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Purpose: To examine the impact of two implant designs that promote different insertion torque values on implant stability and to histomorphometrically evaluate the bone healing after immediate implant placement in fresh sockets in a sheep model. Materials and Methods: Twelve female sheep (mean weight: 35.0 ± 5.0 kg) were included in the study. Additionally, 48 conical Morse taper dental implants were included, comprising two groups (n = 24 per group): Group 1, where the implant design can provide high insertion torque values; and Group 2, where the implant design can provide low insertion torque values. Both had the same surface treatment and dimensions (4.0 x 10 mm). The mandibular first and second molars on both sides were extracted carefully. Sequentially, osteotomies were made in the mesial socket of each molar tooth. The final implant position was 2 mm below the buccal bone crest level. On the right side, a Group 1 implant was placed anteriorly, with a Group 2 implant in the posterior position; on the left side, the Group 2 implant was anterior and the Group 1 implant was posterior. A digital torque meter was used to measure the maximum final insertion torque value (f-IT). The initial implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured immediately after implant insertion (T0) and immediately after the euthanasia and removing the mandibles. The animals were euthanized (n = 6 animals/ time) at 21 days (T1) and 35 days (T2). To compare statistical differences for each analyzed intragroup parameter, f-test was used. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze possible correlations: f-IT and percentage of bone-to-implant contact (%BIC), f-IT and ISQ, and ISQ and %BIC. Results: Group 1 presented higher insertion torque values than Group 2, with a statistically significant difference (P < .0001). The ISQ mean values were higher in the buccolingual direction than those obtained in the mesiodistal direction for both groups. Higher %BIC measurements were seen in Group 2 than Group 1 samples at both times and in both directions. There were statistical differences between groups for new bone, medullary spaces, and collagen matrix at each evaluation time. Conclusions: Using implants with a modified macrogeometry plays a significant role in implant stability and bone tissue healing around the implant. It is important for clinicians to carefully consider implant macrogeometry when planning implant surgery to achieve optimal implant stability and successful osseointegration, mainly in cases of immediate implant placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of using a customized xenograft shell with a 1:1 mixture of particulate xenograft and autogenous bone for the reconstruction of horizontally deficient anterior maxillary alveolar ridges. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of the atrophic maxilla of eight patients were acquired and generated into 3D models. The data were transferred to a 3D printer for fabrication. During the surgery, xenograft blocks were manually sliced and customized on the 3D-printed models into bone shells. Then they were fixed to the atrophic site, and the gap was augmented with a 1:1 mixture of particulate xenograft and autogenous bone. Results: Clinical assessment showed no adverse effects; however, one patient exhibited wound dehiscence. The mean difference between the preoperative and 6-month postoperative CBCTs showed a net average bone gain of 4.06 mm at 2 mm from the crest and 4.34 mm at 5 mm from the crest, which was statistically significant. On the other hand, a statistically significant graft resorption of 1.41 mm at 2 mm from the crest and 2.19 mm at 5 mm from the crest was found when the mean difference between the immediate and 6-month postoperative CBCTs was calculated. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, the use of xenograft shells as a barrier for maxillary alveolar ridge reconstruction is a predictable technique; however, further investigations regarding the required time for graft consolidation are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To answer the following question: "Do recombinant, purified, and concentrated growth factors enhance the regenerative potential of particulate bone graft substitutes in maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSA)" Materials and Methods: Human studies comparing histomorphometric data on new bone formation, residual graft material, and fibrous tissue ratio (outcomes of interest) following MSA procedures employing particulate bone grafts/substitutes in combination or not with growth factors were retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus online databases and complemented with a hand search. Controlled studies published in English up to December 2022 and reporting on histomorphometric data expressed as volume percentage of the outcomes of interest were considered. Risk of bias was assessed, and a meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effects of supplementary growth factors on new bone formation, remaining graft particles, and fibrous tissue ratio. Results: Data were included from 613 samples in 477 patients reported in 22 publications. Meta-analysis showed that platelet-rich plasma or platelet-rich fibrin resulted in 49% more new bone formation than in control group areas (P = .004), and those areas supplemented with growth factors presented 57% less residual graft particles after healing (P < .0001). A significant (P = .03) 1.85-fold increase in connective tissue formation was noted in areas treated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) after healing. Conclusions: Selective supplementary growth factors may enhance new bone formation and accelerate particulate graft turnover, while rhBMP may significantly increase connective tissue formation in MSA procedures in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This case series aimed to assess the efficacy of a novel horizontal ridge augmentation modality using histology. Combinations of "sticky bone" and tenting screws without autologous bone were used as augmentative materials. Method and materials: Five individuals presenting healed, atrophic, partially edentulous sites that required horizontal bone augmentation before implant placement were enrolled. Patients underwent the same augmentation type and 5 months of postoperative reentry procedures. The first surgery served as implant site development, whereas the biopsy and corresponding implant placement were performed during reentry. The bone was qualitatively analyzed using histology and histomorphometry and quantitatively evaluated using CBCT. Results: Four individuals healed uneventfully. Early wound dehiscence occurred in one case. Histology showed favorable bone substitute incorporation into the newly formed bone and intimate contact between de novo bone and graft material in most cases. Histomorphometry revealed an average of 48 ± 28% newly formed bone, 19 ± 13% graft material, and 33 ± 26% soft tissue components. The CBCTbased mean alveolar ridge horizontal increase was 3.9 ± 0.6 mm at 5 months postoperatively. Conclusions: The described augmentation method appears suitable for implant site development resulting in favorable bone quality according to histology. However, clinicians must accommodate 1 to 2 mm of resorption in augmentative material width at the buccal aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic disorder linked to numerous systemic complications, including adverse effects on skeletal health, such as increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Emerging evidence suggests that high glucose may disrupt the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone, potentially altering its composition and organization. Collagen, the primary organic component of the ECM, is critical for maintaining structural integrity and biomechanical properties. However, definitive evidence and a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which high glucose impacts the ECM and collagen remain elusive. This study employed an ex vivo embryonic chicken femur model to investigate the effects of high glucose on the collagenous matrix. A comprehensive approach integrating histological evaluation, histomorphometry, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, and proteomics was adopted to unravel structural, biochemical, and molecular changes in the ECM. Histomorphometric analysis revealed disrupted collagen fibril architecture, characterized by altered fibril diameter, alignment, and spatial organization. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy highlighted biochemical modifications, including non-enzymatic glycation that impaired collagen crosslinking and reduced matrix integrity. Proteomic profiling unveiled significant alterations in ECM composition and function, including downregulation of key collagen crosslinking enzymes and upregulation of inflammatory and coagulation pathways. High glucose profoundly disrupts the collagenous matrix of bone, weakening its structural integrity and organization. These findings emphasize the critical impact of high glucose environments on extracellular matrix composition and bone quality, offering insights into the mechanisms behind diabetic bone fragility and guiding future research toward targeted therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article in the journal "Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgeon" discusses the histological characteristics and predictors of debris captured by the Sentinel cerebral embolic protection device during transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The study included 112 patients, with debris found in the filters of 96% of all patients. The most prevalent types of debris captured were endothelium/vascular wall, fibrin/thrombus, calcification, and foreign material. The study found differences in the size and number of captured debris among self- and balloon-expandable valves, with predilatation identified as a risk factor for embolic debris. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the histomorphometry of post-extractive sites previously grafted with deproteinized bovine bone, with or without the association of a calcium sulphate preparation. Methods: The retrospective evaluation comprehended patients previously selected and treated for the extraction of one or more mono-radicular teeth, followed by an implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. Post-extractive sites had been randomly assigned to test or control group, respectively, if deproteinized bovine bone was used in association with a calcium sulphate preparation or alone. In both cases, a collagen membrane was employed to cover the grafted area. After four months, a biopsy of regenerated bone was taken from all grafted sites and then processed for histomorphometric analysis. Results: Of 24 samples analyzed 4 months after extraction, vital bone was present in 62.5% of cases for the test group and in 31.25% for the control group. Acellular bone was respectively found in 5% of cases for the test group and in 32.91% for the control group. Both these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05) between groups. Conclusions: Calcium sulphate in association with deproteinized bovine bone seems to promote proper vital bone formation, with less acellular bone compared to deproteinized bovine bone used alone. Socket preservation procedures with the use of specific osteoconductive materials improve the maintenance of width and height of remaining bone. Findings of the present study offer clinicians a predictable protocol for preserving vital bone in early healing of post-extraction sites, slowing down the resorption process at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the implementation of bone substitute materials, regeneration strategies have inevitably evolved over the years. Histomorphometry is the optimal means of quantitative evaluation of bone structure and morphology. This systematic review focuses on determining study models, staining methods and histomorphometric parameters used for bone regeneration research on non-decalcified plastic-embedded specimens over the last 10 years. After being subjected to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 118 studies were included in this review. The results establish the most commonly selected animal model is rat, followed by rabbit, sheep and dog. Strong preference for staining samples with toluidine blue was noted. With regard to histomorphometric parameters, terms related to bone were most frequently assessed, amounting to almost half of recorded parameters. New bone formation was the main descriptor of this category. Residual bone graft and non-bone tissue parameters were also often evaluated. With regard to dynamic histomorphometry, mineral apposition rate (MAR) was the parameter of choice for most researchers, with calcein green being the preferred dye for fluorochrome labelling. An overview of the contemporary literature, as well as weaknesses in the current research protocols have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of Spirulina platensis (Sp) and Vitamin C (Vit C), as a potential strategy to alleviate the negative effects of stress on the bird's fertility. A total of 240 sixweek-old quails were randomly assigned in a completely randomized design with a 3×2×2 factorial arrangement. The experimental treatments included different amounts of Spirulina platensis extract (zero, 0.4, and 0.6 g/kg), Vit C (zero and 300 mg/kg), and dexamethasone (DEX) (zero and 1 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, an analysis was conducted on the biometric features of the oviduct and ovary, as well as the histomorphometry of the oviduct and uterus. Additionally, the concentrations of estrogen and progesterone hormones were measured, along with an assessment of fertility and hatchability rates. The quails that received a diet containing 0.4 g/kg of Sp exhibited a higher ovary height (8.42 mm; P < 0.05). Moreover, the administration of 1 mg/kg DEX and 0.4 g/kg Sp resulted in the highest weight and diameter of the magnum, along with the greatest isthmus diameter (P < 0.05). The consumption of Vit C had a positive effect on the uterine diameter and primary folds length in stressed quails. Also, The incorporation of Sp and Vit C led to an improvement in the primary fold diameter of the isthmus (P < 0.05). However, the treatments did not have any impact on the levels of estrogen and progesterone hormones, as well as the fertility and hatchability rates. In conclusion, the findings of this research indicate that the addition of Spirulina extract and Vit C to the diet had positive impacts on the morphology of the uterus and oviduct in quails experiencing physiological stress. However, these supplements did not show a notable influence on the reproductive capabilities of the quails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several nutritional and health management approaches are endlessly applied for optimizing the wellbeing and performance of day-old chicks. One of the promising techniques is nanoparticles (NPs) on ovo-feeding with zinc oxide (ZnO) and curcumin (Cur), with proven adding benefits for the poultry health. This makes sense beyond the use and examination of their nanoparticles for in ovo inoculation (IO). Although limited study, examined the combined effects of both zinc and curcumin nanoparticles in ovo feeding. This study aims to examine the possible combined effects of both zinc and curcumin nanoparticles by IO on the hatched broiler chicks physiological parameters, immune status, and gut health. Six hundred fertilized eggs (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into five groups with 4 replicates per group in a completely randomized design (n = 120). The 1st group (G1) was kept as negative control without injection (G1), while the second one (G2) was IO with vehicle (sterile distilled water-DW). The remaining eggs were IO with Cur-NPs (G3), ZnO-NPs (G4), and both of NPs (G5). Current work outcome results have shown a significant (p < 0.05) increase of heterophil counts in G4 and G5 compared to other tested groups. The intestinal villus height and width showed an important increase in G4 and G5 in relation to other ones. The present study concluded that zinc nanoparticles through IO has a positive effect on the day-old chick's physiological properties. As well as the gut health and integrity, that may positively affect the growth performance of the chick. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing standard feed to support and improve the growth, productivity, health, and digestibility of livestock still requires feed additives, one of which is the natural feed additive spirulina flour. Spirulina flour was one of the natural feed additives chosen because it contained bioactive compounds, had no side effects on livestock, and substitute for antibiotics for livestock, so it could increase the growth, productivity, health, and digestibility of Peking ducks. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of spirulina flour feed additive on Peking duck liver histomorphometry. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 types of spirulina flour concentration treatments (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) and 5 replications including 5 ducks in each replication. The treatment groups included P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4. Measurement variables included liver weight, hepatosomatic index, hepatocyte and central vein diameter, and sinusoid width. The data obtained were analyzed by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the addition of spirulina flour as a feed additive had no effect on liver weight, hepatosomatic index, hepatocyte diameter, central vein diameter, and sinusoid width. The conclusion of this research was that added spirulina flour (Spirulina sp.) feed additive potentially maintained the histomorphometry of the Peking duck liver organ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Astaxanthin, a natural ketone carotenoid, is among the environmentally friendly antioxidants and immunopotentiators. A 60-day feeding experiment was proceeded to assess the feasibility of astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis as a growth promoter, antioxidant, and immunostimulant in the hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. mossambicus). Experimental diets containing grade amounts of Haematococcus pluvialis powder (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g kg−1 feed) were formulated to be fed to red tilapia (Initial weight 27 ± 0.5 g) and designated as control, HP0.5, HP1, and HP1.5, respectively. The results indicated that the HP1 and HP1.5 promoted growth performance by decreasing FCR and increasing FBW, WG, WGR, and SGR confirmed by better intestinal morphology. Moreover, the HP1 and HP1.5 diets improved non-specific immunity via enhancing phagocytic activity, IgG and IgM contents, and nitric oxide, while decreasing MPO values compared to the control. Additionally, the H. pluvialis diets boosted antioxidant ability through elevating serum SOD and GSH activities, unlike the control group. The HP0.5, HP1, and HP1.5 diets also exerted hepatoprotective effects via histological sections as well as, suppressing liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT) and reducing serum TG and cholesterol contents confirmed our data. Besides, a notable decrease in the serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 along with hepatic mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and caspase-3 with the increasing doses of H. pluvialis. These results proposed that a diet supplemented with 1 and 1.5 g kg−1H. pluvialis is exhorted to augment the growth performance, hepatoprotection, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and anti-inflammatory response of red tilapia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigated the effects of endurance exercise training and zoledronic acid (Zol) treatment on ovariectomy-induced osteopenia. Methods: Middle-aged female Wistar rats were subjected to sham and ovariectomy surgeries and assigned to seven different groups according to Zol treatment doses and treadmill endurance exercise (Ex) training; these were the Sham, Ovx, Ovx + LowZ, Ovx + HighZ, Ovx + Ex, Ovx + LowZ + Ex, Ovx + HighZ + Ex groups. The subcutaneous doses for the low- and high-Zol-treated ovariectomized rats were 20 and 100 µg/kg, respectively. Total intervention period was 10 weeks. Results: When comparing the Ovx groups to the Sham group, ovariectomy resulted in multiple compromises in bone histomorphometry, size-related measurements, and biomechanical properties. Two-way ANOVA was adopted to investigate the effects of Zol treatments and Ex on the six ovariectomized groups. In spongy bone histomorphometry, Zol treatment resulted in comprehensive preservation for all parameters, while exercise demonstrated benefits for osteoclastic number and mineralization activity. In serum marker assays, the Zol-treated rats had lower serum osteocalcin and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio when compared to the non-treated rats. Exercise training significantly benefited metabolism through lower serum triglycerides, cholesterol, leptin, IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio, along with increased IGFBP-3 and phosphorus (p < 0.05). In bone-size-related measurements and biomechanical property analyses, data were normalized to body weight. For whole bone strength, Zol treatments demonstrated higher bone fracture load (FL) and FL energy, while Ex showed benefits to yield load, FL, post-yield load energy, and stiffness. In tissue-level biomechanical properties, rats treated with the higher Zol dose were higher in yield stress and yield toughness. Exercise benefited most bone-size-related measurements, while the high Zol-treated rats showed smaller medullar area. Conclusion: When combined with Zol treatments, exercise training did not demonstrate significant collaborative or modifying effects. Exercise and bisphosphonate tend to affect to bone through distinct pathways. A lower dose or different timing of Zol treatment or during a later phase of bisphosphonate treatment (drug holiday) might allow the occurrence of synergistic effects between Zol treatment and exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) comprises more than 90% of oral cavity cancer and remains the leading cause of death in oral disease. Limited studies have been conducted to evaluate cellular histomorphometry changes in OSCC compared to premalignant lesions such as Dysplastic leukoplakia (DL), Nondysplastic leukoplakia (NDL), and normal epithelial. This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on total 72 samples, including superficial areas of squamous cell carcinoma (SCCSF), Invasive Front of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCCIF), Apparently Normal Adjacent Oral Mucosa (SCCANM) or normal margin, Dysplastic leukoplakia (DL), Nondysplastic leukoplakia (NDL), and normal oral mucosa tissue (NOM) (N = 12 per group). ANOVA was used to compare the nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio (N/C), nucleus area (NA), and cellular area (CA) of the stained hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) samples in the studied groups. A P value less than 0.05 was considered to be a significant level. There was a significant increase in the CA, NA, and N/C in the basal and parabasal layers from normal epithelium to dysplastic epithelium and OSCC. The highest NA, CA, and N/C were in the SCCIF and SCCSF groups, respectively, and the lowest was observed in NOM. In addition, SCCANM basal and parabasal layer cells had a significant difference in N/C compared to NOM, which indicates a high risk of SCCANM transformation into malignancy. Cell histomorphometry changes were observed from normal tissue to premalignant lesions and OSCC. These parameters can be used as indicators of the potential for transformation into malignancy in premalignant lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) represents histological bone changes in patients with chronic kidney disease and is classified according to turnover and mineralization. This cross-sectional study evaluates several bone biomarkers and their ability to discriminate turnover and mineralization defects in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Bone-specific [BSAP] and total [tAP] alkaline phosphatase, procollagen-1 N-terminal propeptide [P1NP], C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide [CTX], intact [iPTH] and whole [wPTH] parathyroid hormone, sclerostin [SOST], fibroblast growth factor 23 [FGF-23], vitamin D, osteoprotegerin [OPG], and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand [RANKL] were collected before the bone biopsy. Thirty-two patients were evaluated by bone histomorphometry, which identified mineralization defects and low and high turnover in 47%, 50%, and 41% of patients, respectively. Bone biomarkers (tAP, BSAP, CTX, P1NP) and hormones (iPTH, wPTH, and SOST) were capable of identifying low and high turnover (AUC > 0.877 and >0.857, respectively, p < 0.001). PTH plus AP had the best accuracy for identifying high turnover. BSAP > 2x, iPTH > 8x, and wPTH > 6x upper limit of normal range identified high turnover. Lower calcium values (Ca < 8.7 mg/dL) were correlated with mineralization defects. On the other hand, FGF-23, OPG, and RANKL did not impact the turnover and mineralization. While bone histomorphometry is not widely available, bone biomarkers such as BSAP, P1NP, PTH, and calcium allow the assessment of turnover and mineralization defects in HD patients. Then, using bone biomarkers may help clinicians define treatments for ROD and osteoporosis and monitor therapeutic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of soybean meal in animal feed is crucial for nutrition but has a significant environmental impact, especially related to deforestation and biodiversity loss. With the increasing demand for sustainable agricultural practices, it becomes essential to explore alternatives to soybean meal. This study evaluated the effect of a soy-free diet, replaced with fava beans and pea protein, on an Italian slow-growing chicken breed: the Bianca di Saluzzo. The results indicate that the experimental diet did not compromise the growth, final weight or intestinal health of the animals, demonstrating a good tolerance and adaptability of the breed to these alternative ingredients. Furthermore, the analysis of the intestinal microbiota showed a positive impact, with an increase in organic acids such as succinic and citric, which could improve intestinal health and metabolic efficiency. Some changes in liver enzyme levels were observed, such as the increase in glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, an enzyme involved in amino acid metabolism. This increase could indicate a higher efficiency in protein metabolism, suggesting that the diet based on alternative ingredients could support an improvement in liver metabolism. Although this aspect deserves further investigation, it could represent a positive effect of the diet on liver function and overall health of the animals. Further studies are needed to fully understand the long-term implications of these dietary modifications, particularly in relation to the gut microbiota and metabolism. Highlights: Soy-free diet supports sustainable poultry production. No impact on gut health and growth. Slow-growing breeds adapt well to alternative proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal scientists actively seek strategies for ensuring the sustainable viability of animal ecosystems, with a focus on exploring alternative feed raw materials to reduce reliance on traditional ones. So, this study aims to analyse the impact of river-sourced Cladophora glomerata macroalgal biomass on the growth, slaughter performance, and physiological development of rabbits. Thirty weaned (52 days of age) Californian rabbits were assigned to three dietary treatments: standard compound diet (SCD), SCD enriched with 4% C. glomerata (CG4), and SCD enriched with 8% C. glomerata (CG8). Growth performance was recorded throughout the feeding trial, and at its conclusion (122 days of age), rabbits were euthanized, slaughtered, and subjected to intestinal analysis. Incorporation of CG diets showed no significant impact on body weight or average daily gain (p > 0.05); however, CG8 significantly lowered daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). The SCD resulted in a significantly higher lung percentage (p < 0.05), while CG diets had minimal effects on remaining slaughter performance traits. In duodenal content, CG-enriched diets increased acetic and propionic acid levels but reduced lactic (p < 0.05). Duodenal villus height remained stable, while in the ileum, CG4 inclusion resulted in a significantly higher villus (p < 0.05). Duodenal crypt depth increased with biomass supplementation; conversely, in the ileum, increased biomass led to decreased crypt depth (p < 0.05). In general, recent research suggests that adding C. glomerata to rabbit diets can be an effective alternative without adverse effects on growth, slaughter performance, or physiologial development. HIGHLIGHTS: C. glomerata macroalgal biomass is usually considered waste. Collecting C. glomerata macroalgal biomass from natural water bodies not only enhances their biodiversity and recreational value but also yields valuable raw material for diverse applications in biotechnology. C. glomerata macroalgal biomass, with its high fibre content, aligns with the unique digestive physiology of rabbits, making it a suitable nutritional component for their dietary requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study determined the effects of vibrational forces on bone formation in the retention period of an expanded mid-palatal, histomorphometric suture in a rat model. Methods: Twenty-four 7–8- to 8-week-old male Wistar rats weighing 190.25 ± 15.35 g were separated into groups: only expansion (G1), expansion and 30 Hz vibration application (G2), and expansion and 111 Hz vibration application (G3). After 5 days of expansion, there were 12 days of retention. All animals were sacrificed, and their premaxilla were dissected. A histological examination evaluated the number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and capillaries, the amount of mineralized area, and the fibrosis area. Results: Statistical analyses showed significant differences among the groups for all parameters. The number of osteoblasts, new bone area, fibrosis area, blood vessels, and measurements demonstrated statistically significant differences. For all histomorphometric parameters except osteoclast numbers, G3 showed more positive results than G1 and G2 regarding new bone formation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of vibrational forces might stimulate bone formation in an orthopedically expanded midpalatal suture during the retention period. These applications may help prevent relapse after the expansion procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histomorphometry is an important technique in the evaluation of non‐traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Quantification of empty lacunae and pyknotic cells on histological images is the most reliable measure of ONFH pathology, yet it is time and manpower consuming. This study focused on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology to tissue image evaluation. The aim of this study is to establish an automated cell counting platform using YOLOv8 as an object detection model on ONFH tissue images and to evaluate and validate its accuracy. From 30 ONFH model rabbits, 270 tissue images were prepared; based on evaluations by three researchers, ground truth labels were created to classify each cell in the image into two classes (osteocytes and empty lacunae) or three classes (osteocytes, pyknotic cells, and empty lacunae). Two and three classes were then annotated on each image. Transfer learning based on annotated data (80% for training and 20% for validation) was performed using YOLOv8n and YOLOv8x with different parameters. To evaluate the detection accuracy of the training model, the mean average precision (mAP (50)) and precision‐recall curve were identified. In addition, the reliability of cell counting by YOLOv8 relative to manual cell counting was evaluated by linear regression analysis using five histological images unused in previous experiments. The mAP (50) for the detection of empty lacunae was 0.868 for the YOLOv8n and 0.883 for the YOLOv8x. The mAP (50) for the three classes was 0.735 for the YOLOv8n model and 0.750 for the YOLOv8x model. The quantification of empty lacunae by automated cell counting obtained in the learning was highly correlated with the manual counting data. The development of an AI‐applied automated cell counting platform will significantly reduce the time and effort of manual cell counting in histological analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of Spirulina platensis (Sp) and Vitamin C (Vit C), as a potential strategy to alleviate the negative effects of stress on the bird's fertility. A total of 240 six-week-old quails were randomly assigned in a completely randomized design with a 3×2×2 factorial arrangement. The experimental treatments included different amounts of Spirulina platensis extract (zero, 0.4, and 0.6 g/kg), Vit C (zero and 300 mg/kg), and dexamethasone (DEX) (zero and 1 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, an analysis was conducted on the biometric features of the oviduct and ovary, as well as the histomorphometry of the oviduct and uterus. Additionally, the concentrations of estrogen and progesterone hormones were measured, along with an assessment of fertility and hatchability rates. The quails that received a diet containing 0.4 g/kg of Sp exhibited a higher ovary height (8.42 mm; P < 0.05). Moreover, the administration of 1 mg/kg DEX and 0.4 g/kg Sp resulted in the highest weight and diameter of the magnum, along with the greatest isthmus diameter (P < 0.05). The consumption of Vit C had a positive effect on the uterine diameter and primary folds length in stressed quails. Also, The incorporation of Sp and Vit C led to an improvement in the primary fold diameter of the isthmus (P < 0.05). However, the treatments did not have any impact on the levels of estrogen and progesterone hormones, as well as the fertility and hatchability rates. In conclusion, the findings of this research indicate that the addition of Spirulina extract and Vit C to the diet had positive impacts on the morphology of the uterus and oviduct in quails experiencing physiological stress. However, these supplements did not show a notable influence on the reproductive capabilities of the quails.

Objective: To clinically and histologically evaluate the potential effect of a cross-linked, high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (xHyA) on the outcomes of guided bone regeneration performed with a demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) covered with a natural collagen membrane. Method and materials: Eleven patients (eight females and three males, mean age53years) with a total of 27 surgical sites were treated. Treatments were performed with either DBBM and natural collagen membrane fixed with tacks (group A) or DBBM mixed with xHyAand subsequently covered with natural collagen membrane (group B). Clinical evaluations were made at baseline (Tl), immediately after guided bone regeneration (T2), and at the time of implant placement (T3). Additionally, at the time of implant placement, core biopsies were retrieved and submitted for histologic analysis. Results: Healing was uneventful in all cases. At 6months, group B revealed a statistically significantly higher crestal ridge dimension compared to group A (P =.007). The histologic analysis revealed a tendency for greater mineralized tissue formation in group B compared to group A (67.5% versus 41.6%) and contained a higher amount of new bone (37.2%) and less DBBM residues (20.9%) than group A (12.8% new bone and 28.8% DBBM residues, respectively). Conclusions: Within their limits, the present data indicate that, during guided bone regeneration with natural collagen membrane, the combination of DBBM and xHyA may improve the qualityand quantityof boneformed with DBBM alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Low bone density and lack of adequate vertical bone dimension as a result of maxillary sinus pneumatization present some of the most problematic cases for endosseous implant applications in posterior maxillary regions that hinder prosthetic rehabilitation. The overall objectives of the study were to assess the histologic, histomorphometric, and radiologic evaluation of biopsies gathered from maxillary sinuses that were grafted with three different bovine bone particles (Bio-Oss, Cerabone, and Ti-Oss) and analyze the volume of the bone graft and the quantity of new bone formation. Method and materials: Thirty-six patients with < 4 mm of residual ridge height unilaterally in the posterior maxilla were equally divided into three groups, each of which received different bovine bone particles for maxillary sinus augmentation. Six months later, biopsies were harvested for histologic and histomorphometric evaluations. Volumetric changes in maxillary sinus augmentation were analyzed at 1-week and 6-month time-points following maxillary sinus augmentation surgery. Results: Histomorphometric and histologic analysis revealed a significant difference between the Ti-Oss group compared with the Bio-Oss and Cerabone groups (P=.011). In terms of residual graft particlesand soft tissue, there were no significant differences between groups. 3D volumetric reductions between 1-week (baseline) and 6-month time-points recorded significant graft volume reduction in all groups (P < .05). Significantly greater bone resorption and lower new-bone formation were manifested in the Ti-Oss group in comparison to the other groups. Conclusions: Within the limits of thisstudy, histologic and radiologic results indicated that Bio-Oss and Cerabone could be used efficiently in sinus augmentation procedures, while further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the Ti-Oss material in maxillary sinus augmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epididymis is a crucial component of the goat's reproductive structure. The epididymis is responsible for the transportation, concentration, and maturation of sperm. This study aimed to examine the differences in the structure of macro and microanatomy, tissue composition, and the existence of androgen receptors in the epididymis of Kacang goats aged 4, 8, and 12 months. The assessment of macroscopic organ growth was done immediately after sampling, whereas microscopic measurements were carried out following histological preparations using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) procedures. The results on the macroscopic anatomy of the epididymis indicated a significant association between age with the width of the caput dexter and sinister and the circumference of the right cauda. However, no significant relationship was found between age with the corpus length and the left cauda's circumference. Significant variations were observed in the diameter and concentration of the agglutinated spermatozoa in the lumen during histomorphometry of the epididymis in three age groups of Kacang goats. There were no statistically significant variations in the expression of androgen receptors among the three age groups. This study showed that the correlation coefficient test reveals a positive relationship between age and the caput width and corpus length dimensions, indicating that these measurements tend to grow as age increases. On the other hand, the diameter of the agglutinated spermatozoa in the epididymal lumen exhibits significant variations between the ages of 4 months, with the ages of 8 months and 12 months, suggesting that the sperm becomes fully matured by the age of 8 months.

Background: One of the organs in the human fetus that starts to differentiate extremely early and keeps doing so throughout the postnatal period is the cerebellum. The goal of this study was to create a nomogram using the chronological events that were occurring and the relationship with progressing gestational age. Granule cells and Purkinje cells play a crucial role in the normal development of the cerebellum. Any disruption at the cellular level can lead to abnormal migration of these cells, potentially resulting in hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis. Methodology: Tissue specimens from 60 human fetuses were studied for histological changes after being grouped into four from 13th week to 32nd week. Fetuses with any neurological deficit were excluded from the study. Different layers were identified, and the thickness of each layer was noted. Results: The first two groups had three layers, but the composition was different in both. The marginal and mantle layers in the second group disappeared completely. The third group showed presence of five layers, with addition of lamina dissecans, appearing for a transient period. The fourth group had four layers. The thickness of external granular layer and internal granular layer (IGL) increased throughout, except that the IGL made an appearance from the second group only. Lamina dissecans appeared, causing a significant shift between 23 and 27 weeks. The fetus has a four-layered structure near term, with an external granular layer persisting throughout the early postnatal stage of life. Progression of pregnancy was positively connected with the molecular and Purkinje cell layer (PCL) thickness. Conclusion: Progression of pregnancy was positively connected with the molecular and PCL thickness. Age determination and neuropsychiatric disorders of the developing fetus may benefit from such a link.

Objectives: The aim of this matched prospective cohort study was to examine the microarchitecture of the augmented bone following a modified alveolar ridge splitting procedure and compare it to that of native bone. Methods: In the test group, patients underwent a modified ridge split osteotomy procedure to restore the width of the posterior segment of the mandible. Patients with sufficient bone width for dental implant placement in the posterior region of the mandible following 3-month-long spontaneous healing after tooth removal were included in the control group. In both study groups, bone biopsy samples were harvested and dental implants were placed. Histomorphometry and micro-CT analysis were performed. Results: Altogether, 15 patients were included in this study (7 patients in the test group, with 14 bone core biopsies harvested, and 8 patients in the control group, with 13 bone core biopsies harvested). Percentage bone volume (BV/TV) in the micro-CT analysis (22.088 ± 8.094% and 12.075 ± 4.009% for the test and control group, respectively) showed statistically significant differences between study groups. Conclusions: Based on histological and micro-CT analyses, the modified ridge splitting procedure with autologous bone block harvested from the retromolar area results in a dental implant recipient bone microarchitecture superior to that of the extraction sockets left to heal undisturbed for a 3-month-long healing period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Androgenic alopecia (AGA), a hair loss condition caused by dihydrotestosterone binding to hair follicle receptors, negatively impacts quality of life for both men and women. Current treatments like minoxidil and finasteride have limitations, highlighting the need for alternative therapies, such as human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCB-MSCs). Methods: In this study, forty-eight adult male Wistar albino rats (3 months old) were used. The control group (Group I) received no treatment, while the other rats underwent AGA induction via daily subcutaneous testosterone injections (100 mg/kg). These rats developed alopecia and were divided into three groups: AGA (Group II), AGA plus daily minoxidil spray (Group III), and AGA plus a single intradermal injection of HUCB-MSCs (1 mL containing 1 × 105 cells, Group IV). After 4 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, and skin specimens were prepared for histological analysis using H&E, Masson’s trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining for CK 19, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and TUNEL antibodies. Results: It was shown that HUCB-MSC treatment reversed structural damage to hair and follicles, normalizing conditions within 1-week post-injection. The treatment enhanced the anagen phase, suppressed telogen and catagen phases, reduced apoptosis, and increased VEGF and CK 19 immune reactions. Observational follow-up for Groups III and IV revealed that while the minoxidil group experienced significant hair loss after 37 days, the stem cell group exhibited dense and long hair covering the treated area. Conclusion: HUCB-MSC therapy demonstrated superior efficacy over minoxidil with no observed side effects, indicating its potential as a promising alternative for AGA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone histology and histomorphometry are reliable diagnostic tools for the assessment of the bone–implant interface, material safety and biocompatibility, and tissue response. They allow for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of undecalcified bone specimens. This scoping review aims to identify the most common staining techniques, study models for in vivo experiments, and histomorphometric parameters used for quantitative bone evaluation of osseointegrated dental implants in the last decade. The Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched on 1 July 2024 for relevant articles in English, published in the last ten years, and the data were exported to an MS Excel spreadsheet. A total of 115 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the present review. The results indicate that the most common study models are dogs, rabbits, and pigs. Some of the most frequently used methods for the assessment of the bone–implant interface are the Toluidine blue, Stevenel's blue with Van Gieson, and Levai–Laczko stainings. The results from this study demonstrate that the most commonly used histomorphometric parameters in implant dentistry are the bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO), bone area (BA), and bone density (BD). This review presents the recent trends in histomorphometric analysis of dental implants and identifies some research gaps that necessitate further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phthalates are a group of chemicals used to make plastics more durable, and they are often called plasticisers. Additionally, these chemicals are found in hundreds of products such as floor coverings, lubricating oils, and personal care products (soaps, shampoos, hair sprays). Consumer products containing phthalates can result in human exposure through direct contact and use, indirectly through leaching into the other products or general environmental contamination. In this study, the effects of Diisobutyl phthalate a commonly used phthalate, were investigated histopathologically and morphometrically to determine whether it is one of the causes of increased infertility in recent years. Two study groups of albino Wistar albino rats (total n: 40) were formed; the control group (untreated control group, solvent-corn oil the control group) and the experimental group. DiBP was administered by oral gavage to the experimental group in 3 different doses (0.25--0.5--1 mL/kg/day) mixed with corn oil every day for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, testicular tissue samples taken from all the experimental and control animals were evaluated histopathologically and morphometrically by light microscopy after routine preparation. Degeneration/atrophic tubules were quite prominent in the sections. Tubules containing degenerated germ cells and tubules devoid of germ cells were observed. It was determined that in most tubules, only tubules covered with Sertoli cells remained due to germ cell death. In addition, multinucleated giant cells were frequently encountered in such tubules. Dilatation and thickening in the basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule were accompanied by decreased PAS-positive reaction. The morphometric results supported the histopathological findings. Significant dose-related morphometrical changes (p<0.0001), including seminiferous tubule diameter, tubular lumen diameter, spermatogenic cell line height and basal lamina thickness were observed between the control and administration groups. According to the control, sham and G1, the number of these multinucleated cells (MGC) increased in G2 and G3 but these increases were statistically insignificant (p > 0.9999). In conclusion, it was observed that irreversible damage occurred in the testicular tissues of DiBP-exposed groups, and it was decided that this could be the cause of infertility. Therefore, we recommend the use of an alternative plasticiser with proven reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The variable positions of the appendix can mislead surgeons and physicians to a wrong diagnosis. When appendicitis happens in subhepatic caecum, it can be misdiagnosed and can lead to severe complications during surgical procedures. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the histomorphometric development of the appendix and caecum and to identify when lymphoid follicles appear in the appendix during fetal life. Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 50 fetuses. The caecum and appendix were carefully dissected. Their position and various measurements were observed. Afterwards, the appendix was taken out for histological processing. All three layers, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa were measured using Image Analyzer Software Image Pro Premiere 9.1, and the appearance of lymphoid follicles was also examined. Results were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: During the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters the most common caecum type was type 1: as a lengthy tube, type 3: The lateral wall expanded more, thus it has an asymmetric saccule, and type 4: adult-like caecum. The caecum was mostly situated in the right lumbar region in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. In the 1st trimester, it was subhepatic in position. The most common position of the appendix was 11 o'clock in 1st and 3rd trimesters. 2nd trimester's most common position of the appendix was 12 o'clock. The thickness of the mucosa, submucosa, and the muscularis externa increases as the trimester increases. The lymphoid follicles have appeared during the 2nd trimester. Conclusion: The knowledge from this study will be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of malformations, pathology, and anomalies of the caecum and appendix due to congenital causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In this preclinical study, we used an experimental rabbit model to investigate the effects of a new implant design that involves specific changes to the cervical portion, using a conventional implant design in the control group. Materials and Methods: We used 10 rabbits and 40 dental implants with two different macrogeometries. Two groups were formed (n = 20 per group): the Collo group, wherein implants with the new cervical design were used, which present a concavity (reduction in diameter) in the first 3.5 mm, the portion without surface treatment; the Control group, wherein conical implants with the conventional design were used, with surface treatment throughout the body. All implants were 4 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length. The initial implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured immediately after the implant insertion (T1) and sample removal (T2 and T3). The animals (n = five animals/time) were euthanized at 3 weeks (T1) and 4 weeks (T2). Histological sections were prepared and the bone–implant contact (BIC%) and tissue area fraction occupancy (TAFO%) percentages were analyzed in the predetermined cervical area; namely, the first 4 mm from the implant platform. Results: The ISQ values showed no statistical differences at T1 and T2 (p = 0.9458 and p = 0.1103, respectively) between the groups. However, at T3, higher values were found for the Collo group (p = 0.0475) than those found for the Control group. The Collo samples presented higher BIC% values than those of the Control group, with statistical differences of p = 0.0009 at 3 weeks and p = 0.0007 at 4 weeks. There were statistical differences in the TAFO% (new bone, medullary spaces, and the collagen matrix) between the groups at each evaluation time (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Considering the limitations of the present preclinical study, the results demonstrate that the new implant design (the Collo group) had higher implant stability (ISQ) values in the samples after 4 weeks of implantation. Furthermore, the histomorphometric BIC% and TAFO% analyses showed that the Collo group had higher values at both measurement times than the Control group did. These findings indicate that changes made to the cervical design of the Collo group implants may benefit the maintenance of peri-implant tissue health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pelargonium graveolens is a species of pelargonium known for its aromatic leaves, which are used to produce essential oil. This essential oil is highly valued in aromatherapy for its antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and skin-healing properties. This study was undertaken to assess the impacts of oral administration of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil (PEO) on fertility enhancement of rabbits' testicles and Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GCMS) examination. The chemical elements of PEO oil were characterized in the physico-chemical center (TPPCA), Algeria. Thirty-one white prepubescent male rabbits belonging to the local population aged 2 months, divided into three groups including one control batch and two experimental batches, administered orally with PEO at 0.4 mL/kg and 0.6 mL/kg/body weight doses. After 21 days of treatment, the rabbits were sacrificed and dissected, the testes were excised, defatted, weighed and preserved in Bouin Holland's solution. Phytochemical screening of P. graveolens essential oil shows the presence of 26 and 18 bioactive molecules of the plants collected in May and November 2023, respectively. In contrast to the reference group, the macroscopic parameters were higher in the treated groups and the histological analysis demonstrated notable microscopic variations between the treated rabbits and the baseline batch, such as the appearance of the first elongated spermatids in some seminiferous tubules. These results suggest that the P.graveolens essential oil could improve the development and the reproductive process of prepubescent male rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Methodology Results Conclusion Trial Registration Sinus floor elevation is one of the predictable techniques for augmentation of vertically deficient posterior maxillary alveolar ridges. Several biomaterials were reported to be successful for sinus augmentation, including xenografts and hydroxyapatite. The aim of this study was to compare the quality and quantity of generated bone using xenografts versus nanohydroxyapatite in sinus augmentation.Twenty‐four patients/sinuses were randomly assigned into two groups; in the control group, patients underwent sinus floor elevation and augmentation using deproteinized bovine bone (DBB), whereas in the study group, the sinus was augmented using nanohydroxy‐apatite bone (NHA). For each patient, the amount of bone height was assessed preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 6 months postoperatively. Furthermore, the quality of the newly formed bone was assessed via histological and histomorphometric analyses after 6 months postoperatively.Both biomaterials showed a good level of consolidation. In the study group, the mean bone height after 6 months was 11.72 ± 1.24 compared to 12.01 ± 1.16 mm in the control group which was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mean bone area percent of newly formed bone was 29.84% ± 6.7% for NHA group and 34.73 ± 7.9 for DBB group. Moreover, the mean percent of residual grafting material was 32.43% ± 11.53% for NHA group compared to 30.43% ± 8.27% for DBB group. Histologically, there was no significant difference between both groups regarding different parameters (p > 0.05).The two‐stage sinus floor augmentation using NHA and DBB revealed no statistically significant difference regarding both the quality and the quantity of the regenerated bone. Studies with larger samples and longer follow up are recommended.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03184857. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Different protocols and procedures for sinus lift and implant placement are available, generally involving the use of grafts to increase the tissue volume and/or prevent the Schneiderian membrane from collapsing. Among xenografts, deproteinised bovine bone graft (DBBP) is frequently used in sinus lift procedures. Leaving an ungrafted space following membrane elevation has proven to have a bony regenerative potential as well. This study aimed to compare the clinical and histological features of sinus lift surgery performed with or without biomaterials. Methods: Patients with severe maxillary posterior atrophy (residual bone height 2–6 mm and residual crest thickness ≥4 mm), and in need of sinus lift surgery to allow the placement of three implants were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. They underwent sinus lifts with DBBP (control) or with a graftless technique (test) and immediate placement of two implants (a mesial and distal one). After 6 months, a bone sample was retrieved from the area between the previously inserted fixtures, and a third, central implant was placed. The collected bone samples were analyzed morphologically and histomorphometrically. The patients were provided with prosthetic restorations after 6 months and followed up for 5–12 years. Results: Ten patients were enrolled in the test and nine in the control group. The 6‐month follow‐up showed in the control group an average augmentation of 10.31 mm (±2.12), while in the test group it was 8.5 mm (±1.41) and a success rate of 96.3% in the control and 86.7% in the test group (p > 0.05). The histological analysis evidenced the presence of new bone tissue surrounded by immature osteoid matrix in the test group, and a variable number of DBBP particles surrounded by an immature woven bone matrix in the control group. Conclusion: The results of the present trial indicate that, with residual bone height of 2–6 mm and residual crest thickness ≥4 mm, sinus lift surgery with or without biomaterials followed by implant restoration, produces similar clinical and histological outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a detailed gross description of all anatomical elements of the humerus in the African green monkey and provides comparative and differential elements on monkey osteology. The osteometric investigation adds value to the gross morphological investigation, adjoining metric data to the gross descriptive data set. An in-depth investigation of the microstructural aspects of the humeral bone tissue is provided, with qualitative and quantitative details and potential for diagnostic applications. Of the gross morphological elements described, several unique features specific to this species include the humeral head shape that presents with distinctive low convexity and caudal placement, the shape of the intertubercular groove, the less developed greater tubercle, and the disposition of the rotator cuff muscle insertion. Furthermore, the overall cranio-lateral curvature of the bone shaft was found to have a distinctive 154–155 degree of angulation of the diaphysis, and the well-developed medial epicondyle was observed with its distinctive medio-caudal retroflexion. The histological investigation was more indicative of a typical non-primate organization of the bone tissue, with laminar vascular and avascular structures combined with the presence of the secondary Haversian system involving a mixture of scattered and dense unorganized secondary osteonal structures. The histomorphometric investigation yielded metrical data for the secondary osteonal structures in terms of area (20,331 ± 5105 µm2), perimeter, and vascular canal area (64,769 ± 257 µm2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epididymis is a crucial component of the goat's reproductive structure. The epididymis is responsible for the transportation, concentration, and maturation of sperm. This study aimed to examine the differences in the structure of macro and microanatomy, tissue composition, and the existence of androgen receptors in the epididymis of Kacang goats aged 4, 8, and 12 months. The assessment of macroscopic organ growth was done immediately after sampling, whereas microscopic measurements were carried out following histological preparations using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) procedures. The results on the macroscopic anatomy of the epididymis indicated a significant association between age with the width of the caput dexter and sinister and the circumference of the right cauda. However, no significant relationship was found between age with the corpus length and the left cauda's circumference. Significant variations were observed in the diameter and concentration of the agglutinated spermatozoa in the lumen during histomorphometry of the epididymis in three age groups of Kacang goats. There were no statistically significant variations in the expression of androgen receptors among the three age groups. This study showed that the correlation coefficient test reveals a positive relationship between age and the caput width and corpus length dimensions, indicating that these measurements tend to grow as age increases. On the other hand, the diameter of the agglutinated spermatozoa in the epididymal lumen exhibits significant variations between the ages of 4 months, with the ages of 8 months and 12 months, suggesting that the sperm becomes fully matured by the age of 8 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether autogenous tooth grafting material (ATGM) is as safe and effective as other bone substitutes used for maxillary sinus augmentation procedures, evaluating histomorphometric and/or histological data, implant primary stability, associated complications and radiographic bone height measurements. An automated electronic search was conducted using four databases (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library), supplemented by a manual search, to identify clinical human studies using particulate ATGM for the aforementioned procedure. The included studies had a sample size of at least four patients and were published before 31st July 2024. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist were used to assess the risk of bias in cohort studies and case series, respectively. Seven studies were included in the descriptive analysis, obtaining 128 participants (46.8% only treated with ATGM) and 192 placed implants. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, meta-analysis could not be performed. The authors concluded that ATGM appears to be a feasible and safe alternative for maxillary sinus augmentation procedures. These results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited amount of scientific evidence on this topic and the heterogeneity between the included studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cisplatin (CPN) is widely used for the management of various malignant tumors. Objectives: This study investigated the effects of Thymoquinone (TQN) on the expression of the p62 gene in CPN-induced testicular damage in mice. Methods: Histomorphometry, testis injury scores, expression of p62, and protein levels of LC3-II were assessed. Results: Cisplatin induced histological changes, increased p62 expression (P < 0.01), and reduced LC3-II levels (P < 0.001). Thymoquinone pretreatment decreased p62 expression while increasing LC3-II protein levels. Thymoquinone significantly reversed the testicular injury scores and improved histomorphometric parameters. Conclusions: The results indicate that TQN enhances autophagy and improves testicular tissue in CPN-intoxicated mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex estimation from skeletal remains is crucial in forensic anthropology, with growing interest in the microscopic differences in bone structure between sexes. This study compared the Haversian canal (Osteonic canal) diameter (Diameter.Hc) and Haversian system (Osteon) diameter (Diameter.Hs) in the humerus, radius, and ulna of adult males and females in a Thai population. Transverse sections from the midshaft of each bone were obtained from 20 cadavers (10 males, 10 females), processed histologically, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results showed no significant differences in Diameter.Hc and Diameter.Hs between sexes or among the three bones within each sex (p > 0.05). However, both parameters were larger in humans compared to Assamese macaques, highlighting interspecific variations in bone microstructure. These findings suggest that Haversian canal and system diameters may not be reliable sex indicators in the Thai population. Nonetheless, the observed differences between humans and non-human primates underscore the importance of further research into interspecific variation in bone microstructure and its potential applications in forensic anthropology and comparative anatomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer therapy is often associated with severe side effects such as drug induced weight loss, also known as chemotherapy-induced cachexia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a multispecies probiotic (OMNi-BiOTiC® 10 AAD) in a chemotherapy mouse model. A total of 24 male BALB/c mice were gavage-fed with the probiotic formulation or water, once a day for 3 weeks. In the third week, the mice received intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide. At euthanasia, the organs were dissected, and serum was sampled for cytokine analysis. Tight junction components, myosin light chain kinase, mucins, and apoptosis markers were detected in the ileum and colon using histological analyses and qRT-PCR. Lipolysis was analyzed by enzymatic activity assay, Western blotting analyses, and qRT-PCR in WAT. The fecal microbiome was measured with 16S-rRNA gene sequencing from stool samples, and fecal volatile organic compounds analysis was performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The probiotic-fed mice exhibited significantly less body weight loss and adipose tissue wasting associated with a reduced CGI58 mediated lipolysis. They showed significantly fewer pro-inflammatory cytokines and lower gut permeability compared to animals fed without the probiotic. The colons of the probiotic-fed animals showed lower inflammation scores and less goblet cell loss. qRT-PCR revealed no differences in regards to tight junction components, mucins, or apoptosis markers. No differences in microbiome alpha diversity, but differences in beta diversity, were observed between the treatment groups. Taxonomic analysis showed that the probiotic group had a lower relative abundance of Odoribacter and Ruminococcus-UCG014 and a higher abundance of Desulfovibrio. VOC analysis yielded no significant differences. The results of this study indicate that oral administration of the multispecies probiotic OMNi-BiOTiC® 10 AAD could mitigate cyclophosphamide-induced chemotherapy side effects.

Abstract Background Due to its rich content of active phytochemicals, milk thistle is regarded as a promising nutritional supplement for quails, particularly in regions with limited financial resources. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the possible beneficial impact of aqueous extract of milk thistle seeds (MTS) at two graded concentrations (10 and 20 ml/L of drinking water) on male Japanese quails during their reproductive period. Results The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 29 active compounds, including nine flavonoids and ten phenolic compounds. The supplemented groups showed significant improvements in body weight gain. MTS1 group exhibited a notable decrease in daily feed consumption, while MTS2 group showed a significant increase in daily water consumption. There was a dose-dependent increase in cecum length. The total count of intestinal bacteria decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Incorporating aqueous extract of MTS at concentration of 10 ml /L resulted in a significant increase in total protein and packed cell volume. Similar increases in globulin and decreases in the albumin/globulin ratio and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were observed with both doses of supplementation. A significant decrease in total cholesterol and AST was observed in the high-dose group. Significantly higher plasma testosterone and triiodothyronine levels were observed only in the high-dose group, while plasma thyroxine levels were similarly increased in both supplemented groups. Intervention with MTS resulted in dose-dependent increases in cloacal gland index and cloacal foam production. Both supplemented groups showed significant increases in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and the number of Sertoli cells. Conclusion Marked growth-promoting, antibacterial, and reproductive-enhancing effects were observed when incorporating aqueous extract of MTS into the quails’ drinking water, particularly at a dosage of 20 ml/L.