective agents. Methods In this work, a literature review methodology is employed to gather data from the Scopus database using the keywords natural agents, herb*, neuroprotective, and mitochondria. The data were analyzed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software to produce visualizations and bibliometric maps. We conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses. Results The research trend found are documents by year, most global cited document, most relevant sources, A factorial map illustrating the leading contributors of papers, documents by author, documents by country or territory, documents by subject area, network visualization, overlay visualization of scopus database using vosviewer, density visualization, thematic map, thematic evolution, cluster analysis, qualitative analysis, and word cloud. Conclusions Natural Agent Neurotropik is a natural substance that influences the brain’s nervous system and peripheral nervous system, enhancing cognition, mood, and brain function. Derived from herbs, spices, and herbal products, it has advantages over other natural agents in energy production, brain biogenesis, and neuroprotection. Natural agents’ compositional heterogeneity affects reproductive results. Proper characterization and standardized extraction techniques are crucial for establishing plant extracts’ chemical profile. Dosage consistency is essential for standardized results. Long-term safety and potential toxicity should be evaluated. Comparing natural medicines with synthetic pharmaceuticals can enhance therapy efficacy and reduce drug resistance. Further research is needed to assess neuroprotection and mitochondrial function.

Herb compatibility is the soul of traditional Chinese Medicine prescriptions. Coptidis rhizoma (CR) (Coptis chinensis Franch., Coptis deltoidea C.Y.Cheng et Hsiao, or Coptis teeta Wall.; family Ranunculaceae), is a well-known herb. The bitter and cold nature of CR can irritate the spleen and stomach, and certain ingredients in CR may trigger allergic reactions. Herb combinations can help alleviate the side effects caused by CR. Through data analysis and literature research, there are many herbs combined with CR have a high frequency, but only a few are currently used as formulae in clinical practice. The results showed that these six herb pairs are usually widely studied or used as prescriptions in the clinic. This paper describes the six herb pairs from the key traditional uses, changes in bioactive constituents, and compatibility effects, especially with Euodiae fructus (family Rutaceae), Scutellariae radix (family Lamiaceae), Magnoliae Officinalis cortex (family Magnoliaceae), Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma (family Fabaceae), Ginseng radix et rhizoma (family Araliaceae), and Aucklandiae radix (family Asteraceae), and found that herbs are more effective when used in combination. Therefore, it is feasible to establish some methods to study herb pairs comprehensively from different perspectives. This paper aims to provide the latest and most comprehensive information on the six herb pairs and summarize the pattern of CR compatibility effects. It aims to attract more attention, and further experimental studies will be conducted to investigate and evaluate the effects of herb pairs containing CR. These data can also provide valuable references for researchers and also provide more possibilities for future applications in clinical practice and new drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cliffs contain one of the least known plant communities, which has been overlooked in biodiversity assessments due to the inherent inaccessibility. Our study adopted the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with the telephoto camera to remotely clarify floristic variability across unreachable cliffs. Studied cliffs comprised 17 coastal and 13 inland cliffs in Gageodo of South Korea, among which 9 and 5 cliffs were grazed by the introduced cliff-dwelling goats. The UAV telephotography showed 154 and 166 plant species from coastal and inland cliffs, respectively. Inland cliffs contained more vascular plant species (P < 0.001), increased proportions of fern and woody species (P < 0.05), and decreased proportion of herbaceous species (P < 0.001) than coastal cliffs. It was also found that coastal and inland cliffs differed in the species composition (P < 0.001) rather than taxonomic beta diversity (P = 0.29). Furthermore, grazed coastal cliffs featured the elevated proportions of alien and annual herb species than ungrazed coastal cliffs (P < 0.05). This suggests that coastal cliffs might not be totally immune to grazing if the introduced herbivores are able to access cliff microhabitats; therefore, such anthropogenic introduction of cliff-dwelling herbivores should be excluded to conserve the native cliff plant communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eryngo plant is an herb related to the Apiaceae family with the greatest diversity of species, has a gorgeous taste when eaten as a vegetable, and is traditionally used in folk medicine for its health benefits. The present study was to assess the effects of different drying methods and storage times on the quality and appearance of Eryngium caeruleum. The treatments of this study were drying methods (room temperature (25°C) with proper ventilation, oven temperature 55°C, vacuum oven temperature 55°C, and a microwave with a power of 500 W) and storage times (1, 75, and 150 days). The lowest brightness index and the highest browning index were found in the shade‐dried samples kept in the refrigerator for 150 days. In these samples, the numerical values of chlorophyll were lower than others. After 75 days, in the vacuum oven‐dried samples, the maximum levels of total phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant activity were calculated. The colorimetric test showed that the oven‐dried samples maintained their green color well. However, the storage decreased the quality of plant samples due to the degradation of chlorophyll. Overall, this study showed that the highest greenness and appearance qualities were found in the samples dried in a vacuum oven at 55°C. It seems that appearance indices can be introduced as an initial and quick step in the qualitative assessment of dried leafy products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the chef's experience with a newly implemented indoor hospital-based kitchen garden designed to supplement herbs ordered for patient meals and improve staff engagement. Background: Hospital-based therapeutic and kitchen gardens have emerged as effective health-promoting tools in hospital healthcare environments. They promote emotional, mental, and physical well-being for patients, visitors, and staff. However, formal evaluations are limited, and studies focusing on indoor hospital kitchen gardens are noticeably absent in the literature. Methods: Qualitative evaluation of a hospital-based kitchen garden. Open-ended interviews were conducted approximately 6 months after garden implementation and explored key informants (n = 6) overall experience, engagement with the garden, perceived benefits, and opportunities for improvement. Interview data was analyzed using a thematic approach. Results: The implementation of the kitchen gardens was met with overall acceptance among staff. However, the project's feasibility faced challenges related to local food service leadership, communication, and certain aspects of the garden setup. Despite these obstacles, the gardens contributed positively to the quality of meals by including fresh herbs and fostering greater staff engagement. Conclusions: The chefs viewed the concept of the hospital-based kitchen garden favorably, noting that it closely aligned with their mission of providing nutritious meals to patients. However, consideration of the broader issues facing hospital food services may be required to seamlessly integrate this task into the kitchen staff's daily routine. Further research is warranted to investigate the effective implementation and feasibility of indoor kitchen gardens in hospitals and their impact on patient menus, food service staff, and the workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Spices, because of their bioactive content, can cause irritation and allergic symptoms in the respiratory system and skin. Spice shop workers are constantly exposed to spices and dried herbs as part of their jobs. This study aimed to investigate the work-related symptoms of spice shop workers. Another aim was to assess the risk status of having an atopic nature for work-related symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Our research team visited the spice shops and a questionnaire was administered to 112 workers to assess work-related symptoms. In order to determine atopy, 79 of them had skin prick tests with common aeroallergens. RESULTS: Workers had eye complaints (19.6%), runny noses (22.3%), skin symptoms (9.8%), shortness of breath (9.8%), and coughs (19.6%) at work. The prevalence of atopy was 18%. Atopy was associated with work-related eye complaints (odds ratio (OR): 4.12, 95% CI: 1.17-14.46), work-related runny nose, and work-related cough (OR: 4.85, 95% CI: 1.44-16.32, and OR: 4.41, 95% CI: 1.30-14.97). CONCLUSIONS: The workers in spice shops are adversely affected by spices and dried herbs in their working environment. Being sensitive to common aeroallergens poses a risk for occupational symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While working on the taxonomic treatment of the family Gunneraceae for the Flora of Argentina, provisional typification for the minute herbaceous species Gunnera lobata and G. magellanica, and the giant herb G. tinctoria, as well as for some of their synonyms, was detected. Here, we designate lectotypes for G. lobata, G. magellanica, G. falklandica (= G. magellanica), and Panke tinctoria (= G. tinctoria), a neotype for G. reichei (= G. magellanica), and an epitype for G. tinctoria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]