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Developing an efficient and reliable catalytic protocol to access atropisomeric compounds, especially those bearing five-membered heteroaryl structures with lower rotation barriers, is a challengin...

Aiming at the problem of high risk of manual hanging and removing safety ropes when tower overhauling workers are working at high altitude, we have designed a V-shaped angle steel symmetrical clamping mechanism which is mainly composed of clamping claw. The clamping and releasing of the angle steel of the clamping claw was realized by the cooperation of the screw elevator and the sliding guide rail. The abducting mechanism vertically arranged with the clamping arm can change the position of the clamping claw by adjusting the display distance, and the ejecting mechanism can ensure that the robot body is always parallel to the angle steel. The static model was established, and the static analysis and simulation of the clamping mechanism were carried out. Finally, the prototype was tested, and the experimental results verified the feasibility of the clamping mechanism design

The dearomatizative dienamine-type ortho-quinodimethane species are smoothly generated between 2-alkyl-3-furfurals and chiral secondary amine catalysts, which undergo asymmetric benzylic allylic alkylation reactions with 2-nitroallylic acetates efficiently. A spectrum of densely functionalized 3-furfural derivatives are delivered in moderate to high yields with good to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity (up to 98 % yield, >19:1 d.r., >99 % ee). The latent transformations allow the facile production of some enantioenriched architectures, such as 1,1,2,2-tetraarylethanes and triarylmethanes, which are not easily available from other protocols.

A previously unreported activation mode is developed through the generation of dearomatizative tetraenamine species between 5-allylic furfurals and a bifunctional amine-thiourea catalyst. The very remote ζ,η-alkenes perform as effective HOMO-raised dienophiles in inverse-electron-demand oxa-Diels-Alder cycloadditions with isatin-derived oxadiene substrates, delivering multifunctional spirocyclic oxindoles incorporating a dihydropyran skeleton in moderate to high yields with good to excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity.

The discovery of cell-free DNA fetal (cff DNA) in maternal plasma during pregnancy provides a novel perspective for the development of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD). Against the background of maternal DNA, the use of the relatively low concentration of cff DNA is limited in NIPD. Therefore, in order to overcome the complication of the background of maternal DNA and expand the scope of cff DNA application in clinical practice, it is necessary to identify novel universal fetal-specific DNA markers. The GeneChip Human Promoter 1.0R Array set was used in the present study to analyze the methylation status of 12 placental tissue and maternal peripheral blood whole-genome DNA samples. In total, 5 fetus differential hypermethylation regions and 6 fetus differential hypomethylation regions were identified. In order to verify the 11 selected methylation regions and detect the differential CpG sites in these regions, a bisulfate direct sequencing strategy was used. In total, 87 fetal differential methylation CpG sites were identified from 123 CpG sites. The detection of fetal differential methylation DNA regions and CpG sites may be instrumental in the development of efficient NIPD and in the expansion of its application in other disorders.

As an important energy production and consumption area, the energy saving and emission reduction performance of thermal power enterprises relates to energy conservation and sustainable development of China’s economy. According to the energy saving policies of power industry, a comprehensive evaluation index system of energy saving and emission reduction performance was built, which contains of energy resource consumption, resource utilization, pollutants emissions and build business efficiency four aspects. The index weights were performed by AHP-entropy weight method considering the expertise and objective information. Meanwhile, an improved Matter-element Extension model was built to evaluate the energy saving and emission reduction performance of thermal power enterprise, in which the domain and standards of maximum degree in traditional model was improved. And an improved correlation function was proposed to instead of traditional correlation function, which is based on both maximum membership degree principle and closeness principles. Finally, the numerical results validate the effectiveness and practicality of the improved model.

Energy is the foundation of economy for China. The economic growth depends on energy, but recent years, the carbon dioxide from energy consumption hinders the GDP to grow. Environment starts to affect economic growth and it becomes a restriction to energy consumption. Energy, economy and environment have formed a new system which is called 3E system, so its practical to study the dynamical relationships among the 3E system. This paper selects annual data from 1970 to 2009 to establish a VEC model and takes the impulse response function and variance analysis to analyze the short-term dynamical relationship of Chinas 3E system, finding that there is at least one co-integration relationship among 3E system in China. Finally, this paper discusses how the energy, economy, and environment affect each other in short term from a quantitative perspective and intends to provide some advices to draft applicable energy policy for China.

Electric power universal service is a procedure of government public policies. Due to the different subjective induction for individuals, the social welfare of electric power universal service doesn’t meet the axiom of individuals’ utility sum, which is a principle of traditional utility theory. Influencing factors of individuals’ welfare effectiveness are analyzed in this paper. According to income levels and electricity consumption of residents, as well as real-life improvement and wellbeing for future, prospect theory is applied to study residents’ welfare induction of the service. Taking for example by Atkinson’s welfare function and Bernoulli – Nash’ welfare function, welfare function of electric power universal service is constructed. The case study shows that residents’ welfare induction of the service more depends on relative changes of influencing factors, especially in remote areas.

To compare the purification effect of saponins from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen with different types of macroporous adsorption resin, and to optimize its purification technology.The type of macroporous resins was optimized by static adsorption method. The optimum technological conditions of saponins from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was screened by single factor test and Box-Behnken Design-Response Surface Methodology.AB-8 macroporous resin had better purification effect of total saponins than other resins, optimum technological parameters were as follows: column height-diameter ratio was 5: 1, the concentration of sample solution was 2. 52 mg/mL, resin adsorption quantity was 8. 915 mg/g, eluted by 3 BV water, flow rate of adsorption and elution was 2 BV/h, elution solvent was 75% ethanol, elution solvent volume was 5 BV.AB-8 macroporous resin has a good purification effect on jujuboside A. The optimized technology is stable and feasible.

Impaired signal transduction is associated with tumorigenesis and progression of various kinds of human cancers. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/Smad and ras-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) are two major signal transduction pathways for adjusting cell proliferation and differentiation. Little is known about TGF-beta/Smad4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Hereby, we investigated the expression of Smad4 in NSCLC, its correlation with MAPK proteins (including p38, ERK1 and JNK1 proteins) and their clinical significance in NSCLC. The expressions of Smad4, p38, ERK1 and JNK1 were detected at protein level with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, at transcription level with RT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed for the comparisons of expressions of Smad4, p38, ERK1 and JNK1, and their correlation with various clinicopathological parameters and the prognosis of NSCLC. The levels of protein and mRNA expression of Smad4 in lung cancer tissues were significantly lower than in normal tissues (P

We explored the strategies of prenatal diagnosis by foetal karyotype analysis in pregnant women with indications for genetic amniocentesis. Karyotype analysis of amniotic fluid was performed on 12365 pregnant women with indications for genetic amniocentesis. The detection rates and distributions of abnormal karyotypes were observed in a variety of indications for genetic amniocentesis. The detection rates of abnormal karyotype were 57.4% in either a mother or father with chromosomal abnormality, 8.5% in the pregnant women with pathological ultrasound finding (PUF), 2.79% in the pregnant women with advanced age (35 years and over) and 2.23% in the women with abnormal maternal serum screening (MSS) tests. Foetal abnormal karyotype was found in 86 pregnant women with PUF; of the 86 pregnant women, 42 had trisomy 13, 18 or 21. Of the 12365 pregnant women, foetal abnormal karyotype was found in 428 (3.46%); of the 428 foetuses, only 154 had trisomy 13, 18 or 21. In the pregnant women with abnormal MSS, 111 foetuses had abnormal karyotype, but only 36 foetuses had trisomy 13, 18 or 21. We conclude that (1) ultrasound is an important approach to prevent the birth of foetuses with chromosomal disease. (2) Non-invasive prenatal DNA detection cannot completely replace invasive prenatal diagnosis and MSS. (3) The strategies of prenatal diagnosis: Genetic amniocentesis is strongly recommended for the pregnant women with indications for genetic amniocentesis. For pregnant women who refuse invasive prenatal diagnosis, non-invasive prenatal DNA detection is first performed. If the results of non-invasive prenatal DNA detection are negative, the pregnant women are followed up by ultrasound; if the results of non-invasive prenatal DNA detection are positive, the pregnant women should undergo invasive prenatal diagnosis.

Objective This study was designed to investigate promoter methylation status and protein expression of p14ARF gene in non-small cell lung cancer, and value the role of p14ARF promoter methylation in carcinogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer.

To investigate the clinical features of pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with primary lung cancer in relation to thoractomy, and to shed light on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this fatal disease after lung resection. A total of 1245 cases with primary lung cancer received thoracotomy in the past 13 years were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data of a total of 14 patients (1.1%) suffering from pulmonary thromboembolism and requiring cardiao-pulmonary resuscitation were collected and analyzed. The diagnosis was established primarily by clinical findings in 9 cases (64.3%), including further confirmation of one case during operation, by pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scan in 2, by spiral CT angiography in 1, by pulmonary angiography in 1, and by autopsy in 1 case. Even using prompt resuscitation, 8 patients (57.1%) died within 48 h (mean 4 h) after the onset of the symptoms. Six cases eventually recovered. Of the 6 salvaged patients, they all received anticoagulation therapy with heparin intravenously and warfarin orally, including 3 cases of additional thrombolytic therapy with urokinase. Two cases with massive pulmonary emboli received emergency surgery, including one pulmonary embolectomy, and one bilobectomy after right upper lobectomy, with satisfactory results. Massive pulmonary embolism is an infrequent but fatal early postoperative complication after lung resection. The diagnosis should be based mainly on clinical findings in order to initiate the appropriate therapy immediately. The direct diagnostic techniques including radionuclide pulmonary scan, spiral CT angiography, and pulmonary angiography could be based on a careful evaluation of the expected benefits and risks of the various available treatments.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the clinical features and prognosis in young patients with lung cancer who underwent resection. Methods: Statistical analysis was employed on sex, age, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, in 92 young cases younger than 40 years old among 930 cases with primary lung cancer who underwent surgery from January 1978 to December 1996. Results: There were 92 young patients with lung cancer, accounting for 9.89% of the total cases. They were 71 male and 21 female patients, with the ratio of 3.38:1.The histological types were 34 squamous cell carcinomas (37%), 30 adenocarcinomas (33%), 26 small cell carcinomas (28%), and two large cell carcinomas (2%). On TNM staging, there were 30 cases in stage I (32.6%), 30 in stage II (32.6%) and 32 in stage III (34.8%). Lobectomy was conducted in 54 patients (59%), pneumonectomy in 36 (39%) and wedge-shaped resection in two cases (2%). The rate of pneumonectomy in young patients was significantly higher than that of 18% in older patients (>40) with lung cancer (P

Calibrated Automated Thrombogram(CAT) is a test to monitor the generation of thrombin. It can be described by four parameters: lag time, peak thrombin, endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and time to peak (ttPeak). This study aims to determine the normal ranges of CAT parameters in Chinese, and evaluate whether thrombin generation is correlated with the concentration of heparin/low molecular weight heparin.Plasma from 120 healthy subjects were collected to determine the normal rangea of CAT parameters in Chinese. Normal plasma pool (NPP, n=25) spiked with different concentrations of heparin or enoxaparin were used to detecte CAT parameters. The overall and age specific normal ranges of CAT parameters were calculated using descriptive statistics method with mean±2SD. The correlation between CAT parameters and age or concentrations of heparin, enoxaparin were analyzed with linear regression model.The normal ranges for lag time, peak thrombin, ETP, ttPeak in the subjects were 3.648±2.465 min, 367.39±151.93 nmol/L, 2277±1030 nmol/L•min and 6.372±4.280 min respectively. Age was linearly correlated with lag time (r=-0.6583, P0.0001), peak thrombin (r=0.4863, P0.0001), ETP (r=0.3608, P0.0014) and ttPeak (r=-0.6313, P0.0001). The values of ETP/peak ratio were linearly correlated with concentrations of heparin.The normal ranges of four CAT parameters for Chinese were determined. CAT parameters are associated with age. ETP/peak ratio could be used to monitor the process of anticoagulation therapy.

1985年1月から1996年12月までの12年間に, 肺原発悪性線維性組織球腫 (MFH) 7例を経験した.平均年齢は57.1歳, 男性4例, 女性3例であった.自覚症状は血痰6例, 発熱1例であった.胸部X線像では1例は左肺の完全な無気肺であり, 6例は肺内の腫瘤影であった.気管支鏡検査では1例は左主気管支内に腫瘤, 1例は左下葉気管支に狭窄が認められたが, 生検と擦過細胞診では2例とも陰性であった.7例とも肺内悪性腫瘍の術前診断にて肺葉切除とリンパ節郭清術を施行した.その内訳は, 右上葉切除1例, 右上・中葉切除2例, 右下葉切除1例, 右下葉切除+横隔膜・肝臓部分切除1例, 左肺全摘除1例, 左下葉切除+心膜部分切除1例であった.予後は6例 (86%) が術後3ヵ月～18ヵ月で腫瘍死した.1例 (14%) が右下葉切除術後10ヵ月で右上葉に再発し, 放射線治療を受け術後4年を経過し再発なく健在である.

To detect genetic mutations underlying non-syndromic hearing impairment (NSHI) and establish a method for prenatal diagnosis.Sixty six NSHI patients were included in this study. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Genetic mutations were detected by gene chip analysis and direct sequencing of GJB2 gene. For 7 pregnant women at high risk, prenatal genetic diagnosis was provided.Fourteen cases (21.21%) were found to have GJB2 mutations by both methods (homozygous 235delC mutation in 3 cases, homozygous 176del16 mutation in 2 cases, 235delC and 299delAT compound heterozygous mutation in 2 cases, 299delAT and 176del16 compound heterozygous mutation in 1 case, c.339TG and 313del12bp compound heterozygous mutation 1 case, and 235delC heterozygous mutation in 5 cases). 13 (19.70%) had SLC26A4 mutations (IVS7-2 AG homozygous mutation in 2 cases, IVS7-2 AG homozygous mutation in 2 cases, IVS7-2 AG and 2168AG compound heterozygous mutation in 3 cases, 2168AG heterozygous mutation in 3 cases, and IVS7-2 heterozygous mutation in 3 cases); and 3 had mtDNA12S rRNA mutation (1555AG mutation in 2 cases, 1494CT mutation in 1 case). Prenatal diagnosis suggested that 3 fetuses have carried a heterozygous mutation. Two fetuses were detected as normal and confirmed to have normal hearing after birth. Two fetuses were found to have carried compound mutations of GJB2.Gene chip combined with GJB2 gene analysis is an accurate and effective method for the diagnosis of NSHI. The results can facilitate accurate prenatal diagnosis.

Shadow price is one of the most important parameters in national economy evaluation. The estimating model of shadow prices are studied based on Input-Output (IO) Analysis and the Input-output table 2005. An approach which uses accounting price ratios to express shadow prices is developed. Some improvements have been made against those past estimations of shadow prices. Case study said this approach has enhanced the credibility for the national economy evaluation system. Meanwhile, it has much higher practicability and maneuverability.

To study the relationship between 500 kinds of commonly used Chinese herbal medicine and the classification of their efficacies in Chinese Materia Medica in relation to the common diseases listed in Internal Medicine. Database retrieval frequency of the quantitative statistical method was adopted. First, the 8 980 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine recorded in Chinese Materia Medica were used as the original search objects, and 4 493 kinds which were cited in more than five articles were picked out and then rechecked for further title citations. Second, as judged based on the Criterion, the numbers of articles which included the medicines in the line of standards were examined. As a result, 500 species of Chinese herbal medicine were singled out based on their retrieval frequency and were then used for compilation of the classification statistics according to their efficacy and the common diseases in Internal Medicine. From the classification of Chinese medicines, herbs with wide efficiency and a meek nature had higher frequencies, but those which were not appropriate as decoctions had relatively lower frequencies. However, according to the average frequency, the Chinese herbal medicine for nourishing qi and tonifying blood, at 36 346 times and 34 544 times, respectively, were the most commonly used. Analyzed from the frequency of application of the Chinese medicine in the treatment of common diseases, most of the top 10 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine with the highest frequencies generally coincided with the 500 selected medicines. In addition, the Chinese medicines with clear pharmacological efficiency were easily isolated and purified to be made into injections, although other forms are more commonly used. The results of the research objectively reflected the current applications of Chinese herbal medicine, and could be used as references in teaching, research, clinical applications, and in compiling and increasing the drugs in textbooks and Pharmacopoeia.

There are a number of residences with low income in China that cannot afford the current electricity price. The lifeline electricity price is the price that the government set up to satisfy the basic living demand for low-income group. This paper aims at these people, the urban and rural, tries to develop a model of lifeline electricity price and consequently gives some suggestions for government.

To investigate the expression of Smad4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), its correlation with MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) and their clinical significance in NSCLC.Western blotting and RT-PCR were employed to test 42 resected lung cancers and normal lung tissues for the expression of Smad4. Imunohistochemistry was used to detect Smad4 and subtribes of MAPK in 71 paraffin samples.The level of protein and mRNA expression of Smad4 in lung cancer tissues were 0.2092 +/- 0.1308 and 0.3986 +/- 0. 1982, respectively, lower than those in normal tissues (0.7852 +/- 0.4386 and 1.1206 +/- 0.6772, P0.05). The expression of p38, ERK1 and Smad4 was associated with TNM staging (P = 0.000, 0.000 and 0.005, respectively) and JNK1 with tumor location (P = 0.028) and staging (P = 0.000). There was a correlation between p38 and Smad4 (P = 0.000). The expression of Smad4 (P = 0.0001), p38 (P = 0.0000) and JNK1 (P = 0.0208), tumor differentiation (P = 0.0059) and staging (P = 0.0000) were significantly correlated with prognosis of NSCLC by univariate analysis. Smad4 (P = 0.019), p38 (P = 0.044), tumor differentiation (P = 0.003), and staging (P = 0.020) were correlated with prognosis tested by multivariable analysis. Taking p38 and Smad4 together, we found that the negative expression of p38 and positive expression of Smad4 were associated with a better prognosis of NSCLC (P = 0.000).Smad4 could be of importance for the initiation and development of NSCLC. There is a significant correlation between main proteins of TGF-beta/smad4 and those of ras-MAPK signal transduction pathways. The expression of Smad4 is inhibited by p38. Smad4, as well as p38, tumor differentiation and staging can be used as prognostic factors of NSCLC.

To investigate the expression of promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) protein in lung carcinomas and the clinical significance thereof.A tumor tissue microarray with lung samples from 148 patients with lung carcinoma and 5 patients with pulmonary benign tumor, and 7 patients with other benign diseases resected during operation. The cases with at least triplicate 0.6-mm cores per tumor or tissue were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry (SP method) was used to detect the expression of PML protein. The association between PML expression and post-operational survival was evaluated.Four cases of lung carcinoma were excluded because their available cores were less than 3. The remaining 144 lung carcinoma cases included 45 cases with squamous cell carcinoma, 62 with adenocarcinoma, 23 with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), 7 with large cell carcinoma, 5 with pleomorphic carcinoma, 1 with carcinoid, and 1 with adenosquamous carcinoma. Forty of the 144 cases were PML protein positive in the nucleus, 26 were PML protein positive in the cytoplasm, and 12 were PML protein positive in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Among the 5 cases with benign lung tumors, two cases with pulmonary leiomyomas had strong expression of PML. Among the 7 normal pulmonary tissues, one case with bronchial mucosa had a moderate expression of PML on the nuclei in the basilar part, and the 6 cases with normal alveolar epithelium did not express PML. The rates of PML expression on cell nuclei were 31.4% and 8.7% respectively in the non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and SCLC samples (chi(2) = 4.968, P = 0.026). Farish, but not strong, expression on cytoplasm was found in 39.1% cases of SCLC and in 14% cases of NSCLC (chi(2) = 6.609, P = 0.010). PML protein was found in 9 patients with SCLC, but absent in the other 14 cases. The 5-year cumulative survival rate of the PML positive SCLC patients was 50%, significantly higher than that of the PML-negative SCLC patients (23%, chi(2) = 3.931, P = 0.047). Lack of PML protein (RR = 0.127, 95% CI = [0.027, 0.592]) and senior pathologic TNM stage (RR = 3.148, 95% CI = [1.029, 9.631]) were two hazardous factors that influenced long-term survival of postoperative SCLC patients.As an important suppressor of tumor, PML may be a useful indicator to predict postoperative prognosis in patients with SCLC.

Lung pleomorphic (spindle/giant cell) carcinoma is a rare epithelial malignant tumor. This study was to investigate its clinicopathologic and prognostic characteristics.Clinicopathologic records of 17 patients with lung pleomorphic (spindle/giant cell) carcinoma were reviewed and compared with those of the patients with other histopathologic types of lung cancer treated in the same period. All patients underwent surgical resection. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Cox proportional hazards model was used for prognostic analysis.The 17 patients consisted of 15 men and 2 women with median age of 58 (45-78)û 5 at stage I, 3 at stage II, and 9 at stage III by pathologic TNM staging. Of the 17 cases of lung pleomorphic (spindle/giant cell) carcinoma, 2 were lung exclusive spindle cell carcinoma, 5 were lung carcinoma with spindle cells (combined with one kind of epithelial components, such as squamous cell carcinoma in 3 cases, adenocarcinoma in 1 case, and large cell carcinoma in 1 case), 10 were lung carcinoma with giant cell carcinoma (combined with one kind of epithelial components in 5 cases, two kinds in another 5 cases). Four patients at stage I survived free of tumor for more than 5 years. The median survival time was significantly shorter in lung pleomorphic (spindle/giant cell) carcinoma patients than in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients (36 months vs. 61 months, P=0.027), and was also significantly longer in patients with carcinoma containing spindle cells (including spindle cell carcinoma) than in patients with carcinoma containing giant cells (64 months vs. 18 months,P=0.026). Lymph node metastasis and carcinoma containing giant cells were poor prognostic factors of lung pleomorphic (spindle/giant cell) carcinoma.Lung carcinoma containing giant cells has multiple cells components, and has worse prognosis than lung carcinoma containing spindle cells and spindle cells carcinoma do.

Lack of cultural knowledge, poor livelihood and inappropriate value orientation of electric power universal service recipient groups basically influence their electricity consumption habit in china. In order to assess the effect of power universal service distribution and measure the welfare of recipient groups, this paper researches individual electricity consumption mentality and behavior through behavioral economics theory, establishes a subjective welfare function tracing recipient individual based on cumulative prospect theory , constructs the recipient groups’ subjective welfare function following the traditional social welfare function and researches the influence of the changes of psychological reference points. Through example analysis combined with function feasibility, this paper proves the subjective well-being effect of recipient groups declines when the psychological reference point increases.

With the emergence of a “new economic norm” and the development of “economic integration in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei”, electricity demand situation in Beijing will change significantly in the future. To guide the planning and construction of power grid in Beijing, it is indispensable to predict electricity demand during the 13th Five-year. Since the factors and affecting mechanisms for electricity demand are different in different sectors, the total electricity consumption in this paper is divided into five parts: the first industry, industry, construction industry, the tertiary industry and resident sectors. The exponential smoothing method and co-integration theory are introduced to establish the forecasting model of electricity demand in different sectors. Therefore, based on the forecasting model and scenario analysis, the analysis results show that the total electricity consumption will grow at an annual rate of 4.9%-6.0% during 13th Five-Year-Plan period, and the consumption would reach more than 0.1397×1012 kWh in 2020.

To investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of cantharidin in human lung cancer cells A549 and its molecular mechanisms.MTT assay was used to determine A549 cells proliferation. Light and electron microscopy, FACScan, Annexin V-FITC staining and DNA gel electrophoresis were used to detect apoptosis. The expression of bcl-2, Bax and survivin were examined by Western blot.Cantharidin inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells. The cells treated with cantharidin showed a typical apoptotic morphology and hypodiploid peak before G(1) phase. Flow cytometry analysis with annexin quantitatively further confirmed the increase of cell apoptosis. DNA of treated A549 cells depicted a ladder pattern characteristic of apoptosis, indicating the presence of DNA fragmentation. Western blot assay showed that cantharidin increased the level of Bax expression and inhibited the level of bcl-2 and survivin expression.Cantharidin can induce A549 cells apoptosis mainly via regulation of Bax, bcl-2 and survivin expression.

In order to estimate and evaluate the blackout consequence in distribution network, a comprehensive evaluation index system including seven indexes was built, in which the blackouts loss for both users and power companies are fully considered. A comprehensive evaluation model based on AHP and improved grey clustering decision model was provided to evaluate the blackout consequence of different fault objects in distribution network. The improved GCDM model which can overcome the limitations of traditional whiten function, clustered different evaluation indexes and improved utilization of information and evaluation result. Finally, taking a distribution network as numerical example, AHP and improved GCDM model was implemented to evaluate and analyze the blackout consequences of different objects in distribution network. The results screen the differences in blackout consequence degree of fault objects effectively, indicating that this evaluation model is feasible and evaluation result can be referenced for power companies.

Distribution network equipment failure causes a serious impact on society. So a reasonable approach to reduce the consequences of equipment failure (ie, equipment failure affecting degrees) is necessary. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation method which combines fault traversal, AHP-TOPSIS method to ensure the degree of different equipment failures. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the impact of equipment failure, a distributed power is accessed into distribution network, and we compared the impact value before and after it accessed. A numerical example shows that the distributed power can reduce the consequences of equipment failure as well as the grid and social impacts.