14 results on '"HIV-1 acquisition"'
Search Results
2. An Empiric HIV Risk Scoring Tool to Predict HIV-1 Acquisition in African Women
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Balkus, Jennifer E, Brown, Elizabeth, Palanee, Thesla, Nair, Gonasagrie, Gafoor, Zakir, Zhang, Jingyang, Richardson, Barbra A, Chirenje, Zvavahera M, Marrazzo, Jeanne M, and Baeten, Jared M
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Public Health ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Behavioral and Social Science ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Africa ,Empirical Research ,Female ,HIV Infections ,HIV-1 ,Humans ,Incidence ,Male ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Risk Assessment ,Risk Factors ,Sexual Partners ,HIV-1 acquisition ,African women ,clinical prediction rules ,AIDS ,risk score ,Public Health and Health Services ,Virology ,Clinical sciences ,Epidemiology ,Public health - Abstract
ObjectiveTo develop and validate an HIV risk assessment tool to predict HIV acquisition among African women.DesignData were analyzed from 3 randomized trials of biomedical HIV prevention interventions among African women (VOICE, HPTN 035, and FEM-PrEP).MethodsWe implemented standard methods for the development of clinical prediction rules to generate a risk-scoring tool to predict HIV acquisition over the course of 1 year. Performance of the score was assessed through internal and external validations.ResultsThe final risk score resulting from multivariable modeling included age, married/living with a partner, partner provides financial or material support, partner has other partners, alcohol use, detection of a curable sexually transmitted infection, and herpes simplex virus 2 serostatus. Point values for each factor ranged from 0 to 2, with a maximum possible total score of 11. Scores ≥5 were associated with HIV incidence >5 per 100 person-years and identified 91% of incident HIV infections from among only 64% of women. The area under the curve (AUC) for predictive ability of the score was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68 to 0.74), indicating good predictive ability. Risk score performance was generally similar with internal cross-validation (AUC = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.73) and external validation in HPTN 035 (AUC = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.75) and FEM-PrEP (AUC = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.51 to 0.65).ConclusionsA discrete set of characteristics that can be easily assessed in clinical and research settings was predictive of HIV acquisition over 1 year. The use of a validated risk score could improve efficiency of recruitment into HIV prevention research and inform scale-up of HIV prevention strategies in women at highest risk.
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- 2016
3. Plasma Cytokine Levels and Risk of HIV Type 1 (HIV-1) Transmission and Acquisition: A Nested Case-Control Study Among HIV-1–Serodiscordant Couples
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Kahle, Erin M, Team, for the Partners in Prevention HSV HIV Transmission Study, Bolton, Michael, Hughes, James P, Donnell, Deborah, Celum, Connie, Lingappa, Jairam R, Ronald, Allan, Cohen, Craig R, de Bruyn, Guy, Fong, Youyi, Katabira, Elly, McElrath, M Juliana, Baeten, Jared M, Wald, Anna, Lingappa, Jairam, Magaret, Amalia, Corey, Lawrence, Coetzee, David, Fife, Kenneth, Were, Edwin, Essex, Max, Makhema, Joseph, Bukusi, Elizabeth, Cohen, Craig, Allen, Susan, Kanweka, William, Kapiga, Saidi, Manongi, Rachel, Farquhar, Carey, John-Stewart, Grace, Kiarie, James, Inambao, Mubiana, Farm, Orange, Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead, Rees, Helen, Gray, Glenda, McIntyre, James, and Mugo, Nelly Rwamba
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Immunology ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Africa South of the Sahara ,Case-Control Studies ,Cytokines ,Female ,HIV Infections ,HIV-1 ,Humans ,Male ,Risk Factors ,Sexual Partners ,Young Adult ,HIV-1 acquisition ,immune activation ,Africa ,Partners in Prevention HSV/HIV Transmission Study Team ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Microbiology ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
BackgroundA heightened proinflammatory state has been hypothesized to enhance human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission - both susceptibility of HIV-1-exposed persons and infectiousness of HIV-1-infected persons.MethodsUsing prospective data from heterosexual African couples with HIV-1 serodiscordance, we conducted a nested case-control analysis to assess the relationship between cytokine concentrations and the risk of HIV-1 acquisition. Case couples (n = 120) were initially serodiscordant couples in which HIV-1 was transmitted to the seronegative partner during the study; control couples (n = 321) were serodiscordant couples in which HIV-1 was not transmitted to the seronegative partner. Differences in a panel of 30 cytokines were measured using plasma specimens from both HIV-1-susceptible and HIV-1-infected partners. Plasma was collected before seroconversion for cases.ResultsFor both HIV-1-infected and HIV-1-susceptible partners, cases and controls had significantly different mean responses in cytokine panels (P < .001, by the Hotelling T(2) test), suggesting a broadly different pattern of immune activation for couples in which HIV-1 was transmitted, compared with couples without transmission. Individually, log10 mean concentrations of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and CXCL10 were significantly higher for both HIV-1-susceptible and HIV-1-infected case partners, compared with HIV-1-susceptible and HIV-1-infected control partners (P < .01 for all comparisons). In multivariate analysis, HIV-1 transmission was significantly associated with elevated CXCL10 concentrations in HIV-1-susceptible partners (P = .001) and with elevated IL-10 concentrations in HIV-1-infected partners (P = .02).ConclusionsImmune activation, as measured by levels of cytokine markers, particularly elevated levels of IL-10 and CXCL1, are associated with increased HIV-1 susceptibility and infectiousness.
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- 2015
4. The Potential Role of FREM1 and Its Isoform TILRR in HIV-1 Acquisition through Mediating Inflammation
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Mohammad Abul Kashem, Hongzhao Li, Lewis Ruxi Liu, Binhua Liang, Robert Were Omange, Francis A. Plummer, and Ma Luo
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FREM1 ,TILRR ,inflammation ,HIV-1 acquisition ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
FREM1 (Fras-related extracellular matrix 1) and its splice variant TILRR (Toll-like interleukin-1 receptor regulator) have been identified as integral components of innate immune systems. The potential involvement of FREM1 in HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus 1) acquisition was suggested by a genome-wide SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) analysis of HIV-1 resistant and susceptible sex workers enrolled in the Pumwani sex worker cohort (PSWC) in Nairobi, Kenya. The studies showed that the minor allele of a FREM1 SNP rs1552896 is highly enriched in the HIV-1 resistant female sex workers. Subsequent studies showed that FREM1 mRNA is highly expressed in tissues relevant to mucosal HIV-1 infection, including cervical epithelial tissues, and TILRR is a major modulator of many genes in the NF-κB signal transduction pathway. In this article, we review the role of FREM1 and TILRR in modulating inflammatory responses and inflammation, and how their influence on inflammatory responses of cervicovaginal tissue could enhance the risk of vaginal HIV-1 acquisition.
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- 2021
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5. An Empiric Risk Score to Guide PrEP Targeting Among MSM in Coastal Kenya.
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Wahome, Elizabeth, Thiong'o, Alexander N., Mwashigadi, Grace, Chirro, Oscar, Mohamed, Khamisi, Gichuru, Evans, Mwambi, John, Price, Matt A., Graham, Susan M., and Sanders, Eduard J.
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HIV prevention ,HIV infection risk factors ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,HIV ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MEDICAL personnel ,PREVENTIVE medicine ,POISSON distribution ,ANAL sex ,UNSAFE sex ,DISEASE incidence ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,MEN who have sex with men ,SEXUAL partners ,HIV seronegativity - Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM), who have heterogeneous HIV-acquisition risks are not specifically targeted in Kenyan pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) guidelines. We used data from an open cohort, which followed 753 initially HIV-negative MSM participants for more than 1378.5 person-years, to develop an empiric risk score for targeting PrEP delivery. Independent predictors of incident HIV-1 infection in this cohort were an age of 18-24 years, having only male sex partners, having receptive anal intercourse, having any unprotected sex, and having group sex. Poisson model coefficients were used to assign a numeric score to each statistically significant predictor. A risk score of ≥ 1 corresponded to an HIV-1 incidence of ≥ 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-4.1] and identified 81.3% of the cohort participants as being at high risk for HIV-1 acquisition. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.76 (95% CI 0.71-0.80). This empiric risk score may help Kenyan health care providers to assess HIV-1 acquisition risk and encourage PrEP uptake by high-risk MSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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6. Susceptibility to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Acquisition Linked to Malaria Exposure: A Case-Control Study.
- Author
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Kamau E, Chaudhury S, Bolton JS, Slike BM, Jian N, Eller MA, Eller LA, Ake J, Robb ML, Krebs SJ, and Bergmann-Leitner ES
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- Humans, Case-Control Studies, Antibodies, Protozoan, HIV-1, Malaria epidemiology, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Seropositivity
- Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria infection rates overlap across sub-Saharan Africa, but factors influencing their co-occurrence are unclear. In a case-control study, we investigated whether malaria exposure increases risk of type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition. Prior to seroconverting, HIV-positive cases had significantly higher malaria-associated antibodies compared to HIV-negative controls, linking malaria exposure to HIV-1 acquisition., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest . The authors: No potential conflicts of interest. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2022
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7. Toll-like Receptor Polymorphism Associations With HIV-1 Outcomes Among Sub-Saharan Africans.
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Mackelprang, Romel D., Bigham, Abigail W., Celum, Connie, de Bruyn, Guy, Beima-Sofie, Kristin, John-Stewart, Grace, Ronald, Allan, Mugo, Nelly R., Buckingham, Kati J., Bamshad, Michael J., Mullins, James I., McElrath, M. Juliana, and Lingappa, Jairam R.
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TOLL-like receptors , *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms , *DISEASE progression , *HAPLOTYPES , *HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 - Abstract
Objective. We evaluated Toll-like receptors (TLRs) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for associations with HIV-1 acquisition, set-point and disease progression in African couples.Methods. Seven candidate and 116 haplotype-tagging SNPs (tagSNPs) were genotyped in 504 HIV-1 infected cases, and 343 seronegative controls.Results. TLR9 1635A/G was associated with reduced HIV-1 acquisition among HIV-seronegative controls with high but not low HIV-1 exposure (odds ratio [OR] = 0.7; P = .03 and OR = 0.9, P = .5, respectively). TLR7 rs179012 and TLR2 597C/T reduced set-point; the latter modified by time since HIV-1 acquisition. TLR8 1A/G reduced disease progression.Conclusions. TLR SNPs impact HIV-1 outcomes with epidemiologic factors modifying these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2014
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8. An Empiric Risk Scoring Tool for Identifying High-Risk Heterosexual HIV-1-Serodiscordant Couples for Targeted HIV-1 Prevention.
- Author
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Kahle, Erin M., Hughes, James P., Lingappa, Jairam R., John-Stewart, Grace, Celum, Connie, Nakku-Joloba, Edith, Njuguna, Stella, Mugo, Nelly, Bukusi, Elizabeth, Manongi, Rachel, and Baeten, Jared M.
- Abstract
Heterosexual HIV-1-serodiscordant couples are increasingly recognized as an important source of new HIV-1 infections in sub-Saharan Africa. A simple risk assessment tool could be useful for identifying couples at highest risk for HIV-1 transmission.Using data from 3 prospective studies of HIV-1-serodiscordant couples from 7 African countries and standard methods for development of clinical prediction rules, the authors derived and validated a risk scoring tool developed from multivariate modeling and composed of key predictors for HIV-1 risk that could be measured in standard research and clinical settings.The final risk score included age of the HIV-1-uninfected partner, married and/or cohabiting partnership, number of children, unprotected sex, uncircumcised male HIV-1-uninfected partner, and plasma HIV-1 RNA in the HIV-1-infected partner. The maximum risk score was 12, scores ≥5 were associated with an annual HIV-1 incidence of >3%, and couples with a score ≥6 accounted for only 28% of the population but 67% of HIV-1 transmissions. The area under the curve for predictive ability of the score was 0.74 (95% confidence interval: 0.70 to 0.78). Internal and external validation showed similar predictive ability of the risk score, even when plasma viral load was excluded from the risk score.A discrete combination of clinical and behavioral characteristics defines highest risk HIV-1-serodiscordant couples. Discriminating highest risk couples for HIV-1 prevention programs and clinical trials using a validated risk score could improve research efficiency and maximize the impact of prevention strategies for reducing HIV-1 transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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9. The Potential Role of FREM1 and Its Isoform TILRR in HIV-1 Acquisition through Mediating Inflammation
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Hongzhao Li, Mohammad Abul Kashem, Ma Luo, Lewis R. Liu, Robert W Omange, Binhua Liang, Francis A. Plummer, and University of Manitoba
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0301 basic medicine ,HIV-1 acquisition ,QH301-705.5 ,HIV Infections ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Inflammation ,Review ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Protein Isoforms ,SNP ,Biology (General) ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Receptor ,QD1-999 ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Research Subject Categories::MEDICINE ,Sex Workers ,Innate immune system ,Organic Chemistry ,Alternative splicing ,Receptors, Interleukin ,General Medicine ,Computer Science Applications ,Minor allele frequency ,Chemistry ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Vagina ,Immunology ,HIV-1 ,Female ,FREM1 ,Signal transduction ,medicine.symptom ,TILRR - Abstract
FREM1 (Fras-related extracellular matrix 1) and its splice variant TILRR (Toll-like interleukin-1 receptor regulator) have been identified as integral components of innate immune systems. The potential involvement of FREM1 in HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus 1) acquisition was suggested by a genome-wide SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) analysis of HIV-1 resistant and susceptible sex workers enrolled in the Pumwani sex worker cohort (PSWC) in Nairobi, Kenya. The studies showed that the minor allele of a FREM1 SNP rs1552896 is highly enriched in the HIV-1 resistant female sex workers. Subsequent studies showed that FREM1 mRNA is highly expressed in tissues relevant to mucosal HIV-1 infection, including cervical epithelial tissues, and TILRR is a major modulator of many genes in the NF-κB signal transduction pathway. In this article, we review the role of FREM1 and TILRR in modulating inflammatory responses and inflammation, and how their influence on inflammatory responses of cervicovaginal tissue could enhance the risk of vaginal HIV-1 acquisition.
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- 2021
10. The Potential Role of FREM1 and Its Isoform TILRR in HIV-1 Acquisition through Mediating Inflammation.
- Author
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Kashem, Mohammad Abul, Li, Hongzhao, Liu, Lewis Ruxi, Liang, Binhua, Omange, Robert Were, Plummer, Francis A., and Luo, Ma
- Subjects
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HIV , *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms , *EPITHELIUM , *MUCOUS membranes , *TOLL-like receptors , *CELLULAR signal transduction - Abstract
FREM1 (Fras-related extracellular matrix 1) and its splice variant TILRR (Toll-like interleukin-1 receptor regulator) have been identified as integral components of innate immune systems. The potential involvement of FREM1 in HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus 1) acquisition was suggested by a genome-wide SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) analysis of HIV-1 resistant and susceptible sex workers enrolled in the Pumwani sex worker cohort (PSWC) in Nairobi, Kenya. The studies showed that the minor allele of a FREM1 SNP rs1552896 is highly enriched in the HIV-1 resistant female sex workers. Subsequent studies showed that FREM1 mRNA is highly expressed in tissues relevant to mucosal HIV-1 infection, including cervical epithelial tissues, and TILRR is a major modulator of many genes in the NF-κB signal transduction pathway. In this article, we review the role of FREM1 and TILRR in modulating inflammatory responses and inflammation, and how their influence on inflammatory responses of cervicovaginal tissue could enhance the risk of vaginal HIV-1 acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Cross talk between the glucocorticoid receptor and the progesterone receptor in modulation of progestin responses and HIV-1 infection
- Author
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Bick, Alexis J, Hapgood, Janet, Avenant, Chanel, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Faculty of Science
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HIV-1 acquisition ,ex vivo data ,contraceptive progestin Depotmedroxyprogesterone acetate - Abstract
Current epidemiological data showing that the use of the injectable contraceptive progestin Depotmedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is associated with increased HIV-1 acquisition is controversial. However, animal and ex vivo data reveal plausible biological mechanisms whereby MPA may increase HIV-1 acquisition. Relatively high levels of endogenous progesterone (P4) found in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle have also been linked to increased HIV-1 acquisition in animal, clinical and ex vivo models. One of the central hypotheses of the present study was that the mechanism of MPA-induced increase in HIV-1 infection occurs via a different mechanism to that of the luteal phase. Furthermore, MPA has been shown to activate both the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and its target, the progesterone receptor (PR) isoform B (PR-B), which are both transcription factors and regulate genes involved in immune function. Both the GR and PR are expressed in the cervix, the primary site of heterosexual HIV-1 infection. PR is regulated by endogenous estrogen (E2), of which the concentrations fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle, and GR expression also varies in response to stress hormones, leading to conditions of varied relative levels of GR/PR. The immune-related consequences of changing the relative levels of GR and PR-B are not well understood. Therefore another hypothesis of this study was that changing the relative levels of GR/PR-B modulates HIV-1 infection and immunomodulatory gene expression in response to the GR/PR agonist, MPA. Since GR and PR-B recognize similar DNA target sequences and may regulate the same genes at the same time, the final hypothesis of the present study was that GR and PR-B reciprocally modulate each other’s activity, through possible association. To investigate the effects of exogenous hormones on HIV-1 infection and mechanisms thereof, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and TZM-bl cervical cells were used as model systems for HIV-1 infection. These cells were stimulated with P4 and E2 at concentrations mimicking the menstrual cycle phases or with levels of MPA at the upper range of peak serum levels detected in DMPA users. Cells were infected with the R-tropic HIV-1 infectious molecular clone, HIV-1Bal_Renilla and luciferase assays were used to measure HIV-1 infection. Levels of HIV-1 CD4 receptor and CCR5 co-receptor protein or mRNA were measured by flow cytometry or qPCR, respectively, while activation of CD4+ T cells using the activation marker CD69 was measured by flow cytometry in PBMCs. To investigate the effects of changing GR/PR-B levels on HIV-1 infection and immune gene regulation, GR/PR levels were altered in End1/E6E7 immortalized endocervical and HeLa/TZM-bl cervical carcinoma cells by GR siRNA knockdown with or without the simultaneous over-expression of PR-B, and cells were stimulated with MPA or the GR agonist Dexamethasone. mRNA expression iii of key immunomodulatory genes in End1/E6E7 and HeLa cells was measured by qPCR. The modulation of GR activity by PR-B was assessed by promoter-reporter assay in COS1 and U2OS cells over-expressing GR and PR and stimulated with GR- and/or PR-specific ligands. Association of GR and PR-B was measured by co-immunoprecipitation in COS1 and MCF-7 cells, while co-localization of GR and PR-B was measured by confocal microscopy and super-resolution structured illumination microscopy in COS1 cells. MPA significantly increased HIV-1 infection in both PBMCs and TZM-bl cells, while luteal phase hormones did so to a lesser extent. However, MPA but not luteal phase hormones increased the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in PBMCs. MPA but not luteal phase hormones also increased CCR5 protein expression on CD4+ T cells in PBMCs and total CCR5 mRNA expression in TZM-bl cells. In addition, MPA but not luteal phase hormones increased activation of CD4+ T cells in PBMCs. Using a GR antagonist or GR siRNA, it was shown that the GR but not PR-B is required for MPA-, but not luteal phase hormone-induced increased HIV-1 infection in PBMCs and TZM-bls. The presence of PR-B altered the anti-inflammatory, GR-mediated regulation of some key immunomodulatory genes, including GILZ and IL-6, in End1/E6E7 and HeLa cells in response to MPA. In general, basal (unliganded) expression of immunomodulatory genes exhibited a pro-inflammatory profile in the presence of PR-B. Co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that GR and PR-B appeared to associate. Confocal microscopy suggested GR and PR co-localized in the nucleus in response to GR- and/or PRspecific ligands, while super-resolution microscopy showed that co-localization occurred in select regions within the nucleus. Taken together, MPA increases HIV-1 infection in a manner different from that of luteal phase hormones, most likely involving increased CD4+ T cell frequency (CD4+/CD8+ ratio), activation and increased expression of CCR5 on CD4+ T cells, and requiring the GR. Furthermore, PR-B modulates GR-mediated immune function gene regulation, via potential association and region-specific nuclear co-localization. This suggests that the relative levels of GR/PR may play an important role in determining the inflammatory and immune responses and HIV-1 infection in HIV-1 target cells, both in DMPA users and women not using hormonal contraception.
- Published
- 2018
12. Hepatitis B virus incidence and risk factors among human immunodeficiency virus-1 negative men who have sex with men in Kenya
- Author
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Caroline Ngetsa, Huub C. Gelderblom, Elizabeth Wahome, Amin S. Hassan, John Mwambi, Murugi Micheni, Gloria Omosa Manyonyi, Susan M. Graham, Eduard J. Sanders, and Matthew Price
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,HIV-1 acquisition ,MSM ,Rate ratio ,medicine.disease_cause ,circumcision ,Men who have sex with men ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Major Article ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Seroconversion ,Hepatitis B virus ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,virus diseases ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,Kenya ,3. Good health ,Vaccination ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Oncology ,Cohort ,HBV incidence ,business - Abstract
No data exist on hepatitis B virus (HBV) incidence among African men who have sex with men (MSM). We tested plasma samples archived between 2005 and 2014 for HBV core antibody or surface antigen seroconversion in a cohort of 312 initially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-negative MSM with no evidence of prior HBV infection. Hepatitis B virus incidence was 6.0/100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9–9.1). Hepatitis B virus acquisition was associated with being uncircumcised (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR], 5.0; 95% CI, 1.5–16.8), recent HIV-1 acquisition (aIRR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1–7.7), rape (aIRR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.2–20.4), and any tertiary education (aIRR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.1–9.7). African MSM have a substantial risk of HBV acquisition and require vaccination urgently.
- Published
- 2017
13. Risque d’acquisition du virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) chez les femmes utilisant des hormones contraceptives orales et injectables
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Tijanic, Sophie and Mâsse, Benoit
- Subjects
Contraceptifs oraux ,Acquisition du VIH-1 ,HIV-1 acquisition ,Medroxyprogesterone acetate ,Oral contraceptives ,HIV-1 transmission ,Virus de l’immunodéficience humaine ,Depo-Provera ,Transmission du VIH-1 ,Hormonal contraception ,Hormonal contraceptives ,Contraceptifs hormonaux ,Immunodeficiency virus ,Acétate de médroxyprogestérone ,Contraceptifs injectables ,HIV-1 ,Contraception hormonale ,VIH-1 ,Injectable contraceptives - Abstract
Objectif : Étudier l'association entre l’utilisation de contraceptifs hormonaux et le risque d'acquisition du VIH-1 chez les femmes au Malawi, en Afrique du Sud, en Zambie et au Zimbabwe. Devis : Analyses secondaires de 2887 femmes âgées de 17-55 ans ayant participé à l’étude HPTN 035, une étude de phase II/IIb sur l’efficacité de deux gels microbicides pour prévenir la transmission du VIH chez les femmes à risque. Méthodes : L'association entre l'utilisation de contraceptifs hormonaux et le risque d'acquisition du VIH-1 a été évaluée en utilisant des modèles de Cox. Des risques relatifs sont estimés où le groupe de référence est celui des femmes qui n’utilisent pas de contraceptifs hormonaux. De plus, un modèle multivarié de Cox est utilisé afin de contrôler pour les facteurs potentiellement confondants. Résultats : Les contraceptifs injectables ont été utilisés par 52,1% des femmes, alors que les contraceptifs oraux ont été utilisés par 20,7% de celles-ci. Pendant l'étude, il y a eu 192 séroconversions. L'incidence observée du VIH était de 2,28; 4,19 et 4,69 pour 100 personne-années pour les contraceptifs oraux, injectables et non hormonaux, respectivement. Lors de l’analyse multivariée, nous n'avons trouvé aucune association significative entre l’usage des contraceptifs hormonaux et l’acquisition du VIH-1. Le risque relatif ajusté (RRa) pour les contraceptifs oraux est de 0,573 (IC de 95% : [0,31-1,06]) et 0,981 (IC de 95% : [0,69 ; 1,39]) pour les contraceptifs injectables. Conclusions : Bien que cette étude ne démontre pas d’association entre l’usage des contraceptifs hormonaux et le VIH-1, nous concluons toutefois que ces méthodes de contraception ne protègent pas contre le VIH-1, et il est ainsi recommandé aux femmes utilisant des hormones contraceptives de toujours utiliser le condom pour prévenir l'infection au VIH-1., Objective: To investigate the association between the use of hormonal contraceptive and the risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection in women from Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Design: Secondary analyses of 2887 women aged 17-55 years who participated in the HPTN 035 trial, a Phase II/IIb trial on the efficacy of two microbicide gels to prevent HIV transmission in women at risk in Africa. Methods: The association between the use of hormonal contraceptive and the risk of acquiring HIV-1 was evaluated using Cox proportionnal models. Relative risks of exposed women were estimated using as a reference group the women who do not use hormonal contraceptives. In addition, a multivariate Cox model was used to control for potentially confounding factors. Results: Injectable contraceptives were used by 52.1 % of women, while oral contraceptives were used by 20.7% of them. During the study, there were 192 seroconversions. The observed HIV-1 incidence was 2.28, 4.19 and 4.69 per 100 woman-years for oral, injectable and non-hormonal contraceptive users, respectively. In multivariate analysis, we found no significant association between the use of hormonal contraceptives and HIV-1 acquisition. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) for oral contraceptives was 0.573 (95% CI: [0.31 to 1.06]) and 0.981 (95% CI: [0.69, 1.39]) for injectable contraceptives. Conclusions: Although this study did not demonstrate an association between hormonal contraceptive use and the risk of HIV-1 infection, we conclude, however, that these methods of contraception do not protect against HIV-1, and it is thus recommended that women using contraceptive hormones always use condoms to prevent HIV-1.
- Published
- 2014
14. Hepatitis B Virus Incidence and Risk Factors Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men in Kenya.
- Author
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Wahome E, Ngetsa C, Mwambi J, Gelderblom HC, Manyonyi GO, Micheni M, Hassan A, Price MA, Graham SM, and Sanders EJ
- Abstract
No data exist on hepatitis B virus (HBV) incidence among African men who have sex with men (MSM). We tested plasma samples archived between 2005 and 2014 for HBV core antibody or surface antigen seroconversion in a cohort of 312 initially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-negative MSM with no evidence of prior HBV infection. Hepatitis B virus incidence was 6.0/100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9-9.1). Hepatitis B virus acquisition was associated with being uncircumcised (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR], 5.0; 95% CI, 1.5-16.8), recent HIV-1 acquisition (aIRR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1-7.7), rape (aIRR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.2-20.4), and any tertiary education (aIRR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.1-9.7). African MSM have a substantial risk of HBV acquisition and require vaccination urgently.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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