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N-acyl hydrazone (NAH) is recognized as a promising framework in drug design due to its versatility, straightforward synthesis, and attractive range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antitumoral, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the global context of increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics, NAHs represent potential solutions for developing improved treatment alternatives. Therefore, this research introduces six novel derivatives of (EZ)-N'-benzylidene-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanehydrazide, synthesized using a microwave-assisted method. In more detail, we joined two pharmacophore fragments in a single molecule, represented by an NSAID-type carprofen structure and a hydrazone-type structure, obtaining a new series of NSAID-N-acyl hydrazone derivatives that were further characterized spectrally using FT-IR, NMR, and HRMS investigations. Additionally, the substances were assessed for their tuberculostatic activity by examining their impact on four strains of M. tuberculosis, including two susceptible to rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), one susceptible to RIF and resistant to INH, and one resistant to both RIF and INH. The results of our research highlight the potential of the prepared compounds in fighting against antibiotic-resistant M. tuberculosis strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant-derived essential oils are natural sources of antimicrobial and pharmaceutical agents besides their broad spectrum of use in the cosmetic, food, and perfume industries. The essential oil from the flowers of P. odorifer was extracted using the hydro distillation method. The major compound from the essential oil was identified by high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) analysis the identified phytochemicals include p-benzoquinone, 2-phenethyl alcohol, p-cymene, 2-phenethyl methyl either alpha-Terpineol, Psoralen, Isoplumbagin, Genipin, Artemidiol, Pinocembrin, (-)-Glycinol and, Iprobenfos. Two of its major phytochemicals,2-phenethyl methyl ether (PEME) and alpha-terpineol identified through HRMS were procured from Sigma-Aldrich. The antimicrobial properties of the PEME, essential oil, and terpineol was determined using agar well diffusion and micro broth dilution method against four clinically isolated multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Acinetobacter baumanni, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PEME and alpha-terpineol exhibited significant antibacterial activity against all the isolated pathogenic MDR bacteria. No pathological abnormalities were noticed even if it was provided at the highest treatment dose of 800 mg/kg body weight. Further In silico study of molecular interaction analyses have been performed for the proteins Extracellular Adhesion Protein (EAP), Protein A, and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST) of Staphylococcus aureus with the ligand 2-methoxyethyl benzene which shows better interaction with the target. This study validated the robust antibacterial activity of the essential oil of P. odorifer against both gram-positive and negative bacteria. Further, it is validated that the antibacterial activity was mainly because of the presence of two major phytochemicals, PEME and terpineol identified by HRMS analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-acyl hydrazone (NAH) is recognized as a promising framework in drug design due to its versatility, straightforward synthesis, and attractive range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antitumoral, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the global context of increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics, NAHs represent potential solutions for developing improved treatment alternatives. Therefore, this research introduces six novel derivatives of (EZ)-N’-benzylidene-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanehydrazide, synthesized using a microwave-assisted method. In more detail, we joined two pharmacophore fragments in a single molecule, represented by an NSAID-type carprofen structure and a hydrazone-type structure, obtaining a new series of NSAID-N-acyl hydrazone derivatives that were further characterized spectrally using FT-IR, NMR, and HRMS investigations. Additionally, the substances were assessed for their tuberculostatic activity by examining their impact on four strains of M. tuberculosis, including two susceptible to rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), one susceptible to RIF and resistant to INH, and one resistant to both RIF and INH. The results of our research highlight the potential of the prepared compounds in fighting against antibiotic-resistant M. tuberculosis strains.

Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and virgin olive oil (VOO) are valuable natural products of great economic interest for their producing countries, and therefore, it is necessary to establish methods capable of proving the authenticity of these oils on the market. This work presents a methodology for the discrimination of olive oil and extra-virgin olive oil from other vegetable oils based on targeted and untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) profiling of phenolic and triterpenic compounds coupled with multivariate statistical analysis of the data. Some phenolic compounds (cinnamic acid, coumaric acids, apigenin, pinocembrin, hydroxytyrosol and maslinic acid), secoiridoids (elenolic acid, ligstroside and oleocanthal) and lignans (pinoresinol and hydroxy and acetoxy derivatives) could be olive oil biomarkers, whereby these compounds are quantified in higher amounts in EVOO compared to other vegetable oils. The principal component analysis (PCA) performed based on the targeted compounds from the oil samples confirmed that cinnamic acid, coumaric acids, apigenin, pinocembrin, hydroxytyrosol and maslinic acid could be considered as tracers for olive oils authentication. The heat map profiles based on the untargeted HRMS data indicate a clear discrimination of the olive oils from the other vegetable oils. The proposed methodology could be extended to the authentication and classification of EVOOs depending on the variety, geographical origin, or adulteration practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project aimed to apply eco-friendly extraction methods to Crocus sativus L. by-product (flowers without stigmas i.e., tepals composed of petals and sepals) to recover extracts with high antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content, to be used in cosmetic products. Flowers grown in two different Italian regions (Sample 1—Alba in Piemonte, north of Italy and Sample 2—Sibillini in Marche, centre of Italy) were subjected for the first time to different eco-friendly microwave-mediated green solvents extractions (MGSE) andquali-quantitative determination in antioxidant molecules. Firstly, the extracts from Sample 1 were selected according to their total phenol content (TPC) by Folin–Ciocalteu’s assay and antioxidant capacity (AC) by spectrophotometric assays. Then, according to preliminary results, MGSE carried out in ethanol 70°, water, and glycerin were selected as the most performing methods and applied to both Samples 1 and 2. The best results were obtained using green solvents, such as water or ethanol 70°, for the samples coming from Marche. The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds, belonging to anthocyanins and flavonols classes, was performed by using UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. Concerning flavonols content, the most abundant analyte is kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside and the extract in water from Sample 1 showed the higher amount of flavonols, reaching the concentration of 25.35 mg of kaempferol 3-O-glucoside equivalent per gram of tepals DW of raw material. Among anthocyanins, the most abundant was delphinidin 3,5-O-diglucoside and the high concentration of anthocyanin was detected in water and ethanol extract. Two new compounds, myricetin-di-glucoside and primflasine, were identified for the first time in Crocus sativus L. by-product by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The green batches obtained by extraction were thus characterized and evaluated for their biological potential and safety in keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The extracts were not cytotoxic up to 0.03 mg/mL. The water and ethanol 70° extracts were the most effective in counteracting oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and UVA exposure and reduced cytotoxicity induced by UVB exposure. The water extract was also able to significantly reduce cytotoxicity induced by sodium dodecyl sulphate-induced damage. Taken together, these results suggest a potential use of these waste materials as cosmeceutical preparations such as antiaging, and as anti-skin irritation formulation by-products.

Abstract: Herein, we report the synthesis of a new composite catalyst immobilized on bentonite surface (BiOCl–ZnO–Bent). The samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, photoluminescence, and Diffuse Reflectance Spectra (UV‐Vis DRS) analyses. BiOCl were observed as nanosheets, whereas ZnO particles were nearly spherical (SEM images). Bentonite clay was used to increase the surface area of the samples. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of Bi/Zn/Bent (50%) catalyst was lower than that of the ZnO–Bent and BiOCl–Bent. The prepared photocatalyst decomposed 10 mg L−1 of 3‐chlorophenol (3‐CP) within 180 min under UV light. Bi/Zn/Bent (50%) catalyst showed the highest photocatalytic activity. A proposed degradation mechanism for Bi/Zn/Bent (50%) composite is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Two new acylated drimane glucosides have been isolated from Petrorhagia saxifraga. [•] Structures were elucidated by 2D NMR and Q-TOF HRMS2 analyses. [•] Drimane glucosides could represent a chemotaxonomic marker for Petrorhagia genus. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]