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Gain flatness of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is an important aspect to support high speed multimedia applications for smart devices, cloud computing, big data analysis and high definition television (HDTV) as it achieves equal power for all dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) channels. In this paper, we compare 32 and 64 channels 10 Gbps DWDM system using hybrid EDFA+ Ytterbium-doped silica fiber amplifier (YDFA) in C + L band for 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 nm wavelength spacing along with FBG for gain flattening. The system performance has been analyzed in terms of optical signal to noise ratio and spectral gain fluctuation observed from the optical power spectrums. It is observed that YDFA although extends the amplification window of EDFA from 1530 to 1610 nm (C to L band), but gain fluctuates over the operating wavelength range. Gain flatness is enormously improved (5–10 dB) by adding FBG as a gain flattening filter to the hybrid (EDFA+YDFA) amplifier. It is found that as the channel spacing decreases (from 1.6 to 0.4 nm) and the number of channels increases (from 32 to 64), the gain reduces due to inter-channel crosstalk and four wave-mixing effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid data growth driven by smart phone, high-definition television and virtual reality/augmented reality devices and so on, the launched 5G and upcoming 6G wireless communications tend to utilize millimeter wave (mmWave) to achieve broad bandwidth. In order to compensate for the high propagation loss in mmWave wireless communications and track the moving users, beamforming and beamsteering are indispensable enabling technologies. These have promising potential to be realized through the use of optical beamforming networks (OBFNs) that have a wider bandwidth and smaller size, lower power consumption, and lower loss compared to those of their electric counterparts. In this paper, we systematically review various OBFN architectures using true time delays and optical phase shifters, as well as discuss performances of different architectures, scalable technologies that promote the advancement of OBFNs, and the application potentials of OBFNs. Two-dimensional OBFNs with discrete components or integrated optical devices have been elaborated, in addition to one-dimensional architectures. Moreover, the state-of-the-art technologies relative to reducing the size, loss and nonlinearity of OBFNs have also been discussed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, specifically designed video codecs have been preferred due to the expansion of video data in Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Context Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) is the entropy coding module widely used in recent video coding standards such as HEVC/H.265 and VVC/H.266. CABAC is a well known throughput bottleneck due to its strong data dependencies. Because the required context model of the current bin often depends on the results of the previous bin, the context model cannot be prefetched early enough and then results in pipeline stalls. To solve this problem, we propose a prediction-based context model prefetching strategy, effectively eliminating the clock consumption of the contextual model for accessing data in memory. Moreover, we offer multi-result context model update (MCMU) to reduce the critical path delay of context model updates in multi-bin/clock architecture. Furthermore, we apply pre-range update and pre-renormalize techniques to reduce the multiplex BAE's route delay due to the incomplete reliance on the encoding process. Moreover, to further speed up the processing, we propose to process four regular and several bypass bins in parallel with a variable bypass bin incorporation (VBBI) technique. Finally, a quad-loop cache is developed to improve the compatibility of data interactions between the entropy encoder and other video encoder modules. As a result, the pipeline architecture based on the context model prefetching strategy can remove up to 45.66% of the coding time due to stalls of the regular bin, and the parallel architecture can also save 29.25% of the coding time due to model update on average under the condition that the Quantization Parameter (QP) is equal to 22. At the same time, the throughput of our proposed parallel architecture can reach 2191 Mbin/s, which is sufficient to meet the requirements of 8 K Ultra High Definition Television (UHDTV). Additionally, the hardware efficiency (Mbins/s per k gates) of the proposed architecture is higher than that of existing advanced pipeline and parallel architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the production and reception of a selection of computer source code briefly visible onscreen in "Founder Friendly," an episode of the HBO satire series Silicon Valley. This text, made legible by the affordances of streaming high definition television, invited fans to engage in interrupted viewing, close reading, and tele-participation practices, in which they froze playback, examined, compiled, and ran the source code, and shared their interpretations and results. Yet the creation of such authentic and generative objects was enabled by a close collaboration and alignment of interests between the production team and technology industry insiders. In this case, the satire's pursuit of high-definition verisimilitude led to the replication of some of the very practices and logics it critiqued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival of the 5G era, along with the gradual acceleration of information technology development, makes all kinds of new media gradually integrated into all corners of people's life, work, and study. Communication systems are breaking the original boundaries and moving toward communion. "Convergence Media" is a general term of new media which is built on modern network technology and integrates various media forms. In this context, animation design not only is limited to two-dimensional or three-dimensional creation, but also formed a new form of animation expression, namely, MG animation. For MG animation, with its simple artistic modeling elements and flexible rhythm, people have gained new cognition. When the Internet information is transmitted, MG animation can output a large number of dynamic images and text to people in a very short time, which is similar to the current mode of new media communication. It can make information more attractive and appealing with the visual performance of MG animation. In order to improve the quality and efficiency of animation, convergence media technology is applied to the drawing and production of animation. The emergence and continuous improvement of software such as AE, PR, and PS and other software have a strong compatibility and can fully meet our various requirements for MG animation production, thus bringing the audience a different kind of animation experience. AE, a common software for video production, can create a variety of striking visual effects with high efficiency and precision, with powerful effects control and millions of plug-ins to achieve a wide range of animation effects. High-quality video rendering supports resolutions from 4 × 4 to 30,000 × 30,000 pixels including high-definition television (HDTV). Therefore, in terms of animation production, we can choose to mainly use AE for production and rendering. In terms of drawing tools, PS is the software of choice, with no delay in drawing, dithering correction, selection, and other features which are quite outstanding, and has a great advantage in drawing lines and coloring. Based on this, this paper mainly explores the design and production cases of MG 2D animation from the new media perspective using the intelligent design technology. The animation designed by the method in this paper can also be used for medical treatment management or lesion display in the medical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pb1-xCoxFe12O19 nano-crystallites with an average crystal diameter varying between 74 and 86 nm are prepared via sol-gel auto-combustion. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the single-phase P63/mmc space group. The surface morphology of the samples carried out using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) revealed the long hexagonal structure of the ferrites. Dielectric characterization is studied from room temperature to 800 K and in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. The ferrites exhibited two transition peaks in this temperature region which are attributed to phase transitions between ferroelectric to anti-ferroelectric and anti-ferroelectric to paraelectric phase. The composition x = 0.75 is suitable for high definition television deflection yokes for it has exhibited the highest dielectric constant, low ac electrical conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examined the effect of depressive symptoms on production and perception of conversational and clear speech (CS) sentences. Method: Five talkers each with high-depressive (HD) and low-depressive (LD) symptoms read sentences in conversational and clear speaking style. Acoustic measures of speaking rate, mean fundamental frequency (F0; Hz), F0 range (Hz), and energy in the 1-3 kHz range (dB) were obtained. Thirty-two young adult participants (15 Hd, 16 LD) heard these conversational and clear sentences mixed with energetic masking (speech-shaped noise) at -5 dB SPL signal-to-noise ratio. Another group of 39 young adult participants (18 HD, 19 LD) heard the same sentences mixed with informational masking (one-talker competing speech) at -12 dB SPL signal-to-noise ratio. The key word correct score was obtained. Results: CS was characterized by a decreased speaking rate, increased F0 mean and range, and increased energy in the 1-3 kHz range. Talkers with HD symptoms produced these modifications significantly less compared to talkers with LD symptoms. When listening to speech in energetic masking (speech-shaped noise), listeners with both HD and LD symptoms benefited less from the CS produced by HD talkers. Listeners with HD symptoms performed significantly worse than listeners with LD symptoms when listening to speech in informational masking (one-talker competing speech). Conclusions: Results provide evidence that depressive symptoms impact intelligibility and have the potential to aid in clinical decision making for individuals with depression., Depression is a common mental condition that affects a wide variety of chronic physical and social disabilities, such as addiction, unemployment, and suicide attempts (Kessler & Bromet, 2013). The World [...]

Herein, two deep‐blue emissive molecules (SAF‐PI and SAF‐DPI) are designed and synthesized using spiro[acridine‐9,9'‐fluorene] as a donor (D) substituted with 2‐(3‐methylphenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole as an acceptor (A), forming twisted D−A and A−D−A structures, respectively. The photophysical studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that both molecules exhibit hybridized local excited and charge transfer (HLCT) characteristics with deep blue emission color. They are effectively applied as non‐doped emitters in OLEDs. Particularly, SAF‐PI‐based device achieves the high‐definition television (HDTV) standard blue color emission peaked at 428 nm with CIE coordinate of (0.156, 0.053), a narrow full width at half maximum of 55 nm, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 4.57% and an exciton utilization efficiency of 65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra high definition (UHD) video is considered as a technology that generates a video image with a resolution 16 times as many pixels as high definition television. Extensive and complex computational difficulties are there to generate a video in super-resolution (SR). Some extensive floating-point computations are needed for the direct implementation of area-pixel scaling, which is a factor for calculating one target pixel. In this paper, a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network and Cuckoo Search (CNN-CS) algorithm are proposed, which can replace the large scale of complex training and time-consuming machine learning technique. Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm is based on bird's levy-flight approach that can optimize the CNN. CS forecasting model isolates the redundant or irrelevant image patches and, therefore, it reduces the required memory space. The SR is performed effectively in hardware with less hardware utilization and memory space, where LR input data are processed line-by-line using the proposed hybrid CNN-CS algorithm. To optimize the design constraints, CS forecasting model estimates the required patches. Parallel sub pipeline (PSP) technique improves the parallelism process thereby reducing the computational complexity and improving the throughput rate and speed of execution. Finally, the proposed hybrid CNN-CS SR design is coded in Verilog HDL and is implemented with the XCKU040 FPGA device. To validate the proposed CNN-CS SR algorithm, standard datasets, such as Set-5, Set-14, BS-100 and Urban-100, are used. The visual quality of the proposed CNN-CS SR design is evaluated by the standard evaluation metrics such as peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and SSIM. The proposed hybrid CNN-CS SR design is compared with the existing state-of-the-art techniques both qualitatively and quantitatively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improved the throughput of 42.83%, memory space and power consumption are reduced to 16.16%, 63.81%, respectively, over the existing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an implementation of a 3- layer transmitter and receiver using Layer Division Multiplexing (LDM), in Software Defined Radio (SDR). The main idea of this work is to show another point of view of the traditional LDM technique that uses two layers. This proposal uses an attenuated intermediate layer, called Middle Layer (ML), between the highest power layer, called Upper Layer (UL), and the most attenuated layer, called Lower Layer (LL). The UL is fully compatible with the Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial - Version B (ISDBTB). The ML, with greater robustness, and LL, with higher capacity, use powerful channel coders, a custom frame size and an adapted bit interleaver. With the use of this modified LDM, it is possible to develop a system with different robustness levels between layers and with lower layers that complement each other, to achieve bit rates that allow for the deployment of High Definition Television (HDTV), in the UL, and Ultra High Definition Television (UHDTV), in the ML and LL. In addition, a system was also implemented with three layers, but with the ML with higher capacity and the LL with greater robustness. The performance of the 3-layer system was compared with the 2-layer LDM technique and there was an improvement in the system modularity, without a decrease in the bit rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadcasters are converting their live program production facilities to Internet Protocol (IP)-networks. The introduction of IP-networks has many possibilities such as cost reduction and remote production, and various efforts are underway. At present, the main issue is to consider the construction of equipment for 2K high definition television (HDTV), and it is expected that the introduction of higher speed 4K and 8K ultra-HDTV (UHDTV) will accelerate in the future. In video transmissions using high-speed signals, video degradation due to packet loss such as random loss and burst loss that occurs in the network-switch of a transmission path becomes a problem. In the case of 4K and 8K UHDTV transmissions, since the number of packets per unit time increases, this problem becomes more serious. Therefore, it is indispensable to apply quality compensation technology to achieve high-quality video transmission. Forward error correction (FEC) using erasure codes is a key compensation method for recovering lost packets at the receiving side in unidirectional transmission. In this paper, we propose an exclusive OR-based FEC method with improved burst loss tolerance. Using this method, we have developed a transmission device for uncompressed 8K UHDTV signals over IP-networks using 100-Gb/s Ethernet packets. Experimental and simulation results clarified that the proposed method can improve the number of recoverable packets at the time of burst loss to twice as many as the conventional Pro-MPEG FEC method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telepresence is the virtual presence of a speaker who is physically distant. It involves the use of technologies that create a sense of being present with distant participants. The concept of telepresence has evolved to include the composition of visual images on screens, drawing from principles of photographic composition. Important guidelines for creating a telepresence image include the rule of thirds, simplifying the frame, proper lighting, emphasizing the center of interest (usually the speaker), and considering the depth and location of the speaker within the frame. These guidelines can help create visually appealing and effective telepresence scenes. [Extracted from the article]

This research investigated the impact of different processing temperature (extrusion at 160[degrees]C and 180[degrees]C) and the influence of the Ti[O.sub.2] and CaC[O.sub.3] fillers on morphology, mechanical, and thermal properties of polylactide (PLA) blended with low-density polyethylene (PE-LD) and high-density polyethylene (PE-HD) in 90/10 weight ratio. The impact of the particle size of the filler was also examined with the three types of Ti[O.sub.2] filler. It has been shown that the different processing temperature has no significant impact on the morphology, mechanical, and thermal properties of PLA/PE-LD 90/10 and PLA/PE-HD 90/10 polymer blends. It has also been shown that better phase interaction is not the crucial factor for the improvement of the mechanical properties but the domain size distribution of the dispersed phase within the matrix and the dispersion of the filler are. Samples with a narrow size distribution of the dispersed phase domain (5 to 10 [micro]m) with the higher portion of larger domains that are uniformly distributed within the polymer matrix showed best mechanical properties., INTRODUCTION Due to their specific properties, polymers have found application in various areas of human activity so nowadays they are considered the most important technical materials. However, as the application [...]

Athletes with hidden disabilities (HD) often exhibit behaviors that are not conducive to the sporting environment (e.g., inattentive behaviors, inability to remember plays). Coaches may label these athletes as problematic or challenging and may negatively adjust their behaviors toward these athletes. As frequent observers of their children, the parent/ guardian's perception of coaching behaviors is particularly pivotal because this perception can guide that of the child, as well as whether the child continues to participate. This study sought to investigate parents' perceptions of their young athletes' experience in recreational sports. Three hundred eleven parents/guardians were surveyed; 30 indicated that their child had been tested for learning disabilities. Parents of athletes exhibiting HD behaviors reported higher frequencies of negative behaviors in coaches., Within the United States, approximately 10% of children have a disability, which can include varying levels of deficit in the areas of language processing, attention, impulse control, and motor control [...]

A disintegrine and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is implicated in synaptic function through its interaction with postsynaptic receptors and adhesion molecules. Here, we report that levels of active ADAM10 are increased in Huntington's disease (HD) mouse cortices and striata and in human postmortem caudate. We show that, in the presence of polyglutamine-expanded (polyQ-expanded) huntingtin (HTT), ADAM10 accumulates at the postsynaptic densities (PSDs) and causes excessive cleavage of the synaptic protein N-cadherin (N-CAD). This aberrant phenotype is also detected in neurons from HD patients where it can be reverted by selective silencing of mutant HTT. Consistently, ex vivo delivery of an ADAM10 synthetic inhibitor reduces N-CAD proteolysis and corrects electrophysiological alterations in striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) of 2 HD mouse models. Moreover, we show that heterozygous conditional deletion of ADAM10 or delivery of a competitive TATPro-[ADAM10.sup.709-729] peptide in R6/2 mice prevents N-CAD proteolysis and ameliorates cognitive deficits in the mice. Reduction in synapse loss was also found in R6/2 mice conditionally deleted for ADAM10. Taken together, these results point to a detrimental role of hyperactive ADAM10 at the HD synapse and provide preclinical evidence of the therapeutic potential of ADAM10 inhibition in HD., Introduction Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) protein (1, 2). HTT is localized at the synapse, where [...]

There are ongoing efforts to develop novel phosphors with the properties required to make an object look as natural as it does under sunlight. It has been proven that particle morphology influences the luminescent properties of a phosphor. The rare-earth pyrosilicates, such as La 2 Si 2 O 7 (LSO) are currently regarded as novel promising scintillators and protective pigments because of their good chemical and thermal stabilities. However, to date, there have been no reports available on the definite morphology of the LSO matrix and the precise luminescent properties of the trivalent europium (Eu3+)-doped LSO phosphor. Herein, we report the development of Eu3+-activated dumbbell-shaped LSO nanocrystalline phosphors using a two-step solvothermal and hydrothermal approach. After regrowth, the amorphous natured LSO:Eu3+ precursor was transformed into well-defined LSO:Eu3+ dumbbell-shaped nanocrystalline phosphors (LSO-R:Eu3+) with a pure monoclinic phase. The phase purity was verified by Rietveld refinement analysis. The formation mechanism of the dumbbell-shaped particles was evaluated using surface morphological studies, and the involvement of the crystal splitting mechanism was established. The luminescence spectra revealed robust red emission at 614 nm under ultraviolet (UV) and near-UV excitations. The dipole-dipole interactions between the neighboring Eu3+ ions induced the concentration quenching in LSO host matrix. Chromaticity coordinates (0.645, 0.342) emerged in the reddish-orange region and were comparable to the standard-definition and high-definition digital television coordinates (0.640, 0.330). Therefore, these results indicate that the synthesized LSO-R:Eu3+ dumbbell-shaped nanocrystalline phosphor is a promising auxiliary red component for assembling desired white light-emitting diodes for indoor illuminations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decade 2010-2020 saw fast-paced developments in profes­sional lenses and cameras— moving on the fronts o f both broad­cast television production and digital cinematography. The long-established 213-in. image format made a surprisingly smooth transition from two decades o f high-definition television (H D T V ) to 4 K ultrahigh definition (UHD )—although, behind the scenes, this posed significant chal­lenges to both lens and image sensor developments. The 213-in. B 4 lens-camera mount standard remained a foundation for this transition. The decade bore witness to extraordinary international standardization activities that produced the parameter values for 4K UHD and 8 K UHD for production and international program exchange— closely following with allied standards on high dynamic range (HDR'.) and wide color gamut (WCG ). The current hesitancy in the U.S. to inaugurate 4K UHD delivery services propelled camera manufacturers to introduce broadcast television cameras that are multi format— switchable between H D and UHD and between 2K and 4 K digital cinema initiative (DC1) — and also multipurpose in being able to switch between HD colorimetry and WCG, and between HDR and stan­dard dynamic range (SDR). Optical manufacturers applied major resources into developing 213-in. 4K broadcast television lenses. Meanwhile, amidst this uncertainty, 8K UHD broadcast­ing became a major agenda in some Asian regions, and the attendant developments in lenses and cameras significantly contributed to technologi­cal advances in the parallel 4K sys­tems. The year 2010 saw the transition from the first generation HDI2K Super 35-m m digital cin­ematography lenses and cameras to 4K acquisition systems. New international manufacturers arrived in both arenas,and vigorous competitive activities escalated the pace o f their respective technological developments. Within this decade, the full promise of H D R and W CG became evident for movie mak­ing and episodic television produc­tion. Within this same time span, the extraordinary emergence o f the over-the-top (OTT ) tech giants into the world o f content creation, and inter­national distribution, soon witnessed an upsurge in both the quantity of high-end scripted content and high expectations in quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the effect of cell resolution change on the luminous efficacy of an alternating current plasma display panel with the three-dimensional plasma simulation. The luminous efficacy decreased and the minimum sustain voltage increased as the resolution increased from VGA to full high definition (HD) resolution, due to the increased particle loss to the enclosing surfaces. A simple increase of the Xe content to realize the high luminous efficacy resulted in a much enhanced luminous efficacy decremental ratio as the cell resolution increases because of the increased plasma loss and decreased electron heating efficacy. We are proposing some effective ways of realizing high luminous efficacy in the high resolution 50-in. full HD cell, such as the increase of the sustain electrode gap, the adoption of a segmented electrode in delta color arrayed, enclosed subpixel, type cell with 4:3 aspect ratio, and the optimization of the barrier rib height. Because the adoption of those geometrical parameters causes the reduced plasma loss, the transport efficacy of visible light from phosphor through the front plate in a full HD cell resulted in much increased improvement with the increase of Xe content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs about new technology and products. Three laptop computers are highlighted: Sony Vaio T250, IBM X40, and the 12-inch Apple Powerbook G4. La Cie manufactures an external drive with terabyte capacity. Thumb "drives" can provide solid-state storage for under $100. The price and features of Verizon's wireless broadband service are mentioned. Palm's Treo 650 cell phone is an example of a "smartphone". Sirius and XM are satellite radio service providers and portable products in this category are Tao's XM2GO and Pioneer's AirWare. The digital video recorder (DVR) technology category includes Slingbox and DVR service from Replay and Tivo. Digital/high definition (HD) plasma television prices are expected to come down and should be about $1,500 within the year. HDTV is recommended over "ED", or enhanced definition.