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This article focuses on the recruitment and organization of labor for projects of colonial state infrastructure in the city of Peshawar between 1849 and 1947. Providing access to the Khyber Pass—and thus Afghanistan—Peshawar was an urban center from which the colonial state sought to organize security on the Indo-Afghan frontier. Peshawari laborers, recruited to support the city's large colonial military cantonment, railways, jail, and other infrastructure projects, were regulated according to colonial narratives about the security threats posed by the city's geography and ethnic composition. This article contributes to our understanding of the labor of colonial security and border-making by uncovering the circular logic that connected security and labor in colonial-era Peshawar. The colonial state sought to build physical infrastructure to protect the city from the perceived threats posed by the Indo-Afghan frontier. But to build this infrastructure of security, colonial administrators relied on a porous border. Through the porous border they recruited labor from regional populations who they characterized as intrinsically prone to violence or difficult to discipline, spurring a continuous expansion of security infrastructure. Therefore, though an analysis of how laborers were recruited for state projects, the article argues that the colonial regime reified ethnic and social hierarchies within the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the meanings and applications of the rubric hydrocolonialism. Starting with a South African poem as an example, the piece sets out a definition of the term before outlining the existing literary scholarship that could fall under its umbrella. The article then turns to discuss hydrocolonial book history and what we might learn by tracing books on their oceanic journeys. One important node in these journeys was the port city, where customs and excise officials examined texts to see whether they were pirated, seditious, or obscene. These inspectors in effect functioned as censors and adjudicators of copyright. The article examines how these protocols worked in practice and concludes by discussing this dockside mode of reading as a hydrocolonial literary formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the history of the relationship between settler colonialism and environmental condition in western North America. Topics include the effect of settler colonialism on the environment, ways that environmental history affect settler colonialism, and the demographic success of settlers. Also discussed are the death of Native Americans due to epidemics and labor in settler societies.

The article examines settler colonialism in the U.S. with regard to the myths related to pioneers in Confederate monuments from 1890 to 2017. Topics include the importance of the frontier to American history, the displacement and decimation of Native Americans by Anglo-Americans, how the monuments celebrate the racial dominance of whites, and the metaphoric elimination of the Native in Mississippi.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including settler colonialism in the U.S., the history of the American West, and the impact of environmental history on settler colonialism.

The article discusses the history of Washington Territory with regard to settler colonialism and the creation of marine settler commons in Makah villages. Topics include the acquisition of land owned by Native Americans, the factors that drive settler colonialism, social stratification, and the 1824 book "Treatise on the Common Law, in Relation to Water-Courses" by Joseph Angell. Also explored are the negotiations to create the marine settler commons.

The article explores the history of Cherokees with European settler colonialism. Topics include Cherokees' efforts to welcome Europeans into their trade and diplomatic networks, the reform of Cherokees' political system, and the challenges that they faced in their territorial sovereignty. Also discussed are early settler colonialism, the expansionism of settler colonialism, and the migration of Cherokees and their settlements.

The article examines settler colonialism, gender, and family history in Western U.S. and highlights the displacement of indigenous peoples from their lands and replacing them with white European-American settlers. Topics include the colonization of Western U.S., the different types of colonialism, land policies, and gendered engineering. Also discussed are the focus on intimate relations, marriage, and reproduction to promote white settlement.

Plans for a Polish "border strip" are frequently cited to argue that the German army entered the First World War committed to pacifying conquered space through Germanization. This article contends that, in 1914, the German officer corps did not understand national homogeneity as essential for imperial security. Many influential officers insisted that Polish identity was compatible with German imperial loyalty. They supported a multinational imperial model, proposing to trade Poland its cultural and political autonomy for the acceptance of German suzerainty in foreign policy and military command. The army's preference for Germanizing space developed during the occupation of Russian Poland, as officers learned to conflate diversity with imperial fragility. Only a series of political crises after 1916 shifted military opinion against multinational imperialism. Increasingly convinced that Poland would betray the German Empire, some officers abandoned multinationalism. Others revised their plans to contain Poland and fortify Germany by annexing and Germanizing Polish space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses aspects of the Western history of Apaches on the Spanish and American colonialism. Topics mentioned include the preservation of the ancestors' religion and cultural traditions, the hardship of the Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries and the introduction of Christianity to the Apaches in the form of Roman Catholicism.

Based on the first English translation of the Old Tibetan document with the shelf mark Pelliot tibétain 1096 recto, the article analyses the internal organisation of a stage station (sluṅs) in the Central Asian colonial provinces of the Tibetan Empire. It examines officials and offices that constituted a stage station, as well as persons who were using its services. By comparing the information contained in the document with later reports of foreign travellers, the article reconstructs the organisation of a stage station. It also brings to light certain traits that were apparently common to the first historically attested relay system of the Tibetan Empire and the succeeding system introduced by the Mongols during the thirteenth century ce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the Fourth Mysore War, when the British were dismantling Tipu Sultan's establishment, the East India Company unexpectedly took charge of 601 women who resided permanently inside Srirangapatnam Palace. Along with Tipu's sons, they were moved 200 miles east, to Vellore Fort, in the Company-controlled territory of Madras Presidency. Documentation about these court women held in colonial archives describes moments when they behaved in unexpectedly difficult ways. Because historians have traditionally cast the women of Tipu Sultan's court as voiceless victims, their actions, as described in these colonial sources, have been overlooked. When examined, the descriptions show that they were using the domestic powers granted to them under Tipu Sultan's establishment to influence their treatment by the East India Company. By placing these accounts alongside the broader context of the Company's military history, it becomes apparent that the women of Tipu Sultan's female entourage fomented the events that led to the Vellore Mutiny of 1806. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the start of its history at the end of the eighteenth century, Trinidad and Tobago has been comprised of a number of competing ethnic groups. At the turn of the nineteenth century it was called Creole Society, and comprised of European, White, African, and Mixed-race free and enslaved persons. In this tableau, European culture was dominant. The introduction of Indian indentured immigrants from 1845 provided a group outside this wide agglomeration of Black and White, free and enslaved, French and British. From the start, the Indians' appearance, religion, habits, and manners were interpreted as Orientalist – mystical, impenetrable, and incompatible with Western society. Their labour was viewed as a necessary evil. As more Indians chose to stay, rather than return to India, Creole society assessed them as a political threat, and began a campaign to negate their political potential. This campaign started in the late nineteenth century, and involved discursive, political, and cultural conflict. These conflicts between Black and Indian political parties peaked as colonialism was ending in 1962 and later, in 1995, when an Indo-based political party acquired political power. This paper examines the dynamics of this conflict, and the ethnic anxiety which fuels it, and which it generates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that focussing on issues of citizenship highlights the relationality of North/South dynamics and that doing so through a 'Southern lens' reveals two complementary and otherwise neglected aspects of North/South relationality: the coloniality of the institution of citizenship, and the lasting impact that (de)colonial contestations and reinterpretations of citizenship rights have had on this institution from its emergence in the context of colonial empires until its most recent global reconfigurations. In order to show how the coloniality of citizenship has played out in a particular region of the Global South, the article focuses on the Caribbean as the region with the longest history of colonial entanglements with Europe and one that captures the very dialectics of modernity/coloniality today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this prolegomenon to my book in progress, I posit insects as an especially apposite focal point through which to investigate the constellation of European, Indigenous, and Afro-diasporic knowledges about West Indian nature. I also delineate how this focus on insects allows us to think anew long-standing literary critical problems of setting, semiotics, and figuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the parallels and connections between the histories of Taiwan and the Oceanic realm, focusing on the period between the 17th century and the present. It raises the question of whether or not Taiwan might be thought of as 'Outermost Oceania', a zone that is on the periphery of the island Pacific but still linked to it. The paper depicts the relationship between Taiwan and the Oceanic world in terms of seven 'modalities' of Pacific history – an Austronesian Pacific, a Southeast Asian Pacific, a European Pacific, a Chinese Pacific, a British Pacific, a Japanese Pacific and an American Pacific. All seven modalities of Taiwan/Pacific history converge in the 17th century and continue to co-exist in the present. Through the systematic comparison of Taiwan history with that of three locations in Remote Oceania – Western Micronesia (Palau, Guam and the Northern Marianas), Hawai'i and Aotearoa New Zealand – the paper explores these modalities of Pacific history with reference to processes of settlement, colonization, the expansion and contraction of imperial power and the conflicts to which these processes give rise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a reexamination of sport in relation to American Exceptionalism and the concept of the U.S. as a transoceanic empire as of 2015. American territories such as Puerto Rico are addressed, along with U.S. sports history and foreign relations. The views of British and American sports historians such as Ernest May, Frederick Jackson Turner, and Trevor B. McCrisken are examined, as well as U.S. history between the colonial era and the nineteenth century.

Both male and female youth were significant actors in anti‐colonial insurgencies, but their involvement has been neglected in existing historiographies due to the marginalisation of youth voices in colonial archives. This article analyses the causes of youth insurgency and colonial counterinsurgency responses in two British colonies, Kenya and Cyprus, in 1954‐59, providing a gendered and relational study of youth as cohort, as liberation generation, as life stage and as kinship position. It argues that a 'gen[d]erational' lens is necessary to properly understand how age and gender intersected to shape boys' and girls' experiences of youth insurgency, and how colonial states punished and tried to 'rehabilitate' such rebellious youths. This article argues that colonial responses to youth in insurgency were implicitly shaped by colonial understandings of gender and generation as well as by race and ethnicity, but that counterinsurgency policies failed to effectively integrate gendered and generational perspectives sufficiently into either their security, peno‐legal or welfare and developmental responses. The only successful 'rehabilitation' programmes focused on male youth, and combined colonial and local understandings of age and gender to provided pathways towards the forms of adulthood desired by youth, rather than just treating them as unthinking, impressionable or irrecoverable children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colonization efforts over time have changed Oneida relationships with corn drastically. This study examines that history through a collection of stories told by Oneida people for the Work Progress Administration (WPA) between 1938 and 1942. Furthermore, the people's changing relationship with corn over time highlights the effects of removal, allotment, and assimilation on the Oneida within the American context. Finally, while change occurred, the WPA interviews uncover continuity in Oneida Country as members struggled to maintain their relationship with corn and other traditional foodways in the wake of colonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines accusations of sorcery as a way to understand the perceptions of sorcery among the Mapuche of central-southern Chile during the colonial period. Local communities believed that illnesses and unfortunate events were caused by the actions of sorcerers, known as kalku, and therefore consulted ritual healers and diviners, the machi and dugul, to identify and punish the supposed evildoers. In accusing local members of being kalku, the ritual specialists expressed a precise perception of sorcery and developed clear strategies for counteracting the sorcerers. This article argues that the accusations of sorcery became political and social instruments in the hands of the local authorities and that they shaped the meaning of sorcery and its perception among the Mapuche. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the conquest and early years of colonization of Española from the perspective of the "structure of the conjuncture." By doing so it prioritizes the Indigenous perspective of conquest, particularly that of the cacique Guacanagarí, who formed the first alliance with the Spaniards in 1492. The article follows the development of the historic alliance, digging beneath the surface of historical chronicles to reveal Indigenous cosmology and agency throughout the skirmishes and intrigue of colonization. In so doing it shows that during the first years of Caribbean colonization, the Spaniards were not in control as all actors were engaging in a novel environment, the structure of the conjuncture. The situation did change by the early 1500s, but the imprint of the structure of the conjuncture was felt for decades to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spanish naturalists established the Viceregal Botanical Garden of New Spain in Mexico City in 1788 to advance agriculture, manufacturing, and medicine. This colonial institution also served the ideological role of cultivating agents of empire. Rather than establish the garden in the already robust tradition of American botany, the Spanish appropriated this space, employing Creole students and servant workers to Europeanize local botanical knowledge through taxonomic colonialism. The different agendas at work in the botanical garden, which straddled the colonial and revolutionary periods in Mexico, destabilized not only this institution, but also the empire itself from the ground up. That the contributions of the agents of the garden have been forgotten is evidence of the fragility and failure of a European institution in the American colonial state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As inhabitants of a US territory, Puerto Ricans experience their American citizenship under a set of constraints, shaped by processes of colonization, imperialism, and racialization. This paper is concerned with thinking through and developing a theorization of citizenship and life in Puerto Rico, by exploring the history and legislation of US citizenship for inhabitants of the island. It posits that the citizenship held by Puerto Ricans is a kind of disguised malignancy that cannot be understood solely by charting the legal history and formal status of the residents of the island. Instead, the citizenship of Puerto Ricans must be understood as a deeply racialized product of centuries of colonization and imperialism, the consequences of which are not easily shed and cannot be accounted for through liberal political theory. Rather, citizenship actually works to simultaneously cement and invisibilize the ways in which Puerto Rican lives are continuously rendered less valuable and their deaths less grievable. Regarding the citizenship of Puerto Ricans, I argue that racialization and racism are inherent to current United States-Puerto Rico relations. As such, this paper articulates 'malignant citizenship' as a term which accounts for the colonial/racial foundations and current iterations of citizenship for Puerto Ricans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reveals that, contrary to common knowledge, schooling for Indigenous and non-Indigenous children in British Columbia – Canada's westernmost province – was not strictly segregated in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Officially, government policy stipulated that Indigenous children should attend separate day and residential schools funded by the federal government and run by Christian missionaries. In practice, however, many Indigenous children attended public schools well into the twentieth century. To document Indigenous children attending public schools between 1872 and 1925, a range of archival sources are used, including public school records and correspondence, Department of Indian Affairs records and school photographs. In demonstrating that Indigenous children attended public schools in British Columbia, and in greater numbers than has previously been understood, the article also shows how government policy concerning schooling was negotiated, contested and even subverted in everyday educational life, though always in the context of settler colonialism's asymmetrical power relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay engages with two large themes in order to address the social and intellectual practices of nyāya scholars in early colonial Bengal. First, I examine networks that connected scholars with each other and, to a lesser extent, students and households. Exemplified in historical documents of the period, these networks demonstrate that nyāya scholars were part of larger scholar communities in Bengal and across India during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. I map these networks and examine their relevance for how nyāya scholars were organized in early colonial Bengal. Second, I examine circulation patterns of manuscripts of nyāya texts composed in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Bengal. I argue that a contraction in the distribution of nyāya manuscripts of works written in Bengal during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries took place, especially into southern India. The essay concludes by situating nyāya scholars within the context of colonialism and drawing larger conclusions about nyāya intellectual practices in Bengal during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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An introduction is presented to this special issue dealing with topics related to the interrelationship between food and power during the early modern period of the Atlantic Ocean region.

The following essay turns to Britain's imperial past to unravel a knotty link between celebrations of Britain's civil infrastructure and Romantic authors' accounts of poetic prowess. Although the relationship between poetics, landscape, and architecture remains a core concern within Romantic literary criticism, little work studies the widely celebrated innovations of this period's civil engineers. But when we recognize how bridges, roadways, and canals from this era were rendered sublime both by influential poets such as Robert Southey and Britain's popular presses, we discover a troubling link between British infrastructural aesthetics, poetics, and empire. Studies on Romantic literature and architectural form tend to foreground ruins, and they typically theorize the decay of structures both actual and figurative. Left virtually unconsidered in these accounts is the technology of the bridge, not to mention grand undertakings like Thomas Telford's work on the expansive Holyhead Road project, its relation to colonial ideology, or to Southey, Telford's close acquaintance and Britain's Poet Laureate. Yet to bring these massive and widely celebrated infrastructural developments into conversation with historical and literary inquiry compels us to reconsider key intersections between national politics, sublime aesthetics, and architectural and poetic art born of the British Romantic movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Chen Di's 1603 text Record of Formosa (Dongfan ji), the earliest first-hand account in any language of the indigenous people of Formosa (now called Taiwan). Recent commentators have viewed Chen's text as a key elaboration of Chinese imperial discourse and its various tropes of hierarchical difference. In contrast, I argue that Chen reads the perceived cultural differences between his society and Taiwan's indigenous peoples as evidence of the contingency, rather than inevitable superiority, of a historical story that produces the outcome of 'civilization'. Building on a broader understanding of Chen's intellectual biography and his extant works, I show that Chen Di places the indigenes along a different timeline in which they forge their own contingent history parallel to, rather than behind, that of a civilizational centre. By doing so, Chen's historical narrative resists aligning their society with Han Chinese forms of development and offers a glimpse of how late Ming syncretic thought could produce an account of legitimate otherness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how the Japanese translator-historian Murakami Naojirō created an understanding of the Japanese past that established seventeenth-century Japanese actors as equivalents to western European and overseas Chinese merchants. Creating a historical geography of the Southern Seas and the Pacific, Murakami celebrated Japan's expansionism, not only by stressing the seventeenth-century Japanese presence in South-east Asia, but also, more subtly, by identifying the existence of a progressive spirit in the Japanese individuals involved in it. His narrative strategy included implicit comparisons with the European age of expansion, whose protagonists in South-east Asia relied on the networks and services of both Japanese wakō ('pirates') and more complex actors such as the red seal merchant Yamada Nagamasa. The article is a case study for Japan's intellectual imperialism of the 1910s–1940s, which closely intertwined popular discourse and academic history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 16th century, the maritime empires of Spain and England faced a major logistical problem to supply their merchant and military fleets with materials made of hemp. This difficulty increased as both empires were incorporating the new American territories into their possessions, because of the impact that this expansion had on the increase in the number of vessels needed to keep the parts of the empire connected. Since most of Europe's hemp came from the Russian Empire, what to do when trade with the Baltic was interrupted by the war, and, in addition, in the American biota, hemp did not exist? This article uses a comparative methodology to focus on and analyse the measures implemented to achieve the objective of sufficiency of a strategic commodity such as hemp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this special issue is the relationship between the material demands of warfare and the political and administrative development of the Spanish imperial system during the long eighteenth century. Its purpose is to provide a transnational and comparative perspective on the methods employed by the Spanish monarchy to mobilise resources for war, emphasising the international, imperial and inter-regional connections that underpinned Spain's military and naval efforts. These methods implied specific types of involvement between the crown and the regional productive elites and were directly related to the capacity of the latter to mobilise resources and administer production processes. They were varied, ranging from total state administration of capital, labour and productive processes to an almost complete and relatively independent involvement of the empire's entrepreneurial elites, in Europe, America and Asia. The introduction by the guest editors positions the four contributions to this special issue within the wider context of the historiography on the mobilisation of resources for war. In recent years, scholars in this field have started to shift their attention from a primary focus on the development of 'fiscal-military' and 'fiscal-naval' arrangements that provided the financial backbone of states' warring activities, to the wider economic and social networks involved in supplying, recruiting, building and maintaining armies and navies. As the introduction argues, these networks, underpinning the emergence of European national states, were always inherently transnational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address interpretive challenges at multicultural sites by presenting a digital reconstruction of a fort built in 1816 on Kaua'i Island known as "Pā'ula'ula" or "Hīpō" in Hawaiian texts and as "Fort Elizabeth" in Russian texts. Based on archival documents, maps, photographs, and archaeological research, we create diachronic 3D models to illustrate the cultural complexities behind the site's formation. The results of the study provide more public visibility to this poorly understood National Historic Landmark. The 3D models are intended to foster community-based engagement with academic research by providing representations of the fort and surrounding cultural landscape as it changed over time; they would also assist people in better estimating what would be necessary to design and complete a full-scale restoration of the fort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In reaction to the imperial fragmentation and particularly to Algerian demands, various solutions were considered in 1950s metropolitan France. The project published in 1957 by the Comité d'action pour une République fédérale française stood out: it proposed a new constitution that would extend the Republic to a federal entity comprising the metropole, the colonies, as well as territories and departments of the "outre-mer." Supported by a notable federalist organization, this "Republic extending to multiple continents" sought to maintain imperial dynamics despite progressive claims. Through the analysis of this project that never occurred, I state that the imperial crisis led some French to conceptualize the Republic outside of its traditional nation-state boundaries. The imagined French federal republic included many territories and people, a vision that can only be understood through an extended conceptual frame detached from the national paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En 1945 dans les Quatre Communes du Sénégal français, des manifestations en faveur du suffrage des femmes ont démontré l'importance du genre dans les débats sur les limites de la citoyenneté coloniale française. Cet article contextualise les manifestations nées des conflits d'après-guerre dans le discours de la réforme coloniale, la création de l'Union française et l'institution du suffrage féminin. Ainsi, il contribue aux études récentes sur l'histoire du genre et de l'impérialisme, de la citoyenneté coloniale et de l'universalisme. Au Sénégal en 1945, les hommes et les femmes ont combiné des modes locaux d'activisme et de pouvoir avec un vocabulaire républicain français pour affirmer le droit de vote des femmes. Cela souligne les nombreuses façons dont les personnes extérieures à l'administration coloniale ont structuré la politique coloniale. Les débats sur l'autonomie et les droits politiques n'étaient pas exclusivement nationalistes, mais pouvaient aussi soutenir un système politique transformé dans lequel les habitants de l'empire jouaient un rôle actif et égal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the history of taxidermy in Europe between 1775 and 1865, focusing particularly on how it related to European colonies and notions of imperialism. Some of the topics include cabinets of curiosities and the collection of specimens of natural history, public access to museums and collections, and popular interest in scientific expeditions. An analysis of the history of shifting views towards taxidermy is presented.

The article presents literary criticism of the book, "The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region 1650-1815" by historian Richard White explaining the Indian-white relations and stories of conquest and assimilation and stories of cultural persistence. It mentions the colonization of the French- imperialism.