Search

According to the World Health Organization, sustained virological suppression of 90 % should be achieved among children and adolescents living with HIV / AIDS, which makes it important to assess the prevalence of virological failure of antiretroviral therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of virological failure and the clinical factors associated with it, as well as therapeutic drug monitoring in groups divided by the viral load level among children and adolescents with HIV. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 184 children and adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy and registered at the Irkutsk Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Irkutsk, was carried out. The study included 172 children aged 1-18 years with perinatal HIV infection. Patients were divided into groups depending on the level of viral load: group 1 – 21 patients with viral load > 1000 copies/ml of plasma, group 2 – 42 patients with viral load 50– 1000 copies/ml of plasma, group 3 – 109 patients with undetectable viral load (< 50 copies/ml). All patients underwent standard tests in accordance with clinical guidelines for the treatment of HIV infection in children, as well as therapeutic drug monitoring. Results. Against the background of ongoing antiretroviral therapy, a significant number of patients 21 / 172 (12,2 %) experienced virological failure. The proportion of children and adolescents with incomplete suppression of HIV replication is 42 / 172 (24,4 %). Statistically significant differences were obtained by changing the ART regimen (p = 0,031). In the first group, the proportion of patients who changed the therapy regimen is 7 / 21 (33,3 %), which is two times less than in the group with a zero viral load of 70 / 109 (64,2 %). There are differences in the proportion of children and adolescents with zero concentrations of ritonavir and lopinavir (p = 0,020 and p = 0,012) in the three compared groups. The distribution of patients with zero concentrations was as follows: for ritonavir in the first group 3 / 17 (17,6 %), in the second – 8/37 (21,6 %), in the third group – 4/80 (5 %); for lopinavir – 4/17 (23,5 %), 6/36 (16,7 %), 3/80 (3,8 %), respectively. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that the prevalence of virological failure among children and adolescents receiving ART remains high. To achieve sustained virological suppression in children and adolescents taking a protease inhibitor regimen, adherence to therapy must be increased. As one of the methods for assessing adherence, therapeutic drug monitoring can be used.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that weakens the immune system and ultimately causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Based on the integrated biological and behavioral survey (IBBS) in 2015, adolescents' knowledge regarding the correct understanding of HIV prevention was still low. Knowledge is important as a first step towards HIV / AIDS prevention among adolescents. One of the steps to overcome this problem is by disseminating knowledge and information through lecture. Methods: The research was conducted at SMK 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya. Data collection is carried out in February 2020 – January 2021. This type of research was quasi experimental. The sampling method used was consecutive sampling. The sample size was 32 respondents. Providing material is done online using zoom cloud meetings. The pretest and posttest data collection was done by students online using google form. The analysis in this study used univariate and bivariate analysis. The data collected and processed were then analyzed using the Chi-square test. Analyses: The results of the analysis test in the control group obtained a p-value of 0.941 while in the intervention group a p-value of 0.699 was obtained. Conclusion: There is no difference in knowledge of adolescents about HIV / AIDS in the control and intervention groups. Keywords: knowledge, adolescents, HIV / AIDS

A male in his 30s with a medical history of newly diagnosed HIV with a CD4 count of 292 cells/mm 3 presented with a bilateral frontal headache and left upper and lower extremity weakness and paraesthesias. A few months prior, the patient experienced a desquamating rash on his scalp and a pruritic, papular genital rash, which both self-resolved. CT head without contrast revealed extensive vasogenic oedema involving the right basal ganglia, thalamus, temporal and occipital lobes. MRI of the brain with and without contrast revealed two enhancing masses in the right lentiform nucleus and right temporal-occipital junction with associated vasogenic oedema. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies confirmed cerebral toxoplasmosis with positive CSF Toxoplasma gondii PCR and neurosyphilis with positive serum rapid plasma reagin and CSF venereal disease research laboratory test. He was treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and intravenous penicillin G with the resolution of his symptoms., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus attacking the body's defense system in people living with HIV (PLHIV), such as Cluster Of Differentiation 4 (CD4), Leukocytes, and Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC). People infected with HIV require adequate macro and micronutrients to improve their quality of life. The content of protein, albumin, zinc, and bioactive substances contained in food ingredients can increase the immune response. Snakehead fish nuggets are rich in Albumin and Zn, while colored fruit juice contains bioactive substances and is high in Vitamin C. This study aimed to determine the impact of snakehead fish nuggets and colored fruit juices on CD4, leukocytes, and TLC in PLHIV in Medan. This research was a Quasi Experiment with a pre and post-test design. The sample represented an entire population of 36 people from all residents of the Rehabilitation Center and was then given the treatment of snakehead fish nuggets and colored fruit juices for 22 days. The data analysis was performed using the T-dependent test after the data were normally distributed. The results showed a treatment impact on CD4, leukocytes, and TLC in PLHIV with a p-value

Objective: To investigate 1he dating violence and suicidal ideationinmen who have sex wi1h men (MSM) and analyze the relationship between them. Methods: An anonymous survey was conducted on 453 MSM in a provincial capital city. The information on six types of dating violence (control, emotion abuse, security threatening, physical abuse, sexual abuse, threatening to disclose one' s identity) and suicidal ideation was collected. Results: The rate of suicide ideation in the last week or during the most serious depression was 62. 0% (2811453) among all the respondents and in the past 6 months, 75. 5% (342/ 453) experienced at least one type of violence. Multivariate analysis showed that after controlling for other factors, dating violence (OR = 5. 84, 95% CI: 3. 59 - 9. 50) was a risk factor for suicidal ideation in HIV-positive MSM who was addicted to recreational drug abuse. Conclusion: It suggests that dating violence should be included insuicide intervention system of HIV positive MSM who abuse recreational drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV / AIDS cases among MSM (male sex men) in Indonesia from year to year have increased significantly. Meanwhile, Bali is a province with many HIV / AIDS cases, where Denpasar is the city with the highest number of MSM. There has never been a report on sexual behavior and HIV / AIDS prevention among MSM in Denpasar. Therefore, the researchers wanted to explore the problems of sexual behavior and its prevention in MSM in Denpasar. Purpose: This study aims to obtain a vision of sexual behavior and HIV / AIDS prevention among MSM groups in Denpasar City. This study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach to digging deeper into sexual behavior and HIV / AIDS prevention among MSM in Denpasar City. The selection of informants in this study was taken using convenience sampling technique and conducted in-depth interviews with 10 MSM who were productive and communicative in Denpasar. After collecting data in the field, the data will be analyzed thematically. In sexual intercourse behavior, most of the MSM prioritized variations and sensations during sexual intercourse to get sexual satisfaction, such as having group sex, using arousal-enhancing drugs, and violence engaging during sexual intercourse. Some of the informants only had one permanent sexual partner. However, there are still MSM who have more than one sexual partner and receive payment for sexual intercourse. Informants use condoms in sexual intercourse and with the PrEP method to avoid HIV / AIDS. It is necessary to conduct education and counseling on sexual orientation for the community, especially for adolescents looking for identity, educating MSM to reduce high-risk behavior during sexual intercourse.

Copyright of Pegada is the property of Pegada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jaiberth Antonio Cardona-Arias,1 Juan Carlos Cataño Correa,2 Luis Felipe Higuita-Gutiérrez1,3 1School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia; 2Internal Medicine Infectious Diseases Section, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia; 3Faculty of Medicine, Cooperative University of Colombia, Medellín, Antioquia, ColombiaCorrespondence: Jaiberth Antonio Cardona-AriasSchool of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52– 51, Bloque No. 5, Oficina 103, Medellín, ColombiaTel/ Fax +57 2195486Email jaiberth.cardona@udea.edu.coBackground: Research conducted on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and its associated factors among key groups in Colombia is scarce. The few available studies show heterogeneity in their results and increasing trends of infection. This study analyses the prevalence of HIV and associated factors in key groups served at a health care institution in Colombia in 2019.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study with the sample comprised of 5771 subjects from the general population, the LGBTI community, sex workers, people who inject drugs and prisoners. The diagnosis was based on a fourth-generation ELISA. Variables related to sociodemographics, healthcare, sexual risk factors and biological measures of infected subjects were analysed. Prevalence and odds ratios were calculated with 95% confidence intervals, and logistic regression models were performed to identify confounding variables and interactions between independent variables using SPSS 25.0.Results: The prevalence of HIV was 0.27% among the general population, 0.53% among sex workers, 0.66% among the homeless, 2.44% among transgender persons, 2.44% among prisoners, 5.36% among men who have sex with men and 7.92% among injection drug users. The explanatory model showed higher prevalence among men, those with higher education levels, those with no health coverage, those who have sex with people from key groups and those with sexually transmitted infections, with some interactions between the latter variables.Conclusion: A high prevalence of infection was found in the key groups, while the main explanatory factors for high infection rates were identified. The data show that national and global goals related to controlling HIV have not been achieved mainly in groups that are at a higher risk of obtaining and transmitting it and, paradoxically, also that are excluded from the national health coverage.Keywords: HIV/AIDS, prevalence, risk factors, Colombia, vulnerable groups

In the last two decades, with the discovery and development of HIV / AIDS control drugs, it has become possible to transform it from a deadly and uncontrollable illness to a chronic controlled illness . The emergence of such a situation, along with the social stigma and the complex dimensions of the illness, makes the issue of patients' strategies for life management of particular importance.Examined the illness in a sample of 31 people. The research population was people living with HIV‌/‌AIDS in Tehran who were selected through behavioral illness counseling centers and purposeful sampling in the 2019-2020 years. The study method was qualitative and with semi-structured interview tools, the collected information was analyzed by three-step coding in a thematic (thematic) manner. Based on the research findings, patients use five strategies to manage life after illness: disclosure management, relationship management, participation in the illness , self-empowerment and recourse to religion. These strategies are abstracted from 11 subcategories and 30 concepts. Based on the findings, AIDS prevention, providing a platform for patients to participate and provide the necessary support can help them in the optimal management of life after the illness and at the same time help them in voluntary activities related to the illness.

A male in his 30s who was recently diagnosed with HIV arrived at the emergency department exhibiting an altered mental state and acute respiratory distress. Initial laboratory tests revealed a high anion gap metabolic acidosis, elevated liver enzyme levels and bicytopenia. A CT scan identified a miliary pattern. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage displayed epithelial and inflammatory cells. However, subsequent tests ruled out the presence of fungi, Pneumocystis organisms, malignancies, granulomas and viral inclusions. Broad-spectrum antibiotics with emphasis on Mycobacterium tuberculosis and antifungal treatments were administered. The regimen was adjusted after a positive urine test for the Histoplasma antigen.The patient later manifested signs and symptoms, including increased ferritin level, fever, splenomegaly, diminished natural killer cell function and heightened interleukin-2 receptor levels, confirming haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Given the patient's gravely decompensated state, the treatment incorporated dexamethasone, and the patient's vasopressor-resistant septic shock was addressed with methylene blue., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

This is a case of a woman in her 50s with HIV and uncontrolled diabetes who presented to the emergency department with urinary retention and a painful gluteal cleft lesion, admitted for cellulitis. Since initial CT and soft tissue ultrasound (US) were negative for fluid collection, the care team was surprised to find her symptoms continued to progress despite intravenous antibiotics. Finally, MRI 9 days into her admission demonstrated a 12-cm perirectal horseshoe abscess. The patient was ultimately treated with incision and drainage with Penrose drain placement. This case demonstrates the importance of maintaining a high suspicion for horseshoe abscess, a complex form of ischiorectal fossa abscess which can be missed on CT and US imaging, and which may expand rapidly in immunosuppressed patients., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

We present the case of a patient with HIV and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection who initially developed paradoxical TB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) post-antituberculous treatment and post-antiretroviral therapy initiation. Despite being managed effectively, lymphadenitis recurred as many as three times over the course of several years. Due to consistent culture-negative lymph node biopsies, the recurring lymphadenitis was eventually deemed inflammatory rather than microbiological recurrences. Cessation of anti-TB treatment led to symptom remission followed by a long asymptomatic period, corroborating the immunological nature of the episodes. However, 5 and 6 years after cessation of anti-TB treatment, respectively, lymphadenitis returned. In both instances, her symptoms regressed without treatment with anti-TB drugs. This case underscores the complexities of managing TB-IRIS and the necessity of differentiating between paradoxical TB-IRIS and other paradoxical reactions for appropriate treatment decisions. Recognition of such distinctions is crucial in guiding effective therapeutic interventions in TB-HIV coinfection scenarios., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome characterised by persistent fevers, cytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly and systemic inflammation. Secondary HLH can be triggered by various aetiologies including infections, malignancies and autoimmune conditions. We highlight the complexity of HLH diagnosis and management by describing a case of an adolescent Salvadoran immigrant with HLH, newly diagnosed HIV, Streptococcal bacteraemia and disseminated histoplasmosis. The patient presented with neurological and ocular findings along with persistent fevers and cytopenia. He was diagnosed with HLH and treated with anakinra in addition to receiving treatment for HIV, Streptococcal bacteraemia and histoplasmosis. The patient's HLH resolved without corticosteroids or chemotherapy, which are considered the mainstays for HLH treatment. This case underscores the need for the evaluation and management of multiple infections and individualised management in patients presenting with HLH to achieve favourable outcomes., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Copyright of Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition is the property of Brawijaya University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Life In The Modernization Era Colored The Socio-Cultural Life System Of A Cultured Society, Especially Teenagers, So They Experienced An Identity Crisis, Fading Of Character, Neglected Life Goals As If Sailing Aimlessly. The Portrait Of The Life Of Modernized Adolescents Shows Rampant Promiscuity, Alcohol Consumption, Drug Cases, Young Marriage, Sexual Violence That Occurs At An Early Age So That It Can Cause A Disease That Threatens The Life Of The Nation's Future Generations By Burying Future Dreams, Namely Hiv/Aids. Objective: To Determine The Cultural Approach Of Local Wisdom And Knowledge In Preventing Risky Behaviors That Lead To Hiv / Aids Potential In Adolescents. Methods: This Study Uses Sequential Mixed Methods Where The First Stage Is A Qualitative Method Which Functions To Find A Hypothesis On The Problem To Be Studied, And The Second Stage, A Quantitative Process, Serves To Test Ideas In Research Related To Knowledge, Attitudes, And Actions. Results: This Study Shows That The Cultivation Of Character Education Can Be Started From The Optimization Of Character Based On Local Wisdom And Knowledge Through A Local Content Learning System Integrated Into The Learning Curriculum And Impacts Knowledge, Attitudes, And Actions. Therefore, Educators And Curriculum Developers Need To Pay Attention To The Livelihood Of Education Based On Local Wisdom. If This Is Taken Seriously, Strengthening The National Character Of The Younger Generation (Adolescents) Becomes Necessary By Interpreting Cultural Values That Can Become The Primary Weapon In Shaping Adolescents' Surface As Filtration For The Modernization Era And Remain Cultured, Characterized Children--Knowledgeable And Virtuous Capable Of Creating A Positive Change In A Community And Society. Conclusion: Culture Has A Critical Position, Especially In The Next Generation, Especially Adolescents, In Interpreting The Cultural Values Itself. What Is Stated In Local Wisdom As A Value System Becomes A Preventive Factor In The Modernization Era To Overcome Adolescent Problems That Lead To Risky Behavior, Including Teenage Pregnancy, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Alcohol, Smoking, Drugs, Sexual Harassment So That It Can Cause Hiv / Aids Shirts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV/AIDS is among the ten diseases that cause the most deaths in the world. WHO aims to eradicate AIDS by reducing the number of new HIV infections and the number of AIDS-related deaths by 90% by 2030. Although targets are set for the eradication of HIV/ AIDS, it does not seem possible to realize these targets in the near future. There is a risk of HIV/ AIDS becoming an epidemic in the society and reaching the level of disaster. This disaster situation threatens the young population and brings the risk of causing possible secondary social disasters. This research is a descriptive and retrospective cohort research. The data of the study were obtained from the "statistical annuals" published by the Ministry of Health between 1985 and 2020. The data were analyzed by computer. This research by analyzing HIV/AIDS notifications in Turkey from a disaster management perspective, is planned in order to contribute to the minimization of the damage to the society caused by the epidemics that may be seen in Turkey, and to contribute and guide the relevant institutions to take the necessary precautions. The first case in Turkey was reported in 1985. The course of HIV/AIDS disease was tried to be determined by examining the statistical annuals regularly published by the Ministry of Health. The number of cases in Turkey followed a horizontal course between 1985 and 2000. After the 2000s, a rapid increase was observed and in 2014, this increase continued exponentially. The number of HIV/AIDS cases reported to the Ministry of Health from 1985 to 2019 in Turkey is 24,881. 1,884 of these cases are AIDS and 22,977 of them are HIV(+).The period with the highest ten-year average is between 20102019. This increase between 2010 and 2019 indicates that the HIV/AIDS trend is upwards. As a result, it is proposed to develop an HIV/AIDS management system to analyze the risk and take the necessary measures by including all stakeholders from a cultural, economic and sociological point of view in the fight against HIV/AIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to WHO and UNAIDS report, there has been dramatic increase of HIV/AIDS cases in Indonesia. The objective of the study was to determine the distribution of opportunistic infections in people with HIV / AIDS and the use of antiretroviral drugs in the BRSU Tabanan from April to June 2019. Data revealed that the number of cases was as many as 126 patient which 55.6% were men and 44.4% were women. The highest age group was 30-39 years (39.4%), and 60.3% of patients still actively working , while the level of education mostly (58.7%) was moderate. Most of the patient (68.2%) were married and 79.3% of patients had CD4 levels

This work continues an article on risky sexual behavior and the spread of HIV infection. In this part, based on the results of surveys of the working-age population, the youth and the target group of psychoactive substance users, the relationship between increase in drug use and sexual behavior is examined. It is shown that use of certain drugs is connected to increase in sexual activity. Injecting drug users play a special role in the spread of HIV infection. The survey of the target group of drug users allowed us to describe a modern portrait of an injecting drug user, as well as the peculiarities of drug use and common high-risk sexual practices in this group. The impact on the rate of infection from the Russian penitentiary system is considered. It was revealed that with an annual decrease in the number of prisoners, the proportion of HIV-infected people is constantly growing, while HIV infection is by far the most frequent cause of death for convicts in Russia. The factors that influence HIV incidence rate among the convicts are examined.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an infection caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which causes a disease that attacks immune cells. The purpose of this study was to determine how to manage the side effects of ARV drugs in HIV / AIDS patients at Ernaldi Bahar Hospital, South Sumatera Province for the period 2005-2020. This study used a descriptive non-experimental design with retrospective data collection from medical record files. The sampling technique in this study using total sampling. The instrument used in this study was a medical record card for HIV / AIDS patients with a diagnosis of HIV / AIDS at Ernaldi Bahar Hospital, South Sumatra Province for the period 2005-2020. The results showed that the most sex characteristics experiencing HIV / AIDS were male, namely as many as 50 patients, the most age characteristics were 20-29 years as many as 38 people, the most risk factor characteristics were heterosexual patients as many as 33 people, educational characteristics Senior high schools (SMA) had the most number of 38 patients out of a total of 71 patients, the most common side effect of skin rashes was drug eruptions (87.5% of 32 patients experienced skin rash side effects). The drug that was suspected to cause the most side effects of skin rashes was nevirapine (96.87%). Management of skin rashes with drug substitution occurred mostly in the duviral-neviral to duviral-efavirenz regimen (71.87%). The most common use of drugs to reduce skin rash symptoms was a combination of oral antihistamines and oral corticosteroids at 68.75%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Candida sp. is the most common opportunistic pathogen found during the development of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) & Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) disease. The clinical severity of oral candidiasis and the prevalence profile of Candida species reflect immunological changes in HIV / AIDS patients. Objective: Evaluating the relationship between CD4 T lymphocyte cells counts and the number of Candida species. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Indonesia. For identification of Candida species, culture was carried out on Chromagar media followed by culture with vitek 2. Results: There were 114 study subjects who were divided into three groups based on the number of CD4 T lymphocyte cells, with 158 isolates of Candida species growing in culture. The highest number of Candida species was Candida albicans with a total of 107 isolates (67.7%). Candida non-albicans were 51 isolates (32.3%). Statistical test results showed a significant correlation between the number of CD4 T lymphocyte cells and the number of Candida species (p <0.001). Conclusion: The decrease in CD4 lymphocyte cell counts is influenced by various types of Candida sp. in oral candidiasis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A man in his 20s with a medical history of syphilis, chlamydia and HIV presented to the emergency department (ED) with 2 months of right hip pain and was found to have advanced avascular necrosis (AVN) of the right femoral head with secondary haemorrhage. The patient lacked the common risk factors of AVN in patients with HIV (PWH): ≥10 years of HIV diagnosis, extended duration on highly active antiretroviral therapy, trauma, corticosteroid use, alcohol abuse, systemic lupus erythematosus, obesity, smoking and dyslipidaemia. Given the extensive destructive changes in the hip joint and muscles, a right hip resection arthroplasty was performed, and the patient recovered well postoperatively. This case presents a learning opportunity for understanding bone pathologies in PWH and offers clinical guidance for the management of HIV-infected patients with a focus on optimising bone health., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

A woman in her 40s presented with a history of fatigue, symptoms of light-headedness on getting up from a sitting position and hyperpigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes. During the evaluation, she was diagnosed with primary adrenal insufficiency. Radiological imaging and microbiological evidence revealed features of disseminated tuberculosis involving the lungs and the adrenals. She was found to have an HIV infection. This patient was prescribed glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement therapy and was administered antituberculous and antiretroviral treatment., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

HIV-associated myopathies include HIV-associated polymyositis, inclusion body myositis, diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome and sporadic late-onset nemaline myopathy (HIV-NM). HIV-NM typically manifests as a painless, progressive proximal and axial muscle weakness with characteristic histological findings of intracytoplasmic rods, or nemaline bodies, seen in atrophic muscle fibres. HIV-NM presents prior to or shortly after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and is treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, glucocorticoids or immunosuppression. We present a case of HIV-NM in a patient with well-controlled HIV on decades-long ART with progressive bent spine syndrome, or camptocormia. This case highlights the importance of considering HIV-associated myopathies such as HIV-NM in patients with HIV who present with musculoskeletal complaints., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are pandemics in all countries in the world, including Indonesia. Basic Health Research data in 2018, the cumulative number of HIV infections was 301,959 people (47% of the estimated number of people living with HIV AIDS. Six hundred forty thousand four hundred forty-three people and mostly found in the age group 25-49 years and 20-24 years. Currently, teenager behave at risk of HIV is increasing. Various factors cause this behavior. A qualitative study with a case study approach was conducted in July-August 2020 in the City of Bukittinggi. The total sample was ten respondents, taken using a snowball sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews. The results of the analysis explored the factors of HIV risk behavior from three perspectives, namely peers, parents, and Minangkabau culture. Lack of parental control over their children a, as well as cultural norms that have begun to be shifted by the times. Youth already know acceptable cultural norms but do not apply them in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate and assess the knowledge of undergraduate students towards treating HIV/AIDS patients in a dental college and the secondary objective was to evaluate the willingness of the students to provide dental treatment to the patients suffering from HIV/AIDS. A cross sectional prospective study was conducted on 300 undergraduate students based on a study questionnaire which consisted of 3 parts to assess their knowledge and willingness to treat HIV/AIDS patients. Part 1 consisted of questions on general knowledge and awareness about HIV and AIDS. Part 2 had questions about the oral manifestations seen/present in AIDS and the third part assessed the student's attitude and awareness to treat patients with AIDS. The responses were recorded, and the collected data was subjected to statistical analysis. No statistically significant difference in knowledge was found between the students belonging to the different academic years. In our study the students didn't show any inhibition to treat HIV/AIDS patients. According to the results of our study incorporation of HIV/AIDS related teaching material in to the undergraduate curriculum is very important as the clinical exposure begins from the third year onwards considering that the undergraduate students will be responsible for clinical decision making of such medically compromised patients it is imperative that they do so on the basis of sound technical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the clinical evolution is dissimilar, so it is important to achieve a quick and correct diagnosis, it is necessary to implement new diagnostic tools. In the present study, a comparison was made between the molecular technique GeneXpert MTB / RIF, an important diagnostic tool that also allows the detection of sensitivity and / or resistance to Rifampicin, and the established conventional diagnostic techniques; smear microscopy (BK) and culture in Löwenstein-Jensen (L-J), to demonstrate its diagnostic applicability from clinical samples. 287 samples from symptomatic patients were analyzed, 146 (50.9%) were HIV / AIDS patients. The highest percentage of Mtb detection was obtained by the GeneXpert MTB / RIF molecular technique, however, if we observe the difference between the percentage obtained by Xpert MTB / RIF and the bacteriological culture, it was not statistically significant, obtaining a value of p = 0.2324. It is important to note that Xpert MTB / RIF allowed us to detect resistance to Rifampicin in 3 patients. The BK was the technique that obtained the lowest percentage of positivity. This study reaffirmed the applicability of this molecular tool for the diagnosis of TB in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples; the shortening of the diagnostic time allows the clinician to start specific treatment, avoiding the spread of the infection in the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary explores the relationship between health disparities, social distancing, and belonging in the United States pre- and post-Covid 19. The author concludes that post-Covid-19 requires a radical re-visioning of society to address structural inequality that has heightened die vulnerability of some populations to Covid-19, which has, in turn, exacerbated the pre-existing vulnerabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work consists of a systematic review of the literature, to assess the hypothesis that there would be a negative (inversely proportional) association between the perceived severity of HIV and exposure to HIV. Observational studies published between 1998 and 2018 were selected. 151 potentially relevant references were identified, 50 articles were chosen for full reading and, of these, 26 articles were selected for the synthesis of this research. In 17 studies, the evaluated hypothesis was not confirmed, against 9 studies in which an association was found between the variables. In the discussion of the findings, the operationalization of the analyzed constructs is problematized, the limits and the scope of the research designs adopted, as well as the ethical implications of health actions based on constructs, perceived severity, and risk behaviors. In conclusion, recommendations for HIV prevention strategies are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Katharsis is the property of Institucion Universitaria de Envigado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Voriconazole-induced periostitis is a rare adverse effect in patients on long-term therapy, characterised by periosteal inflammation and associated bony pain. The accompanying lab abnormalities (elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and fluoride) and characteristic imaging findings (uptake of radionuclide tracer on nuclear bone scan) are critical for diagnosis. The disease process is thought to be secondary to excess fluoride from voriconazole which stimulates bone formation and decreases osteoclast bone resorption. Management includes stopping voriconazole and switching to another agent., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background: AIDS is a collection of symptoms caused by a variety of microorganisms and other ferocity due to the decreased resistance/immunity of the patient. Global AIDS epidemic shows that there are 34 million people with HIV worldwide. In Southeast Asia, there are approximately 4 million people with HIV. HIV infection in humans has a long incubation period (5-10 years), and then the patient can be called as people living with HIV HIV causes immune deficiency so that the patients are vulnerable to opportunistic infection attack. Antiretroviral (ARV) could be given the patients to stop a virus and restoring the immune system, reduce the occurrence of opportunistic infections, improve the quality of life and decrease disability. Objectives: This study aims to explore the Multidimensional Quality of Life of HIV/AIDS patients in Maccini Clinic Makassar. Methods:Phenomenological study conducted to explore the experiences of informants related to the quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients who have antiretroviral therapy. Ten informants selected based on inclusion criteria using purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews and analysis with the aid of N Vivo software version 10. Results: The results of this study shows that after having antiretroviral therapy, HIV/AIDS patients have increased in physical, psychological, social, functional, environmental, spiritual, and sexual dimensions. Conclusions: The dimension that gives most inreasing of the quality of life in HIV patients was physical dimension. y is [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE is the property of Revista de Enfermagem UFPE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The recurrence of AIDS and the emergence of new HIV cases in the Brazilian young population is a subject of great relevance for Health Geography today. This problem allowed us to bring the discussion to our spatial clipping, which expresses the upsurge of new cases of HIV / AIDS in the young population in Presidente Prudente - SP. From the geographic contexts of young people, the main objective was to understand the ways in which young people experience the processes of illness from the analysis of discourses, and to point out the impacts and re-significances that occur in their daily practices. This work was carried out in the years 2015, 2016 and 2017, through fieldwork and analyzes based on qualitative methodologies, which enabled the interaction with young people and their geographical contexts. In this way, it was possible to identify the impacts caused by the diagnosis of HIV / AIDS in their lives, the difficulties and spatialization resulting from this process of transformation, to the point that factors related to the health of these young people also emerged, ranging from problems related to adherence to treatment, maintenance and quality of life until suicide, which expresses a high degree of complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Population Studies is the property of Union for African Population Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.

Lung transplantation is the treatment of choice for many end-stage chronic lung conditions. Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is considered a relative contraindication for lung transplantation. In the era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), there has been an increase in the number of HIV-positive patients living with chronic lung conditions. In this paper, we aim to summarise the available literature in the field of lung transplantation in HIV-positive patients. We also present our experience of an HIV-positive woman who underwent lung transplantation for chronic interstitial lung disease from an HIV-negative donor.Careful candidate selection, along with management focused on closer monitoring, may result in favourable outcomes, including improved longevity among HIV-positive patients with chronic lung disease., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Lactic acidosis is a rare but serious side effect in individuals receiving nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. An underweight woman with HIV was admitted to our hospital because of nausea and diffuse myalgia. Her antiretroviral regimen had been changed to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine and darunavir/cobicistat 3 months prior, after which her renal function had gradually declined. After admission, she was diagnosed with lactic acidosis, and a liver biopsy suggested mitochondrial damage. Her plasma tenofovir levels were elevated at the onset of lactic acidosis. We hypothesise that the patient's low body weight, combined with the addition of cobicistat, induced renal dysfunction and led to elevated plasma tenofovir concentrations, resulting in mitochondrial damage and lactic acidosis. Careful monitoring of renal function and lactic acidosis is required during use of TDF-containing regimens for underweight HIV patients, particularly when combined with cobicistat., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

A man, in his early 30s, with no significant medical history presented with a 2-week history of fatigue, chest and abdominal pain, associated with anorexia and vomiting. Initial laboratory testing was suggestive of rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure and transaminitis. The aetiology of his rhabdomyolysis initially remained unexplained as there were no clear risk factors or inciting events. An extensive workup revealed acute HIV as the precipitant of rhabdomyolysis., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)