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2. Teacher Preparation for Low-Incidence, High-Need Special Education Classrooms -- A Qualitative Analysis

Author

Higgins, James

Abstract

Teacher preparation programs are critical to the induction of new teachers into the field. Research has shown student teaching and embedded field experiences are essential components of these teacher preparation programs and are therefore included as a culminating element of teacher preparation programs. However, little is known of the effectiveness of these programs to prepare new teachers adequately to enter the self-contained special education classrooms in which less than 1% of students in New York State are educated. The purpose of this qualitative research was to understand the self-efficacy of novice self-contained special education teachers and the perceptions of faculty and staff of several Hudson Valley teacher preparatory programs toward teachers' preparation to meet the myriad needs of students in this low-incidence special education setting. Major findings of this study revealed novice special education teachers in self-contained settings who work with students with significant disabilities feel unprepared. Teacher preparation staff concurred their programs devote limited attention to the needs of teachers to work with high-needs students in self-contained classrooms. A document analysis indicated that programs do not provide specific coursework for preparation for these specialized settings. This study urged decision makers in teacher preparation programs to introduce courses and fieldwork in self-contained settings to simulate those situations in which novice teachers may work. Suggestions were also offered to special education administrators charged with introducing new teachers to better acclimate them to a setting that may be unfamiliar. Mentoring and other induction processes can be useful in supporting these new teachers. Such programs can impact the delivery of services positively, assist new teachers in their relationships with related service providers and para-educators, and increase new teacher retention. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2023

9. A horizon scan of global biological conservation issues for 2024

Author

Sutherland, William J., Bennett, Craig, Brotherton, Peter N.M., Butchart, Stuart H.M., Butterworth, Holly M., Clarke, Stewart J., Esmail, Nafeesa, Fleishman, Erica, Gaston, Kevin J., Herbert-Read, James E., Hughes, Alice C., James, Jennifer, Kaartokallio, Hermanni, Le Roux, Xavier, Lickorish, Fiona A., Newport, Sarah, Palardy, James E., Pearce-Higgins, James W., Peck, Lloyd S., Pettorelli, Nathalie, Primack, Richard B., Primack, Willow E., Schloss, Irene R., Spalding, Mark D., ten Brink, Dirk, Tew, Eleanor, Timoshyna, Anastasiya, Tubbs, Nicolas, Watson, James E.M., Wentworth, Jonathan, Wilson, Jeremy D., and Thornton, Ann

Published
2024
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10. An Aligned Rank Transform Procedure for Multifactor Contrast Tests

Author

Elkin, Lisa A., Kay, Matthew, Higgins, James J., and Wobbrock, Jacob O.

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Data from multifactor HCI experiments often violates the normality assumption of parametric tests (i.e., nonconforming data). The Aligned Rank Transform (ART) is a popular nonparametric analysis technique that can find main and interaction effects in nonconforming data, but leads to incorrect results when used to conduct contrast tests. We created a new algorithm called ART-C for conducting contrasts within the ART paradigm and validated it on 72,000 data sets. Our results indicate that ART-C does not inflate Type I error rates, unlike contrasts based on ART, and that ART-C has more statistical power than a t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and ART. We also extended a tool called ARTool with our ART-C algorithm for both Windows and R. Our validation had some limitations (e.g., only six distribution types, no mixed factorial designs, no random slopes), and data drawn from Cauchy distributions should not be analyzed with ART-C.

Published
2021

11. A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Comparison of Conduits Versus Decellularized Nerve Allograft for Digital Nerve Repairs

Author

Bozentka, David, Levin, L. Scott, Steinberg, David, Gray, Benjamin, Lin, Ines, Isaacs, Jonathan, Frankenhoff, Jessica, Cotterell, Ilvy, Rinker, Brian, Duggal, Anil, Bourne, Debra, Drake, David, Wong, Lesley, Stewart, Daniel, Liau, James, Vasconez, Henry, Li, Zhongyu John, Butler, Katherine, Graves, Benjamin, Koman, L. Andrew, Wiesler, Ethan, Papadonikolakis, Anastasios, Nunez, Fiesky, Sr., Bayne, Christopher, Szabo, Robert, Deal, D. Nicole, Chhabra, A. Bobby, Behar, Brittany, Dacus, Angelo, DeGeorge, Brent, Freilich, Aaron, Hammert, Warren, Ketonis, Constantinos, Means, Kenneth R., Higgins, James, Katz, Ryan, LaPorte, Dawn, Paryavi, Ebrahim, Wittstadt, Raymond, Giladi, Avarim, Sadhu, Anita, Zimmerman, Neal, Zimmerman, Ryan, Spiess, Alexander, Acarturk, Tahsin, Solari, Mario, Merrell, Gregory A., Greenberg, Jeffrey, Crosby, Nicholas, Hoyer, Reed, Kaplan, F. Thomas, Smetana, Brandon, Leversedge, Fraser, Ruch, David, Erdmann, Detlev, Mithani, Suhail, Richard, Marc, Nydick, Jason A., Hess, Alfred, Stone, Jeffrey, Garcia, Michael, Chen, David, Hui-Chou, Helen, Owens, Patrick, Askari, Morad, Dodds, Seth, Ilyas, Asif, Leinberry, Charles, Jr., Jones, Christopher, Wang, Mark, Liss, Frederic, Rivlin, Michael, Matthias, Robert, Chan, Chung, Wright, Thomas, Jr., Taylor, Kenneth, Jr., Darowish, Michael, Payatakes, Alexander, Hauck, Randy, Koester, Alan, Novotny, Steven, Young, Colby, Jones, Jedediah, Fadell, David, Williams, Carl, Kokmeyer, Daniel, Kevin Chan, Tsz Kit, Geissler, Jacqueline, and Varecka, Thomas

Published
2023
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14. MSH2 shapes the meiotic crossover landscape in relation to interhomolog polymorphism in Arabidopsis

Author

Blackwell, Alexander R, Dluzewska, Julia, Szymanska‐Lejman, Maja, Desjardins, Stuart, Tock, Andrew J, Kbiri, Nadia, Lambing, Christophe, Lawrence, Emma J, Bieluszewski, Tomasz, Rowan, Beth, Higgins, James D, Ziolkowski, Piotr A, and Henderson, Ian R

Subjects
Biotechnology, Genetics, Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis Proteins, Cell Cycle, Chromatin, Chromosomes, Crossing Over, Genetic, DNA Repair, DNA Replication, Homologous Recombination, Meiosis, MutS Homolog 2 Protein, Mutagenesis, Polymorphism, Genetic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Arabidopsis, MSH2, crossover, meiosis, polymorphism, Biological Sciences, Information and Computing Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

During meiosis, DNA double-strand breaks undergo interhomolog repair to yield crossovers between homologous chromosomes. To investigate how interhomolog sequence polymorphism affects crossovers, we sequenced multiple recombinant populations of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Crossovers were elevated in the diverse pericentromeric regions, showing a local preference for polymorphic regions. We provide evidence that crossover association with elevated diversity is mediated via the Class I crossover formation pathway, although very high levels of diversity suppress crossovers. Interhomolog polymorphism causes mismatches in recombining molecules, which can be detected by MutS homolog (MSH) mismatch repair protein heterodimers. Therefore, we mapped crossovers in a msh2 mutant, defective in mismatch recognition, using multiple hybrid backgrounds. Although total crossover numbers were unchanged in msh2 mutants, recombination was remodelled from the diverse pericentromeres towards the less-polymorphic sub-telomeric regions. Juxtaposition of megabase heterozygous and homozygous regions causes crossover remodelling towards the heterozygous regions in wild type Arabidopsis, but not in msh2 mutants. Immunostaining showed that MSH2 protein accumulates on meiotic chromosomes during prophase I, consistent with MSH2 regulating meiotic recombination. Our results reveal a pro-crossover role for MSH2 in regions of higher sequence diversity in A. thaliana.

Published
2020

15. From one environment to many: The problem of replicability of statistical inferences

Author

Higgins, James J., Higgins, Michael J., and Lin, Jinguang

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Among plausible causes for replicability failure, one that has not received sufficient attention is the environment in which the research is conducted. Consisting of the population, equipment, personnel, and various conditions such as location, time, and weather, the research environment can affect treatments and outcomes, and changes in the research environment that occur when an experiment is redone can affect replicability. We examine the extent to which such changes contribute to replicability failure. Our framework is that of an initial experiment that generates the data and a follow-up experiment that is done the same way except for a change in the research environment. We assume that the initial experiment satisfies the assumptions of the two-sample t-statistic and that the follow-up experiment is described by a mixed model which includes environmental parameters. We derive expressions for the effect that the research environment has on power, sample size selection, p-values, and confidence levels. We measure the size of the environmental effect with the environmental effect ratio EER which is the ratio of the standard deviations of environment by treatment interaction and error. By varying EER, it is possible to determine conditions that favor replicability and those that do not.

Published
2019

20. A global biological conservation horizon scan of issues for 2023

Author

Sutherland, William J., Bennett, Craig, Brotherton, Peter N.M., Butterworth, Holly M., Clout, Mick N., Côté, Isabelle M., Dinsdale, Jason, Esmail, Nafeesa, Fleishman, Erica, Gaston, Kevin J., Herbert-Read, James E., Hughes, Alice, Kaartokallio, Hermanni, Le Roux, Xavier, Lickorish, Fiona A., Matcham, Wendy, Noor, Noor, Palardy, James E., Pearce-Higgins, James W., Peck, Lloyd S., Pettorelli, Nathalie, Pretty, Jules, Scobey, Richard, Spalding, Mark D., Tonneijck, Femke H., Tubbs, Nicolas, Watson, James E.M., Wentworth, Jonathan E., Wilson, Jeremy D., and Thornton, Ann

Published
2023
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22. Engaging Schools with Long-Term Monitoring of Nature

Author

Pearce-Higgins, James W.

Abstract

Biodiversity-monitoring citizen science schemes provide valuable long-term monitoring data and benefit participants. There is increasing interest in engaging young people with nature. The British Trust for Ornithology's 'What's Under Your Feet?' project shows how schoolchildren can monitor soil invertebrates. Although individual projects like this are often funding- and time-limited, more generic long-term biodiversity-monitoring citizen science schemes may be equally suitable for school participation. Exemplar schemes from the UK are reviewed, and the potential advantages in school participation for teachers and students are highlighted in order to raise awareness of this potential opportunity

Published
2021

25. Optimizing Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks Using Ant Colony Optimization to Predict Turbine Engine Vibration

Author

ElSaid, AbdElRahman, Desell, Travis, Jamiy, Fatima El, Higgins, James, and Wild, Brandon

Subjects
Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

This article expands on research that has been done to develop a recurrent neural network (RNN) capable of predicting aircraft engine vibrations using long short-term memory (LSTM) neurons. LSTM RNNs can provide a more generalizable and robust method for prediction over analytical calculations of engine vibration, as analytical calculations must be solved iteratively based on specific empirical engine parameters, making this approach ungeneralizable across multiple engines. In initial work, multiple LSTM RNN architectures were proposed, evaluated and compared. This research improves the performance of the most effective LSTM network design proposed in the previous work by using a promising neuroevolution method based on ant colony optimization (ACO) to develop and enhance the LSTM cell structure of the network. A parallelized version of the ACO neuroevolution algorithm has been developed and the evolved LSTM RNNs were compared to the previously used fixed topology. The evolved networks were trained on a large database of flight data records obtained from an airline containing flights that suffered from excessive vibration. Results were obtained using MPI (Message Passing Interface) on a high performance computing (HPC) cluster, evolving 1000 different LSTM cell structures using 168 cores over 4 days. The new evolved LSTM cells showed an improvement of 1.35%, reducing prediction error from 5.51% to 4.17% when predicting excessive engine vibrations 10 seconds in the future, while at the same time dramatically reducing the number of weights from 21,170 to 11,810.

Published
2017

33. Wastewater Treatment for Nutrients and Pathogens in a Demonstration-Scale Outdoor Constructed Wetland System.

Author

Hussain, Syed I., Blowes, David W., Ptacek, Carol J., Wootton, Brent C., Balch, Gordon, and Higgins, James

Subjects
BASIC oxygen furnaces, CONSTRUCTED wetlands, ZERO-valent iron, ESCHERICHIA coli, WASTEWATER treatment
Abstract

A demonstration-scale outdoor constructed wetland (CW) wastewater treatment system was evaluated for about two years for its effectiveness in treating septic system effluents. The system included three treatment cells: an anaerobic cell, an aerated cell, and a basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS)-based phosphorus (P) treatment cell. High removal efficiencies were achieved, with reductions of >99% for PO4-P, >83% for NH3-N, >99% for cBOD5, and >76% for COD, with influent concentrations averaging 6, 48, 63, and 143 mg L−1, respectively. Additionally, pathogens removal were high, with an over 99% decrease in E. coli and total coliform levels. The BOFS cell was critical, elevating effluent pH to 10.9 ± 1.5, which effectively inactivated pathogens. Environmental safety before discharge was ensured by CO2(g) sparging to adjust the pH and a zero-valent iron layer in the BOFS cell to control dissolved metal concentrations. Analytical techniques (FESEM-EDX, FTIR, and XANES) confirmed the formation of Ca carbonate and Ca phosphate on spent BOFS, highlighting their role in the treatment process. This study highlights the potential of integrating complementary technologies in constructed wetlands for sustainable and efficient wastewater management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Spatial variation in spring arrival patterns of Afro‐Palaearctic bird migration across Europe.

Author

Border, Jennifer A., Boersch‐Supan, Philipp H., Pearce‐Higgins, James W., Hewson, Chris M., Howard, Christine, Stephens, Philip A., Willis, Stephen G., Houston, Alasdair I., Gargallo, Gabriel, and Baillie, Stephen R.

Subjects
BIRD migration, SPRING, COLD (Temperature), DEBYE temperatures, SPATIAL variation, CITIZEN science, GROWING season, PLANT phenology
Abstract

Aim: Geographical patterns of migrant species arrival have been little studied, despite their relevance to global change responses. Here, we quantify continent‐wide interspecific variation in spatiotemporal patterns of spring arrival of 30 common migrant bird species and relate these to species characteristics and environmental conditions. Location: Europe. Time Period: 2010–2019. Major Taxa Studied: Birds, 30 species. Methods: Using citizen science data from EuroBirdPortal, we modelled arrival phenology for 30 Afro‐Palaearctic migrant species across Europe to extract start and duration of species arrival at a 400 km square resolution. We related inter and intraspecific variation in arrival and duration to species characteristics and temperature at the start of the growing season (green‐up). Results: Spatial variation in start of arrival times indicates that it took, on average, 1.6 days for the leading migratory front to move northwards by 100 km (range: 0.6–2.5 days). There was a major gradient in arrival phenology, from species which arrived earlier, least synchronously, in colder temperatures and progressed slowly northwards to species which arrived later, most synchronously and in warmer temperatures and advanced quickly through Europe. The slow progress of early arrivers suggests that temperature limits their northward advance; this group included Aerial Insectivores and species wintering north of the Sahel. For the late arrivers, which included species wintering further south, seasonal resource availability in Africa may delay their arrival into Europe. Main Conclusions: We found support for the green‐wave hypothesis applying widely to migratory landbirds. Species arrival phenologies are linked to ecological differences between taxa, such as diet, and wintering location. Understanding these differences informs predictions of species' sensitivity to global change. Publishing these arrival phenologies will facilitate further research and have additional conservation benefits such as informing designation of hunting seasons. Our methods are applicable to any taxa with repeated occurrence data across large scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. Strengthening the evidence base for temperature-mediated phenological asynchrony and its impacts

Author

Samplonius, Jelmer M., Atkinson, Angus, Hassall, Christopher, Keogan, Katharine, Thackeray, Stephen J., Assmann, Jakob J., Burgess, Malcolm D., Johansson, Jacob, Macphie, Kirsty H., Pearce-Higgins, James W., Simmonds, Emily G., Varpe, Øystein, Weir, Jamie C., Childs, Dylan Z., Cole, Ella F., Daunt, Francis, Hart, Tom, Lewis, Owen T., Pettorelli, Nathalie, Sheldon, Ben C., and Phillimore, Albert B.

Published
2021
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44. A Horizon Scan of Emerging Global Biological Conservation Issues for 2020

Author

Sutherland, William J., Dias, Maria P., Dicks, Lynn V., Doran, Helen, Entwistle, Abigail C., Fleishman, Erica, Gibbons, David W., Hails, Rosie, Hughes, Alice C., Hughes, Jonathan, Kelman, Ruth, Le Roux, Xavier, LeAnstey, Becky, Lickorish, Fiona A., Maggs, Luke, Pearce-Higgins, James W., Peck, Lloyd S., Pettorelli, Nathalie, Pretty, Jules, Spalding, Mark D., Tonneijck, Femke H., Wentworth, Jonathan, and Thornton, Ann

Published
2020
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45. Explaining and predicting animal migration under global change

Author

Howard, Christine, primary, Mason, Tom H. E., additional, Baillie, Stephen R., additional, Border, Jennifer, additional, Hewson, Chris M., additional, Houston, Alasdair I., additional, Pearce‐Higgins, James W., additional, Bauer, Silke, additional, Willis, Stephen G., additional, and Stephens, Philip A., additional

Published
2023
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48. Obtaining the Thermal Structure of Lakes from the Air

Author

Chung, Michaella, Detweiler, Carrick, Hamilton, Michael, Higgins, James, Ore, John-Paul, and Thompson, Sally

Subjects
BRII recipient: Chung
Abstract

The significance of thermal heterogeneities in small surface water bodies as drivers of mixing and for habitat provision is increasingly recognized, yet obtaining three-dimensionally-resolved observations of the thermal structure of lakes and rivers remains challenging. Remote observations of water temperature from aerial platforms are attractive: such platforms do not require shoreline access; they can be quickly and easily deployed and redeployed to facilitate repeated sampling and can rapidly move between target locations, allowing multiple measurements to be made during a single flight. However, they are also subject to well-known limitations, including payload, operability and a tradeoff between the extent and density over which measurements can be made within restricted flight times. This paper introduces a novel aerial thermal sensing platform that lowers a temperature sensor into the water to record temperature measurements throughout a shallow water column and presents results from initial field experiments comparing in situ temperature observations to those made from the UAS platform. These experiments show that with minor improvements, UASs have the potential to enable high-resolution 3D thermal mapping of a ∼1-ha lake in 2–3 flights (circa 2 h), sufficient to resolve diurnal variations. This paper identifies operational constraints and key areas for further development, including the need for the integration of a faster temperature sensor with the aerial vehicle and better control of the sensor depth, especially when near the water surface.

Published
2015

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