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Abstract Background Understanding the factors that contribute to variability in breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is an important first step in developing targeted interventions to improve quality of life in breast cancer patients. Although previous research studies have has identified many risk factors for BCRL, dietary habits and catheterization type have rarely been studied until the present. Aim This study aims to explore the effects of nursing factors such as dietary habits and catheterization type on breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). Methods This retrospective cohort study included 1,476 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery between January 1, 2012, and September 1, 2020. Lymphedema was assessed with a validated self-report questionnaire. All research data were obtained from medical records and a follow-up database. Multivariate Cox regression was conducted to explore the effects of dietary habits and catheterization type on BCRL. Results The results showed an increased risk for BCRL among breast cancer patients who followed a high-fat diet prehospitalization (HR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.55–3.94; P

Abstract Background Depressive symptoms among nurses have been a significant public health concern. Although many studies have demonstrated the potential relationship between interpersonal conflict at work and depressive symptoms, the mechanisms underlying this relationship among nurses remain unclear. Based on the theoretical and empirical research, this study aimed to investigate the multiple mediating effects of negative emotion at work and meaning in life on the relationship between interpersonal conflict at work and depressive symptoms among nurses. Methods An online multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 hospitals from different geographical areas of Hunan Province, China, from December 2021 to February 2022. A total of 1754 nurses completed validated self-reported questionnaires, including their sociodemographic information, interpersonal conflict at work, negative emotions at work, meaning in life, and depressive symptoms. Descriptive statistics analysis, Spearman’s correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and chain mediation analysis were performed using IBM SPSS software (version 29) and Mplus software (version 8). Results There were significant correlations between interpersonal conflict at work, negative emotions at work, meaning in life, and depressive symptoms (r = -0.206 ~ 0.518, all p

Mallotus paxii is a Euphorbiaceae plant belonging to the genus Mallotus Lour. This genus mainly distributes in tropical and subtropical Asia, and there are about 140 species in the world. There are 36 species in China, including 11 varieties, which mainly grow in Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan. To study the compounds of Mallotus paxii, twelve lignans were isolated from the leaves of M. paxii by means of various column chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative RP-HPLC methods. The structures of the isolated lignans were determined on the basis of analyses of spectroscopic methods (1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and comparison of their spectroscopic data with previously reported data. The lignans were identified as 7″,8″-threo-buddlenol D (1), buddlenol D (2), 7″,8″-threo-buddlenol C (3), buddlenol C (4), (+)-syringaresinol (5), epipinoresinol (6), pinoresinol (7), 1-acetoxyl-2e,6e-dipiperonyl-3,7-dioxabicyclo-［3,3,0］-octane (8), ciwujiatone (9), lariciresinol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), rel-(2α,3β)-7-O-methylcedrusin (11), and dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl-alcohol 4′-O-β-D-glucoside (12). All compounds were isolated from M. paxii for the first time. Some lignans have good pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-virus. The results of this study show that the leaves of M. paxii are rich in lignans with good activity, indicating that its good medicinal value may be related to these lignans.

Liver fibrosis is a key contributor to hepatic disease-related mortality. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been revealed to improve liver fibrosis. To explore the effect and mechanism of MSC-derived exosomal miR-26a on liver fibrosis, exosomes were separated from bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) and used to treat with LX2 cells. The miR-26a level was decreased in BMSC-derived exosomes. Treatment with exosomes isolated from human BMSCs transfected with miR-26a mimics (miR-26a mimic-Exo) decreased the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine-positive cell rate, the protein level of α-SMA and collagen I, and the glutathione (GSH) level but enhanced the apoptosis rate and the reactive oxide species (ROS) level in LX2 cells, which were reversed by the treatment of deferoxamine. Mechanically, miR-26a directly bound SLC7A11 mRNA and negatively modulated the level of SLC7A11 in LX2 cells. Overexpression of SLC7A11 reversed the miR-26a mimic-Exo-induced alterations in the level of ROS, Fe2+, malonaldehyde, and GSH in LX2 cells. In vivo, miR-26a mimic-Exo decreased the level of SLC7A11 and attenuated CCL4-induced liver fibrosis. Collectively, miR-26a mimic-Exo induced ferroptosis to alleviate liver fibrosis by regulating SLC7A11, which may provide new strategies for the treatment of liver fibrosis, and even other relevant diseases.

This study aimed to investigate the changes of serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in patients with adenomyosis before and after treatment with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a). One hundred and sixty-five patients with adenomyosis who received HIFU combined with GnRH-a were selected as case group. Sixty-five healthy women who underwent physical examination at the same time were taken as normal control group. At the end of follow-up 6 months after treatment, the case group were divided into effective subgroup and ineffective subgroup according to clinical efficacy. Changes of serum CA125 and PGE2 were analyzed. Serum CA125 and PGE2 levels in the case group were higher than those in the normal control group before treatment (both P < 0.001). Serum CA125 and PGE2 levels in the case group 6 months after treatment were lower than those before treatment (both P < 0.001). There was no difference in serum CA125 and PGE2 levels between effective subgroup and ineffective subgroup before treatment (P = 0.351, 0.284, respectively). Serum CA125 and PGE2 levels in the effective subgroup were lower than those in the ineffective subgroup 6 months after treatment (both P < 0.001). Serum CA125 and PGE2 may be involved in the development of adenomyosis, and their expression levels may be related to the prognosis of patients. Levels of serum CA125 and PGE2 in patients with adenomyosis decrease after treatment with HIFU combined with GnRH-a. The detection of serum CA125 and PGE2 may be used as an index to diagnose adenomyosis and evaluate the therapeutic effect of HIFU combined with GnRH-a.

Purpose This study investigates whether virtual distant viewing technology can prevent nearwork-induced ocular parameter changes. Methods Twenty-six volunteers read a textbook on one day and the same content on a virtual distant viewing display on another day based on a randomization sequence, with both reading sessions at 33 cm for 4 hours. Visual acuity, diopter, ocular biology, visual fatigue, and accommodative function before and after the nearwork, as well as the number of pages read, were recorded. Results After 4 hours of nearwork in the textbook group, the spherical equivalent refraction decreased from −3.13 ± 2.65 D to −3.32 ± 2.70 D ( P

Background: Women with gynecological cancer often experience psychological distress, particularly in response to surgical procedures. The impact of mandala art therapy (MAT) during the perioperative period for gynecological cancer patients remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the effects of the MAT program in women with gynecological cancer. Methods: Employing a quasi-experimental design, we recruited 126 gynecological cancer patients from a university hospital through convenience sampling. Participants were assigned to either receive the MAT program or standard perioperative care. The interventions comprised a three-session MAT program guided by a team of trained mandala psychologists. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were employed to analyze the effects of MAT over time. Results: A total of 126 patients were enrolled, and 118 completed the entire study. Over 90% of participants completed the perioperative MAT interventions, reporting relatively high satisfaction with the program (7.70 out of 10). Individuals in the MAT group exhibited improved therapeutic effects on STAI-S, VASS, and vital signs over time. Notably, significant group*time interaction effects were noted in STAI-S scores at both the first evaluation, T1 (β = −4.220, P

In order to improve the resource utilization of steel slag and further degrade organic pollutants，a series of steel slag/nitrogen-doped modified activated carbon composites materials were prepared by changing the calcination temperature in ammonia and used to activate sodium persulfate to treat Rhodamine B wastewater. The pore structure and surface properties of the composites were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption，XRD and XPS. The results showed that the introduction of nitrogen could improve the interaction between active metal and activated carbon in the composites，thus improving the catalytic activity of the composites. With the optimal composite 60%GZ/AC-N800 as the research object，under the condition temperature 35 ℃，2 g/L PS and wide pH（3-11），the removal rate of Rhodamine B（100 mg/L） could reach 88.7%-92.2% after 30 min. The kinetic analysis showed that 60%GZ/AC-N800 composite catalyzed the degradation of RhB by PS in line with the quasi-second-order kinetics. Free radical masking experiments showed that the degradation process was an oxidation process involving both free radical pathways（SO4·- and ·OH） and non-free radical pathways（1O2）.

In order to study the mechanical properties of ZT7G/LT-03A carbon fiber reinforced composite bolted joints, the single-bolt double-lap joints tests were carried out with 3 kinds of ply and 3 kinds of width, and the effects of the different ply ratios, width to diameter ratios on the failure load and failure mode were analyzed. Then, the failure process of the specimens was simulated by using the progressive damage and failure analysis method. The failure mode and failure load of the model are consistent with that of the specimen, which verified the accuracy of the model. On this basis, the stress and damage status of each ply during initial load shedding were studied, and the influence of the ply ratios and width to diameter ratios on the performance of laminates was further studied. The results show that when the width to diameter ratio of laminates increases, the failure mode changes from tensile failure to bearing failure, and to change the ply ratios does not affect the failure mode in a certain range.

Bitter compounds widely exist in foods and have an important impact on food flavor. The major bitter compounds in foods include amino acids, peptides, polyphenols, alkaloids, and inorganic salts. Bitterness is perceived through binding between bitter compounds and the specific sites of the 25 human bitter taste receptors (hTAS2Rs), which further activates the downstream signal pathway mediated by G protein, converting chemical signals into electrical signals and transmitting them to the brain. Some foods with strong bitterness taste are not well accepted by consumers, so appropriately reducing bitterness in foods can improve consumers’ preference. At present, there are two main methods to reduce the perception of food bitterness: 1) masking bitterness by polymerization/complexation or flavor interaction, and 2) removing bitterness by reducing the content of bitter compounds or changing their structure. In this paper, the bitter compounds in foods, the analytical methods for them, the mechanism of bitterness perception and the methods used to reduce bitterness perception are reviewed in an effort to provide theoretical guidance for food bitterness regulation.

The wave of artificial intelligence and digital technology advances educational intelligence and has a profound impact on English teaching. Taking business English students in a university as an example, the study combines structural equation modeling to explore the main factors affecting students’ behavioral intention to use artificial intelligence technology to assist business English learning. Based on this basis, it analyzes the current situation of business English teaching mode and proposes a business English teaching mode based on artificial intelligence technology. Teaching experiments were conducted in two parallel classes of business English majors in a university, and questionnaires were designed to measure and compare the students’ business English proficiency levels to further verify the effectiveness of the proposed business English teaching model with artificial intelligence. The results show that the factors directly influencing students’ behavioral intention to use AI technology-assisted learning are performance expectation, effort expectation, facilitation, and attitude (p < 0.05). The business English proficiency of the students who practiced the AI teaching model improved by 4.39% and 5.47% compared with the students in the pre-experimental and traditional models. Specifically, there was a significant difference in language comprehension, language evaluation, and language use. This paper’s research results validate the enhancement impact of artificial intelligence technology on business English language teaching and enhance the theoretical research on business English language teaching.

In this study, we initiate the process by pre-processing the character image data and establishing coordinate axes. Utilizing the parallax principle, we construct a three-dimensional model of the animated character image and design a multidimensional, time-sequential visualization scheme based on clustering techniques. To enhance the effectiveness of cluster visualization, we incorporate color and transparency into the model and develop a three-dimensional communication framework to facilitate user interaction and improve animated image visualization. Subsequently, we evaluate the advantages and feasibility of this three-dimensional communication approach, focusing on user experience and user engagement. We also explore the visual perception capabilities of this method against contrasting background colors of light and dark. The findings demonstrate a credible expression of animated video images, with a credibility index of 4.690. Additionally, user perception is quantified at an average of 4.895, which not only exceeds the four-point benchmark but also outperforms alternative methods. This research offers a substantial reference for the advancement of visual communication studies concerning animated character images.

Objective To explore the anti-atherogenic activity and mechanism involved of ginsenoside derivative CK201 by ApoE-/- mouse and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods In vivo experiment: 6-week-old male ApoE-/- mice(n=30) were randomly divided into 5 groups: the solvent control group, the model group, the ginsenoside compound K(CK) group, the atorvastatin calcium group and the CK201 group. Except the solvent control group, mice in other groups were fed high-fat diet. At the same time, mice in the CK group, the atorvastatin calcium group and the CK201 group were administrated intragastrically 3 mg/kg compound, respectively. The effect of CK201 and atorvastatin calcium on the formation of AS plaque was evaluated by aorta oil red O staining. The plasma levels of TC and TG were detected, and the effects of CK201 and atorvastatin calcium on blood lipid in mice were investigated. Western blot assay was used to analyze the effects of CK201 and atorvastatin calcium on the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α of the aorta. The effects of CK201 and atorvastatin calcium on liver lipid accumulation were evaluated by HE and oil red O staining in liver sections. Liver and kidney function tests and blood routine tests of mice were performed to evaluate the effect of CK201 on related indicators. In vitro experiments: Western blot assay was used to analyze the effects of CK201 on the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in HUVECs cells stimulated by palmitic acid. The effects of CK201 on the migration and recruitment of monocytes of HUVECs were analyzed by the scratch healing experiment of HUVECs cells and the adhesion experiment between monocytes (THP-1) and HUVECs cells. Results The CK201 group significantly inhibited the formation of atherosclerotic aortic plaques in ApoE-/- mice fed with high-fat diet, compared with the atorvastatin calcium group (plaque inhibition rate: 62.4% vs 26.6%, P < 0.05). The CK201 group had significantly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, which had significantly better effect than those in the atorvastatin calcium group(P < 0.05). In the CK201 group, TC content in plasma was significantly decreased, the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α in aorta were inhibited(P < 0.05), the expression of palmitic acid-stimulated inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in HUVECs cells was inhibited, the adhesion of THP-1 cells to HUVECs cells was reduced, and the migration of HUVECs cells was promoted(P < 0.05). In addition, the experimental dose of CK201 had no significant effect on the liver function and blood routine tests. Conclusion CK201, a ginsenoside derivative, has a significant anti-atherosclerosis effect, and the mechanism involved may be related to the reduction of plasma TC level, inhibition of aortic inflammation, inhibition of cell adhesion of monocyte and endothelial cells.

To provide references for reform of health food market access system in China， the filing system and food products with function claims in Japan are studied. The differences of the laws and regulations of the filing system and food products with function claims between China and Japan is compared. There are significant differences between Japan and China on policy guidance and evaluation principle of supervision system. It is worth for reference in product information disclosure and the evaluation procedure of safety and function claim.

The non-intrusive load identification method can judge the type and working situation of the electrical load without interfering with the user’s electricity consumption, which is an important part of smart grid technology. In this paper, a load identification method based on variational modal decomposition algorithm (VMD) is proposed, which can effectively identify different types of electrical loads. The effectiveness of VMD algorithm in the field of load identification is verified by conducting load recognition experiments. After optimizing the algorithm parameters, the Feature library membership threshold was tested and debugged, and finally a good load identification effect was obtained, which can be used as a means of identifying electricity load in urban management.

Due to the rapid growth of traffic volume, some existing expressways are being transformed into two-way ten-lane configurations. The increased lane flexibility of two-way ten-lane expressways implies a more serious mixing of passenger and freight traffic, thus necessitating a focus on traffic organization, especially at bottleneck sections. This study, based on field-measured data and traffic simulation, investigates the traffic applicability of five expressway entrance forms: conventional interchange entrance ramp (CI), passenger vehicles and trucks separation (PVTS), lanes separation around interchange (LSI), both left-side and right-side entrance ramp (LRER) and the stacked composite cross-section expressway (CCE). Using a comprehensive evaluation method, it provides optimal design solutions for varying traffic volumes, truck ratios, and merging ratios. Comprehensive evaluation results indicate that for one-way total traffic volumes exceeding 9,000 veh/h and truck ratios above 25%, the PVTS form should be prioritized. The LSI scheme demonstrates significant advantages when the truck proportion is below 30% and the merging ratio is above 20%. Additionally, due to its relatively low construction cost, it can serve as a good substitute for the PVTS approach. The LRER plan is unsuitable for entrance sections due to poor traffic capacity, increased CO emissions, and foreseeable safety issues. The strengths and applicability of PVTS, LSI, and CCE can guide the choice of entrance forms for ten-lane expressways.

Chinese characters are generally correlated with their semantic meanings, and the structure of radicals, in particular, can be a clear indication of how characters are related to each other. In the Chinese characters simplification movement, some different traditional characters have been transferred into one simplified character (many-to-one mapping), resulting in the phenomenon of ’one simplified character corresponding to many traditional characters. Compared to the simplified characters, the traditional characters contain richer structural information, which is also more meaningful to semantic understanding. Traditional approaches of text modelling often overlook the structural content of Chinese characters and the role of human cognitive behaviour in the process of text comprehension. Hence, we propose a Chinese text classification model derived from the construction methods and evolution of Chinese characters. The model consists of two branches: the simplified and the traditional, with an attention module based on the radical classification in each branch. Specifically, we first develop a sequential modelling structure to obtain sequence information of Chinese texts. Afterwards, an associated word module using the part head as a medium is designed to filter out keywords with high semantic differentiation among the auxiliary units. An attention module is then implemented to balance the importance of each keyword in a particular context. Our proposed method is conducted on three datasets to demonstrate validity and plausibility.

Ocean waves are a promising source of renewable energy, but harvesting this irregular low-frequency energy is challenging due to technological limitations. In this paper, a pendulum plate-based triboelectric nanogenerator (PP-TENG) is proposed. The PP-TENG absorbs wave energy through the pendulum plate installed at the bottom of the device, which generates a swing effect. This drives the motion of the upper TENG power generation unit and generates a charge transfer on the surface of a film of polymer PTFE and nylon, materials which are very sensitive to the low-frequency wave environment. The PP-TENG was tested after building a semi-physical simulation test platform. When the polymer materials were PTFE with a thickness of 0.01 mm and nylon with a thickness of 0.02 mm, 33 commercial LED lamps could be lit simultaneously. Moreover, under short-circuit conditions, the current reached 2.45 μA, and under open-circuit conditions, the voltage reached 212 V. When the PP-TENG was connected in series with a resistor with a resistance of 3 × 105 Ω, its maximum peak power density reached 6.74 mW/m2. It can be concluded that the PP-TENG is characterised by low fabrication costs and excellent energy conversion efficiency. The combination of a pendulum wave energy converter with a TENG shows great output performance. This research lays a solid foundation for practical applications of the proposed structure in the future.

Immune-related cardiotoxicities are uncommon but potentially fatal. The study aims to evaluate the value of pacemakers and methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPPT) to patients with immune-related myocarditis concomitant with complete heart block (CHB). We first reviewed medical records of three patients with immune-related myocarditis concomitant with CHB. For the pooled analysis, we searched related cases with immune-related myocarditis in the PubMed database and screened the patients. Clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes were summarized. Our three patients developed immune-related myocarditis concomitant with CHB about 2 weeks after receiving pembrolizumab, and were successfully treated with pacemaker implantation and high-dose steroids (two received MPPT). In the pooled analysis, 21 cases were eligible with an overall fatality rate of 52%. Patients with pacemakers had a fatality rate of 38%, significantly lower than patients without them (38% vs 100%; p = 0.035), particularly the MPPT subgroup (25% vs 100%; p = 0.019). All five patients without pacemakers expired. Among patients with pacemakers, MPPT patients tended to have an inferior rate compared with non-MPPT patients. Timely pacemaker implantation played a crucial role in improving the outcomes of patients with immune-related myocarditis concomitant with CHB. Patients receiving MPPT appeared to have a better prognosis. Additionally, multidisciplinary consultation should be recommended for better management.

Understanding the mobility of small particles in geotextile dewatering applications is important when considering highly toxic sediments containing dioxins and furans. These contaminants are often strongly associated with organic matter that are colloidal in size. Microspheres have been used in the soil science research community for tracking the mobility of colloids through porous media for various applications (e.g., bacteria, virus). In this paper, the use of microspheres as a surrogate for small particles (2μm) in geotextile dewatering tests is investigate. Establishment of a reliable and repeatable method for microsphere visualization with a microscope is presented, both for detection and quantification. A simple geotextile dewatering test is conducted in which a soil filter cake is established and the microspheres are passed through the filter cake, followed by the passing of distilled water. It is shown that the microspheres in the effluent can help assist in better understanding the transport of small particles during dewatering which can help us better understand risk of particle transport in these types of tests.

Objective To investigate the correlation between drinking habits and pathological characteristics of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Methods A preoperative questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the drinking habits of UTUC patients who were admitted to the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital for radical nephroureterectomy within one year from August 2020 to July 2021, and statistical analysis was performed in combination with their postoperative pathological characteristics. The statistical procedure was performed using SPSS 22.0 software, and firstly, the preliminary analysis was performed one by one using the columnar χ2 test on the pathological characteristics of UTUC tumors as the dependent variable and the factors related to patients' general information, past history and drinking habits as the independent variables, and the independent variables that met P < 0.2 between the case and control groups for each dependent variable were specified for screening. The screened variables were included in the binary Logistic regression analysis. A difference of P < 0.05 was used to indicate a statistically significant difference. Results A total of 239 patients, 134 males and 105 females, with a mean age of (68.1±9.98)years and a median disease duration of 4.8 months, were included in this study. Multifactorial Logistic regression results suggested that after adjusting for the effects of other variables, UTUC patients who had the habit of drinking at least once every hour during the daytime had a significantly increased risk of high grade (G3) tumors(OR=1.941, 95%CI: 0.352-1.029, P < 0.01); these patients also had a significantly decreased risk of multifocal UTUC tumors (OR=0.344, 95% CI: 1.18-5.582, P=0.004). The patients who had the habit of drinking over 100 mL water each time had a significantly decreased risk of mutifocal UTUC incidence (OR=0.477, 95%CI: 0.225-1.012, P=0.046). Patients who pay attention to daily water intakes had a significantly increased risk of renipelvic carcinoma (OR=2.530, 95%CI: 1.434-4.463, P=0.001) and a significantly decreased risk of ureteral carcinoma (OR=0.314, 95%CI: 0.172-0.573, P < 0.01). Other variables included in the regression model did not differ significantly in their effects on the occurrence of tumor pathological characteristics. Conclusion Having the awareness of drinking water every 1 h during the day, drinking over 100 mL water each time, having the awareness of daily drinking habits correlated significantly with pathological characteristics of UTUC such as the presence of G3 tumor, multifocal tumors and location of the tumor. This conclusion still needs to be verified by subsequent trials with higher levels of evidence.

Objective To analyze the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) data of patients with intraspinal abnormalities undergoing posterior spinal fusion and to determine how intraspinal abnormalities influence IONM results. Methods Patients with severe kyphoscoliosis and intraspinal abnormalities who underwent posterior spinal correction and fusion between September 2015 and January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Candidate intraspinal abnormalities included Chiari malformation, syringomyelia, split cord malformation, and tethered cord syndrome. Total intravenous anesthesia was administered, and no muscle relaxant or inhalation anesthesia was used for maintenance. IONM data, including somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) and motor evoked potentials (MEP), were recorded. The P37 and N50 latencies and amplitude were recorded for SSEP, whereas only the amplitude was recorded for MEP. The possible high‐risk factors for abnormal IONM results were analyzed. Results The current study included 87 patients (40 men, 47 women) with an average age of 20.2 ± 10.4 years. The etiologies were neuromuscular in 45 patients, idiopathic in four, and congenital in 38. A total of 136 intraspinal abnormalities were detected, including Chiari malformation in 33 patients, syringomyelia in 55, split‐cord malformation in 25, and tethered cord syndrome in 23. Forty patients had one intraspinal abnormality, whereas 47 patients had two or three intraspinal abnormalities. The monitorabilities were 87.4% and 97.7% for the SSEP and MEP, respectively. SSEP alerts were reported in five patients and MEP alerts in four patients, and new neurological deficits were observed in three patients postoperatively. The sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 97.3% for SSEP, and 100% and 98.8% for MEP, respectively. A significant difference in MEP amplitude between the concave and convex sides was observed, while significantly higher SSEP latency was observed on the concave side in patients with preoperative neurological deficits. There were 52 (59.8%) patients with abnormal IONM data. Preoperative neurological deficits (χ2 = 7.715, p = 0.005) and more than one intraspinal abnormality (χ2 = 9.186, p = 0.004) indicated a higher risk of abnormal IONM data. Conclusions IONM can be effectively used in patients with intraspinal abnormalities who undergo posterior spinal fusion. Patients with preoperative neurological deficits and more than one intraspinal abnormality have a higher risk of abnormal IONM monitoring.

We replaced wheat flour by superfine mulberry leaf powder at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20 % and 25% to make dough and steamed bread. The effect of superfine mulberry leaf powder on farinographical properties of dough and quality of steamed bread were studied. The results showed that partial substitution of wheat flour with superfine mulberry leaf powder could improve the water absorption of dough. The dough stability showed the transformation rule of first increasingand then decreasing with the mass increasing of mulberry leaf powder. When the substitution rate exceeds 15%, the dough stability time significantly reduced and the degree of softening significantly increased. Steamed bread quality research results showed that with the increase of mulberry leaf powder level, bread specific volume declined, the height-diameter ratio firstly increased and then decreased, and the bread hardness and adhesion increased. With the addition of 15% of superfine mulberry leaf powder, mulberry leaf steamed bread showed a green color and had a higher overall sensory quality. Staling results showed that the mulberry leaf powder reduced hardening rate of steamed bread and could effectively delay the staling rate of steamed bread during storage. The above experiment showed that steamed bread with 15% superfine mulberry leaf powder had a higher overall sensory acceptance with the best quality.

Exosomal microRNAs （miRNAs） are miRNAs that are mediated by exosomes to achieve cell-to-cell communication, and they are widespread in organisms. In recent years, the key role of the multiple biological functions of exosomal miRNAs in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases has been confirmed by a large number of studies, which has become a hot spot in clinical and basic research. Sudden cardiac death caused by cardiovascular disease is one of the important contents in forensic medical identification. This article introduces the research progress of cardiovascular disease prediction, treatment and prognosis on exosomal miRNA. The prospects of the application in forensic medical identification are discussed.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and paraclinical features of Chinese patients with anti- LGI1 encephalitis. Methods Patients with memory deficits, psychiatric symptoms, seizures or altered level of consciousness, suspicious of encephalitis, at presentation to Peking Union Medical College Hospital were recruited between July 2013 and January 2018, and tested for anti-LGI1 antibodies in their serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) samples. Patients with anti-LGI1 antibodies were enrolled. The demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination results, neuroimaging features, immunotherapy, follow-up practices and outcomes for included patients were registered and analyzed. Results The study enrolled 120 patients, of whom 66.7% were male. The median age was 61 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 49-66 years). Seizures(65.0%) were the most common initial symptoms. Most patients developed seizures (95.0%), including faciobrachial dystonic seizures (54.2%), memory deficits (92.5%), and psychiatric symptoms (69.1%). Brain MRI and 18F-FDG PET / CT showed that the lesions were mainly located in unilateral or bilateral medial temporal lobes, and (or) basal ganglia. Of the patients, 95.0% received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or corticosteroids, 47.5% received mycophenolate mofetil as long-term immunotherapy, and no one received second-line immunotherapy. The median follow-up was 34.2 months(IQR: 22.0-45.6 months). 91.2% had a good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score≤2 points). Residual mild memory deficits were present in 47.8% of the patients. Nine deaths were documented. Relapses occurred in 24.8% of the patients in the first year. In total, 24 (20%)cases were young patients(onset age ≤45 years).There were fewer males among the younger patients(37.5% vs. 74.0%, P < 0.01). Besides, there were fewer younger patients with psychiatric symptoms(50.0% vs. 74.0%, P=0.02), hyponatremia(33.3% vs. 68.8%, P < 0.01), and abnormalities on brain 18F-FDG PET/CT(20.8% vs. 47.9%, P=0.02). The relapse-free survival rate was significantly higher in the young patients. Conclusions Elderly males were predominant in patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Most patients developed symptoms of limbic encephalitis and/or FDBS during the disease course. Several patients were young adults and lacked typical symptoms. Neuroimaging features were consistent with the involvement of limbic system or basal ganglia. Patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis respond well to immunotherapy, irrespective of the age.

BackgroundGroup B streptococcus (GBS) infection can give rise to intrauterine infection during pregnancy and postpartum endometritis, and increase the risk of premature birth or stillbirth. So it is essential to improve the detection rate of GBS and to identify risk factors of GBS infection.ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors of GBS infection during pregnancy.MethodsParticipants were pregnant women in late pregnancy (n=11 248) who were selected from Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital from January 2017 to August 2021. All of them underwent screening for GBS infection, 4 479 of them used vaginal swab test (single-swab culture group) , 1 239 used vaginal and rectal swabs tests (double-swab culture group) , and other 5 530 used PCR test of vaginal and rectal swabs (double-swab & PCR group) , and GBS detection rates in the groups were compared. Then, from the double-swab & PCR group, 305 cases who were detected with GBS infection and 2 650 without were selected and compared in terms of information possibly related to GBS infection collected from the medical records, by which potential intrapartum risk factors for GBS infection were identified exploratively. Furthermore, 294 of the above-mentioned 305 cases who also underwent vaginal microbiome test were selected, and compared with a random sample of 367 of the above-mentioned 2 650 cases who also underwent vaginal microbiome test, to analyze the association of vaginal microbiota status with GBS infection.ResultsThe GBS detection rates in single-swab culture group, double-swab culture group, and double-swab & PCR group were 5.94% (266/4 479) , 8.07 (100/1 239) , and 10.31% (570/5 530) , respectively. The GBS detection rate was lower in single-swab culture group than that of other two groups (P

【Objective】 One constraint in agricultural production in many regions of China is the imbalance between the dwindling water resources and the increasing demand of different sectors for it. Implementing saving-water irrigation to partly thirst the crops without compromising their yields is one of many solutions. Taking japonica rice as an example, this paper is to investigate the response of its growth traits and yield to change in irrigation and cultivation. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in lysimeters and compared three irrigations: deep wetting irrigation (SR), controlled irrigation (KZ) and shallow wet irrigation (QS). For each irrigation, there were two cultivations: direct seed drilling in water (SZB) and direct dry seed drilling (HZB), with traditional transplant cultivation used as the control. In each treatment, we measured the growth traits, water consumption, yield and yield components of the crop. 【Result】 When the seed drilling was the same, KZ was most effective in terms of tillering, water consumption and grain yield; its water productivity was comparable to that of SR - the optimal irrigation giving the highest yield. Compared to KZ, QS increased water consumption by 19.90%, reduced yield and water productivity by 4.22% and 20.11% respectively. SR was least effective in tillering, despite leading to higher plant height than KZ; it had the lowest water consumption and highest water productivity, but its yield was much lower than that of KZ and QS. When the irrigation method was the same, the direct seed drilling delayed crop growth in the initial stage compared to the control, but this can be compensated for in the middle-late tillering stage, especially SZB whose tiller numbers were approximately the same as that of the control. Under the same irrigation, the yield of direct seeding was lower than that of the control, especially HZB. Compared with the control, under different irrigation methods the yield of SZB was higher than that of SR and its water productivity was higher than that of QS. There was a little difference in water consumption between the two seed drilling methods when the irrigation method was the same. Comparative analysis showed that, on average, SZB was superior to HZB. 【Conclusion】 In terms of irrigation, controlled irrigation was most effective in saving water use of the japonica rice, followed by the shallow wet irrigation. In terms of cultivation, transplant had the highest yield regardless of the irrigation methods.

Background Improving depression is critical to the success of HIV treatment. Concerns about the adverse effects of pharmacotherapy have led to non-pharmacological treatments for depression in people living with HIV (PLWH) becoming increasingly popular. However, the most effective and acceptable non-pharmacological treatments for depression in PLWH have not yet been determined. This protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to compare and rank all available non-pharmacological treatments for depression in PLWH in the global network of countries as well as in the network of low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) only. Methods We will include all randomized controlled trials of any non-pharmacological treatments for depression in PLWH. The primary outcomes will consider efficacy (the overall mean change scores in depression) and acceptability (all-cause discontinuation). Published and unpublished studies will be systematically searched through the relevant databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest, and OpenGrey), international trial registers, and websites. There is no restriction by language and publication year. All study selection, quality evaluation, and data extraction will be independently conducted by at least two investigators. We will perform a random-effects network meta-analysis to synthesize all available evidence for each outcome and obtain a comprehensive ranking of all treatments for the global network of countries as well as for the network of LMICs only. We will employ validated global and local approaches to evaluate inconsistency. We will use OpenBUGS (version 3.2.3) software to fit our model within a Bayesian framework. We will evaluate the strength of evidence using the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) tool, a web application based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Ethics and dissemination This study will use secondary data and therefore does not require ethical approval. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021244230.

A high-precision marine gravity gradient reference map is key to enabling underwater gravity gradient matching navigation. At present, the construction of the reference maps is based on quadrilateral geographic grids. However, quadrilateral grids lead to detriangulation at high latitudes, which limits the global applicability of such maps to underwater gravity navigation. To circumvent the limitations of quadrilateral grids, a hexagonal grid is introduced for constructing the reference map. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the icosahedral Snyder equal area aperture 4 hexagon (ISEA4H) and H3 grid systems and selects an appropriate grid system. In addition, we calculate and analyze the grid model errors and matching positioning errors of hexagonal and quadrilateral grids at the same resolution. The experimental results show that the grid model and matching positioning errors of a hexagonal grid system are more than 14% and 15% less than those of a quadrilateral grid system, respectively, indicating the feasibility and effectiveness of applying hexagonal grids to gravity gradient matching navigation. Given the low construction efficiency of a marine hexagonal grid gravity gradient reference map, we propose an efficient CPU+GPU hybrid parallel scheme. A global total tensor marine hexagonal grid gravity gradient reference map model is then constructed.

Single-phase earth ground faults are the most frequent faults likely to occur but hard to identify in a distribution system, especially in a neutral ineffectively grounded system. Targeting on this goal, a novel AdaBoost-based single-phase earth ground fault identification model is put forward. First, after depicting the zero-sequence circuit of the distribution system, a feature engineering that can reflect local and global evolutionary processes in the fault period is constructed in detail. Second, to overcome two problems, namely, different number problems between fault and non-fault samples and curse of dimension, principal component analysis is used for feature extraction, in which only a small number of low-dimension mapped features are extracted, and then transmitted into the AdaBoost-based ground fault identification model. Subsequently, this work borrows from machine learning and applies its learning curve and receiver operating characteristic curve to guide the optimization of the proposed identification model. Numerical studies verify the effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed model toward solving single-phase earth ground faults.

Abstract Aims/Introduction Emerging evidence has indicated that long non‐coding ribonucleic acids play important roles in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). It is reported that urothelial carcinoma‐associated 1 (UCA1) is highly expressed in diabetic lymphoendothelial cells and influences glucose metabolism in rats with DR. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of UCA1 in the mechanism of DR. Materials and Methods Gene expression analyses in fibrovascular membranes excised from patients with DR using public microarray datasets (GSE60436). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was carried out to detect UCA1, micro‐ribonucleic acid (miR)‐624‐3p and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF‐C) expressions in the blood of patients and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). Furthermore, Cell Counting kit‐8, Transwell assay, and tube formation assay were used to identify biological effects of UCA1 on HRECs proliferation, migration ability and angiogenesis in vitro. Results UCA1 and VEGF‐C were elevated in DR patients and high glucose‐induced HRECs cell lines, whereas miR‐624‐3p was decreased. UCA1 inhibition inhibited proliferation, angiogenesis and migration of HRECs cells under high‐glucose condition. Luciferase reporter assay showed that UCA1 could sponge with miR‐624‐3p, which could directly target VEGF‐C. Finally, we proved a pathway that UCA1 promoted cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis through sponging with miR‐624‐3p, thereby upregulating VEGF‐C in high‐glucose‐induced HRECs. Conclusions We identified UCA1 as an important factor associated with DR, which could regulate the expression of VEGF‐C by sponging miR‐624‐3p in human retinal endothelial cells. Our results pave the way for further studies on diagnostic and therapeutic studies related to UCA1 in DR patients.

ObjectiveTo understand the status and relationship between social support level and Internet addiction among left-behind middle school students， so as to provide references for the targeted intervention and risk reduction of Internet addiction.MethodsStratified cluster random sampling method was used to recruit 3 532 middle school students from six middle schools in a county of Southeast Chongqing， including 1 945 （55.07%） left-behind students and 1 587 （44.93%） non-left behind students. All the selected students were assessed using self-designed general situation questionnaire， Diagnostic Scale of Internet Addiction for Middle School Students （DSIA-MSS） and Adolescent Social Support Rating Scale （ASSRS）， then the trend test was performed on relationships of social support to Internet addiction.Results① The detection rate of Internet addiction in the left behind group was higher than that in the non-left behind group （22.98% vs. 16.13%， χ2=25.732， P

The magnetic functionalized graphene based 17β-estradiol molecularly imprinted composite membrane (GO@Fe3O4-MIP) was successfully prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique using GO@Fe3O4 as carrier and 17β-estradiol as template molecule. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and atomic force microscope(AFM), vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM) were employed to characterize the as-prepared samples. The results show that the calculated magnetic property of GO@Fe3O4-MIP is 12.89 A·m2·kg-1 and the thickness is about 6.45 nm. The adsorption equilibrium time of GO@Fe3O4-MIP on 17β-estradiol is 30 min, the maximum adsorption capacity is 28.62 mg/g. These findings confirm that GO@Fe3O4-MIP has high adsorption efficiency and good adsorption selectivity for 17β-estradiol.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of colon cancer patients with different mismatch repair gene (MMR) status and evaluate the value of MMR status combined with preoperative blood neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting postoperative recurrence of colon cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the pathological MMR immunohistochemistry results of 125 colon cancer patients after radical resection. Patients were divided into deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) group (n=55) and proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) group (n=70), and further divided into four groups according to MMR status and NLR level. Results Compared with the pMMR group, the patients in the dMMR group had younger onset age, larger tumor size, lower differentiation and more nerve invasion, and were more likely to occur in the right hemicolon (P < 0.05). According to the ROC curve, the NLR threshold was determined as 3. The proportion of low NLR in dMMR group was significantly higher than that in pMMR group (P < 0.05). The 3-year recurrence-free survival rate of the dMMR with low NLR group was 85.0%, significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P < 0.05); Survival analysis showed a significant advantage of the dMMR with low NLR group comparing with the pMMR with high NLR group. Conclusion dMMR colon cancer has unique clinicopathological characteristics. MMR status combined with NLR value can be used to evaluate the postoperative recurrence risk of colon cancer patients.

The rapid growth of the intercity travel demand has resulted in enormous pressure on the passenger transportation network in a megaregion area. Optimally locating hubs and allocating demands to hubs influence the effectiveness of a passenger transportation network. This study develops a hierarchical passenger hub location model considering the service availability of hierarchical hubs. A mixed integer linear programming formulation was developed to minimize the total cost of hub operation and transportation for multiple travel demands and determine the proportion of passengers that access hubs at each level. This model was implemented for the Wuhan metropolitan area in four different scenarios to illustrate the applicability of the model. Then, a sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the impact of changing key parameters on the model results. The results are compared to those of traditional models, and the findings demonstrate the importance of considering hub choice behavior in demand allocation.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) techniques were applied to establish the molecular models of anthracite combusted at 490 °C and 690 °C (490-C and 690-C). The evolution laws of functional groups were investigated based on the constructed models and quantitative changes calculated by FTIR results. The content of aromatic groups kept decreasing before 500 °C; –CH3/–CH2– showed a rising trend during combustion; and the content of oxygen functional groups kept declining before 400 °C. The chemical formulas of 490-C and 690-C were C217H106O12N2S2 and C201H59O8N3S2, respectively. 690-C model was more compact than that of original anthracite and 490-C due to the spilt of carbon skeleton and the shedding of aliphatic chains during combustion. Total sulfur content in anthracite showed a sudden rise at 690 °C which could be attributed to the generation of organic thiophene; one more pyrrole in 690-C model resulted from the conversion of pyridine at such high temperature.

Polyelectrolytes (PEs) are a class of polymers with ionizable groups on molecular chains and could dissociate into a highly charged polymeric molecule in ionizing solvent. According to their surface charges, PEs can be classified into three groups: cationic PEs, anionic PEs and amphoteric PEs. PEs have received the attention of scientists for nearly a century ever since the discovery that some natural PEs could interact in water to form colloidal complexes known as polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). PECs with three-dimensional macromolecule structure can be formed by mixing opposite charged PEs in solution. Formation of PECs will significantly influence the solubility, rheology, turbidity and conductivity of polymer solution and as-formed PECs contain the feature of stimulus responsiveness to change of external environment. Layer-by-layer self-assembly (LBL) of multilayers based on alternately adsorbing opposite charged PEs or multi-charged molecules on solid surfaces is a simple and multifunctional interface supramolecular self-assembly technology that developed in 1990 s. With the application of LBL technology, PECs with certain structures and properties are designed and are widely used in different kinds of industry. This review focuses on the preparation method, formation mechanism, influencing factors of PECs based on LBL technology. In addition, applications of PECs in nanoreactors, drug release, biosensor and fabric flame retardant fields were also summarized. Finally, it was pointed out that future research will focus on simplifying the production process, accurately controlling over the structure and realizing the multi-function of PECs.