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Glycogen, a polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules linked by α-1,4-glycosidic and α-1,6- glycosidic bonds, is one of the primary energy storage forms in human body. Glycogen is primarily stored in the liver (as liver glycogen) and skeletal muscles (as muscle glycogen), with smaller amounts present in tissues such as myocardium, kidneys, and brain. When the body requires energy, liver glycogen can be broken down into glucose, which is then utilized by various tissues and organs. During exercise, muscle glycogen is consumed by skeletal muscles to meet the energy demands of the muscles. Beyond its crucial roles in maintaining blood glucose levels and providing energy, recent research has revealed that glycogen metabolism also regulates biological processes such as cell differentiation, signal transduction, and redox reactions. This review focuses on the latest research advancements in the regulatory mechanisms of glycogen metabolism in metabolic diseases, tumors, and immune cell responses, highlighting new regulatory modes and mechanisms.

This paper first investigates the hierarchical structure of multiple data chains and classifies the data chain structure into the application layer, transport layer, physical layer, etc., according to the role classification. Then, the communication of multi-data chain network points is explored, and the forwarding paths between different data chain nodes are planned according to the types of data chains. The data chain messages are planned using the time slot evaluation algorithm, and the practical teaching platform for multi-data chain network thinking is constructed. Finally, the effectiveness of the practical teaching of Civics was evaluated in terms of practical ability, practical literacy, and student performance. The study showed that the significance test of the difference between the post-test of the Civics performance of the two classes was 0.001, which was less than 0.05. Under the dimension of science literacy, the mean value of the Civics practice pre-test was 6.75, and the mean value of the post-test was 7.55, with a difference of 0.4. The quality and efficiency of civics education were significantly improved by teaching civics practice.

The scattering matrix is the mathematical representation of the scattering characteristics of any scatterer. Nevertheless, except for scatterers with high symmetry like spheres or cylinders, the scattering matrix does not have any analytical forms and thus can only be calculated numerically, which requires heavy computation. Here, we have developed a well-trained deep neural network (DNN) that can calculate the scattering matrix of scatterers without symmetry at a speed thousands of times faster than that of finite element solvers. Interestingly, the scattering matrix obtained from the DNN inherently satisfies the fundamental physical principles, including energy conservation, time reversal and reciprocity. Moreover, inverse design based on the DNN is made possible by applying the gradient descent algorithm. Finally, we demonstrate an application of the DNN, which is to design scatterers with desired scattering properties under special conditions. Our work proposes a convenient solution of deep learning for scattering problems.

Structural strength is a key concern in fighter′s design and development. Fatigue strength of an aircraft determines important indicators such as safety, durability and reliability of the aircraft. Full-aircraft fatigue test is an important method to verify whether the fatigue strength of aircraft structure meets the design requirements. This paper introduces the development history and current situation of the full-aircraft fatigue test technology at home and abroad, comprehensively analyzes the full-aircraft fatigue test technology in our country, and summarizes the important technical achievements of the full-aircraft fatigue test of a new type of fighter, including aspects of test load spectrum, load, boundary simulation, power system, data processing, damage detection, health monitoring, and so on. In this paper, the development plan and suggestions of the whole aircraft fatigue test technology are given. This research can provide important technical support for other aircraft fatigue tests.

Since SiCf/SiC composite is typical heterogeneous and anisotropic material,the metal material quality evaluation system is not fully applicable.There is an urgent need to establish a suitable surface quality evaluation method.Combined with the ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling-grinding test,comparing the stability of the 2D roughness Ra and 3D roughness Sa of the milling-grinding surface,and exploring the influence of the size of the Sa measurement area on the measurement results.Combined with the macroscopic,microscopic and 3D morphology,analyzing and studying the experimental results.Based on the area ratio of the more obvious areas with the appearance of pits on the milling-grinding surface,the analysis and research on the surface quality are carried out.The results show that Sa is more suitable as the characteristic parameter of milling-grinding surface roughness of SiCf/SiC composites.And the minimum measurement area size of Sa is 7 mm×7 mm.Based on roughness analysis,the milling-grinding surface quality can be further evaluated by combining macroscopic,microscopic and 3D topography.Using the area ratio of obvious pits on the surface,the quantitative analysis of the area,which is of a great influence on the surface quality,is basically realized.

In the Wuxia section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, it is found that there are many deformation signs of sliding-bending along the bedding bank slope, and the cyclic fluctuation of reservoir water worsens the deterioration and instability of the bank leading edge. Taking Qingshi #6 slope in the Wuxia section as an example, an laboratory generalized model is constructed to study the catastrophe mechanism of bedding limestone bank slope under the deterioration of rock mass in hydro-fluctuation belt. The research shows that: the bank slope is in a stable state as a whole for a long time before impoundment. After impoundment, with the deterioration aggravation of rock mass, the bank slope deformation intensifies until buckling failure. The deterioration of rock mass shortens the instability process of ‘deterioration-buckling’. Kinematic analysis shows that the peak velocity of the same rock stratum is similar during buckling failure. The movement characteristics of the rear part of the ‘buckling point’ of rock mass are relatively consistent, but the front part is relatively discrete. The buckling failure is the turning point and apex of bank slope energy release. Both displacement and stress show signs of premature failure after gradually increasing with deterioration evolution. The stress produces ‘concentration-release’ around the buckling failure. On the whole, the stress variation is earlier than the displacement variation, indicating that the stress monitoring is more effective. The core of stress monitoring is to determine the ‘key section’. For the ‘deterioration-buckling’ bank slope, the sharp increase of stress at the ‘deflection section’ of the front edge can be an important characterization of the critical instability of the bank slope. The trailing edge pushing always exists in the evolution process of ‘deterioration buckling’, which is the premise of bank slope catastrophe failure. However, the dominant factor of bank slope instability is the continuous deterioration of the rock mass in the hydro-fluctuation belt. The Qingshi #6 slope is currently in the process of evolution toward ‘strong bending uplift’, it may gradually evolve from a stable/basically stable state to an understable state, due to the continuous deterioration of the rock mass in the hydro-fluctuation belt.

The rising energy demands worldwide and difficulty in developing novel clean energy sources have greatly stimulated the exploitation of coalbed methane. Clay minerals are common fractions of coal; thus, understanding their CH4 adsorption capacities and pore structures is vital. In this study, coal, parting, roof, and floor samples were collected from the Yangquan Mining District. The mineral compositions, CH4 adsorption capacities, and pore structures of the samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, the CH4 isothermal adsorption method, and the low-temperature N2 adsorption method, respectively. The results indicated that organic matter had a much higher CH4 adsorption capacity (33.80 cm3/g, 35°C) than that of clay minerals. The CH4 adsorption capacities of various clay minerals are significantly different, with smectite (18.01 cm3/g), kaolinite (5.81 cm3/g), mixed-layer illite-smectite (4.47 cm3/g), and illite (2.08 cm3/g) present in decreasing order. The pore sizes of the samples consisted of sizes

Flotation is an important method for the separation of fine materials.The type of frothers and the stability of the foam significantly affect flotation performance.In this paper, three foaming agents of alcohols (MIBC), esters (DEP) and ether alcohols (DGBE) are selected to investigate the effect of functional groups in frothers on foaming performance and foam stability.Foamscan was used in the experiment to determine the foaming performance and foam stability of the frothers, and the Tracker rheometer was used to determine surface tension and the viscoelastic modulus of the air-liquid interface.Results show that the foaming rate increases linearly with the decrease of surface tension.It reaches its peak/the maximum when the gas-liquid interface adsorbs the foaming agent to saturation, and when the adsorption of the foaming agent on the gas-liquid interface reaches saturation.The foaming rate of MIBC reaches its peak/the maximum and that of DGBE its trough/the minumum.When the concentration of the frother reaches the critical mass fraction, the foaming ability reaches its peak/the maximum, and the critical mass fractions of MIBC, DEP and DGBE are 1.1 %, 0.4 % and 0.8 %.The size of the bubbles decreases with the decrease of the surface tension of the solution, and the order of the average bubble size from large to small is: DGBE>DEP>MIBC.The ether alcohol frothers have the strongest foam stability, while the alcohol frothers have the worst foam stability.The foam is the most stable.when the mass fractions of MIBC, DEP and DGBE are 0.4 %, 0.5 % and 0.8 %.

Introduction: The treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma remains controversial. Central lymph node metastasis is common in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and it is an important consideration in treatment strategy selection. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate clinicopathologic risk factors and thyroid nodule sonographic characteristics for central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 599 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients who underwent surgery from 2005 to 2017 at a single institution. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the clinicopathologic factors and preoperative sonographic features of central lymph node metastasis. A receiver-operating characteristic, ROC curve analysis, was performed to identify the efficacy of ultrasonographic features in predicting central lymph node metastasis. A nomogram based on the risk factors was established to predict central lymph node metastasis. Results: The incidence of central lymph node metastasis was 22.4%. The univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that gender, age, multifocality, extrathyroidal invasion, and lateral lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for central lymph node metastasis. The univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that nodular shape, margin, and calcification were independently associated with central lymph node metastasis. The ROC curve analysis revealed that the combination of shape, margin and calcification had excellent accuracy in predicting central lymph node metastasis. The nomogram was developed based on the identified risk factors for predicting central lymph node metastasis, and the calibration plot analysis indicated the good performance and clinical utility of the nomogram. Conclusions: Central lymph node metastasis is associated with male gender, younger age (

Objective To explore the effect of inhibiting the expression of forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) gene on the proliferation, migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1B. Methods Human endometrial carcinoma cell line HEC-1B was selected as the subject and divided into three groups: blank control group, negative control group and siRNA-FOXM1 group. Real-time qPCR was used to detect the expression of FOXM1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA in cells of each group. CCK8 method was used to detect the proliferation of cells. Cell scratch test to detect the ability of cell migration in each group. Transwell chamber method was performed to detect the invasion ability of cells in each group. The protein expression of VEGF and bFGF were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with HEECs, the expression of FOXM1 mRNA and protein in HEC-1B cells was significantly increased (P＜0.05). The expression of FOXM1 mRNA and protein, proliferation, migration and invasion ability of HEC-1B cells were significantly lower than those of blank control group and negative control group (P＜0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF and bFGF in hec-1b cells were significantly decreased after FOXM1 expression was inhibited (P＜0.05). Conclusions Inhibiting of FOXM1 expression can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of HEC-1B cells, and the mechanism might be related to inhibiting the expression of VEGF and bFGF.

Pseudo threshold pressure gradient (PTPG) is one of the main factors affecting the oil recovery of heterogeneous low-permeability and tight reservoirs. When the pressure gradient between the supply boundary and the bottom hole is less than PTPG, the crude oil in the formation cannot flow. In order to accurately measure the relationship between PTPG and permeability, a novel experimental device has been designed and a series of core flooding experiments using brine and oil have been carried out. The new experimental device eliminates the influence of rubber sleeve in core holder and core end-effect on the results, and greatly improves the accuracy of pressure measurement. The experimental results show the PTPG has a power function relationship with permeability, and has no obvious relationship with the viscosity of the fluid. Based on the equation for PTPG and permeability of crude oil and brine fitted by the experimental data, a new heterogeneous reservoir mathematical model considering PTPG were established. The influence of the coefficient of permeability variation, average permeability, and the production rate on oil recovery factor have been studied by this model. The results clearly show that the coefficient of permeability variation has the greatest influence on oil recovery factor, which represents inhomogeneity in low-permeability and tight reservoirs. Also, when the coefficient of permeability variation is less than a certain value (about 0.2 when average permeability is 1mD, in our model), there is only a slight decline in oil recovery factor, and when coefficient of permeability variation is larger than this value, the oil recovery factor decreases rapidly. The finding is consistent with oil field production and helpful to determine whether to take EOR(enhanced oil recovery) measures for a low-permeability heterogeneous reservoirs.

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC) has been reported to be implicated in chemoresistance. However, the potential mechanism of HULC in paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant ovarian cancer (OC) remains undefined. The expression of RNAs and proteins was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot assay. The PTX resistance and apoptotic rate were assessed via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, the interaction between miR-137 and HULC or integrin beta-8 (ITGB8) was predicted by miRcode and starBase v2.0 and then verified by dual luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. In addition, the xenograft mice model was established to explore the effects of HULC in vivo. HULC was significantly upregulated and miR-137 was downregulated in PTX-resistant OC tissues and cells. Also, the HULC depletion suppressed tumor growth and PTX resistance in PTX-treated mice. miR-137 was verified as a target of HULC and directly targeted ITGB8. And HULC knockdown downregulated ITGB8 expression by targeting miR-137. miR-137 inhibitor or ITGB8 overexpression mitigated the suppressive impacts of HULC knockdown on PTX resistance. Collectively, HULC modulated ITGB8 expression to promote PTX resistance of OC by sponging miR-137.

Background and aimsPortal hypertension (PHT) is common in end-stage cirrhosis, and variceal bleeding is the main complication associated with mortality. Surgery is usually performed in patients with PHT with a high risk of variceal bleeding in China. This study aimed to introduce an individualized and precise total laparoscopic surgical procedure based on 3D remodeling for PHT.MethodsFrom March 2013 to December 2018, 146 patients with cirrhotic PHT underwent a laparoscopic surgical procedure in our department. An individualized 3D remodeling evaluation was carried out for surgical planning.ResultsThe operation time was 319.96 ± 91.53 min. Eight of 146 patients were converted to open surgery. Acute portal vein system thrombosis occurred in 10 patients (6.85%). During the first year, 11 patients (8.15%) experienced rebleeding and two (1.48%) died. 18 patients (13.33%) experienced rebleeding and three died, giving a 3-year mortality rate of 3.66%. Compared with preoperatively, the portal vein showed significant postoperative decreases in diameter, flow velocity, and flow amount, while the hepatic artery showed significant postoperative increases in diameter, flow velocity, and flow amount. A 3D liver volume evaluation found that 19 of 21 patients had a significantly increased liver volume postoperatively, and a significantly decreased MELD score.ConclusionThis retrospective study introduced a safe, feasible, and effective individualized surgical procedure. Our results show that this surgical treatment may not only act as an effective symptomatic treatment for PHT to prevent esophageal and gastric hemorrhage, but also as an etiological treatment to increase liver function and long-term survival.

This paper takes the lignite coal sample from Baori Hiller of Inner Mongolia as the research object.Through the coal flotation reverse flotation test and orthogonal test, the surface characteristics and flotation characteristics of lignite were analyzed and studied, and the types, dosages and processes of the lignite flotation were investigated.The results showed that the de-flotation effect of dodecyl amine(DDA)on lignite was better than that of octadecyl amine(ODA)and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB).When the DDA dosage is 1 400 g/t, the reverse flotation efficiency is 6.89 %, the floating tail minimum ash is 11.23 %, the floating tail yield is 84.46 %, and the maximum difference between the floating fine and floating tail ash is 5.25 %. When the dosage of DDA is fixed and the dosage of dextrin is 1 600 g/t, the floating ash is divided into 15.58 %, the floating ash is 10.77 %, and the difference is 4.81 %; The effect of the amount of DDA, dextrin and octanol on the yield of floating tail was not significant, while the effect of DDA on floating tail ash was significant, but the effect of dextrin and octanol on floating tail ash was not significant.For lignite, continuous low-floating(10.20 %)and high recovery(up to 70 %)of clean coal can be obtained by successive multiple reverse flotation processes.Amine collectors have a good collection effect on minerals such as quartz, silicate and carbonate in lignite due to their physical adsorption and complex adsorption.In the pulp, the hydrogen atoms in the dextrin interact with a large number of strongly electronegative atoms such as oxygen and nitrogen present on the surface of the lignite to form a strong hydrogen bond, thereby forming a hydrophilic film on the surface of the coal particles, so that the coal particles become hydrophilic and suppressed.

Cervical cancer (CC) is a huge threat to the health of women worldwide. Long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 gene (PVT1) was proved to be associated with the development of diverse human cancers, including CC. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of PVT1 in CC progression remains unclear. Levels of PVT1, microRNA-503 (miR-503), and ADP ribosylation factor-like protein 2 (ARL2) were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or western blot assay. 3-(4,5)-Dimethylthiazole-2-y1)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry were used to examine cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. For migration and invasion detection, transwell assay was performed. The interaction between miR-503 and PVT1 or ARL2 was shown by dual luciferase reporter assay. A nude mouse model was constructed to clarify the role of PVT1 in vivo. PVT1 and ARL2 expressions were increased, whereas miR-503 expression was decreased in CC tissues and cells. PVT1 was a sponge of miR-503, and miR-503 targeted ARL2. PVT1 knockdown suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of CC cells, which could be largely reverted by miR-503 inhibitor. In addition, upregulated ARL2 could attenuate si-PVT1-mediated anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis effects on CC cells. Silenced PVT1 also inhibited CC tumor growth in vivo. PVT1 knockdown exerted tumor suppressor role in CC progression via the miR-503/ARL2 axis, at least in part.

Based on the deep dephosphorization process of molten steel out of converter, the various dephosphorization agents for secondary dephosphorization were investigated by laboratory scale experiments.The initial phosphorus content in steel and the amount of dephosphorizing agent added into the tube furnace were firstly determined.And then, the compositions of the Ca O-based and Ba O-based dephosphorization agent were investigated, respectively.The results shows that the best ratio of Ca O-based dephosphorizing agent is w (Ca O) ∶w (Ca F2) ∶w (Fe O) = (65-70) ∶ (15-20) ∶ (10-20) , the best ratio of Ba O-based dephosphorizing agent with Fe O is w (Ba O) ∶w (Ca O) ∶w (Ca F2) ∶w (Fe O) = (10-20) ∶ (55-65) ∶15∶10 and the best ratio of Ba O-based dephosphorizing agent without Fe O is w (Ba O) ∶w (Ca O) ∶w (Ca F2) = (30-40) ∶ (55-65) ∶ (15-20) .

In this paper, coal-based porous carbon material with different specific surface area and pore size distribution was obtained by adjusting the proportion of KOH to coal based on Taixi anthracite.When the ratio of KOH to coal is 5:1 at the temperature of 800℃ for activation of 2 h, the obtained material has the highest specific surface area and pore volume(3 275 m2/g, 1.62 cm3/g).The adsorption amount of carbon dioxide at 0℃ and 100 kPa was 23.71%.The material is doped with nitrogen by using urea as a nitrogen source.Compound material was prepared through oxidation-reduction reaction on the carbon material loaded with manganese, which is used for a negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery.It exhibits good stability in charge-discharge cycles.The nitrogen and manganese dioxide are helpful to improve the specific capacitance of the material.

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic trace element that can enter the environment with industrial waste and accumulate in the body but the health effects of Cd on ternary pigs are still lacking in research. In order to explore the effect of Cd on the apoptosis of pig spleen and its mechanism, this study chose ternary pig as the research object to detect relevant indicators in pig spleen under Cd exposure. The results of this study showed that Cd exposure can induce apoptosis by promoting the absorption of various toxic trace elements in the spleen and inducing oxidative stress. We also found that the mechanism of Cd-induced apoptosis is closely related to the VDR/CREB1 pathway. On the one hand, Cd exposure can activate VDR, and indirectly regulate the CYP family, affecting the normal function of the spleen. On the other hand, VDR and its downstream genes antagonize the toxicity of Cd by maintaining the stability of the mitochondrial-related endoplasmic reticulum membrane structure. Our research will help researchers to further understand the physiological toxicity of Cd.

Coalbed methane (CBM) resources are abundant in the Gujiao block, Xishan coalfield, China. However, few studies have been conducted on the coalbed methane geology of the Gujiao block. In the present study, based on logging responses and numerical simulations, the coal structures of coal seam No. 8 of this block were identified, and the mechanical properties of the coal and its roof/floor were calculated. The geological factors influencing the coalbed methane reservoir were quantitatively characterized according to the fuzzy gray model. High-quality coalbed methane reservoirs in the No. 8 coal were predicted and classified using the model, and some suggestions on rational exploitation were determined. Reservoirs of the No. 8 coal are dominated by the III-type, followed by the II- and IV-types. The III-type reservoirs are the most common, and primarily developed at the Xiqu, Zhenchengdi, Malan, and Tunlan coal mines in the north of the studied area. The III-type reservoirs represent low coalbed methane contents, high thickness proportions of granulated-mylonitized coal, and low burial depths. The II-type reservoirs are primarily developed close to the axis of the Malan syncline and in the south and northwest of the studied area, and have low permeability, less significant differences between the mechanical properties of coals and their roofs and floors, and low reservoir pressure gradients. The IV-type reservoirs have a scattered development, dominance of granulated-mylonitized coal, and low permeability, indicating low potential to improve reservoir permeability. Targeted exploitation technology and drainage systems corresponding to the different types of coal reservoirs should be proposed to improve coalbed methane production.

In order to reduce the production cost of small-scale farms in China and improve work efficiency, an intelligent grading system for citrus grading was designed. The system combines the synchronous belt with the fruit pallet to realize the rotation and turnover function of Citrus in the conveying process. The control system scheme of the grading system is introduced in detail. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is used as the control core and NVIDIA Jetson tx2 (TX2) is used as the visual core. Finally, a small intelligent grading equipment integrating the functions of loading sequencing, transportation identification and grading unloading is built.

Metal cations are one of the important factors affecting the performance of anionic foaming agent.In this paper,based on the different metal cations with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution system,the influence of cations on foaming characteristics and interfacial properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate were investigated.The foaming ability and foam stability of different SDS solution systems were analyzed by foam scanner. The foam morphology,diameter and distribution were statistical analyzed by image analysis method.By utilizing of interfacial tension/rheometer,and the interfacial viscoelasticity were tested.The results showed that the cations can reduce the foaming ability and the influence order is Al3+ > Mg2+ > Na+.The half-life of foam decreased firstly and then tends to be gently with the increase concentration of Mg2+ and Na+,but the half-life of foam decreased firstly and then increased,finally tends to be gentle with the increase of Al3+.The adverse effect of Al3+ on the foam structure is much larger than that of Na+ and Mg2+.The ability of Al3+ which reduce the foam diameter significantly.The composite solution surface is viscoelastic,and the effects of cations on dilational modulus is Al3+ > Mg2+ > Na+.

C58H112N4O29V6, P21/n (no. 14), a = 15.3310(5) Å, b = 15.6093(4) Å, c = 15.9394(5) Å, β = 109.132(4)°, V = 3603.7(2) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0579, wRref(F2) = 0.1450, T = 104.0 K.