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The aim of this thesis was to examine how ESL teachers in Croatia foster development of language learning strategies in their students. The study looked at their approaches, education, opinions and experiences with learning strategies and has also touched upon their attitudes on cross-curricular topic Learning how to learn. The theoretical part of the study includes a short overview of history of language learning strategies, their position in 21st century, an overview of the cross-curricular topic and a summary of previous studies on this topic. The research part includes the current study and its aims, sample, instruments, procedure and findings. The study was conducted in Croatia in two parts. The first part was a semi-structured interview with four EFL teachers which served as a pilot study and a basis for a questionnaire, which is the base of the present paper and the main study. The results showed that teachers in Croatia have positive attitudes towards language learning strategies and that they instruct them regularly and in different manners taking into account individual differences. They are also familiar with the cross-curricular topic Learning how to learn and regularly teach its contents. Teachers' education on language learning strategies mostly comes from professional education and their own research and they readily try new approaches and strategies. However, the study indicated that teachers lack in their assessment of their students' use of strategies and ways to test this segment of curriculum. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti na koje načine profesori engleskog jezika u Hrvatskoj potiču razvoj strategija učenja engleskog jezika, njihove stavove i obrazovanje o istima te stavove o međupredmetnoj temi Učiti kako učiti. Teorijski dio uključuje kratki pregled povijesti strategija učenja engleskog jezika, položaj strategija u 21 stoljeću, pregled glavnih ishoda međupredmetne teme Učiti kako učiti te sažetak prethodnih istraživanja na tu temu. Istraživački dio uključuje opis svrhe istraživanja, ispitanika, načina provođenja i pronalazaka. Istraživanje je provedeno u dva dijela. Prvi dio bio je polu-strukturirani intervju s četvero profesora koji je poslužio kao pilot istraživanje za drugi dio, upitnik proveden online u kojem je sudjelovalo 38 profesora. Rezultati su pokazali da profesori i učitelji u Hrvatskoj imaju pozitivne stavove prema strategijama učenja jezika te ih redovno poučavaju na razne načine uzimajući u obzir individualne razlike učenika. Upoznati su sa sadržajem kurikuluma međupredmetne teme Učiti kako učiti i poštuju njegove ishode. Obrazovanje profesora o strategijama učenja jezika najviše se svodi na stručne edukacije i njihovo vlastito istraživanje te oni spremno isprobavaju nove strategije. No, istraživanje je pokazalo da ispitanici imaju problema u procjeni i testiranju korištenja strategija kod svojih učenika.

Direct and indirect reported speech represent primary modes of reporting and make an essential part of speech or writing. Indirect reported speech is a complex syntactic structure that requires language-specific grammatical adjustments. Therefore, its use and understanding often pose a problem for EFL learners. In order to assess the matter in detail, an overview of reported speech constructions from various grammars is presented, as well as existing research on learners’ difficulties with indirect speech. The study was conducted with Croatian high school learners to get an insight into how they learn and deal with indirect reported speech in English. This thesis represents an attempt to approach the students’ mastery of indirect speech from a holistic perspective.

This paper deals with the translation of directive speech acts in Croatian renditions of Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice. Although some research on pragmatics in Austen’s writing has been conducted, there appears to be little research done on the relationship between pragmatics and translation. This study looks at the original text and two Croatian translations and examines the degree of directness expressed in directive speech acts made by male speakers as opposed to female speakers. Assuming that male and female characters in the original text show a significant difference in their degree of directness when expressing directive speech acts, this disparity was expected to be reflected in the Croatian translations as well. However, the Croatian translations were also expected to be generally ‘more direct’ taking into account the linguistic differences between English and Croatian. The original text was coded according to the type of speech act and the gender of the speaker, and the ‘true’ directive speech acts and their translation equivalents were extracted and evaluated according to the degree of directness shown in the utterance. The collected data was qualitatively analyzed and the findings show that female characters exhibited a greater degree of directness than the male characters across all three texts. Although there wasn’t a great difference between the translations and the original text, Odlešić’s translation was found to be more direct compared to the original and to Petrović’s translation. These findings point to the value of pragmatic analysis as a translation tool to either avoid or faithfully depict the relationships between genders, depending on what is required by the source text. Ovo se istraživanje bavi prijevodom direktivnih govornih činova u hrvatskim prijevodima romana Ponos i predrasude autorice Jane Austen. Premda već postoje istraživanja govornih činova u ovom i u drugim romanima iste autorice, gotovo da nema istraživanja koja bi se bavila prijevodom govornih činova. U ovom će se radu usporediti izvorni tekst s dvama hrvatskim prijevodima te promotriti stupanj izravnosti u izražavanju direktivnih govornih činova s obzirom na rod govornika. Polazeći od pretpostavke da u originalnom tekstu postoji znatna razlika između načina izražavanja muških i ženskih likova u svrhu oslikavanja rodnih odnosa, očekivalo se da će se te razlike odraziti i u prijevodima, iako je za očekivati da će zbog razlika u hrvatskom i engleskom jeziku hrvatski prijevod općenito biti ‘izravniji’ u odnosu na izvornik. Od izvornika te dvaju prijevoda izrađeni su korpusi koji su zatim kodirani s obzirom na svrhu govornog čina, rod govornika te stupanj izravnosti te su dobiveni se podatci kvalitativno analizirali. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da jezik utječe na oslikavanje rodnih odnosa te ukazuju na korisnost pragmatičke analize pri prijevodu. Na temelju zaključaka budući se prevoditelji mogu orijentirati pragmatičkom analizom kako bi u svom prijevodu ostvarili ili izbjegli određene slike rodnih odnosa, ovisno o tome zahtjeva li to izvorni tekst.

This thesis comprises five translations with commentary. Excerpts from three books were translated from English into Croatian (Watching the English. The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour, Sociology Beyond Societies. Mobilities for the Twenty First Century, The Age of Living Machines), and two from Croatian into English (Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka, Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča). The commentary focused on translation problems encountered when translating culture-specific items. Different possible translational procedures and solutions where discussed, as well as the criteria taken into account when choosing the final solution. Rad sadrži pet prijevoda s komentarima. Ulomci iz triju knjiga prevedeni su s engleskog na hrvatski (Watching the English. The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour, Sociology Beyond Societies. Mobilities for the Twenty First Century, The Age of Living Machines), a s hrvatskog na engleski prevedeni su ulomci iz dviju knjiga (Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka, Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča). Glavna tema kometara bilo je prevođenje kulturno specifičnih elemenata. Predstavljeni su različiti postupci i rješenja kao i kriteriji koji su uzeti u obzir pri donošenju konačne odluke.

Blackadder is a British television sitcom that aired from 1983 to 1989. It was written by Rowan Atkinson, Richard Curtis, and Ben Elton, and starred Rowan Atkinson as the main character, Edmund Blackadder. The series follows the adventures of the cunning and scheming Edmund Blackadder and his bumbling servant Baldrick in different periods of British history. This paper will focus on the third season of Blackadder, also known as Blackadder the Third, on how it breaks Grice’s maxims related to the cooperative principle, on how sarcasm was used in the show, and which theories of humor could be applied to analyze the jokes in the show. The paper seeks to identify every time that a maxim is broken in the third season of the series, which of the four maxims are broken the most and in which way they are broken. It also aims to identify every time that sarcasm is used in the third season of the series and which multimodal markers of sarcasm are used. Finally, the aim of this paper is to look at certain jokes in the show through the lens of different theories of humor, such as the superiority theory and incongruity theory, and to identify the theory of humor which could be applied to most of the jokes in the third season of the series. Crna Guja je britanska humoristična serija snimana od 1983. godine do 1989. godine. Seriju su napisali Richard Curtis, Ben Elton i Rowan Atkinson, koji ujedno tumači i glavnu ulogu u seriji. Serija prati zgode lukavog Edmunda Blackaddera i njegovog sluge Baldricka u različitim periodima britanske povijesti. U radu je analizirano kršenje Griceovih maksima i korištenje sarkazma u trećoj sezoni serije Crna Guja. Osim toga, analizirane su i komične situacije u seriji uz pomoć teorija humora.

This thesis includes five translations with commentary. Excerpts from three books were translated from English into Croatian (Watching the English. The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour, Sociology Beyond Societies. Mobilities for the Twenty First Century and The Age of Living Machines: How Biology Will Build the Next Technology Revolution), and two from Croatian into English (Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka and Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča). The commentary focused on the translation of proper names using different translation procedures. Differences between the translated texts in regard to genre, purpose, audience, etc. affected the final translation solutions provided for proper names. Even though the translation problem in question is frequently dismissed as trivial, the commentary provides an insight into the complexity of translating proper names. Ovaj diplomski rad sastoji se od pet prijevoda popraćenih komentarima. Prevedeni su dijelovi teksta iz triju knjiga s engleskog na hrvatski jezik (Watching the English. The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour, Sociology Beyond Societies. Mobilities for the Twenty First Century and The Age of Living Machines: How Biology Will Build the Next Technology Revolution) i dvaju knjiga s hrvatskog na engleski jezik (Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka and Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča). U komentarima se naglasila problematika prevođenja vlastitih imena, kojoj se pristupilo pomoću različitih prijevodnih postupaka. Razlike između prevedenih tekstova u pogledu žanra, svrhe, publike i slično utjecale su na konačna prijevodna rješenja ponuđena za vlastita imena. Iako se ovaj prijevodni problem često smatra trivijalnim, komentarima se pridaje pažnja složenosti procesa prevođenja vlastitih imena.

Despite their long history, blends are often seen as peripheral in the English language. Compared to other language phenomena, they get very little attention by researchers. Linguists cannot agree on what makes a true blend; some say that overlap between the source words is necessary and some say that clipping is enough. They also cannot agree on what makes a blend more or less conventional. The enTenTen20 corpus had a rich collection of English blends. They had a variety of structures, sizes, ages and origins. There were even cases of blends inspiring or being used to create new blends. The semi-official rules were frequently bent or broken. There were even a few cases where a term’s status as blend was uncertain. The way the common people use a language can have a strong impact on it.

This thesis comprises five translations with commentary. Excerpts from three books were translated from English into Croatian (Kate Fox: Watching the English: The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour, John Urry: Sociologies beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty-First Century and Susan Hockfield: The Age of Living Machines), and two from Croatian into English (Ivana Tomas & Maja Zeman: Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka and Olja Savičević Ivančević: Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča). The commentary is among other things focused on the translation of measurement units. It explores what factors could influence the translator to keep the original measurement unit, translate the measurement unit or do both. It also explores situations where it is not possible to translate certain measurement units. Ovaj diplomski rad sastoji se od pet prijevoda s komentarom. Dijelovi triju knjiga bili su prevedeni s engleskog na hrvatski (Kate Fox: Watching the English: The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour, John Urry: Sociologies beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty-First Century i Susan Hockfield: The Age of Living Machines), dok su dijelovi dviju knjiga bili prevedeni s hrvatskog na engleski (Ivana Tomas & Maja Zeman: Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka i Olja Savičević Ivančević: Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča). Komentari se među ostalim fokusiraju na prijevod mjernih jedinica. Istražuje se koji čimbenici bi mogli utjecati na to hoće li prevoditelj zadržati originalnu mjernu jedinicu, prevesti je ili učiniti oboje istovremeno. Također se istražuju situacije gdje nije moguće prevesti određene mjerne jedinice.

This thesis comprises five translations with commentary. Excerpts from three books were translated from English into Croatian, those being: Watching the English. The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour by Kate Fox; Sociology Beyond Societies. Mobilities for the Twenty First Century by John Urry; and The Age of Living Machines: How Biology Will Build the Next Technology Revolution by Susan Hockfield. Furthermore, excerpts from two books were translated from Croatian into English, those being: Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka by authors Ivana Tomas and Maja Zeman; and Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča by Olja Savičević Ivančević. The commentary focused on a couple of problematic situations that arose during the translation process. Terminology was the most abundant issue in these translations, whether that be due to lexical gaps, or just not understanding well enough the field that the text dealt with, which required further investigation that produced potentially interesting results. Differences between English and Croatian syntax were also touched upon, as well as minor changes in registers of some texts. However, one part of translation, that was overlooked at first, was the amount of changes the translator needed to input, which naturally led to analyzing the creative aspect of translation and how translators shape the text to conform to their own language. Ovaj diplomski rad sastoji se od pet prijevoda s komentarima. S engleskog na hrvatski jezik prevedeni su ulomci iz triju knjiga, a to su: Watching the English. The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour autorice Kate Fox; Sociology Beyond Societies. Mobilities for the Twenty First Century autora Johna Urryja; i The Age of Living Machines: How Biology Will Build the Next Technology Revolution autorice Susan Hockfield. Nadalje, s hrvatskoga na engleski jezik prevedeni su ulomci iz dviju knjiga, i to: Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka autorica Ivane Tomas i Maje Zeman; i Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča autorice Olje Savičević Ivančević. U komentarima se predstavlja i objašnjava nekoliko problematičnih situacija do kojih je došlo tijekom procesa prevođenja. U ovim prijevodima, te su se situacije najviše odnosile na terminologiju, bilo da je to zbog leksičkih praznina ili jednostavno nedovoljnog razumijevanja područja kojim se tekst bavio, što je zahtijevalo daljnje istraživanje koje je dovelo do potencijalno zanimljivih rezultata. Dotaknute su i razlike između engleske i hrvatske sintakse, kao i manje izmjene u registrima pojedinih tekstova. Međutim, jedan dio prijevoda, koji je isprva bio zanemaren, bila je količina promjena koje prevoditelj treba unijeti u tekst, što je dovelo do analize kreativnog aspekta prijevoda i načina na koji prevoditelji oblikuju tekst kako bi bio u skladu s njihovim vlastitim jezikom.

The interest in learners’ beliefs about oral corrective feedback (OCF) has increased in the last couple of decades. However, there are still very few studies that inspect learners’ beliefs about different OCF types. There is likewise a serious lack of research on the emotional impact that correction has on learners, given the voiced concerns about its detrimental effects on learners’ FL learning motivation and development. This research study thus investigated learners’ beliefs and preferences regarding different OCF types, with particular emphasis on their affective response to these corrective types. Seventy-one Croatian EFL learners (32 6th graders and 39 8th graders) were distributed a questionnaire designed for the purpose of this research study. Four OCF types were selected for examination; explicit correction, recast, elicitation, and metalinguistic feedback. The results of the study justified the concerns about the negative affective influence of oral correction, as slightly more than half of the participants were found to experience negative emotions following at least one of the OCF types. The strongest negative emotions were expressed in relation to explicit correction. A significant number of participants highly valued self-correction and they thus generally felt more positive about negotiation types. The preference for explicit correction and recast mainly came from the participants who did not like self-correction, either because they found it demanding or because they feared failing to correct themselves.

This thesis is comprised of five translations with commentary. Excerpts from three books were translated from English into Croatian: Watching the English: The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour by Kate Fox, Sociology Beyond Societies: Mobilities for the twenty-first century by John Urry, and The Age of Living Machines: How Biology Will Build the Next Technology Revolution by Susan Hockfield. An excerpt from Spomenici otoka Lopuda: od antike do srednjeg vijeka by Ivana Tomas and Maja Zeman was translated from Croatian into English, as well as a short story titled „Tramuntana” from Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča by Olja Savičević Ivančević). Since the five texts range from being very culturally marked to almost culturally neutral, there are significant differences when it comes to the degree of domestication. Therefore, the commentary focused mainly on the strategy of domestication and how it can be applied to each of these texts. Ovaj rad sastoji se od per prijevoda s komentarima. Isječci iz triju knjiga prevedeni su s engleskog na hrvatski jezik: Watching the English: The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour Kate Fox, Sociology Beyond Societies: Mobilities for the twenty-first century Johna Urryja i The Age of Living Machines: How Biology Will Build the Next Technology Revolution Susan Hockfield. S hrvatskog na engleski jezik preveden je isječak iz knjige Spomenici otoka Lopuda: od antike do srednjeg vijeka Ivane Tomas i Maje Zeman te kratka priča pod naslovom “Tramuntana” iz knjige Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča Olje Savičević Ivančević. Budući da su neki od ovih tekstova prepuni kulturnih značajki, a neki su po istom pitanju gotovo neutralni, među njima postoje znatne razlike u razini podomaćivanja. Stoga se komentari posebno usredotočuju na strategiju podomaćivanja i kako se ona može primijeniti na svaki od ovih tekstova.

This thesis comprises five translations with commentary. Excerpts from three books were translated from English into Croatian (Watching the English: The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour; Sociology beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty-First Century; The Age of Living Machines: How Biology Will Build the Next Technology Revolution), and two from Croatian into English (Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka; Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča). The commentary focuses on orientation in translation, i.e., on the ways the choice between target and source orientation influences many of the decisions involved in the translation process. These decisions are reflected in the translation of culture-specific items, idioms, metaphors, lexical gaps etc., as well as in the style and level of formality of the translated text. Although in practice the translator may make many of these decisions subconsciously, explicating them allows for increased consistency of translation, while at the same time highlighting the importance of flexibility and adaptability. Ovaj se diplomski rad sastoji od pet prijevoda s komentarima. S engleskog na hrvatski prevedeni su ulomci iz triju knjiga (Watching the English: The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour; Sociology beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty-First Century; The Age of Living Machines: How Biology Will Build the Next Technology Revolution), a s hrvatskog na engleski jezik iz dviju knjiga (Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka; Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča). U popratnim se komentarima primarno tematizira orijentacija prijevoda, tj. načini na koje izbor između orijentacije na izvornik (source orientation) i orijentacije na prijevod (target orientation) utječe na mnoge odluke koje su sastavni dio prijevodnog procesa. Te se odluke odražavaju u konkretnim prijevodnim rješenjima, uključujući prijevode kulturno specifičnih elemenata, frazema, metafora, leksičkih lakuna, te u stilu i razini formalnosti prijevoda. Iako u svakodnevnoj praksi prevoditelj ove odluke donosi uglavnom podsvjesno, njihovim se osvješćivanjem može postići konzistentniji prijevod i naglasiti važnost fleksibilnosti i prilagodljivosti.

This thesis comprises five translations with commentary. Excerpts from three books were translated from English into Croatian (Watching the English: The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour, Sociology Beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty-First Century and The Age of Living Machines: How Biology Will Build the Next Technology Revolution), and two from Croatian into English (Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka and Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča). The commentary focused on culture-specific items found in the source texts and the procedures used to translate them. The procedures that were used include addition, substitution, literal translation and omission. The thought process behind the translation of each example is discussed in detail. Rad se sastoji od pet prijevoda s komentarima. S engleskog na hrvatski prevedeni su ulomci iz triju knjiga (Watching the English: The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour, Sociology Beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty-First Century i The Age of Living Machines: How Biology Will Build the Next Technology Revolution), dok su s hrvatskog na engleski prevedeni ulomci iz dviju knjiga (Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka i Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča). Komentari su usmjereni na kulturno specifične pojmove koji se javljaju u izvornim tekstovima i postupke pomoću kojih se oni prevode. Korišteni postupci u prijevodima su dodavanje, zamjena, doslovan prijevod i izostavljanje. Detaljno je prikazan misaoni proces iza prijevoda svakog primjera.

This thesis comprises five translations with commentary. Excerpts from three books were translated from English into Croatian (Watching the English: The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour, Sociology Beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty First Century, The Age of Living Machines), and two from Croatian into English (Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka, Blizina svega). The commentary primarily focused on humor, i.e. on various translation strategies I considered and employed during the translation process while bearing in mind aspects such as idiomaticity, the target audience, and, above all, the retention of a humorous effect. Ovaj rad sastoji se od pet prijevoda s popratnim komentarima. Ulomci iz triju knjiga prevedeni su s engleskog jezika na hrvatski (Watching the English: The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour, Sociology Beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty First Century, The Age of Living Machines), dok su ulomci iz preostalih dviju knjiga prevedeni s hrvatskog jezika na engleski (Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka, Blizina svega). U komentarima sam se prvenstveno osvrtala na prijevodne strategije koje sam razmatrala i kojima sam se koristila tijekom procesa prevođenja, a posebnu sam pažnju pridala aspektima poput idiomatičnosti, ciljne publike te, prije svega, zadržavanju humorističnog efekta.

This thesis comprises five translations with commentary. Excerpts from three books were translated from English into Croatian (Watching the English. The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour; Sociology Beyond Societies. Mobilities for the Twenty First Century and The Age of Living Machines), and two from Croatian into English (Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka, and Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča). The commentary reflects the individual approach to every text, meaning that it discusses a wide variety of translation issues, from syntax and grammar in general, to terminology and humour. However, due to the interdependent relationship of language and culture, culture-specific items were discussed more frequently than other issues. Since no two cultures are the same, the differences between them, i.e. culture-specific items, can often cause translation issues. In this thesis, such issues were solved by choosing one or a combination of the following translation procedures: borrowing, literal translation, explanation, addition, substitution and omission. The most appropriate procedure or combination of procedures was chosen on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the type of text, the purpose and function of the translation, and the target audience, as well as the type and function of the particular CSI, its meaning in the source culture and status in the target culture and its centrality (foreground or background information). Ovaj rad sadrži pet prijevoda s komentarima. S engleskog na hrvatski jezik prevedeni su ulomci iz triju knjiga (Watching the English. The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour; Sociology Beyond Societies. Mobilities for the Twenty First Century and The Age of Living Machines), a s hrvatskog na engleski ulomci iz dviju knjiga (Spomenici otoka Lopuda od antike do srednjeg vijeka i Nasmijati psa i sedam novih priča). U komentarima se odražava individualni pristup svakom tekstu i obrađuju se razne vrste prijevodnih problema, od sintakse i gramatike općenito do terminologije i humora. Ipak, zbog veze između jezika i kulture, u komentarima su najčešći osvrti na pitanja vezana za kulturno-specifične elemente. Budući da ne postoje dvije identične kulture, razlike među njima, odnosno kulturno-specifični elementi, često uzrokuju prijevodne probleme. U ovom radu takvi su se problemi rješavali pomoću jednog ili više sljedećih prijevodnih postupaka: posuđivanje, doslovni prijevod, objašnjenje, dodavanje, supstitucija i izostavljanje. U svakom pojedinačnom slučaju najprikladniji postupak ili kombinacija postupaka odabran je u skladu s vrstom teksta, svrhom i funkcijom prijevoda i ciljnom publikom te u skladu s vrstom i funkcijom pojedinog kulturno-specifičnog elementa, njegova značenja u izvornoj kulturi i statusa u ciljnoj kulturi i položaja u tekstu (središte ili periferija).

This paper examines the representation of leftist American radicalism during the 1970s in fiction and film, with special regard to the representation of the process of radicalization and its common themes. The works chosen for this analysis are two novels, American Pastoral (1997) by Phillip Roth and Leviathan (1992) by Paul Auster, and two films, Katherine (Kagan, 1975) and Running on Empty (Lumet, 1988). By examining the most recurring patterns, this thesis will try to place the works in cultural and social contexts, illuminating the reasoning behind radicalization and its consequences. After explaining the term of the Long Seventies and the historical context, the paper will explain different stages of radicalization and explore the main themes found in the chosen works. The main themes concern American values, identity, authorship, freedom, politics of voice, and ethics.

The aim of this research is to check whether the parts of the English translation of the novel Povratak Filipa Latinovicza which are rendered in the narrative technique called narrated monologue and in the present tense convey universal concepts. Narrated monologue is a narrative technique used to represent a character’s thoughts. In terms of form, this is a combination of direct and indirect speech. Drawing from similarities with indirect speech, narrated monologue in English is defined by the past tense. Several studies on this matter suggest that the present tense in narrated monologue should be used only when talking about universal topics and general concepts. Croatian rendering of this technique, however, does not require the past tense. The novel in question is written in narrated monologue and its English version contains many instances of the present tense. In this paper the author will analyse the examples from this translation to test the mentioned convention on the sequence of tenses in narrated monologue set out in previous research.

Rudyard Kipling’s Kim (1901) and E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India (1924) are some of the best works of symbolic colonialist literature, literature which tries to find solutions to the problem between the colonizer and the colonized. Published at the beginning and the end of the first quarter of the 20th century, these novels can be studied as guideposts for some of the most crucial events in India’s history and progression towards independence. It is apparent that Kipling and Forster held vastly different opinions on the conducts of the British Empire in India, which partly stems from their different upbringings. As most of Kipling’s formative years had been spent in India, it has a special place in his heart, and thus he is more inclined to focus on the allegedly positive sides of colonialism, whilst ignoring or diminishing the cracks in the social fabric of India. This in turn produced a pro-Empire novel whose stereotyped characters can be studied as types of different people one could have met in the beginning of the 20th century in India. Forster had only visited India as an adult, and consequently there was no reason not to see the cracks that Kipling tried to ignore. As a result, in A Passage to India Forster places more focus on the negative sides of colonialism. His characters feel that the time of the Empire is near its end, and they anticipate change. The characters are more willing to put their differences aside and unite for a common purpose as they wait for a chance to fight for independence. Forster’s focus is not on the physical appearance or customs of his characters, but rather he focuses on the internal struggles of Indian characters, and he tackles the question of what it means to be Indian during the British Raj.

This paper is based on the results of a survey created to investigate how Croatian students perceive three different strategies of dialect translation, so the results could potentially be used as an additional tool in the process of dialect translation. As most current research tends to focus on the translators’ decision-making process, this study is centering on the opinions of the readers. The questionnaire presented to the participants contained three translations of an excerpt written in a non-standard variety and lead the participants to think about the features of each translation, rate them and leave their comments. It was hypothesized that experience with language(s) and translation would influence the participants’ preferred strategy and that the chosen translation strategy would influence their perception of the character(s). Both hypotheses were confirmed. Further hypotheses were that readers would gravitate towards translations written in their own dialect, but that most participants would still choose the colloquialized translation as their favorite. Unfortunately, a significant overlap between participants from the Zagreb area (one translation utilized the Zagreb dialect) and participants with language experience meant there could be no conclusive evidence to support or deny these assumptions. Furthermore, while no strategy was confirmed as the participants’ favorite, the Culturally Transplanted translation was one they east preferred. Ovaj je rad baziran na anketi izrađenoj s ciljem istraživanja načina na koji hrvatski studenti percipiraju različite strategije korištene u prevođenju dijalekata kako bi se rezultati potencijalno mogli iskoristiti kao pomoć u procesu prevođenja. S obzirom da je većina prijevodnih teorija i analiza bazirana na odlukama koje prevoditelj donosi tijekom čina prevođenja, u ovom se radu naglasak stavlja na čitatelja. Anketa sadrži tri prijevoda ulomka napisanog na nestandardnom jeziku, promatrajući kako ispitanici reagiraju na pojedine prijevodne strategije u komentarima i ocjenjivanjem značajki svakog prijevoda. Postavljene hipoteze su da da iskustvo u prevođenju te studij jezika imaju utjecaj na to koju strategiju ispitanici preferiraju, te da prijevodna strategija utječe na percepciju lika. Obje hipoteze su potvrđene. Nadalje, hipoteze su također i da čitatelji gravitiraju prema tekstu napisanom na njima bliskom dijalektu, no da većina ipak smatra prijevod na kolokvijalnom hrvatskom jeziku kao najprikladniji. Ispitanici iz područja grada Zagreba većinski nisu odabrali prijevod na zagrebački dijalekt kao njima najdraži, no hipotezu nije bilo moguće ni potvrditi ni opovrgnuti zbog velikog preklapanja te skupine sa skupinom ispitanika s iskustvom s jezikom i prevođenjem. Nije bilo moguće potvrditi koja strategija se ispitanicima svidjela najviše, no prijevod na zagrebački dijalekt svidio im se najmanje.

In this thesis, the cultural attitudes towards money and several related concepts (work, wealth, poverty etc.) were examined. The term phraseological unit was decided on as the best term to encompass all the expressions found in the dictionaries used. The question of whether the phraseological units related to money, work, wealth, poverty etc. found in the Russian, Croatian and English dictionaries used reflect these attitudes or not was answered. Types of phraseological equivalence and the translation strategies as part of which they could best be used were listed and explained. It was found that the Russian cultural attitudes towards money (and the related concepts of money, work, wealth, poverty etc.) was mostly negative. This is based on several factors: the Orthodox Christian religion, which considers poverty virtuous and condemns greed, the economic troubles that Russia often faced throughout its history, making its middle class relatively small, the relatively late and forced arrival of Western financial innovations, such as banking, into Russia, the Communist ideology. And the traumatic transition to capitalism that happened in the 1990s. The US and UK attitudes towards money (and the related concepts of work, wealth etc.,) are positive. This Is caused by the influence of Protestantism, in which the acquisition of wealth was considered to be the Lord’s work and poverty was condemned, as it meant one was a poor steward of God’s gifts. Additionally, the US and UK spent a lot of their history being the financial centers of the world, their middle classes were historically large, and financial innovations and capitalism developed early and organically in these countries. The Croatian attitude towards money is positioned between the Russian and Croatian ones. Croatia, like Russia, faced economic difficulties often in its history, went through a Communist period and a difficult transition to capitalism, and was influenced by Catholicism, which, like Orthodoxy, condemned greed and considered poverty virtuous. However, Croatia was influenced strongly by Western culture, and its political position often allowed it to adopt Western financial innovations more easily. These views were found to be only partially reflected in the phraseological units found in the dictionaries used. In some of them, they are reflected completely. In some, however, they are reflected partially, or not at all. Croatian and Russian culture are indeed shown to have a more negative attitude towards money than US/UK culture. However, the positioning of Croatian culture between the more negative Russian attitude and the more positive US/UK one is not reflected due to a lack of evidence. The phraseological units collected do not reflect a difference in the US and UK conceptualizations of money, instead reflecting a shared “Anglosphere” conceptualization of money and related concepts. More total phraseological equivalents, and therefore more equivalents that could best be used as part of the most convenient translation strategy of replacing the source language phraseological unit with a target language one that has both a similar form and meaning in texts where phraseological units are present, were found between genetically close languages (Croatian and Russian). Meanwhile, more partial phraseological equivalents, and therefore more equivalents that could best be used as part of the translation strategy of replacing a source language phraseological unit with a target language one that has a similar meaning, but a different form, were found between genetically unrelated languages (English and Croatian). В настоящей работе исследовались культурные взгляды на деньги и другие, связанные с ними концепты (работу, богатство, бедность...). Мы решили, что термин фразеологическая единица лучше всех других охватывает все собранные и анализируемые нами выражения. Целю работы является поиск ответа на вопрос, отражают ли фразеологические единицы, связанные с деньгами и похожими концептами (работой, богатством, бедностью), фиксированные в словарях русского, хорватского и английского языков эти культурные взгляды. Исследовались и виды фразеологической эквивалентности и стратегии перевода, как часть которых каждый из видов фразеологических эквивалентов лучше могут употребляться. Оказалось, что российские культурные взгляды на деньги (и связанные с ними концепты работы, богатства, бедности) являются отрицательными. Это основывается на многих факторах. Православная религия, в которой бедность считается достоинством, а жадность осуждается, является одним из самых важных факторов. Ещё одной причиной отрицательного взгляда на деньги в российской культуре являются экономические проблемы, с которыми Россия в своей истории сталкивалась очень часто, что снизило число людей среднего слоя в России. Помимо того, западные финансовые инновации пришли в Россию относительно поздно, и были принуждены. На отношение россиян к деньгам очень повлияла и коммунистическая идеология, а также и период перехода к капитализму, который произошёл в 90-х годах. Американские и великобританские взгляды на деньги (и связанные с ними концепты работы, богатства...) являются положительными. Причиной этого является влияние протестантизма, следовательно котором приобретение богатства считалось Божьим делом, а бедность осуждалась, потому что она обозначала, что человек плохо заботиться о дарах Господних. Кроме того, Америка и Великобритания долгое время в своих историях были финансовыми центрами мира, их средние слои в историй были большими, а финансовые инновации и капитализм в этих странах развились рано и естественным способом. Хорватские взгляды на деньги находятся между российскими и английскими. Хорватия, как и Россия, в своей истории часто сталкивалась с экономическими проблемами, находилась под влиянием коммунизма и прошла тяжёлый переход к капитализму, и на неё влияло католичество, которое, как и православие, осуждало жадность и считало бедность достоинством. Но, Хорватия находилась и под влиянием западной культуры, и её политическая позиция часто позволяла её проще принять западные финансовые инновации Оказалось, что эти взгляды только частично отражаются в фразеологических единицах, собранных из использованных словарей. В некоторых из них взгляды отражаются полностью. Но, в других они отражаются либо частично, либо вообще не отражаются. Показалось, что хорватские и русские взгляды на деньги действительно являются более отрицательными, чем американские и великобританские. Но, положение хорватской культуры между более отрицательными русскими и более положительными американско-великобританскими взглядами не отражается в фразеологических единицах по причине нехватки доказательств. Собранные фразеологические единицы не отражают разницы между американскими и великобританскими взглядами на деньги. Вместо того, они отражают общие, «англоязычные» взгляды на деньги и связанные с ними концепты. Больше всего полных фразеологических эквивалентов, а следовательно и больше всего эквивалентов, которые лучше было бы употреблять как часть самой удобной стратегии перевода (заменить фразеологическую единицу исходного языка фразеологической единицей целевого языка, которая похожа на неё и внешним образом, и значением в текстах, где присутствуют фразеологические единицы) в словарях найдено между генетически близкими языками (хорватским и русским). Тем временем, больше частичных эквивалентов, а следовательно и больше эквивалентов, которые лучше было бы употреблять как часть стратегии перевода, заключающейся в замене фразеологической единицы исходного языка фразеологической единицей целевого языка, похожей на неё значением, но не и внешним образом, в словарях найдено между генетически неблизкими языками (английским и хорватским).

The aim of this thesis was to examine portrayals of womanhood in Irish fiction by analysing four novels: Mary Lavelle (1936) by Kate O'Brien, Down by the River (1997) by Edna O'Brien, The Gathering (2007) by Anne Enright, and The Cruelty Men (2018) by Emer Martin. The paper attempted to show how female protagonists struggled against the strict and unavoidable Church-State alliance in twentieth-century Ireland. This alliance severely constrained their options and desires. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je analizirati prikaze ženstva i ženske seksualnosti u irskoj prozi na primjerima četiri odabrana romana: Mary Lavelle (1936.) autorice Kate O'Brien, Down by the River (1997.) autorice Edne O'Brien, The Gathering (2007.) autorice Anne Enright i The Cruelty men (2018.) autorice Emer Martin. U analizi se pokazalo da se protagonistice romana tijekom 20.st. bore protiv strogog i neumitnog saveza Katoličke crkve i države u Irskoj, a koji je duboko određivao njihov identitet i ograničavao im prava.

This study deals with word formation and translation of neologisms in dystopian literature on the example of Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World and its Croatian translation. Its aim is to provide an insight into lexical innovation in dystopias and their translations by relying on Millward’s (2007) theory of dystopian neology. Based on Millward’s theoretical model, the study hypothesizes that coinage is the least frequent, and derivation the most frequent word formation process among source text neologisms. The third hypothesis states that literal translation and lexical creation are the most productive translation procedures. The research consists of extracting source text neologisms and their translations and analyzing the employed word formation processes and translation procedures. The findings show that compounding is the most prolific creation process in source text neologisms, while coinage and conversion are not used at all. The extracted neologisms are mostly rendered through literal translation and borrowing., Tema je ovog istraživanja tvorba riječi i prijevodne strategije u distopijskoj književnosti na primjeru romana Brave new world Aldousa Huxleyja i njegovog hrvatskog prijevoda. Cilj je istraživanja pružiti uvid u leksičke inovacije u distopijama i njihovim prijevodima oslanjajući se na teoriju o neologiji u distopijama koju iznosi Millward (2007). Na temelju spomenutog teorijskog modela u istraživanju se pretpostavlja da je stvaranje potpuno novih kovanica najmanje zastupljen, a izvođenje najzastupljeniji način tvorbe neologizama u izvornom tekstu. Treća hipoteza pretpostavlja da su doslovan prijevod i leksička kreacija najproduktivniji prijevodni postupci. Istraživanje se sastoji od izdvajanja izvornih neologizama i njihovih prijevoda te analize upotrijebljenih procesa tvorbe riječi i prijevodnih postupaka. Rezultati pokazuju da je slaganje najučestaliji način tvorbe izvornih neologizama, dok stvaranje potpuno novih kovanica i konverzija uopće nisu upotrebljavani. Izdvojeni neologizmi većinom su prevođeni putem doslovnog prijevoda i posuđivanja.

The media are always expected to be the objective mediators between the events they are reporting and the public. This thesis explores situations when the media willingly or unwillingly discarded the role of critical and objective bystanders and became the extension of the conflict. The main focus of this thesis is The Gulf War (1990-1991), nicknamed the Video Game War due to daily broadcast of images from Iraq. The paper presents work of Sir William Knightley, Ernest Hemingway and Michael Herr in respect to war correspondence. Building on that experience, the paper examines conflicts which brought forth new journalistic practices in war reportage. The American Civil War saw the event of organized journalism and censorship in reporting and the Vietnam War witnessed an unprecedented freedom of press that arguably influenced the outcome of the war. These events led to the changes imposed on media freedom in the Gulf War. The US developed a new strategy of ‘pools’ to avoid the ‘Vietnam syndrome’ and we outline the influence that it has had on news reporting and the issues it has created. In addition, this paper focuses on reporting conventions and technological advances in relation to war correspondence. Television not only covered the Gulf War, it became an integral part of the conflict – from the opening moments of the war, with live telephone coverage of the bombing of Baghdad, to the final liberation of Kuwait. These events also impacted the change of norms and values in journalistic practice and shaped the way war journalism is practiced and perceived today. Having all this in mind, the paper attempts to answer the question: In which way has the Gulf War of 1991 impacted journalistic practice in times of war?

This thesis offers an analysis of metaphors in four of Aesop’s fables often used in teaching English as a foreign language. First it provides for some of the latest and most influential theoretical approaches to metaphors such as the cognitive linguistic idea of the existence of a conceptual metaphor and the method of metaphor identification through close reading. The latter was adopted to identify metaphors and applied to all examples found in the four fables that were potentially identified as metaphoric. This approach was useful in defining the characters of the fables and interpreting the main message of each one of them. It consists of a close confrontation of dictionary definitions of each lexical unit present in the example. If the basic meaning of the lexical unit is different from the meaning influenced by the context, we can define it as metaphorical. The analysis has determined that all examples were metaphorical and it has also established that all the characters in the fables were primarily created through personification. The theoretical analysis has been further corroborated with examples from personal teaching experience which prove the value of fables as original material in teaching a foreign language.

Uppfinnandet av datorn har haft en stor betydelse för praktiskt alla aspekter av våra liv. IT-området förändras snabbt och nya begrepp som behöver att bli benämns dyker upp varje dag. Varje språk måste anpassa sig till dessa nya förändringar. I denna masteruppsats försöker jag bestämma några svårigheter och utmaningar vid översättning av termer från IT-braschen från svenska till kroatiska och omvänt . Jag har valt sju olika texter att översätta från svenska till kroatiska och omvänt (fyra från svenska till kroatiska och tre från kroatiska till svenska). Pojava računala i digitalna revolucija imali su veliki utjecaj na gotovo svaki aspekt ljudskog života. IT tehnologija se konstantno razvija i svaki se dan pojavljuju novi procesi i metode koje treba imenovati. Svaki se jezik mora prilagoditi tim novim promjenama. U ovom diplomskom radu izloženi su samo neki od terminoloških izazova i poteškoća koje se javljaju pri prevođenju tekstova iz IT industrije sa švedskog na hrvatskog i s hrvatskog na švedski. Diplomski rad sadrži i prijevode sedam različitih tekstova (četiri sa švedskog na hrvatski i tri s hrvatskog na švedski).

Denna masteruppsats handlar om problem som uppstår vid rättstolkning mellan svenska och kroatiska i Kroatien. I dess första del beskrivs olika tolkningstekniker som kan användas vid rättstolkning samt skillnader mellan kroatisk sudsko tumačenje och svensk rättstolkning. För att se vilka problem som uppstår och vilka lösningar som används, har en enkätundersökning genomförts bland rättstolkar i svenska som är registrerade i Kroatien. Enkätsvaren har visat att det finns olika slags både språkliga och icke-språkliga problem som kan uppstå under tolkningens gång, både vid tolkning och vid översättning, samt att det finns en rad olika lösningar rättstolkarna använder för att lösa dessa problem. Ovaj se diplomski rad bavi problemima koji se pojavljuju prilikom sudskog tumačenja između švedskog i hrvatskog u Hrvatskoj. U prvom su dijelu opisane različite prevoditeljske tehnike koje sudski tumači mogu koristiti tijekom usmenog prevođenja te razlika između poslova hrvatskih sudskih tumača i švedskih rättstolkar. Kako bi se saznalo koji se problemi pojavljuju i koja su njihova moguća rješenja, među sudskim tumačima za švedski jezik registriranima u Hrvatskoj provedeno je anketno istraživanje. Rezultati ankete pokazali su da postoje razni jezični i nejezični problemi koji se pojavljuju u radu sudskih tumača, koji se odnose i na usmeno i na pismeno prevođenje, kao i da postoji niz raznih rješenja kojima se sudski tumači koriste za rješavanje tih problema. This thesis deals with problems experienced by so-called court interpreters (i.e. certified translators and interpreters) in Croatia working with Swedish and Croatian. In its first part, various interpretation techniques which can be used in court interpreting are described, as well as the main differences between Croatian sudsko tumačenje and Swedish rättstolkning. In order to see which problems arise and which possible solutions there exist, a survey was conducted among certified translators/interpreters for the Swedish language who are registered in Croatia. The answers to the survey have showed that there are various kinds of both language and non-language related problems that can be experienced by certified interpreters/translators in their work (both interpreting and translating), as well as that there is a range of different solutions that they use to solve these problems.

The aim of this study was to explore the use of video in EFL classroom and describe the positive transformation of English language teaching related to using technology and video in education. The textbooks analyzed are designed in line with current technological advancement. They offer a variety of topics and provide a source of authentic language. The content of textbook modules and units is presented in the tables and all the videos are listed for the purpose of this study. Selected videos are described and the suggestions for lessons using video are explained. The reason for using video is to stimulate students’ motivation. Our research is focused on person – centered learning and development of students’ 21st century skills – creativity, collaboration, communication, critical thinking, learning to learn. We have shown that post-viewing tasks for practicing speaking and writing develop these skills.

This diploma thesis explores the complex symbolic framework and the allegorical and dystopian nature of William Golding’s 1954 novel Lord of the Flies. This thesis presents a literary-theoretical reading of the narrative of the novel, analyzing its main thematic components, how it deals with the psychology of human nature, examining its relationship with the utopian and dystopian tradition, with specific focus given to the tradition of the British adventure novel, followed by a cultural-anthropological analysis of the notion of childhood and the innocence of British childhood in the historical context of the novel. Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje kompleksnu simboličku strukturu te alegorijsku i distopijsku prirodu romana Gospodar muha Williama Goldinga iz 1954. godine. Rad predstavlja književno-teorijsko čitanje narativa romana, uz analizu glavnih tematskih cjelina, istražujući na koji se način roman bavi psihologiziranjem ljudske prirode i naravi, odnosom između utopijske i distopijske tradicije, sa specifičnim fokusom na tradiciji britanskog pustolovnog romana, te kulturno-antropološkom analizom koncepta djetinjstva i 'nevinosti' britanskog djetinjstva u određenom povijesnom kontekstu romana.

Music is a universal language that transcends borders, cultures, and time. In recent years, there has been a nostalgic return to the 1980s new wave in today's music and popular culture. This retro revivalism has been attributed to the “cancellation of the future” and the desire to revisit a time when optimism and possibility were in abundance. The younger generation's affection for this era of music has created a unique opportunity to use music as a language tool in foreign language classrooms. By connecting language learning to popular music, educators can motivate and engage students, improve their listening and comprehension skills, and provide a fun and creative learning environment. This paper reviews the beginnings of the New Wave in the Anglo-American context and Germany respectively. Next, it seeks to explain the cultural and social context which has enabled the emergence of “retro revivalism”, and, finally, it explores the relationship between music and language learning and provides practical suggestions for incorporating popular music into foreign language instruction. Glazba je univerzalni jezik koji nadilazi granice, kulture i vrijeme. Posljednjih godina došlo je do nostalgičnog povratka novog vala iz 1980-ih u današnju glazbu i popularnu kulturu. Ovaj retro revivalizam pripisan je "poništavanju budućnosti" i želji da se ponovno posjeti vrijeme kada je optimizma i mogućnosti bilo u izobilju. Naklonost mlađe generacije prema ovoj glazbenoj eri stvorila je jedinstvenu priliku za korištenje glazbe kao jezičnog alata u učionicama stranih jezika. Povezivanjem učenja jezika s popularnom glazbom, nastavnici mogu motivirati i angažirati učenike, poboljšati njihove vještine slušanja i razumijevanja te pružiti zabavno i kreativno okruženje za učenje. Ovaj rad daje pregled početaka novog vala u angloameričkom kontekstu, odnosno Njemačkoj. Zatim nastoji objasniti kulturni i društveni kontekst koji je omogućio pojavu "retro revivalizma" i, konačno, istražuje odnos između glazbe i učenja jezika i daje praktične prijedloge za uključivanje popularne glazbe u nastavu stranih jezika.

The goal of this thesis is to determine whether a component of working memory known as the phonological loop and its rehearsal mechanism are naturally employed by participants when performing a free recall task. Before it delves into the specifics of the research, it offers a brief overview of existing working memory research, the phonological loop model and its function. It takes a look at free recall and the effects that often occur in the results of free recall tasks, namely primacy and recency effects, the inverse modality effect, the word length effect, the word duration effect and the word frequency effect. It also examines lexical retrieval as a possible effect of intrusion errors and the kind of intrusion errors that might be expected in the results of a free recall task. The research involved twenty participants, half of whom did the task in English and half in Croatian. The participants were shown two lists of fourteen words each. The English lists contained words with the same number of letters, but each list had words with a different number of syllables. The words in the English lists were of varying degree of frequency. The Croatian lists contained words with the same number of syllables, but one list had words with a smaller number of letters. The words in the Croatian lists were roughly matched for frequency. Participants were divided into four groups (two groups for each language). The first group for each language was shown the words in English and Croatian respectively, one by one for two seconds on a projector screen with a two-second blank screen interval in between words. The second group for each language was first shown the list the previous group had seen as the second list. After they had been shown each list, they were asked to reconstruct it in any order they liked in as much time as they needed. In order to see if any of the participants would choose not to use rehearsal as a strategy at all and to see if being informed would affect overall performance, half of the participants in each group were told in advance what they would be required to do. After they had finished, a brief interview was conducted with each participant to see what methods they used to perform the task. The results showed that most participants used rehearsal in combination with a different strategy, indicating that rehearsal does occur naturally, but that it is not the sole strategy a participant would employ when performing a free recall task. Additionally, the results showed that the primacy effect was not less prominent than the recency effect, as is usual in free recall tasks. The word length and duration effects appeared as expected in the Croatian groups, but the frequency effect cancelled out these effects in the English groups. Cilj je ovog rada utvrditi koriste li ispitanici automatski dio radne memorije poznat kao fonološka petlja i njezin sustav artikulacijskog ponavljanja pri izvođenju zadatka slobodnog dosjećanja. Prije nego što prikaže pojedinosti ovog istraživanja, rad nudi kratak pregled postojećih istraživanja radne memorije, fonološke petlje i njezine funkcije. U radu se istražuje slobodno dosjećanje i učinci koji se često pojavljuju u rezultatima zadataka slobodnog dosjećanja, kao što su efekti primarnosti i recentnosti, obratni učinak modaliteta, učinak duljine riječi, učinak trajanja riječi i učinak učestalosti riječi. Također se ispituje leksičko dohvaćanje kao mogući učinak nametajućih pogrešaka i kakve se nametajuće pogreške mogu očekivati u rezultatima zadatka slobodnog prisjećanja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo dvadeset sudionika, od kojih je polovica zadatak rješavala na engleskom, a polovica na hrvatskom jeziku. Sudionicima su prikazana dva popisa od po četrnaest riječi. Popisi na engleskom jeziku sadržavali su riječi s istim brojem slova, ali na svakom su se popisu nalazile riječi s različitim brojem slogova. Riječi na engleskim popisima različitih su stupnjeva učestalosti. Popisi na hrvatskom jeziku sadržavali su riječi s istim brojem slogova, ali jedan je popis imao riječi s manjim brojem slova. Riječi na hrvatskim popisima približno su usklađene po učestalosti. Sudionici su podijeljeni u dvije grupe za svaki od jezika te su im riječi prikazane jedna po jedna na projekcijskom platnu u trajanju od dvije sekunde, s praznim zaslonom od dvije sekunde između svake riječi. Drugoj grupi za svaki jezik prvi je prikazan popis koji je prethodnoj grupi bio prikazan kao drugi po redu. Nakon što im je prikazan svaki od popisa, zamoljeni su da ga rekonstruiraju bilo kojim redom bez vremenskog ograničenja. Kako bi se uvidjelo hoće li neki od sudionika odabrati ne koristiti artikulacijsko ponavljanje kao strategiju za izvršenje zadatka i kako bi se uvidjelo kako će informiranost o zadataku utjecati na sveukupan učinak, polovici sudionika u svakoj grupi unaprijed je rečeno što će morati učiniti. Po završetku testa proveden je kratak intervju sa svakim sudionikom kako bi se vidjelo koje su metode koristili za obavljanje zadatka. Rezultati su pokazali da većina sudionika koristi artikulacijsko ponavljanje u kombinaciji s nekom drugom strategijom, što ukazuje na to da do artikulacijskog ponavljanja dolazi automatski, ali da to nije jedina strategija koju bi ispitanik koristio prilikom izvođenja zadatka slobodnog dosjećanja. Usto, rezultati su pokazali da efekt primarnosti nije bio manje izražen od efekta recentnosti, kao što je uobičajeno u zadacima slobodnog dosjećanja. Učinci duljine i trajanja riječi očekivano su se pojavili u hrvatskim skupinama, ali je učinak frekvencije poništio te učinke u engleskim skupinama.

This thesis presents an analysis of typing errors provided by 25 native English-speaking participants. The participants were asked to complete a typing test using the online tool Key Hero, which resulted in 25 text units, each containing 364 words. The texts contained data on errors made by the participants, both corrected and uncorrected, which were then isolated and compiled into a typing error corpus. The corpus was further subdivided into the corrected and the uncorrected typing error subcorpora. Errors in each subcorpora were classified using the classification presented in Thomas Berg’s 2002 article “Slips of the typewriter key”, and the classified error data compared to the data presented by Berg in hopes of replicating the results of his study. The results of the thesis partially matched those of Berg’s, with most discrepancies being attributed to corpus bias, human judgement, and source material restrictions. The conclusion reiterated Berg's, indicating that typing most closely resembles writing when it comes to error production.

Starting from the mid-19th century, then increasing dramatically after the Second World War, the influx of English loanwords in Japanese has become a driving force behind the rapid lexical expansion of this East Asian language. Just as American cultural influence has pervaded every facet of Japanese society, the English language has transformed the landscape of both its vocabulary and grammar to the extent that Japanese today cannot be proficiently spoken without the use of English loanwords. One result of this prolonged language contact is the development of wasei-eigo, original Japanese expressions based on borrowed English-language words. This paper aims to describe how English lexemes and morphemes are introduced into Japanese, modified to suit their new linguistic environment, then used in various ways to create novel English-derived forms and meanings that are not present in Standard English, demonstrating morphological productivity beyond the Anglosphere.

The thesis examines the ways in which Winterson depicts and eventually unveils the mechanism behind most modern feminist issues. Using repetition as a literary device, but also as a major motif, Winterson builds The Stone Gods into a multi-layered exploration of the challenges of womanhood, history and fate. This metatextual novel contains multitudes, tightly interwoven and virtually inextricable, centering the human condition as a driving force of the perpetuum mobile that is our universe. This reading is focused mainly on what is, in this dystopian utopia, considered to be Other – be it women, queer people, or robots – and their fight to rip away from the centrifugal force that keeps the world turning in an endless cycle of forgetting history and repeating it. The novel itself posits that the world these characters live in is “a repeating world” – the entire course of human history happens again and again, and humans keep repeating the same mistakes. It paints a rather bleak picture of humanity and, on the surface, makes it look like it is simply human nature not to learn anything from past mistakes and to eventually self-destruct. Through her carefully constructed narrative, however, Winterson reveals that fate might not be what it seems, and that there is a way to break the chain of suffering. Entropy presented in the novel can be broken by forming the bonds that are the ultimate core of the story, the only thing capable of breaking the pattern of self-destruction - human love. Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje načine na koje Winterson opisuje i konačno otkriva mehanizam iza većine modernih feminističkih pitanja. Koristeći ponavljanje kao stilsko sredstvo, ali i kao glavni motiv, Winterson stvara roman The Stone Gods kao višeslojno istraživanje izazova ženskog iskustva, povijesti i sudbine. Ovaj metatekstualni roman sadrži mnoge slojeve, usko isprepletene i gotovo nerazdvojive, centrirane oko ljudskog stanja kao pokretačke sile svemira. Ova interpretacija usredotočena je uglavnom na ono što se u ovoj distopijskoj utopiji smatra Drugim - bilo da se radi o ženama, queer ljudima ili robotima - i njihovoj borbi da se odupru centrifugalnoj sili koja drži svijet u beskrajnom ciklusu zaboravljanja i ponavljanja povijesti. Sam roman postavlja tezu da je svijet u kojem njegovi likovi žive "ponavljajući svijet" - čitava povijest ljudskog roda odvija se ciklično, a ljudi stalno ponavljaju iste pogreške. Takav prikaz ljudskog roda prilično je sumoran - na površini izgleda kao da je jednostavno u ljudskoj prirodi ne naučiti ništa iz vlastitih grešaka. Međutim, kroz pažljivo konstruiranu naraciju, Winterson otkriva da sudbina možda nije kakvom se čini i da postoji način da se prekine lanac patnje. Entropija prikazana u romanu može se pobijediti formiranjem odnosa koji su krajnja jezgra ove priče, te jedino što može prekinuti ciklus samouništenja - ljudska ljubav.

Was sind Artikel, welche grammatischen Einheiten gehören zu ihnen, was ist ihre Funktion und was ihre Bedeutung, sind die zentralen Fragen, auf die im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit geantwortet wird. Nicht alle Sprachen haben Artikel, aber wenn sie doch Artikel verwenden, sind sie eine der häufigsten Wortarten, die auftreten. Germanische Sprachen haben Artikel, während zum Beispiel einige slawische Sprachen oder Latein sie nicht haben. In dieser Arbeit interessieren uns Deutsch und Schwedisch, die von einer gemeinsamen Ursprache stammen und die Artikel verwenden. Allerdings, was zu Artikeln genau gehört, ist nicht immer ganz klar. Wir können über Artikel im engeren und weiteren Sinne sprechen. In dieser Arbeit befasse ich mich eher mit Artikeln im engeren Sinne und wie sie sich auf etwas auswirken, das die schwedische Sprache mit dem Wort Species benennt, und für Germanisten, die diesen Begriff nicht kennen, bezieht sich das auf den Begriff für Definitheit von Artikeln im engeren Sinne. Laut Hentschel & Weydt (2003:206) können wir Artikel nach Geschlecht, Anzahl und Kasus deklinieren, was einerseits im Deutschen etwas komplexer als im Schwedischen ist, weil das Deutsche mehr Fälle und mehr Geschlechter als das Schwedische hat. Andererseits wird die definite Bedeutung im Schwedischen durch Suffixe ausgedrückt, wenn eine Nominalphrase kein Adjektiv hat. Adjektive, verschiedene Pronomen und die Art des Substantivs können also die Form einer Nominalphrase beeinflussen, weshalb in dieser Arbeit davon die Rede sein wird. Aber was genau die Funktion von Artikeln ist, ist oft eine Frage, die sich unter Linguisten stellt. Eine der Funktionen besteht darin, auf einen Referenten zu verweisen, den wir verwenden, um genauer zu bestimmen, über welches außerprachliche Objekt wir sprechen. Daher wird in 4 Kapiteln auf alle oben gestellte Fragen geantwortet. Des Weiteren wird in Kapitel 5 eine Analyse dreier Romane durchgeführt, wo festgestellt wird, welche Unterschiede es in der Definitheit zwischen den zwei Sprachen gibt, da angenommer wird, dass es neben den vielen Ähnlichkeiten auch Unterschiede geben muss. Vad artiklar är, i vilka syntaktiska enheter de ingår, vad deras funktion är och vad deras betydelse är – dessa är de centrala frågorna som kommer att besvaras i den första delen av detta arbete. Inte alla språk har artiklar, men när de finns, har de en stor frekvens. Germanska språk har artiklar medan till exempel de flesta slaviska språk eller latinet inte har dem. I detta arbete är man intresserad av tyskan och svenskan, som kommer från ett gemensamt urspråk och använder artiklar. Vad som exakt hör till artiklar är dock inte alltid helt klart. Man kan prata om artiklar i snävare och bredare mening. I detta arbete handlar det mer om artiklar i snävare mening och hur de påverkar det som definieras med begreppet species i det svenska språket. Germanister använder inte denna term och avser detta begrep bestämdhet av artiklar i snäv mening. Enligt Hentschel & Weydt (2003:206) böjs artiklar efter genus, numerus (och kasus i tyskan), vilket är något mer komplext i tyska än i svenska: å ena sidan eftersom tyska har fler kasus och fler genus än svenska; å andra sidan, när en nominalfras inte har något adjektiv, uttrycks den bestämda formen i svenska med suffix. Adjektiv, olika pronomen och typen av substantiv kan alltså påverka formen på en nominalfras, vilket kommer att diskuteras i denna uppsats. Men vad som egentligen är artiklars funktion är en fråga som dyker ofta upp bland språkvetare. Därför görs det ett försök att besvara de ovanstående frågorna i kapitel 4. Vidare görs i kapitel 5 en analys av tre romaner, där det noteras vilka skillnader det finns i markering av bestämdhet i de två språken, förutsatt att det måste finnas skillnader tillsammans med de många likheterna.

Den här masteruppsats består av översättningar av tre texter från svenska till kroatiska och tre texter från kroatiska till svenska, samt en analys av problem vid översättning av idiomatiska uttryck i dessa texter. Vid analysen jämfördes vissa idomatiska uttryck från de översätta texterna med litteraturen, och på det grund drog man slutsatser om möjliga problem vid översättning av dessa uttryck, såväl som om möjliga lösningar på problemen. Rad se sastoji od prijevoda tri teksta sa švedskog na hrvatski i tri teksta s hrvatskog na švedski, te analize problema pri prevođenju idiomatskih izraza u navedenim tekstovima. U analizi su neki od idiomatskih izraza iz prevedenih tekstova uspoređeni s korištenom literaturom, te su na temelju toga doneseni zaključci o mogućim problemima pri prevođenju takvih izraza, kao i njihovim rješenjima. This master's thesis consists of translations of three texts from Swedish into Croatian and three texts from Croatian into Swedish, as well as of an analysis of problems related to translating idiomatic expressions in those texts. During the analysis, certain idiomatic expressions were compared to the literature, and these comparisons served as a basis for conclusions on possible problems in translating such expressions, as well as on the possible solutions for these problems.

This thesis focuses on the phenomenon of explicitation in translation. A controversial subject among TS scholars, the explicitation phenomenon has first ruffled feathers in the late 1980s when, by positing her Explicitation Hypothesis, Shoshana Blum-Kulka (1986) assigned it inherency within the process of translation. This claim was further reinforced at the beginning of this millennium, having been included in Kinga Klaudy’s typology (2011) as part of the broader idea of the Asymmetry Hypothesis. The starkest opponent of such an approach to explicitation, Viktor Becher, has since argued intensively against this inherent type of explicitation (2010a, 2010b, 2011). Becher’s work is characterized by a qualitative and descriptive approach to studying the phenomenon. This thesis takes that approach as a starting point in researching explicitation in Croatian translations of European Union regulations and directives addressing environmental issues. An analysis of a limited corpus of English and Croatian language versions of these acts is conducted with the aim to propose a framework and preliminary typology for further research on explicitation. Ovaj se diplomski rad bavi fenomenom eksplicitacije u kontekstu prevođenja. Ova je kontroverzna tema prvi put uzburkala vode u ovom polju humanistike u kasnim 80-im godinama prošlog stoljeća kad je, iznijevši svoju teoriju eksplicitacije, Shoshana Blum-Kulka (1986) eksplicitaciju proglasila svojstvenom prijevodnome procesu. Ta je tvrdnja dodatno poduprta početkom ovog tisućljeća nakon što je Kinga Klaudy (2011) uključila „eksplicitaciju svojstvenu prijevodnom procesu“ u svoju tipologiju integriranu u širu sliku teorije asimetrije. Oštar stav protiv takvog shvaćanja eksplicitacije zauzeo je zatim Viktor Becher, snažno se zalažući protiv eksplicitacije svojstvene prijevodnom procesu (2010a, 2010b, 2011). Becherov doprinos, u obliku kvalitativnog i deskriptivnog istraživačkog pristupa, poslužio je kao temelj ovog istraživanja eksplicitacije u hrvatskim prijevodima uredaba i direktiva Europske unije koje se bave pitanjima zaštite okoliša. Svrha provedene analize ograničenog korpusa engleskih i hrvatskih jezičnih verzija tih akata oblikovanje je istraživačkog okvira i preliminarne tipologije za daljnje istraživanje eksplicitacije.

This paper explores the question of what strategies native Croatian speakers would employ in translating into Croatian wordplay from English video clips. A variety of brief video clips with different forms of wordplay were chosen as material for subtitling, all originally in English and requiring a greater or lesser familiarity with anglophone cultures. For the purposes of this paper, wordplay was considered a language-bound part of culture, requiring those familiar with said culture to utilize the language associated with it in creative ways. The respondents varied from undergraduate and graduate students of the English language to speakers without college-level credentials with a working knowledge of English. The respondents were presented with the clips in original English, subtitled to reduce chances of mishearing words, and briefly instructed on how to approach the translation. The results were then analyzed in regards to whether the respondents were familiar with the content, recognized the relevant forms of wordplay, and the kinds of translation strategies which were used to render them into Croatian. The results were then correlated with the respondents’ demographic data and analyzed in that regard.

This master's thesis, based on a longitudinal case study, aims to explore the motivation of a lower-grade primary school student who had studied English prior to enrolling in primary school, as part of pre-primary education. First, the paper explores the transition between pre-primary and primary school education, particularly regarding English language learning motivation and the difference in this motivation from the pre-primary level to learning English as a compulsory subject in primary school. Furthermore, it discusses factors that influence motivation, such as age, coherence, continuity in the transition, the role of parents, teachers, and peers, the difficulty of the tasks given to students, self-concept, and self-confidence. Also, the paper explores the factors that demotivate primary school students. The results indicate that the participant, who started learning English at a pre-primary level and had acquired it to a certain level, faced some difficulties learning English in primary school. Demotivation, boredom, and the impact on self-confidence were the most prominent difficulties. On the other hand, the results suggest that the participant, with prior knowledge of the English language, shows great potential, which, if nurtured correctly, can lead to success in English language learning. Ovaj diplomski rad, na temelju longitudinalne studije slučaja, nastoji proučiti motivaciju jedne učenice nižih razreda osnovne škole koja je, kao dio predškolskog obrazovanja, učila Engleski jezik. Teorijski, rad prije svega proučava tranziciju između predškolskog i osnovnoškolskog obrazovanja, posebno s aspekta nastave Engleskog jezika. Osim same tranzicije, rad definira motivaciju i navodi vrste motivacije najrelevantnije za ovo istraživanje, a to su intrinzična i ekstrinzična motivacija. Nadalje, navodi čimbenike koji utječu na motivaciju, kao što su dob, koherentnost i kontinuitet u tranziciji, uloga roditelja, nastavnika i vršnjaka, zahtjevnost zadataka koje učenici rješavanju, samopoimanje i samopouzdanje. Također, rad navodi čimbenike koji demotiviraju osnovnoškolske učenike. Rezultati ukazuju na činjenicu da je osnovnoškolska učenica, subjekt istraživanja, koja je u predškolskom obrazovanju počela učiti Engleski jezik, i koja ga je do određene razine usvojila, suočena s ponekim teškoćama u nastavi Engleskog jezika u osnovnoj školi. Kao najistaknutije teškoće navode se demotiviranost, dosada i utjecaj na samopouzdanje. S druge strane, osnovnoškolska učenica s predznanjem Engleskog jezika koja je bila subjekt ovog istraživanja, ima veliki potencijal koji, ako se njeguje na pravi način, može dovesti do velikih uspjeha u učenju Engleskog jezika.

The Gullah language, linguistically known as an English-based creole language, is a variety spoken by the Gullah people in coastal regions of South Carolina, Georgia and Northeast Florida. Until nowadays, this rich mixture of African words and the English language spoken hundreds of years ago remains one of the most preserved creole languages spoken by approximately 250,000 people of African descent. The aim of this thesis is to examine the most prominent features of Gullah on the data analysis of the movie entitled Daughters of the Dust from 1991, the first movie directed and produced by Julie Dash, an African-American woman. The movie gained a general theatrical release due to its cultural and historical significance. The first part of the thesis will consist of a necessary theoretical survey of the history, origins, social and historical background of Gullah, as well as its linguistic features, all of which influenced Gullah and its development and usage throughout the years. The second part of the thesis will present an empirical qualitative research of its features based on the dialogues featured in the movie under consideration. These features will be compared to the ones described in the existing literature.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the application of politeness maxims and observe how they are incorporated in the conversational exchange that occurs in a unique social setting that is illustrated in the movie 12 Angry Men with special attention given to Juror#8 and the Foreman, to determine if and how they differ from other characters. Therefore, the analysis in this research is largely based on Geoffrey Leech's Politeness Principle. This paper illustrates the importance of politeness as it examines the six maxims proposed by Leech. The qualitatively studied examples were coded according to politeness maxims. The results show that politeness maxims in the speech of Juror #8 and the Foreman serve the greater goal of serving justice, rather than keeping what Leech refers to as “communicative altruism”. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je analizirati primjenu maksima uljudnosti i promotriti na koji su način uklopljeni u razgovor koji se odvija u jedinstvenom društvenom okruženju, ilustriranome u filmu 12 gnjevnih ljudi s posebnim osvrtom na porotnika br. 8 i nadzornika kako bi utvrdili razlikuju li se od ostalih likova i na koji način. Stoga, analiza se uvelike temelji na načelu uljudnosti Geoffreya Leecha. Ovaj rad ilustrira važnost uljudnosti i kvalitativni primjeri kodirani su prema maksimama uljudnosti. Rezultati pokazuju da maksime uljudnosti u govoru porotnika br. 8 i nadzornika služe višem cilju služenja pravdi, umjesto onoga što Leech naziva „komunikativnim altruizmom“.

Eighteenth-century England witnessed some of the greatest changes in political, but also social realms of life. It witnessed major shifts in attitudes towards marriage, but though marriages based on personal affection, companionship and friendship were on the rise, people still married in order to secure their wealth, and in cases of many young women to secure their survival and economic stability. This thesis will discuss Jane Austen’s novels. In all Austen’s novels marriage is a predominant theme. Pride and Prejudice, Emma and Persuasion will be thoroughly examined and discussed. The thesis will focus on marriages in these three novels, but the emphasis will be put on marriages of convenience and the reason why such marriages existed in the first place. Austen herself criticized and even ridiculed such marriages in her novels, but they took place nevertheless and deserve attention.

This thesis proposes to explore some aspects of strategic construal of English verb-particle constructions, with the focus on factors that are theorized to influence learners’ visual representations of particle verbs. In order to determine what features of idiomatic particle verbs influence learners’ visual conceptualizations, a study was conducted on 80 Croatian high school students who are learning English. The participants were asked to draw the meaning of 24 verb-particle constructions containing 4 particles (out, in, up and down) and verbs that can semantically be described as either light (less specific, schematic) or heavy (more specific, denoting concrete actions). It was determined that the semantic nature of the verb played a role in how the participants visually represented the chosen particle verbs, as they were able to meaningfully decompose particle verbs more consistently when the lexical part of the construction was a heavy verb. Additionally, particle verbs with a heavy lexical element produced more responses that were characterized as lexical determination, while topological determination was prevalent in the case of light verbs. An overwhelming number of analyzed drawings contained concrete symbols and props, suggesting that learners favor this type of self-generated visual representations, and potentially implying that detailed illustrations might be more accessible to high school students, compared to decontextualized schematic diagrams. Another insight gleaned from the study was that Croatian high school learners of English are capable of conceptual integration, since their drawings incorporated the literal meaning of either one or both components of the relevant particle verb and its target figurative meaning in 31.74% of all drawings. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti aspekte strateškog konstruiranja značenja engleskih fraznih glagola s naglaskom na čimbenike koji utječu na slikovni prikaz fraznih glagola kod učenika engleskog jezika. Kako bi se utvrdilo koje značajke idiomatskih fraznih glagola određuju kako će učenici vizualno koncipirati te strukture, provedeno je istraživanje na 80 hrvatskih srednjoškolaca koji uče engleski. Od sudionika se tražilo da nacrtaju značenje 24 frazna glagola, u kojima su bila zastupljena 4 različita prijedloga (out, in, up i down), kao i jednak broj značenjski određenih te značenjski neodređenih glagola. Utvrđeno je da značenjska struktura (određenost) glagola igra ulogu u tome kako sudionici slikovno prikazuju frazne konstrukcije, s obzirom na to da su u većem broju slučaja prikazali jednu ili obje komponente fraznih glagola u crtežima koji se odnose na konstrukcije sa značenjski određenim glagolima. Nadalje, frazne konstrukcije sa značenjski određenim glagolima polučile su više crteža koje karakterizira leksičko određenje, dok se gramatičko/topološko određenje pokazalo svojstvenim za neodređene glagole. Veliki udio svih analiziranih crteža sadržava konkretne simbole i specifične predmete, što ukazuje na to da učenici preferiraju takav oblik individualnih vizualnih prikaza, i što potencijalno implicira da bi konkretne ili detaljne ilustracije mogle biti razumljivije srednjoškolcima, u usporedbi sa shematičnim dijagramima lišenima konteksta. Također je utvrđeno da su hrvatski srednjoškolci koji uče engleski sposobni konceptualno integrirati doslovna značenja elemenata fraznog glagola s cjelokupnim prenesenim značenjem izraza, što predočuje činjenica da su ispitanici u crtežima prikazali doslovno značenje jedne ili obiju komponenti frazne konstrukcije uz ciljano preneseno značenje fraznog glagola u 31.74% svih crteža.

In this study we have aimed to examine the role of psycholinguistic variables in the lexical-semantic processing of antonyms. The focus of the study was on the impact of convention on processing antonym pairs, as expressed with the psycholinguistic variable of reaction time. The aim was to further clarify antonymy, not only as a lexical, but also as a conceptual phenomenon. We used a reaction time experiment to test processing of three different categories of antonyms. Namely, those classified, upon doing a corpus analysis to determine their respective frequencies, as highly conventionalized, less highly conventionalized and unconventional. Our experiment has confirmed that there is indeed correlation between convention, as expressed by frequency, and reaction time. We take that as just another confirmation of antonymy being not only a lexical but a conceptual phenomenon too, in which both the knowledge of the language and the knowledge of the world play an important part. Finally, we have laid out some of the ways in which this lexical and conceptual phenomenon could be further studied to get more reliable results to account for the observed effects.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate and describe language views and attitudes towards anglicisms in Croatian present among Croatian university students. The investigation is done through a sociolinguistic interview, and it attempts to characterise ideologies as well as the factors which have had the most influence in their formation. The interview consists of direct questions, a poll and analysis of newspaper articles. The results indicate that different types of language approaches and attitudes are present among Croatian university students. No matter how different their opinions may be, all participants agree on the fact that anglicisms have become inevitable in the Croatian language. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je istražiti i opisati stavove i mišljenja o anglizmima u hrvatskom jeziku koji su korišteni među hrvatskim sveučilišnim studentima. Istraživanje se provodi putem sociolingvističkog intervjua, te pokušava opisati ideologije i čimbenike koji su najviše utjecali na formaciju istih. Intervju se sastoji od izravnih pitanja, ankete i analize novinskih članaka. Rezultati ukazuju da postoje različite vrste pristupa i stavova prema jeziku među hrvatskim sveučilišnim studentima. Bez obzira na različitost mišljenja, svi sudionici se slažu s činjenicom da su anglicizmi postali neizbježni u hrvatskom jeziku.

The Clash was a British punk rock band that emerged in the late 1970s during a time of significant social and political upheaval in Britain. The band's music and lyrics reflected the concerns and frustrations of many young people who felt alienated from mainstream society and were searching for an alternative voice. Great Britain in the 1970s was facing high unemployment, inflation, and cuts to public services led to widespread dissatisfaction and a sense of hopelessness among many working-class people. The Clash's music and lyrics addressed these issues head-on, with songs that spoke to the experiences of young people growing up in a society that seemed to have little regard for their welfare. In many ways, The Clash embodied the spirit of resistance and rebellion that was prevalent in British society during this period. Their music and message were a powerful reflection of the social and political climate in Britain during their time. They gave voice to the frustrations and concerns of many young people who were struggling to find their place in a rapidly changing society. This paper will deal with the socio-political occurrences from roughly 1975 to 1985, with a focus on the music of The Clash. The paper will use carefully chosen songs and lyrics from The Clash to demonstrate the band's significance in the changes occurring in British society. The paper will place selected songs in the chapters that will provide information on the themes of race, social injustice, poverty and unemployment, and consumerism. Additionally, it will provide examples of songs that highlight The Clash's concerns regarding social problems as well as demonstrate themes that were crucial for the period.

Only the Animals by Ceridwen Dovey is a contemporary Anglophone collection of short stories, written by a postcolonial author, that centers animal subjectivities – i.e. the souls of ten dead animals implicated, each in their own way, in historical global conflicts from the 19th century to present times – as its narrators and focalizers. The collection is constructed as a pastiche of previous literary works that center animals, which makes it heavily intertextual. Likewise, it is accompanied by a list of sources that brings into focus the artificiality of its construction, making the work metafictional. By employing postcolonial ecocriticism alongside studies of animal narration as its critical apparatus, this thesis expands on previous ecocritical readings of Only the Animals and argues for a reading that takes into consideration both the figuring of animal-as-animal, and human-as-animal. Through its animal narrators, Only the Animals unpacks animal oppression within human colonial and warring projects by exploring both animal complicity and animal oppression within anthropogenic conflicts. While it does constitute an act of speaking for animals, the collection successfully constructs a zoocentric perspective rather than succumbing to anthropocentrism, and functions as an act of minor literature on behalf of its animal narrators through its use of intertextuality and zoological and ethological accuracy. Likewise, through its figuring of animal subjectivities as the focalizers, Only the Animals follows the post-Darwinian turn in animal fables, i.e. it represents animals as equal to, rather than lesser than humans. The animal narrators’ commentary on both humans and human literature engages in a critical, posthumanist perspective of human-animal relationships that challenges anthropocentrism and western human attitudes towards animal life. Dovey’s collection, as this thesis argues, is thus an act of radical rewriting of animal narratives and histories that challenges the notion of human superiority and utilizes literary representation as a means of renegotiating the cultural treatment of animals in a shared human-animal world.

This thesis talks about the origins of the literary genre of utopia and the way it developed throughout history. If follows the timeline that transforms utopia into dystopia as well as the importance of perspective. The concept of utopia and dystopia is then exemplified with two novels, Brave New World and Nineteen Eighty-Four. Through the three selected topics of power, family, and technology, the thesis discusses how they are used and the conditions to serve the state in both novels. The discussion shows while family and power in both novels are treated in the same way, technology in Brave New World appears to be serving its citizens, but in the end, it is still used to control them, which again corresponds to the only available technology in Nineteen Eighty-Four. The paper discusses the necessary destruction of the family nucleus in order to maintain power over its inhabitants and how raising and nurturing become conditioning.

As one of the most influential events of the Western world, the French Revolution has been the topic of countless works of literature, both fictional and non- fictional. In recent years, the events, figures and geography of the French Revolution has served as an inspiration for authors in a new genre of fantasy, known as gunpowder or flintlock fantasy. Taking novels of Django Wexler’s Shadow Campaigns series as an example, this thesis establishes the basic tenets of this genre based on the theory of the fantastic. It also discusses the similarities between the various elements of the novels and their historical counterparts. Finally, the thesis discusses various questions regarding the fundamental principles of history as well as its relationship with the fantastic. Through this, the thesis demonstrates that historical fantasy is a suitable vessel for fictional portrayal of historic events, despite the criticisms of its detractors.

This study aims to explore the changes in the levels of idiomaticity in the Croatian translations of phraseological units in The Black Cat and The Murders in the Rue Morgue. For this purpose, the first translation by Tin Ujević (1952) was compared to its retranslations by Nada Šoljan (1974) and Saša Drach (2008). The research is based on the assumptions of the retranslation hypothesis (RH) that first translations are TT-oriented, while retranslations are ST-oriented. The first research question being tested is whether retranslations will be more ST-oriented by using more adherence strategies during the translation process of PUs than the TT-oriented first translations, while the second research question aims to determine whether the first translations will be more TT-oriented by using more literalization and deletion strategies than the ST-oriented retranslations. The findings show that in The Black Cat a reverse trend can be observed, while in The Murders in the Rue Morgue the first retranslation observes the pattern of the RH, while the second deviates from it. These findings demonstrate that while elements of the RH can be observed during the translation process of PU-idiomaticity, it is not the norm due to intratextual and extratextual factors that influence the translations. Cilj ovog istraživanja jest istražiti promjene u razini idiomatičnosti u hrvatskim prijevodima frazeoloških jedinica u Crnom mačku i Ubojstvima u ulici Morgue. U tu svrhu, prvi prijevod Tina Ujevića (1952.) uspoređen je s ponovnim prijevodima Nade Šoljan (1974.) i Saše Dracha (2008.). Istraživanje se temelji na hipotezi o ponovnim prijevodima koja pretpostavlja kako su prvi prijevodi orijentirani prema ciljnom tekstu, dok su ponovni prijevodi orijentirani prema izvornom tekstu. Prvo istraživačko pitanje na koje se nastoji odgovoriti jest, hoće li ponovni prijevodi biti više orijentirani prema izvornom tekstu korištenjem više strategija pridržavanja (adherence) tijekom prevođenja frazeoloških jedinica nego prvi prijevodi koji bi trebali biti usmjereni prema ciljnom tekstu, dok je cilj drugog istraživačkog pitanja utvrditi hoće li prvi prijevodi biti više orijentirani prema ciljnom tekstu zbog češćeg korištenja strategija literalizacije (literalization) i brisanja (deletion) od ponovnih prijevoda koji bi trebali biti orijentirani prema izvornom tekstu. Rezultati pokazuju da se u Crnom mačku može uočiti obrnuti trend, dok u Ubojstvima u ulici Morgue prvi ponovni prijevod prati obrazac hipoteze o ponovnim prijevodima, za razliku od drugog ponovnog prijevoda. Ovi rezultati pokazuju da, premda se elementi hipoteze o ponovnim prijevodima mogu razaznati tijekom prevođenja idiomatičnosti frazeoloških jedinica, zbog raznih unutartekstualnih i izvantekstualnih čimbenika koji utječu na prijevode, to nije uvijek slučaj.

This MA paper sets out to analyse ways in which well-known female heroines are represented in the selection of fairy tales rewritten by three contemporary authors. The stories and poems from Angel Carter’s The Bloody Chamber and Other Stories (1979) and Burning Your Boats: The Collected Short Stories (1995), Emma Donoghue’s Kissing the Witch: Old Tales in New Skins (1997), and Carol Ann Duffy’s Faery Tales (2014) and The World's Wife (1999) are under discussion in the paper. The paper argues that the selected authors openly defy the traditional plot and conventional representations of protagonists, especially the female ones. By offering a reimagined narrative and subverting gender stereotypes so typical for fairy tales, they show how the stories originally created by male writers could be approached from the female point of view. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je analizirati načine na koje su poznate junakinje prezentirane u bajkama koje su preradile tri suvremene autorice. Analizirat će se priče i pjesme iz The Bloody Chamber and Other Stories (1979) i Burning Your Boats: The Collected Short Stories (1995) od Angele Carter, Kissing the Witch: Old Tales in New Skins (1997) od Emme Donoghue te Faery Tales (2014) i The World's Wife (1999) od Carol Ann Duffy. U radu je istaknuto da odabrane autorice otvoreno prkose tradicionalnom zapletu i konvencionalnim prikazima protagonista, osobito ženskih likova. Time što su ispričale novu priču i oborile rodne stereotipe, tako tipične za bajke, pokazale su kako se pričama, koje su izvorno napisali muški pisci, može pristupiti sa ženskog stajališta.