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Sepanjang zaman darurat dari tahun 1948 sehingga 1960, pasukan polis di Tanah Melayu bertungkus lumus dalam memerangi keganasan komunis agar dapat mengekalkan keamanan. Ekoran daripada itu, bebanan dan tanggungjawab pasukan polis telah bertambah pada zaman darurat ekoran turut bertanggungjawab untuk memerangi gerakan bersenjata komunis pada masa yang samat. Sebelum itu, pasukan polis hanya menumpukan fokus mereka dalam menyelesaikan kes jenayah yang berlaku di Tanah Melayu. Bagi menghadapi ancaman komunis dan penyokong komunis di seluruh Tanah Melayu termasuk Perak, kerajaan telah mengambil langkah dengan memperbesarkan kekuatan pasukan polis dengan penubuhan pelbagai cawangan dan unit pasukan polis pada awal zaman darurat. Cawangan dan unit yang diwujudkan oleh pasukan polis untuk memerangi ancaman komunis di Tanah Melayu termasuk Perak adalah seperti Konstabel Khas, Polis Bantuan, Home Guard, Polis Wanita, Cawangan Khas, Flying Squad, Skuad Hutan, Kompeni Hutan, Pasukan Polis Hutan dan Senoi Praaq. Pasukan polis ditempatkan di kawasan penempatan penduduk di Perak. Kehadiran pasukan polis bukan sahaja dapat melindungi keselamatan penduduk, tetapi juga dapat mengelakkan penduduk daripada menyalurkan maklumat pergerakan pasukan polis, bekalan makanan dan ubat-ubatan kepada komunis. Selain itu, pasukan polis juga ditugaskan di kawasan estet dan lombong bagi menghadapi serangan komunis di Perak. Keselamatan pengangkutan kereta api juga menjadi tanggungjawab pasukan polis. Operasi keselamatan turut dilancarkan oleh pasukan polis di kawasan pedalaman dan hutan di Perak untuk menghapuskan tempat penyembunyian komunis. Artikel ini meneliti sejauh mana penglibatan pasukan polis dalam memelihara keselamatan penduduk di Perak pada zaman darurat (1948-1960). Justeru, artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauhmana tugas pasukan polis bagi memelihara keselamatan penduduk di Perak daripada ancaman komunis. Artikel ini disempurnakan dengan menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan perpustakaan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Kaedah temubual turut digunakan bagi melengkapkan tulisan ini. Penulisan ini dilakukan dengan merujuk sumber primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh daripada Arkib Negara Malaysia, Perpustakaan Universiti Malaya dan Ibu Pejabat Polis Diraja Malaysia.

Social development in Sabah, including the construction and upgrading of railways, was important for the state’s economic activities. The economic and social needs prompted the British colonial administration to improve the railway facilities. This article discusses the development of railways in Sabah under the British colonial administration between 1881 and 1963. This study seeks to determine if the building of railways in Sabah involved the building of new railway lines or merely the upgrading of existing ones. This study has found that the railways development is evident under the British North Borneo Chartered Company (SBBU) and then rose slowly but consistently under British colonial rule. The length of railways increased considerably as a result of upgrading works by the British after the Second World War. The upgrading of railways contributed to socioeconomic change in Sabah which was visible in the increased agricultural productivity and improvements in the industrial sector. The building of railways also contributed towards economic growth as evident in the increase in new settlement areas, employment opportunities and demographic change in Sabah.

The drafting of a constitution is a complex consultative process. No country, including the United States and India, can claim that its constitution was entirely the original creation of its draftsmen. Framers of constitutions are inspired and influenced by a variety of sources from ancient and modern forms of government and laws. The 1957 Malayan federal constitution drafted by the Reid commission was no exception. While it is known that the drafting of the Malayan (now Malaysian) constitution was influenced by Commonwealth constitutions, the extent of this influence has remained unclear. This article reveals through a close scrutiny of the primary constitutional documents that the framing of the Malayan constitution was mainly influenced by three connected yet varied sources of constitutionalism. Their influences can be discerned at two inter-related levels. At the first level, it is clear that the underlying constitutional principles which formed the foundations of the Malayan constitution were largely based on English constitutionalism and principles of Common law. At the second and more visible level, this article reveals that the drafting of the Malayan constitution was largely influenced by two contemporary Commonwealth constitutions which served as the main reference templates for the framing of the articles.

The beginning of the Communist movement in Sarawak could be traced back to the 1924 when the Kuomintang (KMT) branch was established in Sarawak. In the Sarawak communist movement, almost all involved were Chinese, and they were the largest group sympathetic to the communist cause. They were exposed to communist teachings through Chinese schools, periodicals, labourand plantation unions, and political establishments. The communist movement then turned to armed struggle when the Malaysian plan was announced, and then the Federation of Malaysia was formed on 16 September 1963. However, the spread of communist ideology among the Chinese and their involvement in the movement alarmed the government, as the Chinese were an important group, especially in the development of economy and because they formed the second largest ethnic community in Sarawak. The government acted to limit communism from spreading further in Sarawak, by launching military operations and controlling newspaper publications, Chinese schools, and political organisations and activities. The communist problem in Sarawak finally faded with the success of the government-launched Sri Aman Operation in 1974.

This article examines the evolution of the Chinese in Sarawak since the Brooke administration up to the formation of Malaysia. In the period 1841-1963, there was a change in status of the Chinese community, from immigrants involved mainly in economic activities to prime movers in party politics in Sarawak. Eventhough the Chinese were not involved in local politics before the Second World War, they were aware of political developments in China and the Sino-Japanese War in the 1930s. However, they were involved in forming social and economic organisations to protect their interests in Sarawak. At that time, they paid more attention to economic opportunities that could improve their livelihood. Furthermore, after the war and amidst the issue of cession of the state to the British, the Chinese still did not show any obvious interest in local politics. However, the communist movement in Sarawak dominated by the Chinese worried the government and other ethnic groups. Next, the Chinese began to be involved in local politics when the local council elections were introduced by the British in the mid-1950s. By 1959, the Chinese moved to form the first political party in Sarawak, the SUPP (Sarawak United People's Party). The formation of the SUPP encouraged the Malays and Dayaks to form their own parties to fight and protect the interests of their groups in Sarawak. With that, the Chinese and the SUPP became prime movers in party politics in Sarawak.

The Malayan society was a multi-racial community with different backgrounds, cultures, languages, religions and beliefs. These differences became more obvious when they were segregated by occupations, settlements and education. These circumstances had influenced the plural society and shaped racial relationships in Malaya during the British administration. Racial tension emerged during the Japanese occupaton. After the end of the World War II, ethnic confliicts erupted over issues such citizenship to the non-Malays and their domination in economic sectors. Education had also shaped ethnic relations. Chinese involvement in communist movement and counter-insurgency measures including the Resettlement Scheme and Manpower Regulation and the establishment of the People's Republic of China particularly heightened the Sino-Malay hostility. Community leaders attempted in various ways to integrate the disputing groups, including the suggestion to admit non-Malays into UMNO, the establishment of the Communities Liaison Committee and the foudning of political parties including the IMP, Parti Negara, MCA and eventually the Alliance.

This article traces the political, economic and social developments that took place in Sabah under the Sabah's People United Front (BERJAYA) administration from 1976 to 1985.

The article asserts that the Korean War turned out to be economically very beneficial for British Malaya.

The article surveys the spread of communist ideology among the the Chinese people of Sarawak from the years of Japanese occupation during the Second World War until the 1950s and early 1960s.