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1. Biogenic particles formed in the Himalaya as an important source of free tropospheric aerosols

Author

Bianchi, F., Junninen, H., Bigi, A., Sinclair, V. A., Dada, L., Hoyle, C. R., Zha, Q., Yao, L., Ahonen, L. R., Bonasoni, P., Buenrostro Mazon, S., Hutterli, M., Laj, P., Lehtipalo, K., Kangasluoma, J., Kerminen, V.-M., Kontkanen, J., Marinoni, A., Mirme, S., Molteni, U., Petäjä, T., Riva, M., Rose, C., Sellegri, K., Yan, C., Worsnop, D. R., Kulmala, M., Baltensperger, U., and Dommen, J.

Published
2021
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2. New particle formation in the free troposphere: A question of chemistry and timing

Author

Bianchi, F., Tröstl, J., Junninen, H., Frege, C., Henne, S., Hoyle, C. R., Molteni, U., Herrmann, E., Adamov, A., Bukowiecki, N., Chen, X., Duplissy, J., Gysel, M., Hutterli, M., Kangasluoma, J., Kontkanen, J., Kürten, A., Manninen, H. E., Münch, S., Peräkylä, O., Petäjä, T., Rondo, L., Williamson, C., Weingartner, E., Curtius, J., Worsnop, D. R., Kulmala, M., Dommen, J., and Baltensperger, U.

Published
2016

3. Size-dependent influence of NOₓ on the growth rates of organic aerosol particles

Author

Yan, C., Nie, W., Vogel, A. L., Dada, L., Lehtipalo, K., Stolzenburg, D., Wagner, R., Rissanen, M. P., Xiao, M., Ahonen, L., Fischer, L., Rose, C., Bianchi, F., Gordon, H., Simon, M., Heinritzi, M., Garmash, O., Roldin, P., Dias, A., Ye, P., Hofbauer, V., Amorim, A., Bauer, P. S., Bergen, A., Bernhammer, A.-K., Breitenlechner, M., Brilke, S., Buchholz, A., Buenrostro Mazon, S., Canagaratna, M. R., Chen, X., Ding, A., Dommen, J., Draper, D. C., Duplissy, J., Frege, C., Heyn, C., Guida, R., Hakala, J., Heikkinen, L., Hoyle, C. R., Jokinen, T., Kangasluoma, J., Kirkby, J., Kontkanen, J., Kürten, A., Lawler, M. J., Mai, H., Mathot, S., Mauldin, R. L., III, Molteni, U., Nichman, L., Nieminen, T., Nowak, J., Ojdanic, A., Onnela, A., Pajunoja, A., Petäjä, T., Piel, F., Quéléver, L. L. J., Sarnela, N., Schallhart, S., Sengupta, K., Sipilä, M., Tomé, A., Tröst, J., Väisänen, O., Wagner, A. C., Ylisirniö, A., Zha, Q., Baltensperger, U., Carslaw, K. S., Curtius, J., Flagan, R. C., Hansel, A., Riipinen, I., Smith, J. N., Virtanen, A., Winkler, P. M., Donahue, N. M., Kerminen, V.-M., Kulmala, M., Ehn, M., and Worsnop, D. R.

Abstract

Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) affects climate by contributing to a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) drive the early particle growth and therefore substantially influence the survival of newly formed particles to CCN. Nitrogen oxide (NOₓ) is known to suppress the NPF driven by HOMs, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we examine the response of particle growth to the changes of HOM formation caused by NOₓ. We show that NOₓ suppresses particle growth in general, but the suppression is rather nonuniform and size dependent, which can be quantitatively explained by the shifted HOM volatility after adding NOₓ. By illustrating how NOₓ affects the early growth of new particles, a critical step of CCN formation, our results help provide a refined assessment of the potential climatic effects caused by the diverse changes of NOₓ level in forest regions around the globe.

Published
2020

4. The role of ions in new particle formation in the CLOUD chamber

Author

Wagner, R., Yan, C., Lehtipalo, K., Duplissy, J., Nieminen, T., Kangasluoma, J., Ahonen, L. R., Dada, L., Kontkanen, J., Manninen, H. E., Dias, A., Amorim, A., Bauer, P. S., Bergen, A., Bernhammer, A.-K., Bianchi, F., Brilke, S., Mazon, S. B., Chen, X., Draper, D. C., Fischer, L., Frege, C., Fuchs, C., Garmash, O., Gordon, H., Hakala, J., Heikkinen, L., Heinritzi, M., Hofbauer, V., Hoyle, C. R., Kirkby, J., Kürten, A., Kvashnin, A. N., Laurila, T., Lawler, M. J., Mai, H., Makhmutov, V., Mauldin III, R. L., Molteni, U., Nichman, L., Nie, W., Ojdanic, A., Onnela, A., Piel, F., Quéléver, L. L. J., Rissanen, M. P., Sarnela, N., Schallhart, S., Sengupta, K., Simon, M., Stolzenburg, D., Stozhkov, Y., Tröstl, J., Viisanen, Y., Vogel, A. L., Wagner, A. C., Xiao, M., Ye, P., Baltensperger, U., Curtius, J., Donahue, N. M., Flagan, R. C., Gallagher, M., Hansel, A., Smith, J. N., Tomé, A., Winkler, P. M., Worsnop, D., Ehn, M., Sipilä, M., Kerminen, V.-M., Petäjä, T., Kulmala, M., Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Polar and arctic atmospheric research (PANDA), University of Helsinki, University of Eastern Finland, CERN, University of Lisbon, University of Vienna, Goethe University Frankfurt, University of Innsbruck, University of California Irvine, Paul Scherrer Institute, Department of Applied Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, RAS - P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, California Institute of Technology, University of Manchester, University of Leeds, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and Department of Applied Physics, activities

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nucleation, Analytical chemistry, Nanoparticle, ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL NUCLEATION, Cosmic ray, 010501 environmental sciences, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Atmosphere, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, SULFURIC-ACID, HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEATION, ddc:550, Cloud condensation nuclei, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/MERI, BOREAL-FOREST, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, FREE TROPOSPHERE, GROWTH-RATES, Chemistry, MOLECULAR CLUSTERS, Sulfuric acid, Manchester Environmental Research Institute, lcsh:QC1-999, SIZE MAGNIFIER, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Chemical physics, Particle, NEUTRAL CLUSTER, lcsh:Physics, GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS
Abstract

The formation of secondary particles in the atmosphere accounts for more than half of global cloud condensation nuclei. Experiments at the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber have underlined the importance of ions for new particle formation, but quantifying their effect in the atmosphere remains challenging. By using a novel instrument setup consisting of two nanoparticle counters, one of them equipped with an ion filter, we were able to further investigate the ion-related mechanisms of new particle formation. In autumn 2015, we carried out experiments at CLOUD on four systems of different chemical compositions involving monoterpenes, sulfuric acid, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia. We measured the influence of ions on the nucleation rates under precisely controlled and atmospherically relevant conditions. Our results indicate that ions enhance the nucleation process when the charge is necessary to stabilize newly formed clusters, i.e., in conditions in which neutral clusters are unstable. For charged clusters that were formed by ion-induced nucleation, we were able to measure, for the first time, their progressive neutralization due to recombination with oppositely charged ions. A large fraction of the clusters carried a charge at 1.5 nm diameter. However, depending on particle growth rates and ion concentrations, charged clusters were largely neutralized by ion–ion recombination before they grew to 2.5 nm. At this size, more than 90 % of particles were neutral. In other words, particles may originate from ion-induced nucleation, although they are neutral upon detection at diameters larger than 2.5 nm. Observations at Hyytiälä, Finland, showed lower ion concentrations and a lower contribution of ion-induced nucleation than measured at CLOUD under similar conditions. Although this can be partly explained by the observation that ion-induced fractions decrease towards lower ion concentrations, further investigations are needed to resolve the origin of the discrepancy., published version, peerReviewed

Published
2017

5. Biogenic particles formed in the Himalaya as an important source of free tropospheric aerosols

Author

Bianchi, F., primary, Junninen, H., additional, Bigi, A., additional, Sinclair, V. A., additional, Dada, L., additional, Hoyle, C. R., additional, Zha, Q., additional, Yao, L., additional, Ahonen, L. R., additional, Bonasoni, P., additional, Buenrostro Mazon, S., additional, Hutterli, M., additional, Laj, P., additional, Lehtipalo, K., additional, Kangasluoma, J., additional, Kerminen, V.-M., additional, Kontkanen, J., additional, Marinoni, A., additional, Mirme, S., additional, Molteni, U., additional, Petäjä, T., additional, Riva, M., additional, Rose, C., additional, Sellegri, K., additional, Yan, C., additional, Worsnop, D. R., additional, Kulmala, M., additional, Baltensperger, U., additional, and Dommen, J., additional

Published
2020
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6. Heterogeneous Formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds- Part 1: Nucleation of Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT)

Author

Hoyle, C. R, Engel, I, Luo, B. P, Pitts, M. C, Poole, L. R, Grooss, J.-U, and Peter, T

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Satellite-based observations during the Arctic winter of 2009/2010 provide firm evidence that, in contrast to the current understanding, the nucleation of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) in the polar stratosphere does not only occur on preexisting ice particles. In order to explain the NAT clouds observed over the Arctic in mid-December 2009, a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism is required, occurring via immersion freezing on the surface of solid particles, likely of meteoritic origin. For the first time, a detailed microphysical modelling of this NAT formation pathway has been carried out. Heterogeneous NAT formation was calculated along more than sixty thousand trajectories, ending at Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observation points. Comparing the optical properties of the modelled NAT with these observations enabled a thorough validation of a newly developed NAT nucleation parameterisation, which has been built into the Zurich Optical and Microphysical box Model (ZOMM). The parameterisation is based on active site theory, is simple to implement in models and provides substantial advantages over previous approaches which involved a constant rate of NAT nucleation in a given volume of air. It is shown that the new method is capable of reproducing observed polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) very well, despite the varied conditions experienced by air parcels travelling along the different trajectories. In a companion paper, ZOMM is applied to a later period of the winter, when ice PSCs are also present, and it is shown that the observed PSCs are also represented extremely well under these conditions.

Published
2013
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7. Size-dependent influence of NO x on the growth rates of organic aerosol particles

Author

Yan, C., primary, Nie, W., additional, Vogel, A. L., additional, Dada, L., additional, Lehtipalo, K., additional, Stolzenburg, D., additional, Wagner, R., additional, Rissanen, M. P., additional, Xiao, M., additional, Ahonen, L., additional, Fischer, L., additional, Rose, C., additional, Bianchi, F., additional, Gordon, H., additional, Simon, M., additional, Heinritzi, M., additional, Garmash, O., additional, Roldin, P., additional, Dias, A., additional, Ye, P., additional, Hofbauer, V., additional, Amorim, A., additional, Bauer, P. S., additional, Bergen, A., additional, Bernhammer, A.-K., additional, Breitenlechner, M., additional, Brilke, S., additional, Buchholz, A., additional, Mazon, S. Buenrostro, additional, Canagaratna, M. R., additional, Chen, X., additional, Ding, A., additional, Dommen, J., additional, Draper, D. C., additional, Duplissy, J., additional, Frege, C., additional, Heyn, C., additional, Guida, R., additional, Hakala, J., additional, Heikkinen, L., additional, Hoyle, C. R., additional, Jokinen, T., additional, Kangasluoma, J., additional, Kirkby, J., additional, Kontkanen, J., additional, Kürten, A., additional, Lawler, M. J., additional, Mai, H., additional, Mathot, S., additional, Mauldin, R. L., additional, Molteni, U., additional, Nichman, L., additional, Nieminen, T., additional, Nowak, J., additional, Ojdanic, A., additional, Onnela, A., additional, Pajunoja, A., additional, Petäjä, T., additional, Piel, F., additional, Quéléver, L. L. J., additional, Sarnela, N., additional, Schallhart, S., additional, Sengupta, K., additional, Sipilä, M., additional, Tomé, A., additional, Tröstl, J., additional, Väisänen, O., additional, Wagner, A. C., additional, Ylisirniö, A., additional, Zha, Q., additional, Baltensperger, U., additional, Carslaw, K. S., additional, Curtius, J., additional, Flagan, R. C., additional, Hansel, A., additional, Riipinen, I., additional, Smith, J. N., additional, Virtanen, A., additional, Winkler, P. M., additional, Donahue, N. M., additional, Kerminen, V.-M., additional, Kulmala, M., additional, Ehn, M., additional, and Worsnop, D. R., additional

Published
2020
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8. Observation of viscosity transition in a-pinene secondary organic aerosol

Author

Järvinen E., Ignatius K., Nichman L., Kristensen T. B., Fuchs C., Hoyle C. R., Höppel N., Corbin J. C., Craven J., Duplissy J., Ehrhart S., El Haddad I., Frege C., Gordon H., Jokinen T., Kallinger P., Kirkby J., Kiselev A., Naumann K. H., Petäjä T., Pinterich T., Prevot A. S. H., Saathoff H., Schiebel T., and Sengupta K.

Published
2016

10. Discrimination of water, ice and aerosols by light polarisation in the CLOUD experiment

Author

Nichman, L., Fuchs, C., Jaervinen, E., Ignatius, K., Hoppel, N. F., Dias, A., Heinritzi, M., Simon, M., Trostl, J., Wagner, A. C., Wagner, R., Williamson, C., Yan, C., Bianchi, F., Connolly, P. J., Dorsey, J. R., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Frege, C., Gordon, H., Hoyle, C. R., Kristensen, T. B., Steiner, G., Donahue, N. M., Flagan, R., Gallagher, M. W., Kirkby, J., Mohler, O., Saathoff, H., Schnaiter, M., Stratmann, F., and Tome, A.

Published
2015

12. Aqueous phase oxidation of sulphur dioxide by ozone in cloud droplets

Author

Hoyle, C. R., primary, Fuchs, C., additional, Järvinen, E., additional, Saathoff, H., additional, Dias, A., additional, El Haddad, I., additional, Gysel, M., additional, Coburn, S. C., additional, Tröstl, J., additional, Bernhammer, A.-K., additional, Bianchi, F., additional, Breitenlechner, M., additional, Corbin, J. C., additional, Craven, J., additional, Donahue, N. M., additional, Duplissy, J., additional, Ehrhart, S., additional, Frege, C., additional, Gordon, H., additional, Höppel, N., additional, Heinritzi, M., additional, Kristensen, T. B., additional, Molteni, U., additional, Nichman, L., additional, Pinterich, T., additional, Prévôt, A. S. H., additional, Simon, M., additional, Slowik, J. G., additional, Steiner, G., additional, Tomé, A., additional, Vogel, A. L., additional, Volkamer, R., additional, Wagner, A. C., additional, Wagner, R., additional, Wexler, A. S., additional, Williamson, C., additional, Winkler, P. M., additional, Yan, C., additional, Amorim, A., additional, Dommen, J., additional, Curtius, J., additional, Gallagher, M. W., additional, Flagan, R. C., additional, Hansel, A., additional, Kirkby, J., additional, Kulmala, M., additional, Möhler, O., additional, Stratmann, F., additional, Worsnop, D. R., additional, and Baltensperger, U., additional

Published
2016
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13. Heterogeneous ice nucleation of viscous secondary organic aerosol produced from ozonolysis of α-pinene

Author

Ignatius, K., primary, Kristensen, T. B., additional, Järvinen, E., additional, Nichman, L., additional, Fuchs, C., additional, Gordon, H., additional, Herenz, P., additional, Hoyle, C. R., additional, Duplissy, J., additional, Garimella, S., additional, Dias, A., additional, Frege, C., additional, Höppel, N., additional, Tröstl, J., additional, Wagner, R., additional, Yan, C., additional, Amorim, A., additional, Baltensperger, U., additional, Curtius, J., additional, Donahue, N. M., additional, Gallagher, M. W., additional, Kirkby, J., additional, Kulmala, M., additional, Möhler, O., additional, Saathoff, H., additional, Schnaiter, M., additional, Tomé, A., additional, Virtanen, A., additional, Worsnop, D., additional, and Stratmann, F., additional

Published
2015
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15. Aqueous phase oxidation of sulphur dioxide by ozone in cloud droplets

Author

Hoyle, C. R., primary, Fuchs, C., additional, Järvinen, E., additional, Saathoff, H., additional, Dias, A., additional, El Haddad, I., additional, Gysel, M., additional, Coburn, S. C., additional, Tröstl, J., additional, Bernhammer, A.-K., additional, Bianchi, F., additional, Breitenlechner, M., additional, Corbin, J. C., additional, Craven, J., additional, Donahue, N. M., additional, Duplissy, J., additional, Ehrhart, S., additional, Frege, C., additional, Gordon, H., additional, Höppel, N., additional, Heinritzi, M., additional, Kristensen, T. B., additional, Molteni, U., additional, Nichman, L., additional, Pinterich, T., additional, Prévôt, A. S. H., additional, Simon, M., additional, Slowik, J. G., additional, Steiner, G., additional, Tomé, A., additional, Vogel, A. L., additional, Volkamer, R., additional, Wagner, A. C., additional, Wagner, R., additional, Wexler, A. S., additional, Williamson, C., additional, Winkler, P. M., additional, Yan, C., additional, Amorim, A., additional, Dommen, J., additional, Curtius, J., additional, Gallagher, M. W., additional, Flagan, R. C., additional, Hansel, A., additional, Kirkby, J., additional, Kulmala, M., additional, Möhler, O., additional, Stratmann, F., additional, Worsnop, D., additional, and Baltensperger, U., additional

Published
2015
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16. Discrimination of water, ice and aerosols by light polarisation in the CLOUD experiment

Author

Nichman, L., primary, Fuchs, C., additional, Järvinen, E., additional, Ignatius, K., additional, Höppel, N. F., additional, Dias, A., additional, Heinritzi, M., additional, Simon, M., additional, Tröstl, J., additional, Wagner, A. C., additional, Wagner, R., additional, Williamson, C., additional, Yan, C., additional, Bianchi, F., additional, Connolly, P. J., additional, Dorsey, J. R., additional, Duplissy, J., additional, Ehrhart, S., additional, Frege, C., additional, Gordon, H., additional, Hoyle, C. R., additional, Kristensen, T. B., additional, Steiner, G., additional, Donahue, N. M., additional, Flagan, R., additional, Gallagher, M. W., additional, Kirkby, J., additional, Möhler, O., additional, Saathoff, H., additional, Schnaiter, M., additional, Stratmann, F., additional, and Tomé, A., additional

Published
2015
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17. Supplementary material to "Discrimination of water, ice and aerosols by light polarisation in the CLOUD experiment"

Author

Nichman, L., primary, Fuchs, C., additional, Järvinen, E., additional, Ignatius, K., additional, Höppel, N. F., additional, Dias, A., additional, Heinritzi, M., additional, Simon, M., additional, Tröstl, J., additional, Wagner, A. C., additional, Wagner, R., additional, Williamson, C., additional, Yan, C., additional, Bianchi, F., additional, Connolly, P. J., additional, Dorsey, J. R., additional, Duplissy, J., additional, Ehrhart, S., additional, Frege, C., additional, Gordon, H., additional, Hoyle, C. R., additional, Kristensen, T. B., additional, Steiner, G., additional, Donahue, N. M., additional, Flagan, R., additional, Gallagher, M. W., additional, Kirkby, J., additional, Möhler, O., additional, Saathoff, H., additional, Schnaiter, M., additional, Stratmann, F., additional, and Tomé, A., additional

Published
2015
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18. Observation of viscosity transition in α-pinene secondary organic aerosol

Author

Järvinen, E., primary, Ignatius, K., additional, Nichman, L., additional, Kristensen, T. B., additional, Fuchs, C., additional, Höppel, N., additional, Corbin, J. C., additional, Craven, J., additional, Duplissy, J., additional, Ehrhart, S., additional, El Haddad, I., additional, Frege, C., additional, Gates, S. J., additional, Gordon, H., additional, Hoyle, C. R., additional, Jokinen, T., additional, Kallinger, P., additional, Kirkby, J., additional, Kiselev, A., additional, Naumann, K.-H., additional, Petäjä, T., additional, Pinterich, T., additional, Prevot, A. S. H., additional, Saathoff, H., additional, Schiebel, T., additional, Sengupta, K., additional, Simon, M., additional, Tröstl, J., additional, Virtanen, A., additional, Vochezer, P., additional, Vogt, S., additional, Wagner, A. C., additional, Wagner, R., additional, Williamson, C., additional, Winkler, P. M., additional, Yan, C., additional, Baltensperger, U., additional, Donahue, N. M., additional, Flagan, R. C., additional, Gallagher, M., additional, Hansel, A., additional, Kulmala, M., additional, Stratmann, F., additional, Worsnop, D. R., additional, Möhler, O., additional, Leisner, T., additional, and Schnaiter, M., additional

Published
2015
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19. Reconciliation of essential process parameters for an enhanced predictability of Arctic stratospheric ozone loss and its climate interactions

Author

Hobe, M. Von, Bekki, S., Borrmann, S., Cairo, F., D'Amato, F., Di Donfrancesco, G., Dörnbrack, A., Ebersoldt, A., Ebert, M., Emde, C., Engel, I., Ern, M., Frey, W., Genco, S., Griessbach, S., Grooß, J.-U., Gulde, T., Günther, G., Hösen, E., Hoffmann, L., Homonnai, V., Hoyle, C. R., Isaksen, I. S. A., Jackson, D. R., Jánosi, I. M., Jones, R. L., Kandler, K., Kalicinsky, C., Keil, A., Khaykin, S. M., Khosrawi, F., Kivi, R., Kuttippurath, J., Laube, J. C., Lefèvre, F., Lehmann, R., Ludmann, S., Luo, B. P., Marchand, M., Meyer, J., Mitev, V., Molleker, S., Müller, R., Oelhaf, H., Olschewski, F., Orsolini, Y., Peter, T., Pfeilsticker, K., Piesch, C., Pitts, M. C., Poole, L. R., Pope, F. D., Ravegnani, F., Rex, M., Riese, M., Röckmann, T., Rognerud, B., Roiger, A., Rolf, C., Santee, M. L., Scheibe, M., Schiller, C., Schlager, H., Siciliani De Cumis, M., Sitnikov, N., Sovde, O. A., Spang, R., Spelten, N., Stordal, F., Sumi'ska-Ebersoldt, O., Ulanovski, A., Ungermann, J., Viciani, S., Volk, C. M., Vom Scheidt, M., Von Der Gathen, P., Walker, K., Wegner, T., Weigel, R., Weinbruch, S., Wetzel, G., Wienhold, F. G., Wohltmann, I., Woiwode, W., Young, I. A. K., Yushkov, V., Zobrist, B., and Stroh, F.

Subjects
Earth sciences, ddc:550
Published
2013

24. The AeroCom evaluation and intercomparison of organic aerosol in global models

Author

Tsigaridis, K., primary, Daskalakis, N., additional, Kanakidou, M., additional, Adams, P. J., additional, Artaxo, P., additional, Bahadur, R., additional, Balkanski, Y., additional, Bauer, S. E., additional, Bellouin, N., additional, Benedetti, A., additional, Bergman, T., additional, Berntsen, T. K., additional, Beukes, J. P., additional, Bian, H., additional, Carslaw, K. S., additional, Chin, M., additional, Curci, G., additional, Diehl, T., additional, Easter, R. C., additional, Ghan, S. J., additional, Gong, S. L., additional, Hodzic, A., additional, Hoyle, C. R., additional, Iversen, T., additional, Jathar, S., additional, Jimenez, J. L., additional, Kaiser, J. W., additional, Kirkevåg, A., additional, Koch, D., additional, Kokkola, H., additional, Lee, Y. H, additional, Lin, G., additional, Liu, X., additional, Luo, G., additional, Ma, X., additional, Mann, G. W., additional, Mihalopoulos, N., additional, Morcrette, J.-J., additional, Müller, J.-F., additional, Myhre, G., additional, Myriokefalitakis, S., additional, Ng, N. L., additional, O'Donnell, D., additional, Penner, J. E., additional, Pozzoli, L., additional, Pringle, K. J., additional, Russell, L. M., additional, Schulz, M., additional, Sciare, J., additional, Seland, Ø., additional, Shindell, D. T., additional, Sillman, S., additional, Skeie, R. B., additional, Spracklen, D., additional, Stavrakou, T., additional, Steenrod, S. D., additional, Takemura, T., additional, Tiitta, P., additional, Tilmes, S., additional, Tost, H., additional, van Noije, T., additional, van Zyl, P. G., additional, von Salzen, K., additional, Yu, F., additional, Wang, Z., additional, Zaveri, R. A., additional, Zhang, H., additional, Zhang, K., additional, Zhang, Q., additional, and Zhang, X., additional

Published
2014
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26. Present-day contribution of anthropogenic emissions from China to the global burden and radiative forcing of aerosol and ozone

Author

Hoyle, C. R., Myhre, G., and Isaksen, I. S. A.

Subjects
Atmospheric Science
Abstract

The effect of anthropogenic emissions from China on global burdens of ozone, sulphate, organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC) aerosols is examined, using the three-dimensional chemistry transport model Oslo CTM2. Two model simulations were performed, the first with global present-day emissions and the second with the anthropogenic emissions from China set to their pre-industrial levels. The global radiative forcing for these species is then calculated. Industrial emissions from China are found to account for a 4–5% increase in the global burden of OC aerosol, the change in secondary organic aerosol being slightly less than that of primary organic aerosol. A 10% increase in the global sulphate aerosol burden is calculated, and the increase in BC is 23%. The global radiative forcing of aerosols from China was calculated to be −62, −3.7, −13 and 89 mW m-2, for sulphate, secondary organic, primary organic and BC aerosols, respectively. The increase in ozone causes a forcing of 77 mW m-2.DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2009.00424.x

Published
2009

27. Secondary organic aerosol in the global aerosol ? chemical transport model Oslo CTM2

Author

Hoyle, C. R., Berntsen, T., Myhre, G., Isaksen, I.S.A., Department of Geosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), and EGU, Publication

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, behavioral disciplines and activities
Abstract

International audience; The global chemical transport model Oslo CTM2 has been extended to include the formation, transport and deposition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Precursor hydrocarbons which are oxidised to form condensible species include both biogenic species such as terpenes and isoprene, as well as species emitted predominantly by anthropogenic activities (toluene, m-xylene, methylbenzene and other aromatics). A model simulation for 2004 gives an annual global SOA production of approximately 55 Tg. Of this total, 2.5 Tg is found to consist of the oxidation products of anthropogenically emitted hydrocarbons, and about 15 Tg is formed by the oxidation products of isoprene. The global production of SOA is increased to about 69 Tg yr?1 by allowing semi-volatile species to partition to ammonium sulphate aerosol. This brings modelled organic aerosol values closer to those observed, however observations in Europe remain significantly underestimated. Allowing SOA to partition into ammonium sulphate aerosol increases the contribution of anthropogenic SOA from about 4.5% to 9.4% of the total production. Total modelled organic aerosol (OA) values are found to represent a lower fraction of the measured values in winter (when primary organic aerosol (POA) is the dominant OA component) than in summer, which may be an indication that estimates of POA emissions are too low. Additionally, for measurement stations where the summer OA values are higher than in winter, the model generally underestimates the increase in summertime OA. In order to correctly model the observed increase in OA in summer, additional SOA sources or formation mechanisms may be necessary. The importance of NO3 as an oxidant of SOA precursors is found to vary regionally, causing up to 50%?60% of the total amount of SOA near the surface in polluted regions and less than 25% in more remote areas, if the yield of condensible oxidation products for ?-pinene is used for NO3 oxidation of all terpenes. Reducing the yield for ?-pinene and limonene oxidation in line with recent measurements reduces the global fraction of SOA formed from NO3 oxidation products from 27% to about 21%. This study underscores the need for SOA to be represented in a more realistic way in global aerosol models in order to better reproduce observations of organic aerosol burdens in industrialised and biomass burning regions.

Published
2007

29. Supplementary material to "The AeroCom evaluation and intercomparison of organic aerosol in global models"

Author

Tsigaridis, K., primary, Daskalakis, N., additional, Kanakidou, M., additional, Adams, P. J., additional, Artaxo, P., additional, Bahadur, R., additional, Balkanski, Y., additional, Bauer, S. E., additional, Bellouin, N., additional, Benedetti, A., additional, Bergman, T., additional, Berntsen, T. K., additional, Beukes, J. P., additional, Bian, H., additional, Carslaw, K. S., additional, Chin, M., additional, Curci, G., additional, Diehl, T., additional, Easter, R. C., additional, Ghan, S. J., additional, Gong, S. L., additional, Hodzic, A., additional, Hoyle, C. R., additional, Iversen, T., additional, Jathar, S., additional, Jimenez, J. L., additional, Kaiser, J. W., additional, Kirkevåg, A., additional, Koch, D., additional, Kokkola, H., additional, Lee, Y. H., additional, Lin, G., additional, Liu, X., additional, Luo, G., additional, Ma, X., additional, Mann, G. W., additional, Mihalopoulos, N., additional, Morcrette, J.-J., additional, Müller, J.-F., additional, Myhre, G., additional, Myriokefalitakis, S., additional, Ng, S., additional, O'Donnell, D., additional, Penner, J. E., additional, Pozzoli, L., additional, Pringle, K. J., additional, Russell, L. M., additional, Schulz, M., additional, Sciare, J., additional, Seland, Ø., additional, Shindell, D. T., additional, Sillman, S., additional, Skeie, R. B., additional, Spracklen, D., additional, Stavrakou, T., additional, Steenrod, S. D., additional, Takemura, T., additional, Tiitta, P., additional, Tilmes, S., additional, Tost, H., additional, van Noije, T., additional, van Zyl, P. G., additional, von Salzen, K., additional, Yu, F., additional, Wang, Z., additional, Zaveri, R. A., additional, Zhang, H., additional, Zhang, K., additional, Zhang, Q., additional, and Zhang, X., additional

Published
2014
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31. Nitric acid trihydrate nucleation and denitrification in the Arctic stratosphere

Author

Grooß, J.-U., primary, Engel, I., additional, Borrmann, S., additional, Frey, W., additional, Günther, G., additional, Hoyle, C. R., additional, Kivi, R., additional, Luo, B. P., additional, Molleker, S., additional, Peter, T., additional, Pitts, M. C., additional, Schlager, H., additional, Stiller, G., additional, Vömel, H., additional, Walker, K. A., additional, and Müller, R., additional

Published
2014
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35. Reconciliation of essential process parameters for an enhanced predictability of Arctic stratospheric ozone loss and its climate interactions (RECONCILE): activities and results

Author

von Hobe, M., primary, Bekki, S., additional, Borrmann, S., additional, Cairo, F., additional, D'Amato, F., additional, Di Donfrancesco, G., additional, Dörnbrack, A., additional, Ebersoldt, A., additional, Ebert, M., additional, Emde, C., additional, Engel, I., additional, Ern, M., additional, Frey, W., additional, Genco, S., additional, Griessbach, S., additional, Grooß, J.-U., additional, Gulde, T., additional, Günther, G., additional, Hösen, E., additional, Hoffmann, L., additional, Homonnai, V., additional, Hoyle, C. R., additional, Isaksen, I. S. A., additional, Jackson, D. R., additional, Jánosi, I. M., additional, Jones, R. L., additional, Kandler, K., additional, Kalicinsky, C., additional, Keil, A., additional, Khaykin, S. M., additional, Khosrawi, F., additional, Kivi, R., additional, Kuttippurath, J., additional, Laube, J. C., additional, Lefèvre, F., additional, Lehmann, R., additional, Ludmann, S., additional, Luo, B. P., additional, Marchand, M., additional, Meyer, J., additional, Mitev, V., additional, Molleker, S., additional, Müller, R., additional, Oelhaf, H., additional, Olschewski, F., additional, Orsolini, Y., additional, Peter, T., additional, Pfeilsticker, K., additional, Piesch, C., additional, Pitts, M. C., additional, Poole, L. R., additional, Pope, F. D., additional, Ravegnani, F., additional, Rex, M., additional, Riese, M., additional, Röckmann, T., additional, Rognerud, B., additional, Roiger, A., additional, Rolf, C., additional, Santee, M. L., additional, Scheibe, M., additional, Schiller, C., additional, Schlager, H., additional, Siciliani de Cumis, M., additional, Sitnikov, N., additional, Søvde, O. A., additional, Spang, R., additional, Spelten, N., additional, Stordal, F., additional, Sumińska-Ebersoldt, O., additional, Ulanovski, A., additional, Ungermann, J., additional, Viciani, S., additional, Volk, C. M., additional, vom Scheidt, M., additional, von der Gathen, P., additional, Walker, K., additional, Wegner, T., additional, Weigel, R., additional, Weinbruch, S., additional, Wetzel, G., additional, Wienhold, F. G., additional, Wohltmann, I., additional, Woiwode, W., additional, Young, I. A. K., additional, Yushkov, V., additional, Zobrist, B., additional, and Stroh, F., additional

Published
2013
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36. NAT nucleation and denitrification in the Arctic stratosphere

Author

Grooß, J.-U., primary, Engel, I., additional, Borrmann, S., additional, Frey, W., additional, Günther, G., additional, Hoyle, C. R., additional, Kivi, R., additional, Luo, B. P., additional, Molleker, S., additional, Peter, T., additional, Pitts, M. C., additional, Schlager, H., additional, Stiller, G., additional, Vömel, H., additional, Walker, K. A., additional, and Müller, R., additional

Published
2013
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41. Heterogeneous ice nucleation of viscous secondary organic aerosol produced from ozonolysis of α-pinene.

Author

Ignatius, K., Kristensen, T. B., Järvinen, E., Nichman, L., Fuchs, C., Gordon, H., Herenz, P., Hoyle, C. R., Duplissy, J., Garimella, S., Dias, A., Frege, C., Höppel, N., Tröstl, J., Wagner, R., Yan, C., Amorim, A., Baltensperger, U., Curtius, J., and Donahue, N. M.

Abstract

There are strong indications that particles containing secondary organic aerosol (SOA) exhibit amorphous solid or semi-solid phase states in the atmosphere. This may facilitate deposition ice nucleation and thus influence cirrus cloud properties. However, experimental ice nucleation studies of biogenic SOA are scarce. Here, we investigated the ice nucleation ability of viscous SOA particles. The SOA particles were produced from the ozone initiated oxidation of a-pinene in an aerosol chamber at temperatures in the range from -38 to -10 °C at 5-15 % relative humidity with respect to water to ensure their formation in a highly viscous phase state, i.e. semi-solid or glassy. The ice nucleation ability of SOA particles with different sizes was investigated with a new continuous flow diffusion chamber. For the first time, we observed heterogeneous ice nucleation of viscous a-pinene SOA in the deposition mode for ice saturation ratios between 1.3 and 1.4 significantly below the homogeneous freezing limit. The maximum frozen fractions found at temperatures between -36.5 and -38.3 °C ranged from 6 to 20 % and did not depend on the particle surface area. Global modelling of monoterpene SOA particles suggests that viscous biogenic SOA particles are indeed present in regions where cirrus cloud formation takes place. Hence, they could make up an important contribution to the global ice nuclei (IN) budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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42. Aqueous phase oxidation of sulphur dioxide by ozone in cloud droplets.

Author

Hoyle, C. R., Fuchs, C., Järvinen, E., Saathoff, H., Dias, A., El Haddad, I., Gysel, M., Coburn, S. C., Tröstl, J., Bernhammer, A. -K., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Corbin, J. C., Craven, J., Donahue, N. M., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Frege, C., Gordon, H., and Höppel, N.

Abstract

The growth of aerosol due to the aqueous phase oxidation of SO2 by O3 was measured in laboratory generated clouds created in the CLOUD chamber at CERN. Experiments were performed at 10 and 10°C, on acidic (sulphuric acid) and on partially to fully neutralised (ammonium sulphate) seed aerosol. Clouds were generated by performing an adiabatic expansion pressurising the chamber to 220 hPa above atmospheric pressure, and then rapidly releasing the excess pressure, resulting in a cooling, condensation of water on the aerosol and a cloud lifetime of approximately 6 min. A model was developed to compare the observed aerosol growth with that predicted by oxidation rates previously measured in bulk solutions. The model captured the measured aerosol growth very well for experiments performed at 10 and 10°C, indicating that, in contrast to some previous studies, the oxidation rates of SO2 in a dispersed aqueous system are well represented by accepted rates, based on bulk measurements. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first laboratory based measurements of aqueous phase oxidation in a dispersed, super-cooled population of droplets. The measurements are therefore important in confirming that the extrapolation of currently accepted reaction rates to temperatures below 0 °C is correct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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43. Observation of viscosity transition in α-pinene secondary organic aerosol.

Author

Järvinen, E., Ignatius, K., Nichman, L., Kristensen, T. B., Fuchs, C., Höppel, N., Corbin, J. C., Craven, J., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., El Haddad, I., Frege, C., Gates, S. J., Gordon, H., Hoyle, C. R., Jokinen, T., Kallinger, P., Kirkby, J., Kiselev, A., and Naumann, K.-H.

Abstract

Under certain conditions, secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles can exist in the atmosphere in an amorphous solid or semi-solid state. To determine their relevance to processes such as ice nucleation or chemistry occurring within particles requires knowledge of the temperature and relative humidity (RH) range for SOA to exist in these states. In the CLOUD experiment at CERN, we deployed a new in-situ optical method to detect the viscosity of α-pinene SOA particles and measured their transition from the amorphous viscous to liquid state. The method is based on the depolarising properties of laboratory-produced non-spherical SOA particles and their transformation to non-depolarising spherical liquid particles during deliquescence. We found that particles formed and grown in the chamber developed an asymmetric shape through coagulation. A transition to spherical shape was observed as the RH was increased to between 35% at -10 °C and 80% at -38 °C, confirming previous calculations of the viscosity transition conditions. Consequently, α-pinene SOA particles exist in a viscous state over a wide range of ambient conditions, including the cirrus region of the free troposphere. This has implications for the physical, chemical and ice-nucleation properties of SOA and SOA-coated particles in the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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44. Reconciliation of essential process parameters for an enhanced predictability of Arctic stratospheric ozone loss and its climate interactions

Author

von Hobe, M., primary, Bekki, S., additional, Borrmann, S., additional, Cairo, F., additional, D'Amato, F., additional, Di Donfrancesco, G., additional, Dörnbrack, A., additional, Ebersoldt, A., additional, Ebert, M., additional, Emde, C., additional, Engel, I., additional, Ern, M., additional, Frey, W., additional, Griessbach, S., additional, Grooß, J.-U., additional, Gulde, T., additional, Günther, G., additional, Hösen, E., additional, Hoffmann, L., additional, Homonnai, V., additional, Hoyle, C. R., additional, Isaksen, I. S. A., additional, Jackson, D. R., additional, Jánosi, I. M., additional, Kandler, K., additional, Kalicinsky, C., additional, Keil, A., additional, Khaykin, S. M., additional, Khosrawi, F., additional, Kivi, R., additional, Kuttippurath, J., additional, Laube, J. C., additional, Lefèvre, F., additional, Lehmann, R., additional, Ludmann, S., additional, Luo, B. P., additional, Marchand, M., additional, Meyer, J., additional, Mitev, V., additional, Molleker, S., additional, Müller, R., additional, Oelhaf, H., additional, Olschewski, F., additional, Orsolini, Y., additional, Peter, T., additional, Pfeilsticker, K., additional, Piesch, C., additional, Pitts, M. C., additional, Poole, L. R., additional, Pope, F. D., additional, Ravegnani, F., additional, Rex, M., additional, Riese, M., additional, Röckmann, T., additional, Rognerud, B., additional, Roiger, A., additional, Rolf, C., additional, Santee, M. L., additional, Scheibe, M., additional, Schiller, C., additional, Schlager, H., additional, Siciliani de Cumis, M., additional, Sitnikov, N., additional, Søvde, O. A., additional, Spang, R., additional, Spelten, N., additional, Stordal, F., additional, Sumińska-Ebersoldt, O., additional, Viciani, S., additional, Volk, C. M., additional, vom Scheidt, M., additional, Ulanovski, A., additional, von der Gathen, P., additional, Walker, K., additional, Wegner, T., additional, Weigel, R., additional, Weinbuch, S., additional, Wetzel, G., additional, Wienhold, F. G., additional, Wintel, J., additional, Wohltmann, I., additional, Woiwode, W., additional, Young, I. A. K., additional, Yushkov, V., additional, Zobrist, B., additional, and Stroh, F., additional

Published
2012
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49. Ice nucleation properties of volcanic ash from Eyjafjallajökull

Author

Hoyle, C. R., primary, Pinti, V., additional, Welti, A., additional, Zobrist, B., additional, Marcolli, C., additional, Luo, B., additional, Höskuldsson, Á., additional, Mattsson, H. B., additional, Stetzer, O., additional, Thorsteinsson, T., additional, Larsen, G., additional, and Peter, T., additional

Published
2011
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