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Abstract The high‐voltage pulse discharge technology, which is based on the electrohydraulic effect, can generate powerful, controllable, and repetitive electrohydraulic shock waves (EHSWs) in underground confined space, so it has been applied in the petroleum industry to improve the permeable of the reservoir. In this paper, a numerical model based on LS‐DYNA is built to study the damage analysis of the cement sheath and rock subjected to EHSWs during perforation completion. The results show that the stress state of the cement sheath and rock surrounding the perforation hole is determined by the shock pressure from both the perforation hole and the wellbore; the damage of the cement sheath and rock is mainly caused by tensile stress; the damage zone of the cement sheath is mainly distributed on the inner surface and near the perforation hole, while the damage zone of rock is distributed near the perforation hole; after multiple discharges, the damage of cement sheath and rock gradually accumulates, and the damage zone eventually forms a vertical plane along perforation holes. Overall, these results provide guidance for the safe application of the high‐voltage pulse discharge technology in the oil field.

Abstract Objective High‐risk types of diffuse gliomas in adults include isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild‐type glioblastomas and grade 4 astrocytomas. Achieving noninvasive prediction of high‐risk molecular subtypes of gliomas is important for personalized and precise diagnosis and treatment. Methods We retrospectively collected data from 116 patients diagnosed with adult diffuse gliomas. Multiple high‐risk molecular markers were tested, and various habitat models and whole‐tumor models were constructed based on preoperative routine and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) sequences to predict high‐risk molecular subtypes of gliomas. Feature selection and model construction utilized Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine (SVM). Finally, the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was employed to explore the correlation between habitat quantitative features (intra‐tumor heterogeneity score，ITH score) and heterogeneity, as well as high‐risk molecular subtypes. Results The results showed that the habitat analysis model based on DKI performed remarkably well (with AUC values reaching 0.977 and 0.902 in the training and test sets, respectively). The model's performance was further enhanced when combined with clinical variables. (The AUC values were 0.994 and 0.920, respectively.) Additionally, we found a close correlation between ITH score and heterogeneity, with statistically significant differences observed between high‐risk and non‐high‐risk molecular subtypes. Interpretation The habitat model based on DKI is an ideal means for preoperatively predicting high‐risk molecular subtypes of gliomas, holding significant value for noninvasively alerting malignant gliomas and those with malignant transformation potential.

Abstract This study was focused on a specific blue‒green pigment applied on the edges of the green blocks of wall paintings in the Kizil Grottoes, the earliest Buddhist cave complex in China containing many wall paintings. Based on in situ portable XRF analyses, μ-Raman spectroscope, elemental analysis (SEM–EDS and EPMA-WDS) and μ-XRPD analyses, the pigment was proven to be lavendulan [NaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O], which has not been reported in ancient wall painting studies before. Lavendulan was found to coexist with atacamite [Cu2(OH)3Cl] in some of the samples in the study and showed a nanoneedle-like morphology. Further investigations of lavendulan revealed that it was probably not originally used as a pigment but was generated by the transformation of atacamite under the influence of arsenates [As(V)] and Na+. This phenomenon and the related mechanism were discovered in this study and are discussed in this paper. As an important cultural heritage site in the Silk Road, the Route Network of the Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor and the Kizil Grottoes are listed as UNESCO World and Natural Heritage sites. The pigment types and preservation conditions of wall paintings are similar to those of many wall paintings found along the Silk Road, and further attention should be given to this discolouration mechanism for heritage site conservation.

Abstract Third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), exemplified by osimertinib, have demonstrated promising clinical efficacy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our previous work has identified ASK120067 as a novel third-generation EGFR TKI with remarkable antitumor effects that has undergone New Drug Application (NDA) submission in China. Despite substantial progress, acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs remains a significant challenge, impeding the long-term effectiveness of therapeutic approaches. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation utilizing high-throughput proteomics analysis on established TKI-resistant tumor models, and found a notable upregulation of branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) expression in both osimertinib- and ASK120067-resistant tumors compared with the parental TKI-sensitive NSCLC tumors. Genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of BCAT1 impaired the growth of resistant cells and partially re-sensitized tumor cells to EGFR TKIs. Mechanistically, upregulated BCAT1 in resistant cells reprogrammed branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism and promoted alpha ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent demethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27) and subsequent transcriptional derepression of glycolysis-related genes, thereby enhancing glycolysis and promoting tumor progression. Moreover, we identified WQQ-345 as a novel BCAT1 inhibitor exhibiting antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo against TKI-resistant lung cancer with high BCAT1 expression. In summary, our study highlighted the crucial role of BCAT1 in mediating resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKIs through epigenetic activation of glycolysis in NSCLC, thereby supporting BCAT1 as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of TKI-resistant NSCLC.

Abstract The HBV core protein (HBc) is an important viral protein of HBV that plays an indispensable role in the lifecycle of HBV, including capsid assembly and transport, reverse transcription and virus release. In recent years, evidence has shown that HBc may be involved in the malignant progression of HCC. Thus, HBc is an attractive target for antiviral agents and provides a new strategy for the treatment of HBV-related HCC. Here, we identified a novel anti‐HBc compound—colchicine, an alkaloid compound—that promoted selective autophagic degradation of HBc through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway. We further confirmed that colchicine promoted the selective autophagy of HBc by enhancing the binding of HBc to the autophagy receptor p62. Finally, we evaluated the effects of colchicine on HBV replication and HBc-mediated HCC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Our research indicated that the inhibitory effects of colchicine on HBV and HBV-related HCC depend on the selective autophagic degradation of HBc. Thus, colchicine is not only a promising therapeutic strategy for chronic hepatitis B but also a new treatment for HBV-related HCC.

Abstract Background Fifteen-and-a-Half Syndrome is an uncommon clinical presentation characterized by the coexistence of one-and-a-half syndrome and bilateral facial palsy. In this study, we provide a comprehensive description of symptom evolution and imaging changes in a patient with Fifteen-and-a-Half Syndrome. Case presentation A 54-year-old male presented with sudden onset of one-and-a-half syndrome, which gradually progressed to fifteen-and-a-half syndrome. The final diagnosis was confirmed to be pontine infarction which occurred at the midline of the pontine tegmentum. Conclusion This case highlights the diverse and progressive early clinical manifestations associated with Fifteen-and-a-half Syndrome. Currently, all reported cases of this syndrome are linked to brainstem infarction; however, early differential diagnosis is crucial to ensure prompt initiation of appropriate treatment for affected patients.

Abstract Background The increase in the number of substitutions allowed in football from three to five has profoundly influenced the game. The impact of the rule change on the FIFA World Cup needs further verification. Methods A total of 2,151 team substitution opportunities and 2,410 substitutions in 384 matches from six FIFA World Cups (2002–2022) were analyzed to assess its impact. One-way ANOVA was used to assess differences in average substitution times among the six FIFA World Cups. Factors affecting the time of substitutions were explored using Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Results In each FIFA World Cup, over 92% of substitutions occurred during half-time and the second half, with a higher proportion in knockout stage matches than group stage matches. Group stage substitutions tended to happen earlier, particularly when teams were losing. As allowed substitutions increased, multiple substitutions in one opportunity rose from 4% to 38%. Of the 2,410 substitutions in the six FIFA World Cups, 21.45% were offensive, 63.65% were neutral and 14.90% were defensive. Winning teams made the highest percentage of defensive substitutions, while drawing or losing teams made the highest percentage of offensive substitutions. Match status significantly affected the time of the first three substitutions, and the presence of extra time significantly affected the time of the fourth substitution. Conclusion Analysis of substitutions in FIFA World Cups (2002–2022) reveals: Most substitutions occur during halftime and the second half; Substitutions are earlier in group stages, especially for losing teams; Increased allowed substitutions lead to more multiple-player substitutions; Defensive substitutions are more common when winning, while offensive ones are frequent when drawing or losing; Match status, ranking gap, extra time, game round, and substitution rules significantly influence the time of team substitutions.

The professional certification of engineering education is an important measure in training the engineering talents in new era. Its education concept happens to coincide with the goal of ''curriculum ideological and political education (CIPE)'' of specialized courses. Under the background of engineering certification of food science and engineering, this paper summarized the curriculum characteristics of Food Machinery and Equipment, explored the ideological and political elements of the curriculum, and analyzed the relationship between the objectives of curriculum and CIPE based on the Outcomes-based Education (OBE) concept. Besides, the strategies for the integration of CIPE with the professional certification system of engineering education were discussed. The evaluation and continuous improvement plan for CIPE were also set up based on the OBE concept. This study would provide basis and supports for further improving the level of CIPE in specialized courses, and implementing the fundamental task of morality cultivation.

Abstract Disruption of the alveolar barrier can trigger acute lung injury. This study elucidated the association of methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3) with Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP)‐induced apoptosis and inflammatory injury of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). AECs were cultured and then infected with SP. Furthermore, the expression of METTL3, interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), long noncoding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), mucin 19 (MUC19), N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), and NEAT1 after m6A modification were detected by qRT‐PCR, Western blot, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent, m6A quantification, and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation‐qPCR analyses, respectively. Moreover, the subcellular localization of NEAT1 was analyzed by nuclear/cytosol fractionation assay, and the binding between NEAT1 and CCCTC‐binding factor (CTCF) was also analyzed. The results of this investigation revealed that SP‐induced apoptosis and inflammatory injury in AECs and upregulated METTL3 expression. In addition, the downregulation of METTL3 alleviated apoptosis and inflammatory injury in AECs. METTL3‐mediated m6A modification increased NEAT1 and promoted its binding with CTCF to facilitate MUC19 transcription. NEAT1 or MUC19 overexpression disrupted their protective role of silencing METTL3 in AECs, thereby increasing apoptosis and inflammatory injury. In conclusion, this is the first study to suggest that METTL3 aggravates SP‐induced cell damage via the NEAT1/CTCF/MUC19 axis.

To clarify the mechanical characteristics of tight sandstone in the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation of Kuqa Depression in Tarim Basin, and address field issues in deep and ultra-deep oil and gas exploration and development, triaxial compression experiments were used to quantitatively study the patterns of changes in rock mechanical properties influenced by confining pressure, fluid, and loading rate, with a preliminary analysis of their causes. The results showed that the maximum principal stress difference and elastic modulus of the sandstone samples increased significantly with confining pressure. The micro-reason was that the increase in confining pressure reduced the distance between particles inside the rock, enhancing the rock's cohesion and making particle dispersion less likely. Sandstone samples exhibited a progression from brittleness under low confining pressure to brittle-ductile transformation, and to ductile deformation under high confining pressure. Compared with dry sandstone samples, the reduction in the elastic modulus of samples soaked in pure water, 150 g/L solution, 250 g/L solution, and 350 g/L solution were 67.71%, 61.45%, 64.69%, and 57.32%, respectively, with pure water soaking causing the greatest reduction. Increasing fluid salinity could mitigate the weakening trend in rock mechanical parameters. Crystallization on crystal surfaces and changes in the electric double layer thickness were important controlling factors for these patterns. At lower loading rates, the values for maximum principal stress difference, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the sandstone samples were smaller, but they increased faster with increasing loading rates. When the loading rate reached a certain critical value (around 0.05 mm/min in this experiment), the rate of increase in rock mechanical parameters slowed down.

To enhance the development efficiency of ultra-deep fault-controlled carbonate reservoirs, large-scale rock mechanical experiments were conducted to reveal the deformation and connectivity mechanisms of high-angle to near-vertical fault surfaces. Based on the mechanical and flow coupling principles of high-pressure water injection production, geomechanical modeling was employed to clarify the current in-situ stress field and fault activity distribution patterns in fault-controlled carbonate reservoirs. Significant differences were found in fault activities in different directions and in the connectivity of fracture and cavity bodies in different parts. The development effects of different wellbore trajectories were then analyzed, and an integrated geological and engineering working method was proposed to scientifically guide the design of wellbore trajectories and the optimization of water injection schemes. The results show: ① Large-scale fractured bodies and high-angle fracture systems in strike-slip fault deformation are key factors affecting reservoir quality. High-pressure water injection can activate existing fractures on one hand, and on the other hand, it can extend and expand based on existing fractures, even generating new fractures, promoting the interconnection of fault-controlled fracture and cavity bodies in both vertical and horizontal directions; ② During the high-pressure water injection process, coupling changes between mechanics and flow occur inside the fault body, improving the seepage environment, and increasing oil and gas recovery rate through cyclic lifting; ③ According to the shape and the occurrence of the fault body, and the dynamic shear deformation connectivity of the fault surface, the best well point and well trajectory for directional wells can be selected, and the water injection scheme can be optimized; ④ In the fault-controlled oil reservoir test area of Tarim Basin, the recovery rate was increased by 5% through high-pressure water injection. This method provides a good theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient development of ultra-deep fault-controlled reservoirs.

A series of large-scale north-dipping faults and imbricate folding structures have developed in the Cretaceous ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs in Bozi-Dabei area of Kuqa Depression of Tarim Basin under the north-to-south thrust-nappe movement in this area. This complex structural morphology results in highly variable in-situ stress fields, leading to significant differences in reservoir modification effectiveness. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the disturbance characteristics of the in-situ stress caused by the complex structures in the study area. In this study, multiple methods were combined for the accurate interpretation of the current in-situ stress of a single well. The disturbance effects of faults, folds, and fault-fold composite structures on the in-situ stress were analyzed separately. The relevant disturbance mechanisms were identified, and a zoning map of the disturbance characte-ristics of the in-situ stress for the study area was presented. Based on these disturbance characteristics, models of in-situ stress disturbance for different structures, as well as recommendations for well deployment and trajectory, were proposed. Faults exhibit an unloading effect on the in-situ stress, leading to varying degrees of reduction in the horizontal principal stress gradient near the faults, with the maximum reduced by about 0.3 MPa/hm. Near EW-oriented faults, the regional stress direction near SN exhibits a clockwise deflection, with the maximum deflection angle reaching 60°. The disturbance range of faults with different scales is approximately 60% of the fault throw. A disturbance of the in-situ stress appears when the strata curvature exceeds 0.4 km-1. The in-situ stress is lower than the regional stress in the upper tensile disturbance zone of the folded strata, while it increases in the lower compressive disturbance zone. In the tensile disturbance zone, the maximum decrease in the horizontal principal stress gradient is approximately 0.3 MPa/hm, with the stress direction deflecting counterclockwise, reaching a maximum deflection angle of 70°. The greater the fold deformation curvature, the thicker the tensile disturbance zone, and the more significant the disturbance. Under fault-fold composite structures, the superposition of fault disturbance zones and fold tensile disturbance zones further reduces the magnitude of the in-situ stress. After offsetting the disturbance effects of both, the in-situ stress direction deviates less or does not deviate at all from the regional stress. Considering the difficulty of reservoir modification and the characteristics of tight gas enrichment, drilling should be prioritized in the overlapping areas of faults and fold tensile disturbance zones within the fault-fold composite structure zone. It is recommended that the drilling depth should not exceed the neutral plane of the folds, and the horizontal well trajectory should be designed along the EW direction.

To optimize the identification of sweet spots with natural fracture development in ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs of Cretaceous in the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, this study systematically analyzed the differences in rock mechanical properties across various sedimentary microfacies in the BZ gas field. Utilizing data from outcrops, rock slices, imaging logging, and other sources, a method for optimizing the rock mechanics parameter model of reservoirs was proposed, which enhanced the prediction accuracy of natural fractures within 200 m around the wellbore. Key findings of the research include: (1) In the third member of the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in the BZ gas field, different sedimentary microfacies and the same microfacies at different positions had differences in rock composition and rock assemblages (including debris content, matrix content, grain size sorting, sand-to-mud ratio, and sand-mudstone combinations). These variations affected the reservoir's Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus, and different microfacies had different rock mechanical parameters. (2) The extent of fracture development differed across various sedimentary microfacies of sand bodies. Fractures were most developed in the underwater distributary channel sandstones at the fan delta front, making them more prone to fracturing compared to the interdistributary bay microfacies and distributary channel microfacies on the delta plain. (3) By further establishing three-dimensional models of different microfacies based on geometric parameters derived from outcrops, it would be feasible to optimize sedimentary microfacies models and rock mechanical parameter models around the wellbore, thereby facilitating more accurate fracture prediction.

Efficient exploration and development of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs are key objectives in current global energy geological research. The concept of "geomechanical strata and oil and gas exploration and development" represents a cutting-edge research area internationally. Establishing an effective method for dividing geomechanical layers holds both theoretical and practical significance for the efficient exploration and economical development of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs. Currently, the state of in-situ stress affects the effectiveness of natural fractures, while the development and distribution of fractures impact the mechanical properties of rocks, which influence the the distribution of in-situ stress. However, the existing "rock mechanical stratigraphy theory" fails to comprehensively cover the coupling relationships among these three factors. In response, this study introduced a method for the quantitative division of geomechanical strata based on six parameters: minimum horizontal principal stress, difference in horizontal stress, elastic modulus, angle between the current dominant stress orientation and the natural fracture orientation, natural fracture density, and stress concentration factor. An analysis of well W in the Dabei area of the Kelasu structural belt, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, demonstrated that the target layers at the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation exhibited strong vertical geomechanical heterogeneity. The geomechanical strata of the reservoir correlated well with the development sections of the gas layers. Therefore, with the results of geomechanical strata division, it is possible to guide the optimization of sweet spots in ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs.

Abstract Background Abnormalities in T cell activation play an important role in the pathogenesis of myocarditis, and persistent T cell responses can lead to autoimmunity and chronic cardiac inflammation, as well as even dilated cardiomyopathy. Although previous work has examined the role of T cells in myocarditis in animal models, the specific mechanism for human cardiomyocytes has not been investigated. Methods In this study, we constructed the human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and established the T cell-mediated cardiac injury model by co-culturing with activated CD4 + T or CD8 + T cells that were isolated from peripheral mononuclear blood to elucidate the pathogenesis of myocardial cell injury caused by inflammation. Results By combination of quantitative proteomics with tissue and cell immunofluorescence examination, we established a proteome profile of inflammatory myocardia from hiPSC-CMs with obvious cardiomyocyte injury and increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase content, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB and cardiac troponin. A series of molecular dysfunctions of hiPSC-CMs was observed and indicated that CD4 + cells could produce direct cardiomyocyte injury by activating the NOD-like receptor signals pathway. Conclusions The data presented in our study established a proteome map of inflammatory myocardial based on hiPSC-CMs injury model. These results can provide guidance in the discovery of improved clinical treatments for myocarditis.

Abstract Background The emergence of plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (mcr) gene poses a great challenge to the clinical application of polymyxins. To date, mcr-1 to mcr-10 have been found in animals, humans, and the environment. Among them, mcr-8 was first identified in Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) of swine origin, and then mcr-8.1 to mcr-8.5 were successively identified. Notably, K. pneumoniae is the major host of the mcr-8 gene in both animals and humans. This study aims to explore the characteristics of K. pneumoniae strains carrying the mcr-8 gene and tmexCD1-toprJ1 gene cluster and investigate the correlation between these two antibiotic resistance genes. Methods The isolates from the poultry farms and the surrounding villages were identified by mass spectrometer, and the strains positive for mcr-1 to mcr-10 were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The size of the plasmid and the antimicrobial resistance genes carried were confirmed by S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE) and Southern hybridization, and the transferability of the plasmid was verified by conjugation experiments. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were used to characterize the strains. Results Two K. pneumoniae isolates (KP26 and KP29) displaying polymyxin resistance were identified as mcr-8 gene carriers. Besides that, tigecycline-resistant gene cluster tmexCD1-toprJ1 was also found on the other plasmid which conferred strain resistance to tigecycline. Through epidemiological analysis, we found that the mcr-8 gene has dispersed globally, circulating in the human, animals, and the environment. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that the coexistence of mcr-8 and tmexCD1-toprJ1 on a single plasmid might evolved through plasmid recombination. Conclusions Although the mcr-8 and tmexCD1-toprJ1 gene clusters in the two strains of K. pneumoniae in this study were on two different plasmids, they still pose a potential threat to public health, requiring close monitoring and further study.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. GC is determined by multiple (epi)genetic and environmental factors; can occur at distinct anatomic positions of the stomach; and displays high heterogeneity, with different cellular origins and diverse histological and molecular features. This heterogeneity has hindered efforts to fully understand the pathology of GC and develop efficient therapeutics. In the past decade, great progress has been made in the study of GC, particularly in molecular subtyping, investigation of the immune microenvironment, and defining the evolutionary path and dynamics. Preclinical mouse models, particularly immunocompetent models that mimic the cellular and molecular features of human GC, in combination with organoid culture and clinical studies, have provided powerful tools for elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying GC pathology and immune evasion, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Herein, we first briefly introduce current progress and challenges in GC study and subsequently summarize immunocompetent GC mouse models, emphasizing the potential application of genetically engineered mouse models in antitumor immunity and immunotherapy studies.

Abstract As the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Glioblastoma (GBM) rises globally, the relationship between T2DM and GBM remains controversial. This study aims to investigate whether genetically predicted T2DM is causally associated with GBM. We performed bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using data from genome-wide studies on T2DM (N = 62,892) and GBM (N = 218,792) in European populations. The results of the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach served as the primary outcomes. We applied Cochran’s Q test and MR-Egger regression for heterogeneity assessment. Leave-one-out analysis was used to evaluate whether any single SNP significantly influenced the observed effect. Our findings reveal a significant causal association between T2DM and an increased risk of GBM (OR [95% CI] 1.70 [1.09, 2.65], P = 0.019). Conversely, the reverse association between T2DM and GBM was insignificant (OR [95% CI] 1.00 [0.99, 1.01], P = 0.408) (P > 0.40). Furthermore, the results from Cochran’s Q-test and funnel plots in the MR-Egger method indicated no evidence of pleiotropy between the SNPs and GBM. Additionally, we mapped causal SNPs to genes and identified 10 genes, including MACF1, C1orf185, PTGFRN, NOTCH2, ABCB10, GCKR, THADA, RBMS1, SPHKAP, and PPARG, located on chromosomes 1, 2, and 3. These genes are involved in key biological processes such as the BMP signaling pathway and various metabolic pathways relevant to both conditions. This study provides robust evidence of a significant causal relationship between T2DM and an increased risk of GBM. The identified SNP-mapped genes highlight potential biological mechanisms underlying this association.

Abstract Background Delayed spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) following central neuraxial block (CNB) is a rare but serious complication. The underlying causes of SEH associated with neuraxial anesthesia are still unclear. Furthermore, the decision between surgical intervention and conservative management for SEH remains a complex and unresolved issue. Case Presentation We report a case of delayed SEH in a 73-year-old woman who underwent vaginal hysterectomy under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, with the administration of postoperative anticoagulants to prevent deep vein thrombosis on the 1st postoperative day (POD). She experienced symptoms 56 h after CNB. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a dorsal SEH at the L1-L4 level with compression of the thecal sac. On conservative treatment, full recovery was achieved after six months. Conclusions This case reminds anesthesiologists should be alert to the possible occurrence of a delayed SEH following CNB, particularly with the administration of anticoagulants. Immediate neurological evaluation of neurological deficit and MRI are advised. Conservative treatment combined with close and dynamic neurological function monitoring may be feasible for patients with mild or nonprogressive symptoms even spontaneous recovery.

Abstract At present, the multi‐object tracking method based on transformer generally uses its powerful self‐attention mechanism and global modelling ability to improve the accuracy of object tracking. However, most existing methods excessively rely on hardware devices, leading to an inconsistency between accuracy and speed in practical applications. Therefore, a lightweight transformer joint position awareness algorithm is proposed to solve the above problems. Firstly, a joint attention module to enhance the ShuffleNet V2 network is proposed. This module comprises the spatio‐temporal pyramid module and the convolutional block attention module. The spatio‐temporal pyramid module fuses multi‐scale features to capture information on different spatial and temporal scales. The convolutional block attention module aggregates channel and spatial dimension information to enhance the representation ability of the model. Then, a position encoding generator module and a dynamic template update strategy are proposed to solve the occlusion. Group convolution is adopted in the input sequence through position encoding generator module, with each convolution group responsible for handling the relative positional relationships of a specific range. In order to improve the reliability of the template, dynamic template update strategy is used to update the template at the appropriate time. The effectiveness of the approach is validated on the MOT16, MOT17, and MOT20 datasets.

Abstract Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) experience relapse and drug resistance; therefore, novel treatments are essential. Clotrimazole (CTZ) is a wide-spectrum antifungal drug with antitumor activity. However, CTZ’s effects on MM are unclear. We investigated CTZ’s effect on MM cell proliferation and apoptosis induction mechanisms. CTZ’s effects on MM.1S, NCI- H929, KMS-11, and U266 cell growth were investigated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The apoptotic cell percentage was quantified with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/7-amino actinomycin D staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cell cycle progression were evaluated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured via fluorescence microscopy. Expression of apoptosis-related and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling proteins was analyzed using western blotting. The CCK-8 assay indicated that CTZ inhibited cell proliferation based on both dose and exposure time. Flow cytometry revealed that CTZ decreased apoptosis and MMP and induced G0/G1 arrest. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that CTZ dose-dependently elevated in both total and mitochondrial ROS production. Western blotting showed that CTZ enhanced Bax and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase and caspase-3 while decreasing Bcl-2, p-p65, and p-IκBα. Therefore, CTZ inhibits MM cell proliferation by promoting ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis, inducing G0/G1 arrest, inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, and has the potential for treating MM.

Abstract Drug resistance remains a significant challenge in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The development of drug-resistant cell lines is crucial to understanding the underlying mechanisms of resistance and developing novel drugs to improve clinical outcomes. Here, a novel pancreatic cancer cell line, PDAC-X1, derived from Chinese patients has been established. PDAC-X1 was characterized by the immune phenotype, biology, genetics, molecular characteristics, and tumorigenicity. In vitro analysis revealed that PDAC-X1 cells exhibited epithelial morphology and cell markers (CK7 and CK19), expressed cancer-associated markers (E-cadherin, Vimentin, Ki-67, CEA, CA19-9), and produced pancreatic cancer-like organs in suspension culture. In vivo analysis showed that PDAC-X1 cells maintained tumorigenicity with a 100% tumor formation rate. This cell line exhibited a complex karyotype, dominated by subtriploid karyotypes. In addition, PDAC-X1 cells exhibited intrinsic multidrug resistance to multiple drugs, including gemcitabine, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin. In conclusion, the PDAC-X1 cell line has been established and characterized, representing a useful and valuable preclinical model to study the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance and develop novel drug therapeutics to improve patient outcomes.

Abstract Background Elevation of carpal tunnel pressure is known to be associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. This study aimed to correlate the shear wave elastography in the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) with carpal tunnel pressures using a cadaveric model. Methods Eight human cadaveric hands were dissected to evacuate the tunnels. A medical balloon was inserted into each tunnel and connected to a pressure regulator to simulate tunnel pressure in the range of 0-210 mmHg with an increment of 30 mmHg. Shear wave velocity and modulus was measure in the middle of TCL. Results SWV and SWE were significantly dependent on the pressure levels (p

Abstract Background High doses of long-acting opioids were used to facilitate off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting procedure, which may result in opioid-related adverse events after surgery. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) had been reported to be effective in reducing intraoperative opioids consumption during surgery. The aim of this study is to assess whether TEAS with difference acupoints can reduce the doses of opioid analgesics. Methods This was a multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. Patients underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting under general anesthesia were enrolled. Eligible patients were randomly and equally grouped into sham acupuncture group (n = 105), regional acupoints combination group (n = 105), or distal–proximal acupoints combination group (n = 105) using a centralized computer-generated randomization system. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation was applied for 30 min before anesthesia induction. The primary outcome was the doses of sufentanil during anesthesia. Secondary outcomes included the highest postoperative vasoactive-inotropic scores within 24 h, intraoperative propofol consumption, length of mechanical ventilation, duration of cardiac care unit and postoperative hospital stay, incidence of postoperative complications, and mortality within 30 days after surgery. Results Of the 315 randomized patients, 313 completed the trial. In the modified intention-to-treat analysis, the doses of sufentanil were 303.9 (10.8) μg in the distal–proximal acupoints group, significantly lower than the sham group, and the mean difference was − 34.9 (− 64.9 to − 4.9) μg, p = 0.023. The consumption of sufentanil was lower in distal–proximal group than regional group (303.9 vs. 339.5), and mean difference was − 35.5 (− 65.6 to − 5.5) μg, p = 0.020. The distal–proximal group showed 10% reduction in opioids consumption comparing to both regional and sham groups. Secondary outcomes were comparable among three groups. Conclusion Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation with distal–proximal acupoints combination, compared to regional acupoints combination and sham acupuncture, significantly reduced sufentanil consumption in patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the second most common cancer with the highest mortality in the world. Calumenin as a molecular chaperone that not only binds various proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum but also plays crucial roles in diverse processes associated with tumor development. However, the regulatory mechanism of calumenin in lung adenocarcinoma remains elusive. Here, we studied the impact of calumenin on lung adenocarcinoma and explored possible mechanisms. Methods 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine assay, colony formation, transwell and wound healing assays were performed to explore the effects of calumenin on the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells. To gain insights into the underlying mechanisms through which calumenin knockdown inhibits the migration and proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma, we performed Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis based on transcriptomics by comparing calumenin knockdown with normal A549 cells. Results The mRNA and protein levels of calumenin in lung adenocarcinoma are highly expressed and they are related to an unfavorable prognosis in this disease. Calumenin enhances the proliferation and migration of A549 and H1299 cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that knockdown of calumenin in A549 cells significantly inhibited MYC and V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog signaling pathways while activating interferon signals, inflammatory signals, and p53 pathways. Ingenuity pathway analysis provided additional insights, indicating that the interferon and inflammatory pathways were prominently activated upon calumenin knockdown in A549 cells. Conclusions The anti-cancer mechanism of calumenin knockdown might be related to the inhibition of MYC and KRAS signals but the activation of interferon signals, inflammatory signals and p53 pathways.

Abstract Objective The Center for Neurologic Study Bulbar Function Scale (CNS-BFS) was specifically designed as a self-reported measure of bulbar function. The purpose of this research was to validate the Chinese translation of the CNS-BFSC as an effective measurement for the Chinese population with ALS. Methods A total of 111 ALS patients were included in this study. The CNS-BFSC score, three bulbar function items from the ALSFRS-R, and visual analog scale (VAS) score for speech, swallowing and salivation were assessed in the present study. Forty-six ALS patients were retested on the same scale 5–10 days after the first evaluation. Results The CNS-BFSC sialorrhea, speech and swallowing subscores were separately correlated with the VAS subscores (p 0.05). The Cronbach’s α of the CNS-BFSC was 0.972. Conclusion The Chinese version of the CNS-BFSC has acceptable efficacy and reliability for the assessment of bulbar dysfunction in ALS patients.

Enhancing the economic resilience of agriculture is essential for promoting sustainable and high-quality agricultural development. The emergence of digital technology has created new opportunities in this field. However, existing research predominantly focuses on traditional agricultural factors and technologies. Therefore, the impact of digital technology on agricultural economic resilience within the broader context of the “production–operation–industry” system in agriculture has not been comprehensively explored. To bridge this gap, this study analyzes panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2020. It employs the static Van Dorn’s law and a dynamic spatial panel model to examine how digital technology empowers agricultural resilience. The findings indicate a continuous strengthening of digital technology development in China, albeit with significant polarization and spatial imbalances. Moreover, the resilience of the agricultural economy undergoes notable fluctuations, initially narrowing and subsequently displaying an upward trend. Digital technology clearly plays a pivotal role in empowering resilience through agricultural scale operation, industrial transformation, and technological progress. Its impact, particularly on the promotion of resilience in the eastern region and non-grain-producing areas and on high-level agricultural economies, also shows regional and technological variations.

To address data scarcity on long-term glacial discharge and inadequacies in simulating and predicting hydrological processes in the Tien Shan, this study analysed the observed discharge at multiple timescales over 1980s–2017 and projected changes within a representative glacierized high-mountain region: eastern Tien Shan, Central Asia. Hydrological processes were simulated to predict changes under four future scenarios (SSP1, SSP2, SSP3, and SSP5) using a classical hydrological model coupled with a glacier dynamics module. Discharge rates at annual, monthly (June, July, August) and daily timescales were obtained from two hydrological gauges: Urumqi Glacier No.1 hydrological station (UGH) and Zongkong station (ZK). Overall, annual and summer discharge increased significantly (p

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common gastrointestinal malignancy with a high incidence and poor prognosis. The subunits of the integrator complex (INTS1-14) play a crucial role in regulating genes dependent on RNA Polymerase II, which may be associated with cancer. However, the role of INTSs in HCC remains unclear. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the clinical value and potential role of INTS family genes in HCC through systematic bioinformatics analysis. Methods We employed various public databases, including UALCAN, HPA, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, GEPIA2, TNMplot, STRING, TIMER, and TISIDB, to investigate the expression levels, clinicopathological correlations, diagnostic and prognostic value, genetic alterations, co-expression network, molecular targets, and immune infiltration of INTSs in HCC. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were utilized to investigate the biological functions of genes associated with INTSs. Furthermore, Western blot, real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunohistochemistry techniques were employed to assess the expression of relevant proteins and genes. The proliferation of HCC cells was evaluated using the CCK8 assay. Results We found that in HCC, there was a significant upregulation of INTSs at the transcriptional level, particularly INTS1, INTS4, INTS7, and INTS8. Additionally, the protein levels of INTS1 and INTS8 were notably elevated. The overexpression of these INTSs was strongly correlated with tumor stages in HCC patients. INTS1, INTS4, INTS7, and INTS8 exhibited significant diagnostic and prognostic value in HCC. Moreover, their expression was associated with immune infiltrations and activated status, including B cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, NK cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Functional predictions indicated that INTS1, INTS4, INTS7, and INTS8 were involved in various cancer-related signaling pathways, such as TRAIL, IFN-gamma, mTOR, CDC42, Apoptosis, and the p53 pathway. Furthermore, we observed a significant upregulation of INTS1, INTS4, INTS7, and INTS8 expression in HCC cell lines compared to normal liver cell lines. The level of INTS1 protein was higher in cancerous tissues compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues (n = 16), and the suppression of INTS1 resulted in a significant decrease in the proliferation of Huh7 cells. Conclusion These findings indicate the potential of INTS family genes as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HCC. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and explore clinical applications.

Abstract The cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi, a polyphagous pest, poses a significant threat to the global citrus industry. The hermaphroditic self-fertilization observed in I. purchasi is an exceptionally rare reproductive mode among insects. In this study, we successfully assembled a chromosome-level genome sequence for I. purchasi using PacBio long-reads and the Hi-C technique, resulting in a total size of 1,103.38 Mb and a contig N50 of 12.81 Mb. The genome comprises 14,046 predicted protein-coding genes, with 462,722,633 bp occurrence of repetitive sequences. BUSCO analysis revealed a completeness score of 93.20%. The genome sequence of I. purchasi serves as a crucial resource for comprehending the reproductive modes in insects, with particular emphasis on hermaphroditic self-fertilization.

Abstract The etiology and pathophysiology of heart failure are still unknown. Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) expression may be associated with the development of heart failure. Therefore, this study aims to explore key miRNAs, TFs, and related genes in heart failure to gain a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of heart failure. To search and download the dataset of mRNA chips related to heart failure from the GEO database (GSE59867, GSE9128, and GSE134766), we analyzed differential genes and screened the common differentially expressed genes on two chips using R language software. The binary interactions and circuits among miRNAs, TFs, and corresponding genes were determined by Pearson correlation coefficient. A regulatory network of miRNAs, TFs, and target genes was constructed based on bioinformatics. By comparing the sequences of patients with and without heart failure, five downregulated genes with hypermethylated mRNA and three upregulated genes with hypomethylated mRNA were identified. The miRNA-TF gene regulatory network consisted of 26 miRNAs, 22 TFs and six genes. GO and KEGG analysis results revealed that BP terms like cellular response to organic substance, cellular response to cytokine stimulus, and KEGG pathways like osteoclast differentiation, MAPK signaling pathway, and legionellosis were enriched of the DEGs. TMEM87A, PPP2R2A, DUSP1, and miR-92a have great potential as biomarkers for heart failure. The integrated analysis of the mRNA expression spectrum and microRNA-transcription factor-gene revealed the regulatory network of heart failure, which may provide clues to its alternative treatment.

Abstract. Background:. Although overnight fasting is recommended prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), the benefits and safety of high-carbohydrate fluid diet (CFD) intake 2 h before ERCP remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze whether high-CFD intake 2 h before ERCP can be safe and accelerate patients' recovery. Methods:. This prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial involved 15 tertiary ERCP centers. A total of 1330 patients were randomized into CFD group (n = 665) and fasting group (n = 665). The CFD group received 400 mL of maltodextrin orally 2 h before ERCP, while the control group abstained from food/water overnight (>6 h) before ERCP. All ERCP procedures were performed using deep sedation with intravenous propofol. The investigators were blinded but not the patients. The primary outcomes included postoperative fatigue and abdominal pain score, and the secondary outcomes included complications and changes in metabolic indicators. The outcomes were analyzed according to a modified intention-to-treat principle. Results:. The post-ERCP fatigue scores were significantly lower at 4 h (4.1 ± 2.6 vs. 4.8 ± 2.8, t = 4.23, P

Abstract Background The molecular mechanisms of osteosarcoma (OS) are complex. In this study, we focused on the functions of melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) and insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) in OS development. Methods qRT-PCR assay and western blot assay were performed to determine mRNA and protein expression of MCAM, METTL3, IGF2BP1 and YY1. MTT assay and colony formation assay were conducted to assess cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis, invasion and migration were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis, transwell assay and wound-healing assay, respectively. Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation (MeRIP), dual-luciferase reporter, Co-IP, RIP and ChIP assays were performed to analyze the relationships of MCAM, METTL3, IGF2BP1 and YY1. The functions of METTL3 and MCAM in tumor growth were explored through in vivo experiments. Results MCAM was upregulated in OS, and MCAM overexpression promoted OS cell growth, invasion and migration and inhibited apoptosis. METTL3 and IGF2BP1 were demonstrated to mediate the m6A methylation of MCAM. Functionally, METTL3 or IGF2BP1 silencing inhibited OS cell progression, while MCAM overexpression ameliorated the effects. Transcription factor YY1 promoted the transcription level of METTL3 and regulated METTL3 expression in OS cells. Additionally, METTL3 deficiency suppressed tumor growth in vivo, while MCAM overexpression abated the effect. Conclusion YY1/METTL3/IGF2BP1/MCAM axis aggravated OS development, which might provide novel therapy targets for OS.

Abstract With the development of digital technology, the proportion of time spent on digital informal learning in students’ daily lives is increasing. However, digital informal learning behaviors in sports field have not been fully justified and studied. This article aims to investigate the current situation and influencing factors of digital informal learning of sports knowledge (DIL-S) of Chinese undergraduates. As a cross-sectional study, 401 non-sports undergraduate students from six Chinese universities completed the DIL-S measurement questionnaire. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was constructed to explore association among DIL-S, technology expectancy (TE) and digital competence (DC). Results show that (1) Male students’ cognitive learning (CL) was significantly better than that of females; Senior students’ metacognitive learning (MCL) was significantly better than that of junior students; Sports university students’ cognitive learning, metacognitive learning, and social and motivation learning (SML) were significantly better than that of non-sports university students. (2) Digital competence has a significant positive impact on technology expectancy and digital informal learning of sport knowledge, while technology expectancy has a significant negative impact on digital informal learning of sport knowledge. Based on the results, following conclusions can be made (1) Undergraduates have a strong competence to use digital technology and have a high interest in using digital technology to participate in learning. However, they have a low investment in digital informal learning of sports knowledge fields. (2) Males’ sports knowledge learning consciousness and actual performance are better than girls; Compared with freshmen, senior students have stronger monitoring and planning ability for personal sports knowledge learning; The behavior of digital informal learning of sports knowledge in sports university students is better than that of non-sports university students. (3) Digital competence and technological expectancy are key factors influencing digital informal learning of sport knowledge, with digital competence having the most significant impact. These findings underscore the need to enhance the promotion of digital informal learning among undergraduates and to develop assessments that improve their understanding and knowledge of sports.

AIM: To investigate ocular surface disorders and tear function changes in patients with acne vulgaris and explore the potential relationship between acne vulgaris and dry eye. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included right eyes of 53 patients with acne vulgaris and 54 healthy controls. The participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. The following ocular surface-related parameters were measured: tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), lipid layer thickness (LLT) score of the tear film, meibum score, meibomian gland orifice obstruction score, the ratio of meibomian gland loss, conjunctival hyperemia score, and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score. RESULTS: The stability of the tear film decreased in acne vulgaris patients. In the acne group, the TMH and NIBUT were lower, whereas the OSDI, meibum score, meibomian gland orifice obstruction score, ratio of meibomian gland loss, and conjunctival hyperemia score were higher compared with controls (P0.05). In two dry eye groups, the TMH, NIBUT, and LLT score were lower in the acne with dry eye (acne-DE) group, and the meibum score, meibomian gland orifice obstruction score, ratio of meibomian gland loss and conjunctival hyperemia score in the acne-DE group were higher (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris are more likely to experience dry eye than those without acne vulgaris. Reduced tear film stability and meibomian gland structure dysfunction are more pronounced in patients with moderate-to-severe acne and dry eye.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying odontoblast damage repair in dentin hypersensitivity (DH) and the role of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in this process. Methods: The DH model was constructed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and the in vivo expression of Piezo1, Integrin αvβ3, YAP, and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) was detected by immunohistochemistry. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate the dentinal tubule fluid flow velocity and corresponding fluid shear stress (FSS) on the odontoblast processes. MDPC-23 cells were cultured in vitro and loaded with a peristaltic pump for 1 hour at FSS values of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 dyne/cm2. The expression of Piezo1, Integrin αvβ3, and YAP was detected by immunofluorescence. Verteporfin (a YAP-specific inhibitor) was utilised to confirm the effect of YAP on the expression of dentineogenesis-related protein under FSS. Results: The level and duration of external mechanical stimuli have an effect on the functional expression of odontoblasts. In DH, the harder the food that is chewed, the faster the flow of the dentinal tubule fluid and the greater the FSS on the odontoblast processes. The expression of Piezo1, Integrin αvβ3, and YAP can be promoted when the FSS is less than 0.3 dyne/cm2. After YAP inhibition, the DSPP protein expression level was reduced at 0.3 dyne/cm2 FSS. Conclusions: These results suggest that appropriate FSS can enhance the expression of odontoblast-related factors in odontoblasts via the Piezo1–Integrin αvβ3–YAP mechanotransduction pathway and the YAP appears to play an essential role in the response of odontoblasts to external mechanical stimuli.

Background and aim: A surplus of glucocorticoids (GC) is a main cause of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), and Jintiange (JTG), as one of the traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), also plays an instrumental role in the alleviation of bone loss simultaneously. Therefore, JTG was thought to be able to reverse GC-induced ONFH (GC-ONFH) to a certain extent. Experimental procedure: In vivo, the effect of JTG on trabeculae in the subchondral bone of the femoral head was investigated using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and histological staining; in vitro, proliferation, viability, apoptosis, and senescence of purified bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were examined to demonstrate the direct impact of JTG on these cells. Meanwhile after using a series of interventions, the function of JTG on BMSC differentiation could be assessed by measuring of osteogenic and adipogenic markers at levels of protein and mRNA. Results: Our final results demonstrated that with the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, JTG was able to significantly promote osteogenesis, restrain adipogenesis, delay senescence in BMSCs, reduce osteoclast number, weaken apoptosis, and enhance proliferation of osteocytes, all of which could mitigate the progression of subchondral osteonecrosis. Conclusion: According to the results of experiments in vitro and vivo, JTG was deemed to relieve the early GC-ONFH using the prevention of destruction of subchondral bone, which was contributed to regulating the differentiation of BMSCs and the number of osteoclasts.

Earthquakes are major catastrophes that cause great life and economic losses to human society and environment. This paper reviews and synthesizes relevant studies, drawing from a systematic examination of 4229 articles from the Web of Science core collection (1982–2023). Employing the CiteSpace visualization and analysis tool, current research and emerging trends in seismic risk assessment are discussed and analyzed. This paper provides a holistic overview of principal contributions, knowledge sources, interdisciplinary characteristics, and principal research topics in this field. Additionally, we propose key technologies that are in urgent need of enhancement, including data availability, quantity and quality of data, interpretability of machine learning models, performance improvement of machine learning methods and application of foundation models, as well as real-time risk assessment techniques. These insights support both theoretical understanding and practical applications of seismic risk assessment and damage analysis.

MgAl2O4 ceramics possess outstanding mechanical properties, making them promising for use as reinforcing or interfacial modulating phase in Al-based metal composites. The challenge lies in the insufficient interatomic potential parameters to accurately characterize the MgAl2O4/Al interfacial interactions, which hampers a detailed understanding of the interfacial strengthening mechanisms at the atomic level. Since the pair potential satisfies the requirements for computational efficiency and accuracy, it has been widely used for investigating the interfacial properties of composite materials. In this study, the interatomic potential parameters for Al–Mg and Al–Al bonds were derived from Buckingham potential, while those for Al–O bonds were obtained from Morse potential via first principles calculations. The uniaxial tensile mechanical properties and interface-dislocation strengthening mechanisms of MgAl2O4/Al interface configuration were explored through molecular dynamics simulations. The analyses reveal that the strength enhancement of the MgAl2O4/Al interface is due to the generation of a large number of immovable 1/6 stair-rod dislocations therein. The thickness of MgAl2O4 layer significantly influences the mechanical properties. Below a thickness of 20 Å, the presence of movable dislocations reduces the strengthening effect. Conversely, increasing the thickness of MgAl2O4 encourages the emergence of immovable dislocations and increases the flow stress, while the corresponding yield strain decreases. These insights open up new prospects in the development of aluminum metal matrix composites with enhanced performance.

The Yangtze River is the mother river of China. To promote the aquatic ecosystem protection of the great river, the Project of Yangtze Fisheries Resources and Environment Investigation (2017–2021) supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China carried out by 24 institutes and universities that located in the Yangtze River basin surveys the status of (1) fish species composition and spatial distribution, (2) current fish abundance, (3) endangered fishes, (4) Yangtze finless porpoise, (5) aquatic eco-environments, (6) water-level fluctuation areas, (7) capture fisheries and recreational fisheries of the Yangtze River mainstream and 10 of its main tributaries, including Yalong River, Heng River, Min River (including Dadu River), Chishui River, Tuo River, Jialing River, Wu River, Han River, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake. The results showed that there were 443 fish species (belonging to 163 genus, 37 families, and 18 orders) before 2017, but only 323 fish species (including 15 new recorded exotic species) were recorded in the project of 2017–2021. Among them, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Coilia brachygnathus, Silurus asotus, Saurogobio dabryi, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Pelteobagrus nitidus, Hemiculter leucisculus, Siniperca chuatsi, Coreius heterodon, Culter alburnus, Parabramis pekinensis, and Aristichthys nobilis were the dominant species across the whole Yangtze River system. It is estimated that there were 886 million individuals weighing 124.8 million kg, merely equivalent to 27.3% of the resources in 1950s, 30.9% of the resources in 1960s, or 58.7% of the resources in 1980s. In the new list of protected fishes that recorded in the Yangtze River system, only 15 of 29 were collected in this project of 2017–2021. Psephurus gladius has been affirmed to be Extinct by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The wild individuals of Tenualosa reevesii and Luciobrama macrocephalus have disappeared for many years and maybe have been extinct already. Acipenser dabryanus has been affirmed to be Extinct in the Wild by IUCN. The natural propagations of A. sinensis, Myxocyprinus asiaticus and Trachidermus fasciatus have been interrupted for many years. The populations of Yangtze finless porpoise in the Yangtze River mainstream, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake have steadily rising sizes and expanding distributions in 2017–2021. Parts of them migrate from one region to another with the seasons, which would result in the fluctuation of Yangtze finless porpoise population within some regions. The conventional indicators of water quality in the Yangtze River system were good and conformed to the water quality criteria of fishery in 2017–2021. In the last 40 years, the maximum surface water area in the Yangtze River basin extended to approximately 63,360 km2, the minimum surface water area covered approximately 26,396 km2, and the seasonal water-level fluctuation areas occupied approximately 36,964 km2. Compared with 1984–2000 period, the 2001–2020 period witnessed an overall decreasing trend in the frequency of surface water occurrence within about 25,869 km2 of aquatic areas. From 1984 to 2000 period to 2001–2020 period, permanent surface water has decreased by nearly 8,750 km2. In 2017, the fishermen were mainly 40–60 years old and their educational levels were mainly lower than junior high school. In 2017, most anglers were older than 40 and used hand rod and/or sea rod. Their average catch of each time was mainly less than 1 kg. Results suggested that the fishing ban in key waters of the Yangtze River basin is not only an ecological project of aquatic ecosystem conservation, but also a livelihood project for the fisherman to embrace industrial transformation and improve their living conditions. After the implementation of the fishing ban, the fisheries resources would gradually recover, and the Yangtze finless porpoise population size would also see a steady increase. However, the endangered species would remain threatened for a long time. The degraded waterbodies and water-level fluctuation areas would be the key restrictive factors for future aquatic ecosystem recovery in the Yangtze River basin. Since this survey was carried out before the fishing ban, the current results could provide a baseline for future evaluation of the effect of the Yangtze River fishing ban.

Psychometric scales, commonly used to gauge sexual function, can sometimes be influenced by response biases. In our research from June 2020 to April 2021, we examined the accuracy of self-reported sexual function scales. We invited patients from the Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China), who have male sexual dysfunction, to participate by filling out a self-reported version of a specific questionnaire. In addition, they went through a clinician-assisted version of this questionnaire, encompassing tools such as the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), the 6-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-6), the Erection Hardness Scale (EHS), and the Masturbation Erection Index (MEI). Using the clinician-assisted version as a reference, we categorized patients and applied various statistical methods, such as the Chi-square test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), logistic regression, and the Bland–Altman plot, to gauge reliability. In our study with 322 participants, we found that while there were no notable discrepancies in error rates based on our categorization, certain scales showed significant differences in terms of overestimation and underestimation, with the exception of the PEDT. The positive diagnosis rate consistency between the self-reported and clinician-assisted versions was observed. High ICC values between the two versions across the scales were indicative of remarkable reliability. Our findings show that the self-reported versions of tools such as EHS, IIEF-6, MEI, and PEDT are credible and hold clinical reliability. However, employing a dual-diagnosis approach might be more prudent to circumvent potential misdiagnoses.

Objective To comprehensively compare the quality and filtration efficiency of medicinal maltose between two domestic manufacturers(B, C) and one foreign manufacturer(A), compare their product quality as an excipient for intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG), so as to determine the feasibility and substitutability of maltose as an excipient for IVIG from different manufacturers. Methods Quality inspection and comparison of maltose from different manufacturers, small-scale filtration tests, and product quality comparision of IVIG(pH4) were conducted. Results The comparis on results showed that there was no significant difference in the quality of medicinal maltose between manufacturer B and A, and there was no significant difference in the quality of IVIG (pH4) produced. The quality of manufacturer C did not meet the requirements. Conclusion There is no significant difference in the quality of medicinal maltose produced by manufacturer B and A, which can be used for the production of IVIG (pH4).

Decay levels of wooden components in the Yang former residence were classified using polarized light and fluorescence methods. Analysis of the decay cause was conducted based on external conditions and wood species characteristics. The polarization and fluorescence effects revealed that there were varying degrees of decay in larch (Larix potaninii var. australis), spruce (Picea brachytyla), lace-bark pine (Pinus bungeana), Masson pine (Pinus massoniana), Chinese Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga sinensis), Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), poplar (Populus tomentosa), and elm (Ulmus pumila). The primary factors contributing to decay included the inherent low natural durability of the wood species and adverse external conditions, such as damaged roofs, missing dripping water and tiles causing water leakage, uneven indoor and outdoor ground levels, contemporary tile paving indoors, and inadequate ventilation. This study aims to establish a scientific basis for subsequent conservation strategies.

Abstract Studies have suggested that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in neurological dysfunction and that electroacupuncture (EA) attenuates neuropathic pain (NP) via undefined pathways. However, the role of ERS in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in NP and the effect of EA on ERS in the ACC have not yet been investigated. In this study, an NP model was established by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the left sciatic nerve in rats, and mechanical and cold tests were used to evaluate behavioral hyperalgesia. The protein expression and distribution were evaluated using western blotting and immunofluorescence. The results showed that glucose-regulated protein 78 (BIP) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE-1α) were co-localized in neurons in the ACC. After CCI, BIP, IRE-1α, and phosphorylation of IRE-1α were upregulated in the ACC. Intra-ACC administration of 4-PBA and Kira-6 attenuated pain hypersensitivity and downregulated phosphorylation of IRE-1α, while intraperitoneal injection of 4-PBA attenuated hyperalgesia and inhibited the activation of P38 and JNK in ACC. In contrast, ERS activation by intraperitoneal injection of tunicamycin induced behavioral hyperalgesia in naive rats. Furthermore, EA attenuated pain hypersensitivity and inhibited the CCI-induced overexpression of BIP and pIRE-1α. Taken together, these results demonstrate that EA attenuates NP by suppressing BIP- and IRE-1α-mediated ERS in the ACC. Our study presents novel evidence that ERS in the ACC is implicated in the development of NP and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the analgesic effect of EA.

Abstract Background The implementation of antibiotic intravenous-to-oral switch (IVOS) therapy in hospitals can slow down the development of drug resistance, reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions, and bring significant economic benefits. The aim of this study is to investigate the understanding of physicians at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University in Suzhou, China towards the antibiotic IVOS therapy. Methods 15 physicians working in 9 different departments of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University participated in this study. A semi-structured face-to-face interview was conducted to collect interview information about the antibiotic IVOS therapy. NVivo12 software was used to organize the entire interview content, and the interview data was analyzed and summarized using the Colaizzi seven step method. Results 60% of participants were not familiar with antibiotic IVOS therapy. Barriers of antibiotic IVOS therapy were included by three key issues: (i) Physicians’ potential cognition: ‘Iv is always better than oral’; (ii) Subjective infusion intention of patients; and (iii) Limitations of drug selection. 60% of participants expressed welcome for pharmacists to help them perform antibiotic IVOS treatment. And electronic recognition technology may be a feasible method for prompting IVOS conversion that recognized by all participants in the interview. Participants also provided some suggestions for pharmacists and IVOS computer reminders. Conclusion Physicians’ in China still have insufficient understanding of antibiotic IVOS therapy. The promotion of antibiotic IVOS therapy in China faces many challenges and obstacles. Strategies such as IVOS therapy computer reminders and clinical pharmacists’ medication guidance were worth studying to help physicians develop antibiotic IVOS treatment.

Abstract Sleep is a pillar of human health and wellbeing. In high- and middle-income countries, there is a great reliance on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems (HVAC) to control the interior thermal environment in the bedroom. However, these systems are expensive to buy, maintain, and operate while being energy and environmentally intensive—problems that may increase due to climate change. Easily-accessible passive and low-energy strategies, such as fans and electrical heated blankets, address these challenges but their comparative effectiveness for providing comfort in sleep environments has not been studied. We used a thermal manikin to experimentally show that many passive and low-energy strategies are highly effective in supplementing or replacing HVAC systems during sleep. Using passive strategies in combination with low-energy strategies that elevate air movement like ceiling or pedestal fans enhances the cooling effect by three times compared to using fans alone. We extrapolated our experimental findings to estimate heating and cooling effects in two historical case studies: the 2015 Pakistan heat wave and the 2021 Texas power crisis. Passive and low-energy strategies reduced sleep-time heat or cold exposure by 69–91%. The low-energy strategies we tested require one to two orders of magnitude less energy than HVAC systems, and the passive strategies require no energy input. These strategies can also help reduce peak load surges and total energy demand in extreme temperature events. This reduces the need for utility load shedding, which can put individuals at risk of hazardous heat or cold exposure. Our results may serve as a starting point for evidence-based public health guidelines on how individuals can sleep better during heat waves and cold snaps without relying on HVAC.

Heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis is an important strategy for the industrial production of chiral compounds. Herein, we reported a polymer-bound Xu-Phos-derived palladium catalyst that shows good performance in heterogeneous asymmetric reductive Heck reaction of allyl aryl ethers. This heterogeneous catalyst was easily prepared by efficient immobilization of the sulfonamide phosphine ligand (Xu-Phos) in the cross-linked polystyrene via copolymerization, and exhibits similar catalytic activity and enantioselectivity to that of the homogeneous catalyst. Moreover, the heterogeneous catalyst system is proved to be easily recovered and reused several times without losing catalytic activity obviously.