4,104 results on '"HIGH-protein diet"'
Search Results
2. L-theanine regulates the immune function of SD rats fed high-protein diets through the FABP5/IL-6/STAT3/PPARα pathway
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Zhang, Yangling, Song, Yuxin, Zhang, Jiao, Li, Lanlan, He, Lin, Bo, Jiahui, Gong, Zhihua, and Xiao, Wenjun
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- 2023
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3. FoxO transcription factors regulate urea cycle through Ass1
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Karkoutly, Samia, Takeuchi, Yoshinori, Mehrazad Saber, Zahra, Ye, Chen, Tao, Duhan, Aita, Yuichi, Murayama, Yuki, Shikama, Akito, Masuda, Yukari, Izumida, Yoshihiko, Matsuzaka, Takashi, Kawakami, Yasushi, Shimano, Hitoshi, and Yahagi, Naoya more...
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- 2024
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4. In vivo expansion of gene-targeted hepatocytes through transient inhibition of an essential gene.
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De Giorgi, Marco, Park, So Hyun, Castoreno, Adam, Cao, Mingming, Hurley, Ayrea, Saxena, Lavanya, Chuecos, Marcel A., Walkey, Christopher J., Doerfler, Alexandria M., Furgurson, Mia N., Ljungberg, M. Cecilia, Patel, Kalyani R., Hyde, Sarah, Chickering, Tyler, Lefebvre, Stephanie, Wassarman, Kelly, Miller, Patrick, Qin, June, Schlegel, Mark K., and Zlatev, Ivan more...
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BLOOD coagulation factor IX ,DNA repair ,HIGH-protein diet ,HEPATOTOXICOLOGY ,GENOME editing - Abstract
Homology-directed repair (HDR)–based genome editing is an approach that could permanently correct a broad range of genetic diseases. However, its utility is limited by inefficient and imprecise DNA repair mechanisms in terminally differentiated tissues. Here, we tested Repair Drive, a platform technology for selectively expanding HDR-corrected hepatocytes in adult mice in vivo. Repair Drive involves transient conditioning of the liver by knocking down an essential gene, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah), and delivering an untargetable version of the essential gene in cis with a therapeutic transgene. We show that Repair Drive increased the percentage of correctly targeted hepatocytes in healthy wild-type mice up to 25%, which resulted in a fivefold increased expression of a therapeutic transgene, human factor IX (FIX). Repair Drive was well tolerated and did not induce toxicity or tumorigenesis during a 1-year follow-up. This approach may broaden the range of liver diseases that can be treated with somatic genome editing. Editor's summary: Homology-directed repair–based gene editing mechanisms can be difficult to apply to terminally differentiated tissues because of their relative lack of cellular replication. De Giorgi et al. developed a sequential transgene plus siRNA approach to increase the expansion of correctly gene-edited hepatocytes in adult mice without provoking liver toxicity or permanently altering liver metabolism during a 1-year follow-up. When combined with a high-protein diet to increase selection pressure, the system gene corrected about a quarter of all hepatocytes per mouse, which could potentially provide enough targeted cell expansion to treat certain liver conditions. This study supports further investigation of this hepatocyte gene editing system. —Catherine Charneski [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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5. Efficacy of different nutrition interventions on sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
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Sobhrakhshankhah, Elham, Farahmand, Mohammad, Hasan Rashedi, Minoo, Shahinfar, Hossein, Shab-bidar, Sakineh, Dinari, Saghar, and Doustmohammadian, Azam
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HIGH-protein diet ,MUSCLE mass ,MUSCLE strength ,BAYESIAN analysis ,SKELETAL muscle ,SARCOPENIA - Abstract
Background & aims: Sarcopenia, characterized by the loss of muscle mass and strength, is a significant concern in cirrhotic patients. Nutritional interventions have been explored for its management, but the comparative efficacy of these interventions remains unclear. This study synthesizes current evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional interventions for sarcopenia in cirrhosis. Methods: Data sources included Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Library up to Dec 2024. Eligible trials compared different nutritional interventions against control diets, placebos, or each other. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed to combine direct and indirect evidence. Effect sizes were calculated as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Intervention rankings were assessed using P-score, and evidence quality was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: A total of 14 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1,437 patients met the inclusion criteria. For improving muscle mass (MAMC), post-paracentesis intravenous nutritional support combined with an oral nutritional protocol (Treat A) showed the greatest effect compared to high-calorie, high-protein diets (HCHP) (MD: 2.78 cm, 95% CI: 1.15 to 4.40, low certainty), and oral nutritional protocol (Treat B) (MD of 3.41 cm, 95% CI: 2.12, 4.69). For muscle strength, the HINT diet (MD: 8.01 kg, 95% CI: 7.64 to 8.37, low certainty) and the HCHP (MD: 5 kg, 95% CI: 3.90 to 6.10, low certainty) were more effective than control diets. HCHP also demonstrated greater handgrip improvement than the HINT diet (MD: 3.00 kg, 95% CI: 1.84, 4.16; low certainty evidence). BCAA combined with vitamin D (2000 IU once a day) significantly improved skeletal muscle index (SMI) compared to both BCAA (MD: 0.72 kg/m
2 , 95% CI: 0.11 to 1.34; low certainty evidence) and placebo (MD: 0.25 kg/m2 , 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.05; very low certainty evidence). BCAA supplementation effectively improved handgrip strength compared to placebo (MD: 2.36 kg, 95% CI: 1.85, 2.88; low certainty evidence). Conclusions: Post-paracentesis intravenous nutritional support combined with an oral nutritional protocol effectively improves muscle mass, while high-calorie, high-protein diets enhance handgrip strength. BCAA supplementation alone or with vitamin D has been shown to effectively enhance muscle strength and muscle mass. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously due to low evidence certainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2025
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6. Relationship between the ratio of increase in lean tissue to body weight gain and energy required to gain body weight in growing rats.
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Obikawa, Kiyora, Kitaguchi, Mizuki, Kondo, Emi, and Okamura, Koji
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ADIPOSE tissues ,FOOD consumption ,BODY weight ,BODY composition ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,DIETARY fats ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ENERGY metabolism ,RATS ,LEAN body mass ,ANIMAL experimentation ,HIGH-protein diet ,REGRESSION analysis ,WEIGHT gain ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Although the energy stored in the lean tissue (LT) and adipose tissue (AT) is well known, the energy required to synthesise these tissues is obscure. Theoretically, the energy at the point at which ΔLT/Δ body weight (BW) reaches 100 % on a regression line, which indicates the relationship between ΔLT/ΔBW and the energy required for BW gain, is considered to be the energy expended to synthesise LT. Therefore, we investigated this relationship in rats. Rats were fed diets with different ratios of protein, fat and carbohydrates because their ΔLT/ΔBW values were expected to be different. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats had ad libitum access to normal (N, n 6), high-fat (HF, n 7) or high-protein (HP, n 8) diets for 4 weeks. The ΔLT/ΔBW was 0·77 in the N, 0·70 in the HF and 0·87 in the HP groups, respectively. The average energy required to gain BW was 8·8 kJ/g in the N group, 7·0 kJ/g in the HF group and 11·3 kJ/g in the HP group. We observed a positive correlation between ΔLT/ΔBW and energy required for BW gain. The regression line demonstrated that the energy expended to synthesise LT was 13·9 kJ/g and AT was −7·9 kJ/g. Therefore, combined with the energy stored in LT, the energy required to accumulate LT is approximately 19 kJ/g, whereas the energy to accumulate AT could not be elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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7. A fishy gut feeling – current knowledge on gut microbiota in teleosts.
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Tolas, Ingvill, Zhou, Zhigang, Zhang, Zhen, Teame, Tsegay, Olsen, Rolf Erik, Ringø, Einar, and Rønnestad, Ivar
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GUT microbiome ,FISH farming ,SHORT-chain fatty acids ,HIGH-protein diet ,MICROBIAL diversity ,PROBIOTICS - Abstract
The importance of the gastrointestinal microbiota (GM) in health and disease is widely recognized. Although less is known in fish than in mammals, advances in molecular techniques, such as 16S rRNA sequencing, have facilitated characterization of fish GM, comprising resident autochthonous and transient allochthonous bacteria. The microbial diversity and composition are strongly influenced by diet. High-protein diets, including alternative ingredients like plant and insect proteins, modify GM, impacting beneficial bacteria e.g. Cetobacterium. Lipids affect microbial metabolism and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, while excessive carbohydrates can disrupt GM balance, causing enteritis. Dietary additives, including probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics, effectively modulate GM. Probiotics enhance immunity and growth, prebiotics support beneficial bacteria, and antibiotics, though effective against pathogens, disrupt microbial diversity and may promote antibiotic resistance. Environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, and pollution, significantly influence GM. Elevated temperatures and salinity shifts alter microbial composition, and pollutants introduce toxins that compromise intestinal function and microbial diversity. Stress and pathogen infections further destabilize GM, often favoring pathogenic bacteria. GM communicates with the host via metabolites such as SCFAs, bile acids, and neurotransmitters, regulating appetite, energy metabolism, immunity, and neural functions. Additionally, GM influences the immune system by interacting with epithelial cells and stimulating immune responses. Despite recent advances, further research is needed to elucidate species-specific mechanisms underlying GM-host interactions, the ecological implications of GM diversity, and its applications in aquaculture to optimize fish health and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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8. Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity.
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De la Fuente, Blanca, Milagro, Fermín I., Cuervo, Marta, Martínez, José A., Riezu-Boj, José I., Zalba, Guillermo, Marti Del Moral, Amelia, and García-Calzón, Sonia
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Background and aim: Telomere length (TL) is a key biomarker of cellular aging, with shorter telomeres associated with age-related diseases. Lifestyle interventions mitigating telomere shortening are essential for preventing such conditions. This study aimed to examine the effects of two weight loss dietary strategies, based on a moderately high-protein (MHP) diet and a low-fat (LF) diet on TL in individuals with overweight or obesity. Methods and Results: A total of 164 participants, aged 18–65 years from the OBEKIT trial received the MHP (n = 83) or the LF diet (n = 81) for 4 months and had TL data for analyses. TL was measured at baseline and after 4 months of the intervention using monochrome multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MMqPCR). Both groups experienced significant improvements in anthropometric and biochemical parameters after the dietary intervention (p < 0.001). The MHP group showed an increase in TL (+0.16 ± 0.13) compared to the LF group (−0.05 ± 0.13) in multiple-adjusted models (p = 0.016). An interaction was observed between the sex and dietary group, where women in the MHP group had increased TL (+0.23 ± 0.16) after 4 months compared to women in the LF group (−0.13 ± 0.15; p = 0.001); no differences between dietary groups were found in men. This increase in TL for women was associated with an increase in protein intake (p = 0.006), measured through dietary questionnaires. Conclusion: This study shows that a MHP diet may have a protective effect on TL during weight loss, particularly in women, potentially contributing to healthier aging. These results highlight the importance of considering macronutrient composition in dietary interventions aimed at preserving TL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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9. Lethal Arrhythmogenic Role of Left Ventricular Myocardial Interstitial Fibrosis in Apolipoprotein E/Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Double-Knockout Mice with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis.
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Liu, Jinyao, Oba, Yumiko, Kondo, Yosuke, Nakaki, Ryo, and Yamano, Seiko
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LIPOPROTEIN receptors , *HIGH-protein diet , *HIGH-fat diet , *ARRHYTHMIA , *LIVER diseases , *APOLIPOPROTEIN E - Abstract
The combination of alcohol and a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat atherogenic diet (AD) increases the risk of lethal arrhythmias in apolipoprotein E/low-density lipoprotein receptor double-knockout (AL) mice with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study investigates whether left ventricular (LV) myocardial interstitial fibrosis (MIF), formed during the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), contributes to this increased risk. Male AL mice were fed an AD with or without ethanol for 16 weeks, while age-matched AL and wild-type mice served as controls. Liver and heart tissues were analyzed, and susceptibility to lethal arrhythmias was assessed through histopathology, fluorescence immunohistochemistry, RNA-Seq, RT-PCR, and lethal arrhythmia-evoked test. Ethanol combined with an AD significantly induced LV MIF in MASH-affected AL mice, as shown by increased fibrosis-related gene expression, Sirius-Red staining, and elevated collagen 1a1 and 3a1 mRNA levels, alongside a higher incidence of lethal arrhythmias. Cardiac myofibroblasts exhibited sympathetic activation and produced elevated levels of fibrosis-promoting factors. This study highlights the role of cardiac myofibroblasts in LV MIF, contributing to an increased incidence of lethal arrhythmias in MASH-affected AL mice fed ethanol and AD, even after the alcohol was fully metabolized on the day of consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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10. The Effect of a High-Whey Protein Diet Combined With Lactobacillus acidophilus on Insulin Resistance, Intestinal Microbiota, and the Histology of the Liver, Spleen, Kidneys, and Colon.
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Sbaihia, Aicha, Benbouziane, Bouasria, Keddari, Soumia, Bentahar, Mohamed C., and Fedal, Hiba
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HIGH-protein diet ,LACTOBACILLUS acidophilus ,INSULIN resistance ,GUT microbiome ,HISTOLOGY - Abstract
The diet profoundly impacts the microbial ecology in the gastrointestinal tract and the majority of biological functions. This study attempts to discover the effects of chronic high-protein diets (HPD) and Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) on the liver, spleen, kidneys, and colon histology, with a special focus on their interactions with the gut flora. In a 12-week treatment program, which categorised four groups of obese rats, each receiving either a normal diet (14% whey protein) or a high-protein diet (50% whey protein), with and without the inclusion of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAB). The HPD diet significantly increased liver transaminases (AST (78.29 U/L) and ALT (66.43 U/L)), while normal diets raised insulin levels (0.95 μU/mL); however, their combination with LAB improved HbA1c (2.5) and insulin levels (0.25μU/mL). HPD caused infiltrations in the muscular layers of the colon and hypertrophy of the glomeruli, as well as dilation and congestion of the capillary sinuses, not to mention the significant infiltration in the splenic red and white pulps. Normal diets caused fatty deposits in the kidneys and hyalinisation of the tubules, as well as lymphatic aggregations in the intestinal crypts and damage to epithelial tissue. The consumption of high-protein diets in association with LAB (10%) significantly increased the number of Lactobacillus compared to the group on normal diets and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in HPD without LAB association (12%). The association of LAB to the HPD diet improves their impact on general physiological functions and specifically improves gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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11. Low-calorie and high-protein diet has diverse impacts on the muscle, bone, and bone marrow adipose tissues.
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Romano, Beatriz Coimbra, Araújo, Iana Mizumukai de, Ribeiro, Mariana S P, Silva, Luciana T Parreiras e, Dick-de-Paula, Ingid, Fukada, Sandra Y, Porto, Felipe Manoel, Jorgetti, Vanda, Pereira, Francisco de Assis, Elias, Lucila Leico Kagohara, and Paula, Francisco José Albuquerque de more...
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HIGH-protein diet ,HEMATOPOIETIC stem cells ,BONE marrow cells ,LEAN body mass ,BONE health - Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of a high-protein diet under conditions of calorie restriction (CR) in the muscle, adipose tissue, bone, and marrow adipose tissue (MAT). It included three groups of 20 female Wistar Hannover rats, fed with the following diets for 8 wk: control group (C) fed with an AIN93M diet, CR group (R) fed with an AIN-93M diet modified to 30% CR, and CR + high-protein group (H) fed with an AIN-93M diet modified to 30% CR with 40% protein. Body composition was determined by DXA. The femur was used for histomorphometry and the estimation of adipocytes. Microcomputed tomography (μCT) was employed to analyze the bone structure. Hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow were harvested for osteoclastogenesis. Body composition revealed that the gain in lean mass surpassed the increase in fat mass only in the H group. Bone histomorphometry and μCT showed that a high-protein diet did not mitigate CR-induced bone deterioration. In addition, the number of bone marrow adipocytes and the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into osteoclasts were higher in H than in the other groups. These results indicated that under CR, a high-protein diet was beneficial for muscle mass. However, as the μCT scanning detected significant bone deterioration, this combined diet might accentuate the detrimental effect on the skeleton caused by CR. Remarkably, the H group rats exhibited greater MAT expansion and elevated hematopoietic stem cell differentiation into osteoclasts than the CR and control counterparts. These data suggest that a high protein may not be an appropriate strategy to preserve bone health under CR conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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12. تأثیر پودر آویشن شیرازی و سطوح مختلف پروتئین جیره بر عملکرد رشد، پاسخهای فیزیولوژیکی و کیفیت گوشت جوجه های گوشتی.
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علیرضا ولی زاده, على خطیب جو, حسن شیرزادی, and مهدی سلطانی
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BLOOD cell count ,ESSENTIAL amino acids ,COLOR of meat ,DIETARY proteins ,LOW-protein diet ,HIGH-protein diet - Abstract
Objective: Recently, the inclusion of phytogenic feed additives in poultry for the purpose of supplementing gut health and positively impacting performance has received a great deal of attention and concern. Thyme is used in poultry nutrition in the form of herbal feed additive as it is known that its contents, such as thymol and carvacrol, have a positive impact on broiler performance and feed utilization, which in turn results in enhanced economic profits. This improvement in performance can be attributed to activation of the digestive system structure and function which causes an enhanced absorption and metabolism of the nutrient supplement and its ability to alter the gut microbiota. Formulating diets based on ideal protein concept aim to reduce total N-excretions and ammonia emissionswhile meeting the nutritional needs of the animals. Poultry needs a specific quantity and balance of essential amino acids and nitrogen (for synthesis nonessential amino acids, NEAA) rather than crude protein. Chickens fed the standard levels of dietary protein can synthesize NEAA from excess essential amino acids. However, when low-protein diets are used, less EAA is available for NEAA synthesis. Reducing dietary protein in broiler feed is not a new subject. However, it is revealed that only few trials covered an entire production cycle with several feeding phases while majority of experiments focused on one phase only. Thyme improve protein afficiency Method: in this experiment, the effect two levels of Zataria multifolra (0 and 0.5 %) and two protein levels (100 (CP100) and 95 (CP95) % of Ross-308 broiler chickens’ requirement) on growth performance, physiological responses and meat quality were studied. In a completely randomized design with 2×2 factorial arrangement, 280 Ross-308 broiler chickens (one-d-old, mixed sexes) were allocated to 4 treatments, 5 replicates and 14 birds in each replicate. Growth performance, immune response, blood metabolites, blood cell count, meat quality and jejunum morphometry were considered. Results: Feed intake, BW and FCR of finisher and total period of production, carcass parameters except abdominal fat percentage were not affected by thyme poweder, protein levels or their interaction (P > 0.05) while inclusion of thyme powder on CP100 diet improved BW and BWG of broiler chickens during starter and grower periods (P<0.05). Inclusion of thyme powder on CP95 diet decreased serum cholesterol and LDLcholesterol and increased HDL concentration. Feeding CP95 diet contatining 0.5 thyme poweder led to increase total protein concentration and decreased liver enzymes activity (P < 0.05). Also, feeding CP95 diet containing thyme powder decreased heterophile but increased lymphocyte count (P<0.05). Dietary treatments had no significant effects on humoral immune response, relative weight of lymphoid organs, breast and thigh meat pH and color, and jejunum morphometry. Conclusions: In conclusion, apart from addition of thyme powder, 5 percent protein dilution in this experiment had no negative effects on growth performance, immune response and meat quality of broiler chickens and it maybe suggestible for broiler chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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13. A high-protein diet-responsive gut hormone regulates behavioral and metabolic optimization in Drosophila melanogaster.
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Yoshinari, Yuto, Nishimura, Takashi, Yoshii, Taishi, Kondo, Shu, Tanimoto, Hiromu, Kobayashi, Tomoe, Matsuyama, Makoto, and Niwa, Ryusuke
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PEPTIDE hormones ,DROSOPHILA melanogaster ,HIGH-protein diet ,GASTROINTESTINAL hormones ,LIFE sciences ,ENTEROENDOCRINE cells - Abstract
Protein is essential for all living organisms; however, excessive protein intake can have adverse effects, such as hyperammonemia. Although mechanisms responding to protein deficiency are well-studied, there is a significant gap in our understanding of how organisms adaptively suppress excessive protein intake. In the present study, utilizing the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, we discover that the peptide hormone CCHamide1 (CCHa1), secreted by enteroendocrine cells in response to a high-protein diet (HPD), is vital for suppressing overconsumption of protein. Gut-derived CCHa1 is received by a small subset of enteric neurons that produce short neuropeptide F, thereby modulating protein-specific satiety. Importantly, impairment of the CCHa1-mediated gut-enteric neuronal axis results in ammonia accumulation and a shortened lifespan under HPD conditions. Collectively, our findings unravel the crosstalk of gut hormone and neuronal pathways that orchestrate physiological responses to prevent and adapt to dietary protein overload. Organisms regulate their feeding behavior to prevent overconsumption of certain nutrients. Here, the authors identify the importance of gut hormones in suppressing protein overfeeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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14. Editorial: Nutrition for team and individual sport athletes.
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López-Samanes, Alvaro, Trakman, Gina, and Roberts, Justin D.
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SPORTS nutrition ,PHYSIOLOGY ,HEALTH literacy ,DIETARY fats ,PHYSICAL mobility ,HIGH-protein diet ,HABIT - Abstract
The editorial discusses the importance of personalized nutrition strategies for athletes in team and individual sports, focusing on dietary supplements like caffeine, beetroot juice, carbohydrate mouth-rinsing, menthol, and turmeric. The research highlights the potential benefits of these supplements in improving performance and recovery in athletes. Additionally, the editorial explores the relationships between body composition, nutritional status, health, and sports performance, emphasizing the significance of nutrition knowledge and dietary practices in optimizing athletic performance. The wider aspects of diet and nutrition, including their impact on cognitive performance and mental health in athletes, are also discussed in the editorial. [Extracted from the article] more...
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- 2024
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15. Increased dietary protein rather than fiber supports key metabolic and intestinal tissue functions in pigs, without increasing postweaning diarrhea.
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Diether, N. E., Kommadath, A., Fouhse, J. M., Zijlstra, R. T., Stothard, P., and Willing, B. P.
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LOW-protein diet , *HIGH-protein diet , *DIETARY proteins , *CELL physiology , *DIETARY fiber - Abstract
The postweaning period in pigs is a critical window where nutritional interventions are implemented to prevent postweaning diarrhea (PWD) and antibiotic use. One common strategy is feeding low-protein diets immediately following weaning. This intervention may reduce protein fermentation and pathogen proliferation, therefore decreasing the incidence of postweaning diarrhea. These effects may also be mitigated by providing dietary fiber. However, studies examining the role of protein and fiber on gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolism are complicated by the presence of other substrates, including polyphenols and antinutritional factors in complex ingredients. In this study, semipurified diets formulated to meet nutrient requirements were fed to 40 weaned pigs (n = 10/diet) to examine the effects of high protein (HP), high fiber (HF), or both (HFHP) compared with a control (CON) diet with industry-standard crude protein and fiber content. Critical alterations in host metabolism and cecal transcriptome were identified in response to the CON diet. Diets with lower protein levels (CON and HF) induced alteration in transcripts from the serine synthesis pathways and integrated stress response in cecal tissue alongside systemic increases in metabolic pathways related to lysine degradation. High protein diets did not induce increases in gastrointestinal pathogen abundance. These results challenge the practice of feeding low-protein diets postweaning, by demonstrating a detrimental effect on intestinal cell function and muscle accretion. This suggests that with careful ingredient selection, increased dietary protein postweaning could improve pig health and growth compared with a standard diet. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: Although low-protein diets are commonly used for weaned pigs and are thought to decrease diarrhea incidence, this study showed that low-protein diets may induce muscle catabolism and intestinal epithelial stress response. Eventhough high-protein diets increased protein fermentation by gut microbes, no increase in diarrhea was detected. Protein fermentation was mitigated by fiber while still supporting growth and intestinal epithelial cell function, suggesting new strategies for feeding weaned pigs with careful ingredient selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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16. Epigenetic regulation of ABCG2 promoter methylation in adolescents with hyperuricemia.
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HUANG, XUETING, XU, CHAOJIE, LI, CHEN, and PAN, ZHIXIAN
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CRISPRS , *GENE expression , *HIGH-protein diet , *DNA methylation , *URIC acid - Abstract
Background: Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder which is characterized by increased serum uric acid levels, which can contribute to serious health issues such as gout, cardiovascular disease, and kidney damage. Epigenetic modifications, for example, DNA methylation, exert a crucial function in gene regulation and have been implicated in various metabolic disorders. The ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 (ABCG2) gene is involved in uric acid excretion, and its expression can be influenced by methylation of its promoter region. Methods: This study involved the design of three guide RNA (gRNA) sequences targeting specific CpG sites within the ABCG2 promoter region. Using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/dead Cas9-Ten-Eleven Translocation 1 (CRISPR/dCas9-TET1) system, these gRNAs were employed to guide targeted demethylation of the ABCG2 promoter in cell models. A non-targeting gRNA served as a negative control. The methylation status of the ABCG2 promoter and its effect on gene expression were assessed using bisulfite sequencing and qRT-PCR. Results: Among the gRNAs tested, gRNA2 and gRNA3 effectively guided the dCas9-TET1 complex to the ABCG2 promoter, resulting in significant demethylation. gRNA2 showed the most pronounced effect, leading to a substantial increase in ABCG2 expression. Clinical data analysis revealed that adolescents with hyperuricemia had higher uric acid levels compared to healthy controls, and a higher proportion of the hyperuricemia group reported a high-protein diet, suggesting a link between diet and ABCG2 methylation. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that targeted demethylation of the ABCG2 promoter can significantly upregulate its expression, which may help modulate uric acid levels. These results indicate that dietary factors, such as a high-protein diet, could influence ABCG2 methylation and thus impact hyperuricemia. Advanced research is necessary to explore the therapeutic potential of aiming at epigenetic modifications for the treatment of hyperuricemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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17. Recent advancement of zooplankton enriched with nutrients and probiotic isolates from aquaculture systems: a review.
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Ashaari, Aisyah, Iehata, Shumpei, Kim, Hee-Jin, and Rasdi, Nadiah W.
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SUSTAINABLE aquaculture , *HIGH-protein diet , *NUTRITIONAL requirements , *SHRIMP culture , *NUTRITIONAL value , *PROBIOTICS - Abstract
Globally, aquaculture is evolving in new directions achieving the critical goal of sustainable global aquaculture. A good larval-rearing diet is essential for the cultivation of aquaculture species, especially in larvae growth, survival and disease resistance. However, the success of larval rearing has been limited by the early use of artificial meals. Zooplankton are used as feed to fish/shrimp larvae in aquaculture due to their high nutrient content and easy digestibility. Enrichment methods are practised because they can manipulate the nutritional composition of zooplankton to meet the nutritional requirements of the fish/shrimp larvae. It is necessary for the improvement, growth and development during the first feeding phase of the larvae because fish require balanced and high-protein diets. Examining the most recent advancements in this field, this review focuses on the techniques for enriching zooplankton with vital nutrients and probiotics. It emphasizes how these improvements affect the nutritional value of zooplankton and the well-being of organisms cultivated. We also address the challenges and constraints of the enrichment method. This review attempts to offer insights into the future directions and potential advantages of zooplankton enrichment in boosting aquaculture productivity and sustainability through a thorough analysis of previous studies and breakthroughs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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18. Association of empirically derived dietary patterns and COVID-19 among adults in Iran
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Hassanizadeh, Shirin, Darabi, Zahra, Khosravi, Maryam, Mirzaei, Masoud, and Hosseinzadeh, Mahdieh
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- 2024
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19. Magnificent MAST.
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VANNEST, LOREN
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CHESTNUT ,CROPS ,WHITE clover ,PEARS ,DIETARY proteins ,FORAGE ,HIGH-protein diet - Abstract
The article discusses the importance of planting mast-bearing trees and shrubs to attract wildlife, particularly whitetails, for hunting and wildlife encounters. Mast, which includes fruits and nuts, provides essential nutrition for wildlife in the fall and winter. The text emphasizes the benefits of planting various types of mast-bearing trees, such as apples, chestnuts, persimmons, hazelnuts, and pawpaws, to enhance wildlife habitat, provide food sources, and increase property value. Additionally, the article highlights the cost-effectiveness and long-term benefits of planting mast-bearing trees compared to traditional food plots. [Extracted from the article] more...
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- 2024
20. The Medical Medium and Linus Pauling's Heart Theory and Therapy.
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Fonorow, Owen R.
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LOW-carbohydrate diet ,HIGH-fructose corn syrup ,CHEMICAL processes ,DIETARY fats ,VITAMIN C ,HIGH-protein diet ,SWEETNESS (Taste) - Abstract
The article discusses the Medical Medium's perspective on the importance of glucose for the heart and overall health, challenging previous theories about glucose-ascorbate antagonism. The Medical Medium emphasizes the need for glucose to power cells and facilitate nutrient absorption, recommending taking vitamin C and lysine with glucose for optimal results. The article also highlights the Medical Medium's dosage recommendations for vitamin C and lysine, as well as insights on glucose, fats, and methylation in relation to health and disease prevention. [Extracted from the article] more...
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- 2024
21. Growth Performance, Carcass Quality, and Lipid Metabolism in Krškopolje Pigs and Modern Hybrid Pigs: Comparison of Genotypes and Evaluation of Dietary Protein Reduction.
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Škrlep, Martin, Poklukar, Klavdija, Vrecl, Milka, Brankovič, Jana, and Čandek-Potokar, Marjeta
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LOW-protein diet , *HIGH-protein diet , *DIETARY proteins , *MUSCLE growth , *MEAT quality , *ERECTOR spinae muscles - Abstract
Simple Summary: The Krškopolje pig has a reputation for being more resilient and having a lower protein requirement compared to modern breeds, which is important for sustainable agriculture. However, this difference needs to be proven by comparing the genotypes under the same conditions. The present study compares this indigenous Slovenian breed with modern hybrid pigs, investigating the effects of reduced dietary protein intake on growth and meat quality. Our research showed that dietary protein reduction in modern pigs led to a slight decrease in performance but not in Krškopolje pigs, confirming its lower protein requirement and better adaptability. Overall, the modern pigs grew faster and deposited more muscle, while the Krškopolje pigs deposited more fat. Their fat was also more saturated. The meat from Krškopolje pigs showed a better aptitude for processing into high-quality meat products. The results obtained can help farmers in rearing Krškopolje pigs more efficiently and thus preserve the breed and offer high-quality meat products. This study compared the performance, meat quality and adipose tissue characteristics of Krškopolje pigs and modern hybrid pigs under identical rearing conditions, besides examining the effects of dietary protein reduction in both genotypes. A total of 29 pigs (14 Krškopolje and 15 hybrids) were assigned to litter into two dietary groups (high and low protein). The low-protein diet for hybrid pigs corresponded to the high-protein diet for Krškopolje pigs. All diets were iso-energetic. Dietary protein reduction decreased growth rate and muscle development in modern hybrids but had no significant impact on performance, quality or metabolic traits in Krškopolje pigs. Genotype differences revealed that Krškopolje pigs had lower growth rates, less lean and more fat deposition, as reflected in thicker subcutaneous and higher intramuscular fat compared to modern hybrids. Krškopolje pigs also exhibited higher myoglobin concentration and fatty acid saturation. Lipogenic enzyme activity and histo-morphological traits behaved in a tissue-specific manner but still indicated a greater lipogenic potential in Krškopolje pigs. This study provides valuable insights into breed-specific responses to dietary changes and highlights the unique characteristics of Krškopolje pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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22. Alterations in Glucagon Levels and the Glucagon-to-Insulin Ratio in Response to High Dietary Fat or Protein Intake in Healthy Lean Adult Twins: A Post Hoc Analysis †.
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Schuppelius, Bettina, Schüler, Rita, Pivovarova-Ramich, Olga, Hornemann, Silke, Busjahn, Andreas, Machann, Jürgen, Kruse, Michael, Park, Soyoung Q., Kabisch, Stefan, Csanalosi, Marta, Ost, Anne-Cathrin, and Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H. more...
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Background/Objectives: Emerging data support evidence of the essential role of glucagon for lipid metabolism. However, data on the role of dietary fat intake for glucagon secretion is limited. This analysis investigated whether altering nutritional fat intake affects glucagon levels in healthy subjects. Methods: A total of 92 twins (age: 31 ± 14 years, BMI: 23 ± 3 kg/m
2 ) consumed two 6-week diets: first a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (LFD) followed by an isocaloric high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (HFD). In total, 24 twins (age: 39 ± 15 years, BMI: 24 ± 2 kg/m2 ) continued with a high-protein diet (HPD). Clinical investigations were performed after 6 weeks of the LFD, after 1 and 6 weeks of the HFD and after 6 weeks of the HPD. Results: The LFD caused a significant decrease in fasting glucagon (−27%, p < 0.001) compared to baseline. After 6 weeks of the HFD, glucagon increased (117%, p < 0.001 vs. LFD), while free fatty acids decreased. Six weeks of the HPD further increased glucagon levels (72%, p = 0.502 vs. HFD), although fasting amino acid levels remained constant. Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR moderately increased after one week of the HFD, while six weeks of the HPD significantly decreased both. The fasting glucagon-to-insulin ratio decreased during the LFD (p < 0.001) but increased after the HFD (p < 0.001) and even further increased after the HPD (p = 0.018). Liver fat, triglycerides and blood glucose did not increase during the HFD. The heritability of glucagon levels was 45% with the LFD. Conclusions: An HFD increases glucagon levels and the glucagon-to-insulin ratio under isocaloric conditions compared to an LFD in healthy lean subjects. This rise in glucagon may represent a metabolic response to prevent hepatic steatosis, as glucagon increases have been previously shown to induce hepatic fat oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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23. Lessons learned from a combined, personalized lifestyle intervention in hospitalized patients at risk for sarcopenia: a feasibility study.
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van Exter, S. H., Koenders, N., van der Wees, P. J., Drenth, J. P. H., and van den Berg, M. G. A.
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AEROBIC exercises , *HIGH-protein diet , *EXERCISE therapy , *MEDICAL personnel , *FUNCTIONAL training - Abstract
AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusionsTrial registration\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONTo examine the feasibility of a combined, personalized exercise and nutrition intervention in hospitalized patients at risk of sarcopenia.The study is part of the FITFOOD randomized controlled trial. Eligible patients were randomized into two groups: receiving a personalized nutrition and exercise intervention, or receiving usual care. The intervention entailed a high-protein diet with daily protein supplementation combined with functional training with strength and aerobic exercises. Feasibility was assessed using quantitative data, such as recruitment rate, and qualitative data retrieved from focus group and individual semi-structured interviews.In total, 14 out of 115 eligible patients participated. The recruitment rate was 12%, and the dropout rate was 50% (7 out of 14 participants). Patients at risk for sarcopenia found it difficult to be involved in a lifestyle intervention, because they were often preoccupied with their recovery, had little interest in changing their diet or level of exercise, and were often unable to participate fully due to health issues and mobility difficulty.The evaluated combined, personalized lifestyle intervention had limited feasibility in hospitalized patients at risk for sarcopenia, with low recruitment and high dropout rates. The current lifestyle intervention might be too challenging for this vulnerable population.The trial associated with this feasibility study was pre-registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the registration number NCT05413616 on 07 June 2022.Rehabilitation healthcare professionals must tailor lifestyle interventions for populations at risk for sarcopenia on patients’ disease burden, preferences, and challenges.Rehabilitation healthcare professionals should make lifestyle interventions an integral part of usual care because lifestyle interventions otherwise will be perceived as an additional burden.A combined, personalized lifestyle intervention, consisting of nutritional and exercise components, may be supported by daily protein supplements and comprehensive physiotherapy guidance.Rehabilitation healthcare professionals must tailor lifestyle interventions for populations at risk for sarcopenia on patients’ disease burden, preferences, and challenges.Rehabilitation healthcare professionals should make lifestyle interventions an integral part of usual care because lifestyle interventions otherwise will be perceived as an additional burden.A combined, personalized lifestyle intervention, consisting of nutritional and exercise components, may be supported by daily protein supplements and comprehensive physiotherapy guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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24. Nutritional Evaluation and Cost Analysis of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as a Replacement of Fish Meal in the Diets of GIF Tilapia.
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Geoffery, G. K. Raswin, Athithan, S., Pereira, J. Jaculine, Amirtharaj, K. S. Vijay, Jeyashakila, R., and Ruby, P.
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FISH meal , *HIGH-protein diet , *WATER hyacinth , *FISH growth , *COST analysis , *FISH feeds - Abstract
Background: Aquaculture's explosive growth has made it more and more dependent on outside feed sources. Fish meal serves as the primary source of protein for external feed inputs. These days, it's difficult to provide a high-protein diet at a reasonable price. Numerous investigations have been carried out to assess the viability of using plant-based protein sources in place of fish meal in a tilapia's diet. Methods: The current study was planned to study the performance of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) when fed with Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). In the present trial, major feed ingredients were mixed in the feed at different concentration viz., 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. Every day the fishes were fed at the rate of 5% of their body weight. The experiment was conducted for a period of 90 days and the sampling was carried out once in a fortnight. Result: This study suggests replacing fish meal at low concentrations or no replacement tends to increase the growth of the fish without compromising the cost of the feed. The water hyacinth diet helps to cut down the price to a greater extent as the inclusion levels are less and helps to find a new alternative in the feed industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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25. Dynamics of Fermentation Parameters and Bacterial Community in Rumen of Calves During Dietary Protein Oscillation.
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Zhang, Kun, Teng, Zhanwei, Meng, Qing, Liu, Shuai, Yuan, Liping, Fu, Tong, Zhang, Ningning, and Gao, Tengyun
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AMINO acid metabolism ,HIGH-protein diet ,LOW-protein diet ,FEED utilization efficiency ,CARBOHYDRATE metabolism ,RUMEN fermentation - Abstract
Dietary crude protein concentration oscillation can improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency of ruminants. However, little is known about the dynamic changes in microbiota and fermentation in the rumen of calves during the oscillation period. In this study, six calves were fed an oscillating diet at 2-day intervals, including a high-protein diet (HP) and a low-protein diet (LP). The rumen fermentation parameters, plasma urea-N concentration, and rumen bacterial diversity were characterized throughout the oscillation period. The concentrations of volatile fatty acids, NH
3 -N, and plasma urea-N in rumen changed significantly with an oscillating diet. The abundance of Prevotella_1, Selenomonadales, Succiniclasticum, Clostridiales, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group showed significant changes with diet. Prevotella_1 was positively correlated, and Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group and Saccharofermentans were negatively correlated with NH3 -N. The abundance of Amino Acid Metabolism, Metabolism of Other Amino Acids, and Glycan Biosynthesis and Metabolism pathways, annotated by bacterial functional genes, decreased when the diet changed from HP to LP. The abundance of the Carbohydrate Metabolism pathway increased after the two dietary changes. In conclusion, the plasma urea-N concentration was not as sensitive and quick to adapt to diet changes as the rumen fermentation parameters. Rumen bacteria were responsible for increasing the nitrogen utilization efficiency of calves fed an oscillating diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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26. Efficacy of a High-Protein Diet to Lower Glycemic Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.
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Flores-Hernández, María Nelly, Martínez-Coria, Hilda, López-Valdés, Héctor E., Arteaga-Silva, Marcela, Arrieta-Cruz, Isabel, and Gutiérrez-Juárez, Roger
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BRANCHED chain amino acids , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *DIETARY patterns , *PALEO diet , *HIGH-protein diet , *GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin - Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease with a high worldwide prevalence and an important factor in mortality and disability in the population. Complications can be reduced or prevented with lifestyle changes in physical activity, dietary habits, and smoking cessation. High-protein diets (HPDs, >30% or >1.0 g/Kg/day) decrease hyperglycemia in part due to their content of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), mainly leucine. Leucine (and other BCAAs) improve glucose metabolism by directly signaling in the medio-basal hypothalamus (MBH), increasing liver insulin sensitivity. To determine the effectiveness of an HPD to lower hyperglycemia, we analyzed the results of published clinical studies focusing on the levels of fasting plasma glucose and/or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We carried out a systematic search for clinical studies using HPDs. We searched five databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane), collecting 179 articles and finally selecting 8 articles to analyze their results. In conclusion, HPDs are an effective alternative to reduce hyperglycemia in patients with T2DM, especially so-called Paleolithic diets, due to their higher-quality protein from animal and vegetal sources and their exclusion of grains, dairy products, salt, refined fats, and added sugars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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27. High Protein Diets and Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Athletes and Bodybuilders: Is Chronic Kidney Disease the Real Finish Line?
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de Lorenzo, Alberto, Bomback, Andrew S., and Mihic, Niko
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KIDNEY function tests , *HEALTH status indicators , *FOOD consumption , *MUSCLE proteins , *BODY composition , *BODYBUILDING , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *NUTRITIONAL requirements , *CHRONIC kidney failure , *RESISTANCE training , *LEAN body mass , *HIGH-protein diet , *ATHLETIC ability , *GLOMERULAR filtration rate - Abstract
Several observational and experimental studies in humans have suggested that high protein intake (PI) causes intraglomerular hypertension leading to hyperfiltration. This phenomenon results in progressive loss of renal function with long-term exposure to high-protein diets (HPDs), even in healthy people. The recommended daily allowance for PI is 0.83 g/kg per day, which meets the protein requirement for approximately 98% of the population. A HPD is defined as a protein consumption > 1.5 g/kg per day. Athletes and bodybuilders are encouraged to follow HPDs to optimize muscle protein balance, increase lean body mass, and enhance performance. A series of studies in resistance-trained athletes looking at HPD has been published concluding that there are no harmful effects of HPD on renal health. However, the aim of these studies was to evaluate body composition changes and they were not designed to assess safety or kidney outcomes. Here we review the effects of HPD on kidney health in athletes and healthy individuals with normal kidney function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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28. The comparison of creatinine, iron, and blood metabolites in primiparous and multiparous Saanen Etawah crossbred goats in tropical country, Indonesia.
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Widayati, Diah Tri, Suranindyah, Yustina Yuni, Kumala, Seraphina, and Sitaresmi, Pradita Iustitia
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HIGH-protein diet , *BLOOD plasma , *NUTRITIONAL requirements , *JUGULAR vein , *MILK yield - Abstract
The study aimed to explore changes in serum creatinine, iron, and blood metabolites in different parity statuses in traditionally managed Saanen Etawah crossbred goats. Mature lactating goats (n = 130) were divided into primiparous (n = 45) and multiparous groups (n = 85) (body condition score 3, early-middle stage of lactation). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and centrifuged to collect plasma; blood metabolites were measured using UV Vis methods. The result showed creatinine concentrations in multiparous goats were significantly (P < 0.05) higher (0.87 ± 0.21 mg/dl) than in the primiparous group (0.79 ± 0.15 mg/dl). Meanwhile, the albumin concentration in primiparous goats (3.99 ± 0.20 mg/dl) was significantly higher than in multiparous goats (3.82 ± 0.16 mg/dl); also the total cholesterol level of primiparous goats (122.28 ± 29.20 mg/dl) was significantly higher than in multiparous goats (107.37 ± 24.40 mg/dl). The urea-creatinine ratio was higher in primiparous goats (27.07 ± 11.90) than in multiparous goats (22.37 ± 8.12). It was concluded that distinct blood metabolites between primiparous and multiparous goats were due to different physiological needs which led to different mobilization of stored nutrients inside the body. Different feeding strategies were suggested for each parity group following their nutritional needs, such as a high-protein diet to optimize primiparous body development, and a high-energy diet to enhance multiparous milk production before and after giving birth. Further research is needed to understand the exact optimal ratio of feed energy and protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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29. Hydroponic barley supplementation fed with high-protein diets improves the production performance of lactating dairy cows.
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Wu, Z.H., Du, C., Hou, M.J., Zhao, L.S., Ma, L., Sinclair, L.A., and Bu, D.P.
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HIGH-protein diet , *LOW-protein diet , *DIETARY proteins , *FAT content of milk , *MILK proteins , *MILK yield , *LACTATION in cattle - Abstract
The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. The study investigated the effects of dietary protein level and the inclusion of hydroponic barley sprouts (HB) on lactation performance, blood biochemistry and N use efficiency in mid-lactation dairy cows. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 CP levels (16.8% and 15.5% of DM), with HB (4.8% of DM, replacing 4.3% of alfalfa hay and 0.5% of distillers dried grains with solubles [DDGS]) or without HB. Forty-eight multiparous Holstein dairy cows (146 ± 15 DIM, 40 ± 5 kg/d of milk) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 diets: high-protein diet (16.8% CP, HP), HP diet with HB (HP+HB), low-protein diet (15.5% CP, LP), or LP diet with HB (LP+HB). An interaction between CP × HB on DMI was detected, with DMI being unaffected by HB inclusion in cows fed the high-protein diets, but was lower in cows fed HB when the low-protein diet was fed. A CP × HB interaction was also observed on milk and milk protein yield, which was higher in cows fed HB with HP, but not LP. Inclusion of HB also tended to reduce milk fat content, and feeding HP resulted in a higher milk protein and MUN content, but lower milk lactose content. Feed efficiency was increased by feeding HP or HB diets, whereas N use efficiency was higher for cows fed LP or HB diets. There was an interaction on the apparent total-tract digestibility of DM and CP, which was higher when HB was fed along with HP, but reduced when fed with LP, whereas the digestibility of ADF was increased by feeding low-protein diets. In conclusion, feeding a low-protein diet had no adverse effect on cow performance, while feeding HB improved milk and milk component yield, and N efficiency when fed with a high-CP diet, but compromised cow performance with a low-CP diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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30. Impact of Forage Sources on Ruminal Bacteriome and Carcass Traits in Hanwoo Steers During the Late Fattening Stages.
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Kang, Ryukseok, Song, Jaeyong, Park, Joong Kook, Yun, Sukjun, Lee, Jeong Heon, Ahn, Jun Sang, Yu, Chaemin, Kim, Geonwoo, Jeong, Jongsik, Oh, Myeong-Gwan, Jo, Wanho, Lee, Woohyung, Tilahun, Mekonnen, and Park, Tansol more...
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BEEF industry ,SUSTAINABILITY ,HIGH-protein diet ,NITROGEN fixation ,ITALIAN ryegrass - Abstract
This study examined the effects of different forage sources on the ruminal bacteriome, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers during the fattening stage. In Korea, where high-concentrate feeding is common, selecting suitable forage is crucial for sustainable beef production. Fifteen 23-month-old Hanwoo steers, weighing an average of 679.27 ± 43.60 kg, were fed the following five different forage sources: oat hay (OAT), rye silage (RYE), Italian ryegrass (IRS), barley forage (BAR), and rice straw silage (RSS), alongside 1.5 kg of dry matter concentrate daily for five months. Carcass traits were evaluated post-slaughter, and rumen fluid samples were analyzed using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine the bacteriome composition. The forage source significantly affected the alpha-diversity indices and bacteriome biomarkers linked to the feed efficiency and ruminal fermentation. Differences in the backfat thickness and meat yield index were noted, with alpha-diversity indices correlating with carcass traits. The phylum Planctomycetota, especially the family Thermoguttaceae, was linked to nitrogen fixation in high-protein diets like IRS, while the genus Limimorpha emerged as a biomarker for the meat yield. These findings highlight the importance of forage selection during late fattening to optimize beef production, considering diet and bacteriome shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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31. اثر تغذیه پنبه دانه فرآوری شده بر عملکرد فراسنجه های خونی قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و رفتار تغذیه ای در بره های پرواری.
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محبوبه شاهی, تقی قورچی, عبدالحکیم تو غدر, and سیدهادی ابراهیم&
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INFRARED radiation ,ANIMAL culture ,FAT cells ,BLOOD cholesterol ,CHEMICAL processes ,FORAGE ,HIGH-protein diet - Abstract
Introduction: Cottonseed is a valuable feed ingredient due to its high fiber and energy content, which can enhance the energy and protein levels in animal diets. In the irradiation or micronization method, using infrared rays and without damaging the fat cells, while maintaining the profile of fatty acids, the seed is heated, and its antinutritional factors are destroyed. Sodium hydroxide treatment can affect ruminal degradability and nutrient digestibility, ultimately influencing performance. This study aimed to assess the impact of feeding processed cottonseed on the performance, blood parameters, nutrient digestibility, and feeding behavior of fattening male lambs. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at the animal husbandry facility in Ghala Khan village, North Khorasan province. For this purpose, 40 Afshari male lambs (4-6 months old) with an average weight of 27.6±4 kg were randomly allocated to four treatments with ten replications for 84 days. The experimental treatments included: 1) diet containing whole cottonseed, 2) diet containing ground cottonseed, 3) diet containing micronized cottonseed, and 4) diet containing sodium hydroxide-treated cottonseed. For irradiation, 5% of drinking water was added to the cottonseed and it was rotated inside a cylinder for 10 minutes at a speed of 20 revolutions per minute until the water was completely absorbed by the seed. Then, the seeds were exposed to infrared radiation with an irradiation distance of 12 cm for 60 seconds in a gas flicker micronizer and immediately after leaving the micronizer, they were placed between two metal rollers. They were pressed and filled at a distance of 1 mm. The chemical processing of the foam samples was done in such a way that first a 4% solution of sodium hydroxide (40 grams of sodium hydroxide in 100 milliliters of distilled water) was prepared. This solution was mixed with cottonseed samples to obtain four grams of sodium hydroxide per 100 grams of dry matter of cotton seeds, and then it was kept and dried in open air for 48 hours. Lambs were kept in individual stalls during the experiment and had free access to water during the period. Fecal and feed samples were collected during the last week of the experimental period for determining digestibility. Insoluble fiber levels were determined using Van Soest's method, and nutrient digestibility was assessed using acidinsoluble ash as an internal marker. Blood samples were collected on the last day and before morning feeding. Feeding behavior (resting, rumination, chewing, eating) of the lambs was measured continuously for 24 hours on the last two days of experiment. Results and Discussion: The micronized cottonseed increased final weight as well as dry matter digestibility (P<0.05), and improved feed conversion ratio. There was no significant difference in feeding behavior in lambs fed with different treatments of cottonseed. Blood cholesterol, triglyceride and urea levels were highest in lambs fed micronized cottonseed and lowest in those fed whole or ground cottonseed (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that micronized cottonseed and processing of cottonseed by sodium hydroxide could increase daily weight gain and improved the feed conversion ratio in fattening lambs, suggesting their potential inclusion in feedlot diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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32. Do high-protein diets have the potential to reduce gut barrier function in a sex-dependent manner?
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James, Daniel, Poveda, Carlos, Walton, Gemma E., Elmore, J. Stephen, Linden, Brandon, Gibson, John, Griffin, Bruce A., Robertson, M. Denise, and Lewis, Marie C.
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FLOW cytometry , *RESEARCH funding , *BACTEROIDES , *GUT microbiome , *SEX distribution , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay , *CLOSTRIDIUM , *FERMENTATION , *GAS chromatography , *METABOLITES , *MASS spectrometry , *FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization , *PHENOLS , *HUMAN reproduction , *HIGH-protein diet , *AMMONIA - Abstract
Purpose: Impaired gut barrier function is associated with systemic inflammation and many chronic diseases. Undigested dietary proteins are fermented in the colon by the gut microbiota which produces nitrogenous metabolites shown to reduce barrier function in vitro. With growing evidence of sex-based differences in gut microbiotas, we determined whether there were sex by dietary protein interactions which could differentially impact barrier function via microbiota modification. Methods: Fermentation systems were inoculated with faeces from healthy males (n = 5) and females (n = 5) and supplemented with 0.9 g of non-hydrolysed proteins sourced from whey, fish, milk, soya, egg, pea, or mycoprotein. Microbial populations were quantified using fluorescence in situ hybridisation with flow cytometry. Metabolite concentrations were analysed using gas chromatography, solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ELISA. Results: Increased protein availability resulted in increased proteolytic Bacteroides spp (p < 0.01) and Clostridium coccoides (p < 0.01), along with increased phenol (p < 0.01), p-cresol (p < 0.01), indole (p = 0.018) and ammonia (p < 0.01), varying by protein type. Counts of Clostridium cluster IX (p = 0.03) and concentration of p-cresol (p = 0.025) increased in males, while females produced more ammonia (p = 0.02), irrespective of protein type. Further, we observed significant sex-protein interactions affecting bacterial populations and metabolites (p < 0.005). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that protein fermentation by the gut microbiota in vitro is influenced by both protein source and the donor's sex. Should these results be confirmed through human studies, they could have major implications for developing dietary recommendations tailored by sex to prevent chronic illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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33. Effect of a higher protein diet and lifestyle camp intervention on childhood obesity (The COPE study): results from a nonrandomized controlled trail with 52-weeks follow-up.
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Jakobsen, Dorthe D., Brader, Lea, and Bruun, Jens M.
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LIFESTYLES , *RESEARCH funding , *BODY mass index , *FOOD consumption , *CLINICAL trials , *BODY composition , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PEDIATRICS , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *DIETARY proteins , *HIGH-protein diet , *CHILDHOOD obesity , *ANTHROPOMETRY , *CAMPING , *BIOMARKERS , *PATIENT aftercare , *EVALUATION - Abstract
Purpose: In adults, diets rich in protein seem beneficial in relation to satiety, weight loss, and weight management; however, studies investigating dietary protein and weight development in children are scarce and inconsistent. This nonrandomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effect of a higher protein diet during lifestyle intervention on anthropometry and metabolic biomarkers in children with overweight and obesity. Methods: Children (n:208) were recruited from two multicomponent lifestyle camps. One camp was assigned as the intervention group. In the intervention group, carbohydrates-rich foods at breakfast and two in-between-meals were replaced with protein-containing foods to increase the amount of protein from ~ 10–15 energy percent (E%) per day to ~ 25E% per day. Other components were similar between groups. Anthropometry and biochemical measurements were collected at baseline, 10 weeks (after camp) and 52 weeks. Results: The intervention group had a non-significant improvement in BMI-SDS (− 0.07 SD (− 0.19; 0.05), p = 0.24) compared to the control group, but in general, there was no effect of a higher protein diet on anthropometry and metabolic biomarkers. Overall, 10 weeks at camp resulted in a more favorable body composition [− 6.50 kg (p < 0.00), − 0.58 BMI-SDS (p < 0.00), and − 5.92% body fat (p < 0.00)], and improved metabolic health, with most changes maintained at 52 weeks. Conclusion: A higher protein diet had no significant effect on body composition and metabolic health; however, these lifestyle camps are an efficiatious treatment strategy for childhood obesity. Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov with ID: NCT04522921. Preregistered August 21st 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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34. Food provision in Australian aged care homes does not meet protein needs of residents: A call for reform.
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Li, Lam Yan, Poon, Shirley, Robbins, Judy, and Iuliano, Sandra
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MEDICAL protocols , *FRUIT , *FOOD consumption , *RESEARCH funding , *EGGS , *SECONDARY analysis , *LONG-term health care , *DAIRY products , *SALADS , *NUTRITIONAL requirements , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *GRAIN , *MILK , *LUNCHEONS , *MENU planning , *PROTEIN content of food , *VEGETABLES , *DIETARY proteins , *HIGH-protein diet , *MEALS , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *FOOD portions , *BREAKFASTS , *OLD age - Abstract
Aim: Malnutrition is common in older adults in aged care homes, partly due to inadequate protein intake. Menu planning guidelines are available however, adherence to guidelines is unknown. This study aimed to determine; (i) what are the average serving sizes of menu items provided and do they meet recommended portion sizes? (ii) does consumption from a 'typical' menu provide sufficient protein? and (iii) can substituting a 'typical' menu with high‐protein options enable residents to achieve protein adequacy? Methods: This study involved 572 residents (73% female; aged 86.4 ± 7.3 years) from 60 aged‐care homes in Australia involved in a 2‐year cluster‐randomised trial. During the trial, food intake was recorded quarterly using visual estimation of plate‐waste and 42 061 foods analysed. As part of a secondary analysis of these data, portion sizes of foods were compared to guidelines by calculating the mean (95% confidence interval). Items were deemed inadequate if the upper 95% confidence interval remained below recommended portion sizes. Results: On average 47% of breakfast and 80% of lunch/dinner items were below recommended portion sizes. Relative protein intakes, from a typical menu (most consumed foods), was 0.9 g and 0.8 g/kg body weight/day for females and males; both below recommendations. Substituting regular items with higher protein equivalents increased protein intake to 1.3 g and 1.2 g/kg body weight/day, for females and males, respectively. Conclusion: Aged care homes in Australia are not meeting menu planning guidelines resulting in insufficient protein being provided. Reform to menu guidelines including provision of high‐protein foods, will ensure protein adequacy in older adults in aged‐care homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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35. Fisiotrerapia, ventilación mecánica y nutrición en paciente obeso crítico. Una revisión literaria.
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Díaz Menéses, Noemi Georgina, Hidalgo Acosta, Javier Aquíles, Villegas Torres, Nancy Odalia, Rivadeneira Bello, Xavier Antonio, Torres Ortíz, Erick David, Campos Ordoñez, Natalia Andrea, Vera Plaza, Esther María, and Vera Alay, Dennys Fabián more...
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ENTERAL feeding ,INTENSIVE care patients ,NONINVASIVE ventilation ,ADULT respiratory distress syndrome ,MATERIALS handling ,HIGH-protein diet ,ARTIFICIAL respiration - Abstract
Copyright of INSPILIP. Revista Ecuatoriana de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovacion en Salud Pública is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigacion en Salud Publica (INSPI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
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- 2024
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36. Impact of Nutritional Methods On Physical Performance Parameters
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Katarzyna Szafrańska, Kinga Dominiczak, Szymon Niemirka, Aleksandra Janiak, Łukasz Grądalski, Adrianna Kopaczyńska, and Filip Dębicki
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high-protein diet ,ketogenic diet ,Diet in sports ,High carbohydrate diet ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Sports medicine ,RC1200-1245 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Contemporary nutritional strategies in sports play a crucial role, and it can be argued that, in a certain sense, they are paramount. This research aims to focus on three dietary approaches commonly utilized in various sports disciplines. The high-carbohydrate diet is particularly influential in endurance sports, owing to its properties that enhance muscle performance and efficiency. The core principle of this diet is the provision of large amounts of carbohydrates, providing the basic source of energy, which allows maintaining the level of glycogen in the muscles and liver. In contrast to high-carbohydrate diets, high-protein and ketogenic diets have gained increasing popularity. The high-protein diet is especially recommended for strength and endurance athletes due to its ability to support anabolic processes and facilitate the repair of micro-muscular damage. On the other hand, the ketogenic diet, characterized by elevated fat intake, induces metabolic adaptations such as ketosis, wherein the body shifts from carbohydrate to fat. Aim of study: The aim of this study is to summarize the available knowledge about how diets influence sports indicators such as strength, endurance and ability to regenerate. The metabolism, mechanisms and different methods of diets were described and summarized. Material and methods: The literature available in PubMed, and the Google Scholar database was reviewed using the following keywords: ,,Ketogenic diet”, ,,High carbohydrate diet”, ,,High protein diet”, ,,Diets in sport” more...
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- 2024
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37. Pellagra in chronic alcoholism: An underdiagnosed condition in modern clinical practice.
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Rao, Anuja, Garg, Sonika, and Gaurav, Vishal
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NICOTINAMIDE ,AMINO acid metabolism ,ALCOHOL-induced disorders ,SUNSHINE ,HIGH-protein diet ,TRYPTOPHAN ,ALCOHOLISM relapse - Published
- 2024
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38. Food temperature altered macronutrients induced changes in satiety hormones; glucagon - like peptide -1 and cholecystokinin and their correlation with subjective satiety
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Naila Hamid, Muhammad O. Malik, Bibi Hajira, Inayat Shah, and Mahnoor Azhar
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food ,temperature ,high-fat diet ,high-protein diet ,hormones ,nutrients ,satiety response ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The benefits of dietary macronutrients for weight management depend on the integrity of gut hormones. The role of food temperature in the release of satiety hormones and satiety needs elucidation. We aimed to determine the impact of different food temperatures with varying macronutrient compositions on satiety-related gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and cholecystokinin (CCK) and find the correlation of satiety hormones with appetite scores and remainder-day food (energy) intake. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen healthy participants (eight males and five females) aged 25–35 years with body mass index 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 with no medical illnesses or eating disorders consumed three compositions of meals (high carbohydrate, high fat, and high protein meals) each at three temperatures (cold, warm, and hot) in a randomized, double-blinded, controlled crossover design. Plasma concentrations of peptide hormones were determined at 0, 30, and 240 minutes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 24-hours food recall was used for remainder-day food intake (remainder energy). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.0. The change in plasma levels of gut hormones with time was assessed using Friedman test; Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to compare GLP-1 and CCK hormonal levels across nine meals. RESULTS: A comparison of the three meals at the three temperatures (total of nine groups), showed that the GLP-1 and CCK plasma concentrations were significantly different (P < 0.001). GLP-1 and CCK responses increased more after hot meals than cold meals. Overall, high-fat meals had more effective gut hormone secretions. The area under the curve was increased for GLP-1 in high-fat meals and for CCK in hot meals. The peptide hormones (GLP-1 and CCK) were positively correlated with satiety scores and inversely with remainder food intake. CONCLUSION: The temperature of food was found to be an effective stimulus for the regulation of CCK and GLP-1 secretion. Hot food temperature increased satiety hormones (CCK and GLP-1), independent of food macronutrient composition. more...
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- 2024
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39. Effects of soy or whey protein on weight reduction in patients with obesity: An exploratory, three-arm, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial
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Michiko Takahashi, Takumi Imai, Tomoko Yamada, Naokazu Muramae, Kai Yoshimura, Yuji Mitomo, Hironori Bando, Kenji Sugawara, Shun-Ichiro Asahara, Yushi Hirota, Yoshikazu Tamori, Yutaka Takahashi, and Wataru Ogawa more...
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Obesity ,Weight loss program ,High-protein diet ,Soy protein ,Hunger ,Satisfaction ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Summary: Background & aim: Although weight loss programs including diet and exercise targeting patients with obesity are essential, the percentage of patients who successfully achieve weight loss is less than 10%. One cause of failure to achieve weight loss is a strong sense of hunger, which is difficult to sustain. Additionally, it is important to prevent a decrease in muscle mass. Various protein supplements have been used to overcome these problems. However, there is insufficient evidence to support this theory. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soy or whey protein beverages in conjunction with general dietary and exercise therapies on weight loss. Methods: This placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted at Kobe University Hospital. Patients with obesity and at least one obesity-related complication were enrolled. Three arms of soy, whey protein, or a placebo were supplemented once a day for 12 weeks, in addition to the general guidance on dietary and exercise therapies in a weight loss program. Energy intake during the trial was calculated using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. The primary outcome was percentage change in body weight from baseline to 12 weeks. Results: Between March 2021 and April 2022, 44 patients were enrolled. No significant differences were observed in body weight, waist circumference, body composition parameters, resting energy expenditure, blood pressure, or metabolic indicators. However, the energy, protein, and lipid intakes calculated from the prescribed nutritional intake in the weight loss program were significantly lower in the soy protein group (control group vs. soy group; total energy [kcal] −121.0 ± 416.6 vs. −340.0 ± 487.0, respectively P = 0.016; protein [g] 8.5 ± 11.9 vs. −5.1 ± 14.7, P = 0.023; lipid [g] −5.1 ± 16.1 vs. −19.8 ± 18.2, P = 0.018). Conclusions: No significant weight loss was observed in the soy or whey protein group. However, in the soy protein group, it was possible to maintain a lower energy intake, and protein and lipid intakes decreased in post-hoc analysis. Although further investigation is necessary, extending the administration period may result in significant weight loss. Clinical trial registration: Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (identifier: jRCTs051200103). more...
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- 2024
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40. The effect of a low-calorie, high-protein diet on psychometric variables in obese individuals: a Randomized Clinical Trial.
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Hashemi Javaheri, Fatemeh Sadat, Ostadrahimi, Alireza, Nematy, Mohsen, Arabi, Seyyed Mostafa, Rahmani, Kazem, and Amini, Mahnaz
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- *
HIGH-protein diet , *CLINICAL trials , *PSYCHOMETRICS , *OBESITY , *BODY composition , *LOW-calorie diet - Abstract
The last decade has seen the increased prevalence of obesity as a public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. At the same time, studies have shown that there is a two-way relationship between low-calorie diets and depression in obese individuals. This study was designed and implemented to investigate the effect of a low-calorie high-protein diet on psychometric variables in obese individuals. The present study is a Randomized Clinical Trial. Individuals meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (low-calorie diet with increased protein percentage) or the control group (standard protein percentage) using block stratification. Psychometric characteristics of the participants were evaluated using the DASS-21 questionnaire. There were no significant differences in enrollment between the two groups with respect to anthropometric variables, body composition, and physical activity (p-value >.05). Similarly, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of psychological variables (depression, anxiety and stress) (p-value >.05). However, the intervention groups had significantly lower depression and anxiety scores 15 days into the intervention (p-value <.05). After 30 and 60 days of intervention, significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of depression, stress, and anxiety (p-value <.05), indicating a relative improvement in psychometric variables in the intervention group (p-value <.05). The results of this study showed that low-calorie diets with a high-protein percentage can significantly improve psychometric variables in obese people. Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: IRCT20221101056371N1.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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41. CYSTATIN C—A Monitoring Perspective of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Diabetes.
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Visinescu, Alexandra-Mihaela, Rusu, Emilia, Cosoreanu, Andrada, and Radulian, Gabriela
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GLOMERULAR filtration rate , *HIGH-protein diet , *H2 receptor antagonists , *CHRONIC kidney failure , *CYSTATIN C , *SARCOPENIA - Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a microvascular complication that frequently affects numerous patients diagnosed with diabetes. For the diagnosis of CKD, the guidelines recommend the identification of the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and the determination of serum creatinine, based on which the estimated rate of glomerular filtration (eGFR) is calculated. Serum creatinine is routinely measured in clinical practice and reported as creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr). It has enormous importance in numerous clinical decisions, including the detection and management of CKD, the interpretation of symptoms potentially related to this pathology and the determination of drug dosage. The equations based on cystatin C involve smaller differences between race groups compared to GFR estimates based solely on creatinine. The cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys) or its combination with creatinine (eGFRcr-cys) are suggested as confirmatory tests in cases where creatinine is known to be less precise or where a more valid GFR estimate is necessary for medical decisions. Serum creatinine is influenced by numerous factors: age, gender, race, muscle mass, high-protein diet, including protein supplements, and the use of medications that decrease tubular creatinine excretion (H2 blockers, trimethoprim, fenofibrate, ritonavir, and other HIV drugs). The low levels of creatinine stemming from a vegetarian diet, limb amputation, and conditions associated with sarcopenia such as cirrhosis, malnutrition, and malignancies may lead to inaccurately lower eGFRcr values. Therefore, determining the GFR based on serum creatinine is not very precise. This review aims to identify a new perspective in monitoring renal function, considering the disadvantages of determining the GFR based exclusively on serum creatinine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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42. Effects of dietary supplementation of Zn-nanoparticles on the growth performance and nutritional quality of Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus.
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Jewel, Abu Sayed, Haque, Ayenuddin, Akter, Nasrin, Akter, Sumaiya, Satter, Abdus, Sarker, Pallab Kumer, Marshall, David J., Paray, Bilal Ahamad, and Hossain, M. Belal
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DIETARY supplements ,WEIGHT gain ,ATOMIC force microscopy ,HIGH cholesterol diet ,BLOOD lipids ,CATFISHES ,HIGH-protein diet - Abstract
Nano-sized Zn particles are recognized for its ability to elevate fish health and well-being, enhancing antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities and reinforcing the immune system. In the present study we explored the effects of Zn-NPs supplementation on augmenting the growth performance and nutritional indicators and physiological aspects of the catfish, Clarias batrachus. Zn-NPs were prepared by heating the mixture of [Zn(CH
3 COO)2 .2H2 O], ethylene glycol and polymer surfactant (PVP) at 70°C for 45 min using an oil bath heater. The resultant solution was centrifuged at 6000 rpm on a heated plate at 70°C until the precipitation of Zn-NPs was achieved. Crystal structure, growth mechanisms and shapes of Zn-NPs were characterized by the atomic force microscopy. Produced Zn-NPs was characterized by spectrophotometer and the zeta potential and mean size was recorded as −32.5 ± 1.0 mV and 14.7 ± 2.5 nm, respectively. The experiment comprised six distinct test diets, categorized by the incorporation of Zn-NPs at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/kg into the feed where the initial diet was employed as a control group, devoid of any Zn-NPs supplementation. Three glass aquariums were employed for each diet. In each aquarium, 12 fish with an initial mean weight of 5.23 ± 0.06 g were stocked. The fish underwent experimental feeding for 60 days, with the feed amount set at 3% of their body weight. After the experimental period, growth performance (weight gain, length gain, average daily gain, specific growth rate, thermal growth co-efficient, condition factor and survival rate), nutritional indices (feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, annual net protein utilization), proximate composition of muscle (protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and moisture), hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, total protein, albumin and globulin), serum lipid and enzymatic parameters (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, ALP, AST, ALT, amylase, lipase and protease), and bioaccumulation of Zn in different organs of fish were estimated following standard methods. Growth analysis revealed that C. batrachus fed with Zn-NPs at 40 mg/kg of feed had significantly (p < 0.05) improved growth performance (WG = 18.87 ± 0.91 g, SGR = 2.52 ± 0.06% g/day, TGC = 1.09 ± 0.05 and CF = 1.47 ± 0.12), nutritional indices (FCR = 1.35 ± 0.06, PER = 2.24 ± 0.10 and ANPU = 41.46 ± 2.56%), hematological parameters, and enzymatic activity compared to control and other groups. The optimal dietary supplementation of Zn-NPs for final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of C. batrachus was estimated to be ranged between 30.4 and 30.5 mg/kg per diet, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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43. Brazilian Corn Ethanol Coproducts for Pigs: Feeding Value and Blood Parameters.
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Corassa, Anderson, Straub, Igor Willian Wrobel, Sbardella, Maicon, Ton, Ana Paula Silva, Kiefer, Charles, Brito, Claudson Oliveira, Rothmund, Vivian Luana, and Freitas, Leonardo Willian
- Subjects
- *
DISTILLERY by-products , *ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics) , *HIGH-protein diet , *METABOLIZABLE energy values , *SWINE nutrition - Abstract
Simple Summary: The variability in the chemical composition of cereal ethanol coproducts is a limiting factor in the precise use of these ingredients in swine feed. The growth of the corn ethanol industry in Brazil has boosted the availability of diverse coproducts but still lacks proper nutritional characterization, which may differ from other places in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the values of the net, digestible and metabolizable energy and digestibility coefficients of corn ethanol coproducts produced in Brazil and their effects on the nitrogen balance and blood parameters of pigs. Pigs fed diets with high-protein distiller's dried grain and corn bran with solubles showed greater nitrogen retention efficiency than pigs fed distiller's dried grains with solubles, while pigs fed diets containing corn bran with solubles had lower urea and higher blood triglycerides. This study aimed to determine the values of net energy (NE), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) and digestibility coefficients of corn ethanol coproducts produced in Brazil and their effects on the nitrogen balance and blood parameters of pigs. Ten barrows were housed in metabolic study cages for total collection and fed a reference diet (RD) or 800 g/kg RD + 200 g/kg of a coproduct of corn ethanol. Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), corn bran with solubles (CBS), distiller's dried grains (DDG) and high-protein distiller's dried grain (HPDDG) were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three repetitions per period, totaling six repetitions per diet. Diets containing the HPDDG had greater DE and ME than those containing CBS and DDGS and greater DE than those containing the DDG (p < 0.05). HPDDG, DDG, CBS and DDGS showed 4498, 3419, 3029 and 3335 kcal/kg DE; 4366, 3305, 2934 and 3214 kcal/kg ME; and 2515, 1938, 1649 and 1725 kcal/kg NE, respectively. Pigs fed diets containing HPDDG and CBS showed greater nitrogen retention efficiency than pigs fed DDGS (p < 0.05). Pigs fed diets containing HPDDG had higher blood urea levels than pigs fed CBS and RD, while triglyceride levels in animals that received the CBS diet were greater than those in animals that received all other diets. The HPDDG had the highest energy levels and the best digestibility coefficients. The chemical composition of coproducts influences the nitrogen balance and circulating levels of urea and triglycerides in pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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44. 不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮对育肥期牦牛 生长性能、养分表观消化率及血浆指标的影响
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姜南, 贡觉郎珍, 孙光明, 洛桑顿珠, 次旦央吉, and 巴桑旺堆
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- *
HIGH-protein diet , *WEIGHT gain , *DIETARY proteins , *FACTORIAL experiment designs , *YAK - Abstract
The experiment aimed to study the effects of diets with different energy and protein levels on the growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, and plasma indicators of fattening yaks. A total of 48 healthy yaks with similar body weight and condition, aged 2.5 years old, were selected and randomly divided into six groups with eight replicates in each group and one yak in each replicate, using a 3×2 factorial experimental design based on different energy (high, medium, low) and protein (high, low) levels. The pretreatment period was 15 days, and the formal experimental period was 60 days. The results showed that the high-energy group had significantly higher FBW and total weight gain than the low-energy group (P<0.05). the high-protein group had significantly higher FBW and total weight gain than the low-protein group (P<0.05). The interaction between energy and protein had a significant effect on total weight gain (P<0.05). The high-energy group had the highest apparent digestibility of DM and CP, while the low-energy group had the lowest apparent digestibility, with significant differences between groups (P<0.05). The high-protein group had significantly higher DM and CP apparent digestibility than the low-protein group (P<0.05). The interaction between energy and protein had a significant effect on DM and CP apparent digestibility (P<0.05). The highenergy group had significantly higher plasma TP and ALB levels than the low-energy group (P<0.05), and the low-energy group had significantly higher plasma ALP activity than the medium-energy group (P<0.05). The interaction between energy and protein had a significant effect on ALB and ALP (P<0.05). Plasma IgA and IgG levels, T-AOC, and SOD activity increased with the increase in energy and protein levels (P<0.0 5), while MDA content decreased (P<0.05), and the interaction between energy and protein had a significant effect on T-AOC, SOD activity, and the content of IgA, IgG, and MDA (P<0.05). The study indicates that a high-energy, high-protein diet can promote the growth of fattening yaks, improve plasma biochemical indicators, and enhance antioxidant and immune functions. It is recommended that the suitable dietary energy and protein levels for fattening yaks are 8.88 MJ/kg and 12.82%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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45. The Effects of Different Dietary Patterns on Bone Health.
- Author
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Liu, Xiaohua, Wu, Yangming, Bennett, Samuel, Zou, Jun, Xu, Jiake, and Zhang, Lingli
- Abstract
Bone metabolism is a process in which osteoclasts continuously clear old bone and osteoblasts form osteoid and mineralization within basic multicellular units, which are in a dynamic balance. The process of bone metabolism is affected by many factors, including diet. Reasonable dietary patterns play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of bone-related diseases. In recent years, dietary patterns have changed dramatically. With the continuous improvement in the quality of life, high amounts of sugar, fat and protein have become a part of people's daily diets. However, people have gradually realized the importance of a healthy diet, intermittent fasting, calorie restriction, a vegetarian diet, and moderate exercise. Although these dietary patterns have traditionally been considered healthy, their true impact on bone health are still unclear. Studies have found that caloric restriction and a vegetarian diet can reduce bone mass, the negative impact of a high-sugar and high-fat dietary (HSFD) pattern on bone health is far greater than the positive impact of the mechanical load, and the relationship between a high-protein diet (HPD) and bone health remains controversial. Calcium, vitamin D, and dairy products play an important role in preventing bone loss. In this article, we further explore the relationship between different dietary patterns and bone health, and provide a reference for how to choose the appropriate dietary pattern in the future and for how to prevent bone loss caused by long-term poor dietary patterns in children, adolescents, and the elderly. In addition, this review provides dietary references for the clinical treatment of bone-related diseases and suggests that health policy makers should consider dietary measures to prevent and treat bone loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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46. Effects of Dietary Protein Intake Levels on Peripheral Circadian Rhythm in Mice.
- Author
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Han, Yerim, Shon, Jinyoung, Kwon, So Young, and Park, Yoon Jung
- Subjects
- *
CIRCADIAN rhythms , *DIETARY proteins , *FOOD consumption , *LOW-protein diet , *GENE expression , *HIGH-protein diet - Abstract
The regulation of the circadian clock plays an important role in influencing physiological conditions. While it is reported that the timing and quantity of energy intake impact circadian regulation, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of dietary protein intake on peripheral clocks. Firstly, transcriptomic analysis was conducted to investigate molecular targets of low-protein intake. Secondly, mPer2::Luc knock-in mice, fed with either a low-protein, normal, or high-protein diet for 6 weeks, were analyzed for the oscillation of PER2 expression in peripheral tissues and for the expression profiles of circadian and metabolic genes. Lastly, the candidate pathway identified by the in vivo analysis was validated using AML12 cells. As a result, using transcriptomic analysis, we found that the low-protein diet hardly altered the circadian rhythm in the central clock. In animal experiments, expression levels and period lengths of PER2 were different in peripheral tissues depending on dietary protein intake; moreover, mRNA levels of clock-controlled genes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes were affected by dietary protein intake. Induction of ER stress in AML12 cells caused an increased amplitude of Clock and Bmal1 and an advanced peak phase of Per2. This result shows that the intake of different dietary protein ratios causes an alteration of the circadian rhythm, especially in the peripheral clock of mice. Dietary protein intake modifies the oscillation of ER stress genes, which may play key roles in the regulation of the circadian clock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
- Full Text
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47. Do the high‐protein recommendations for athletes set some on a path to kidney injury and dialysis?
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Marinaro, Meredith, Alexander, Dayna S., and de Waal, Desiree
- Subjects
- *
HEMODIALYSIS , *KIDNEY injuries , *CHRONICALLY ill , *SPORTS nutrition , *HIGH-protein diet , *MORAL norms - Abstract
Athletes and fitness enthusiasts are often encouraged to follow high‐protein diets to optimize muscle protein synthesis, modify body composition, and enhance performance, yet the safety of these higher protein intakes has been debated. Many people with kidney dysfunction are unaware of their condition, and the potential harm of excess protein intake on the kidneys may not be adequately reported in the sports nutrition literature. Studies suggesting that high‐protein intake may be associated with incident kidney disease have led the nephrology community to make conservative recommendations. In contrast, the fitness community suggests that high dietary protein intake is safe and poses no risk of kidney injury. These claims often fail to acknowledge limitations in the internal validity and generalizability of the study results, despite many studies not being adequately powered to support such claims. It is essential to make dietary recommendations that consider the totality of the data and follow the ethical norm of "do no harm." Studies that evaluate the use of high‐protein diets among athletes must consider the balance of efficacy with safety. While an intervention may be safe in one population, it does not mean that safety can be assumed for all groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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48. The renal effects of amino acids infusion.
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Losiggio, Rosario, Redaelli, Martina Baiardo, Pruna, Alessandro, Landoni, Giovanni, and Bellomo, Rinaldo
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- *
AMINO acids , *KIDNEY physiology , *CLINICAL decision support systems , *COMPARATIVE physiology , *HIGH-protein diet , *VASCULAR resistance , *KIDNEY diseases , *KIDNEY transplantation - Abstract
This article explores the potential benefits of amino acid infusion on renal function, particularly in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). While high protein consumption has been shown to have negative effects on kidney function, recent studies suggest that amino acid infusion may actually improve renal function and recovery from renal failure. The PROTECTION trial confirmed these findings, showing that amino acid infusion can prevent AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The article discusses various mechanisms through which amino acids may improve renal function, but emphasizes the need for further research in different settings to generalize the findings. [Extracted from the article] more...
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- 2024
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49. Food temperature altered macronutrients induced changes in satiety hormones; glucagon - like peptide -1 and cholecystokinin and their correlation with subjective satiety.
- Author
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Hamid, Naila, Malik, Muhammad O., Hajira, Bibi, Shah, Inayat, and Azhar, Mahnoor
- Subjects
PEPTIDE hormones ,GASTROINTESTINAL hormones ,HIGH-protein diet ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,FOOD recall - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The benefits of dietary macronutrients for weight management depend on the integrity of gut hormones. The role of food temperature in the release of satiety hormones and satiety needs elucidation. We aimed to determine the impact of different food temperatures with varying macronutrient compositions on satiety-related gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and cholecystokinin (CCK) and find the correlation of satiety hormones with appetite scores and remainder-day food (energy) intake. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen healthy participants (eight males and five females) aged 25–35 years with body mass index 18.5–24.9 kg/m
2 with no medical illnesses or eating disorders consumed three compositions of meals (high carbohydrate, high fat, and high protein meals) each at three temperatures (cold, warm, and hot) in a randomized, double-blinded, controlled crossover design. Plasma concentrations of peptide hormones were determined at 0, 30, and 240 minutes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 24-hours food recall was used for remainder-day food intake (remainder energy). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.0. The change in plasma levels of gut hormones with time was assessed using Friedman test; Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to compare GLP-1 and CCK hormonal levels across nine meals. RESULTS: A comparison of the three meals at the three temperatures (total of nine groups), showed that the GLP-1 and CCK plasma concentrations were significantly different (P < 0.001). GLP-1 and CCK responses increased more after hot meals than cold meals. Overall, high-fat meals had more effective gut hormone secretions. The area under the curve was increased for GLP-1 in high-fat meals and for CCK in hot meals. The peptide hormones (GLP-1 and CCK) were positively correlated with satiety scores and inversely with remainder food intake. CONCLUSION: The temperature of food was found to be an effective stimulus for the regulation of CCK and GLP-1 secretion. Hot food temperature increased satiety hormones (CCK and GLP-1), independent of food macronutrient composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Impact of Gluten-Free and Casein-Free Diet on Behavioural Outcomes and Quality of Life of Autistic Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review.
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Zafirovski, Kristina, Aleksoska, Mirjana Trpevska, Thomas, Joe, and Hanna, Fahad
- Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of narcotics ,CHILDREN'S health ,ADOLESCENT health ,CHILDREN with disabilities ,COGNITIVE testing ,STEREOTYPES ,ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,KETOGENIC diet ,AUTISM ,CASEINS ,CINAHL database ,BRAIN ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,GASTROINTESTINAL system ,LOW-carbohydrate diet ,GLUTEN-free diet ,TEENAGERS' conduct of life ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,THEMATIC analysis ,QUALITY of life ,SLEEP ,COMMUNICATION ,ASPERGER'S syndrome ,CELIAC disease ,HIGH-protein diet ,ADVERSE health care events ,DIET therapy ,DIET in disease ,CHILD behavior ,SYMPTOMS ,ADOLESCENCE ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: Gluten- and casein-containing foods could aggravate the symptoms of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and subsequently impact their quality of life. However, there is a mixed opinion among researchers concerning the impact of alternative diet on reducing ASD symptoms. Objective: This scoping review aimed at examining the impact of the "gluten-free, casein-free" (GFCF) diet on health outcomes and the quality of life among autistic children and adolescents. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was performed following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. Four databases, including EbscoHost, Medline, CINAHL, and ProQuest, were used to obtain subject-specific studies relevant to the research question and published between July 2013 and March 2024. A comprehensive search using keywords such as "autism spectrum disorder", "gluten-free diet", and "casein-free diet" was conducted to obtain articles related to the research focus area. Only full-text, peer-reviewed, written in English articles were selected. Data extraction and data analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-extension to Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) protocol. Results: From the initial 586 studies, a total of 27 articles were included in the final analysis of the review. The thematic analysis included "GFCF diet and improvement of the core autistic symptoms", "the gut–brain link", "dietary interventions and autism", "possible side effects due to the GCFC diet", and "inconclusive studies and mixed opinions". A majority of the studies showed a positive effect of the GFCF diet on a variety of autistic symptoms, including positive changes in cognitive skills, behaviour, and gastrointestinal symptoms, while some showed conflicting evidence. Conclusions: The currently available evidence on the impact of the "GFCF" diet on the quality of life of autistic children and adolescents may warrant potentially effective interventions for alleviating symptoms of autism spectrum disorders. However, this scoping review highlights the need for more research to provide more reliable evidence on the health outcomes and quality of life of ASD sufferers to guide practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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