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Summary: Epiploic foramen entrapment (EFE) is one of the most common causes of small intestinal strangulation in horses. Cribbing and previous episodes of colic are suggested as risk factors for its occurrence. The aim of this study was to correlate the height, weight, breed, gender and age to the epiploic foramen (EF) length. Forty‐three horses were submitted to post‐mortem measurement of epiploic foramen with abdominal and thoracic organs positioned in situ. After data collection, linear regression between EF length and the explanatory variables was performed. None of the post‐mortem physical variables was associated with EF length, supporting the hypothesis that there is no association between EF length and age, and that increased intra‐abdominal pressure is the most important factor predisposing to EFE recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reasons for performing study Mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs) have been used to treat equine tendonitis with promising results; however, little is known about the potential migration of these cells. Objectives To assess the possible migration of MSCs from an implantation site in the superficial digital flexor tendon ( SDFT) to a lesion in the SDFT of the contralateral limb. Study design In vivo experimental study. Methods Adipose-derived MSCs were isolated from 4 healthy horses. Lesions were induced in the SDFTs of both forelimbs, followed by intralesional implantation of autologous adipose-derived MSCs labelled with nanocrystals into one of the limbs. Flow cytometry of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and fluorescence microscopy of biopsies of the SDFT lesions were used to search for the labelled cells. Results Labelled cells were detected among the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in all animals, but labelled cells were present only in the SDFTs that were treated with the intralesional implants. Conclusion Nanocrystals were a valuable in vivo marker of MSCs to be used for tendonitis treatment. Although migration of MSCs to the bloodstream was observed, it was not possible to identify the labelled cells in the untreated tendons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research on the effectiveness of stem cell therapy in the treatment of tendinitis and osteoarthritis in equine medicine. It aims to characterize the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in horse. It looks at collagenase digestion as the basis of the process of isolating the nucleated cell fraction from the adipose tissue. A proposed standard protocol to ensure the correct characterization of equine mesenchymal stem cells is also discussed.

This article aims to report an unusual case of equine colic associated with cecal lesions induced by parasite compatible with strongyles. A ten-year-old mare, Mangalarga Marchador breed, was attended with history of severe abdominal pain. Upon admission to the Veterinary Hospital, altered circulatory status and blackened feces were observed, in addition to the presence of cylindrical, reddish parasites less than 1 cm in length, consistent with cyathostomins. The patient had no history of deworming, and fecal egg count (FEC) resulted in 1,500 eggs per gram. Due to pain unresponsive to analgesia, the mare underwent exploratory celiotomy, revealing diffuse areas of infarction in the cecum and small colon, leading to euthanasia due to the severity and extent of the lesions. Histopathological analysis of tissue samples collected from the affected segments revealed multifocal tissue necrosis associated with hemorrhage, congestion, and inflammation, along with tubular filamentous structures compatible with cylindrical parasites in the cecum, leading to the diagnosis of parasitic necrohemorrhagic typhlitis. Studies suggest various possibilities regarding the pathogenesis of non-strangulating cecal infarction associated with strongyle parasitism, considered the main gastrointestinal endoparasites of horses and potential agents associated with colic, thus underscoring the need for effective strategies for parasite control in horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intraperitoneal (IP) use of antimicrobial agents may lead to therapeutic effects with better clinical results than intravenous (IV) administration. The aim of this study was to compare plasma and peritoneal fluid concentrations of ceftriaxone after IP and IV administration in horses, and to evaluate possible adverse effects. One group of five horses received 25mg/kg ceftriaxone diluted in 1L saline solution by IP catheter once daily for 5 days, while a second group of five horses received 25mg/kg ceftriaxone diluted in 250mL saline solution by IV injection once daily for 5days and 1L saline solution by IP catheter once daily for 5 days. Peritoneal fluid and plasma were collected to determine ceftriaxone concentrations after the first and fifth administration. IP administration of ceftriaxone resulted in concentrations above a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1μg/mL for 24h in peritoneal fluid and for 12h in plasma, while IV administration of ceftriaxone resulted in lower peritoneal fluid concentrations, which remained above a MIC of 1μg/mL for 12h in peritoneal fluid and 10h in plasma. No adverse effects were observed. Comparisons of ceftriaxone concentrations, time of occurrence of the maximum (T max ) and minimum (T min ) concentrations, and the mean residence time (MRT), between the two groups showed that IP administration provided greater availability of cephalosporin in peritoneal fluid. The IP use of ceftriaxone (25mg/kg diluted in 1L saline solution once daily) may be useful for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of peritonitis in horses., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aim: Occlusion and reperfusion of splanchnic arteries cause local and systemic changes due to the release of cytotoxic substances and the interaction between neutrophils and endothelial cells. This study evaluated the role of pentoxifylline (PTX) and n-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the reduction of ischemia, reperfusion shock and associated intestinal injury., Methods: Sixty rats were divided into 6 groups of 10 animals. Rats in three groups underwent mesenteric ischemia for 30 minutes followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion, and were treated with saline (SAL-5 mL/kg/h), pentoxifylline (PTX-50 mg/kg) or n-acetylcysteine (NAC-430 mg/kg/h). The other 3 groups underwent sham ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) and received the same treatments. Hemodynamic, biochemical and histological parameters were evaluated., Results: No significant hemodynamic or intestinal histological changes were seen in any sham group. No histological changes were found in the lung or liver of animals in the different groups. There was a progressive decrease in mean arterial blood pressure, from mean of 111.53 mmHg (30 minutes of ischemia) to 44.30+/-19.91 mmHg in SAL-I/R, 34.52+/-17.22 mmHg in PTX-I/R and 33.81+/-8.39 mmHg in NAC-I/R (P<0.05). In all I/R groups, there was a progressive decrease in: aortic blood flow, from median baseline of 19.00 mL/min to 2.50+/-5.25 mL/min in SAL-I/R; 2.95+/-6.40 mL/min in PTX-I/R and 3.35+/-3.40 mL/min in NAC-I/R (P<0.05); in the heart rate, from mean baseline of 311.74 bpm to 233.33+/-83.88 bpm in SAL-I/R, 243.20+/-73.25 bpm in PTX-I/R and 244.92+/-76.05 bpm in NAC-I/R (P<0.05); and esophageal temperature, from mean baseline of 33.68 degrees C to 30.53+/-2.05 degrees C in SAL-I/R, 30.69+/-2.21 degrees C in PTX-I/R and 31.43+/-1.03 degrees C in NAC-I/R (P<0.05). In the other hand, there was an attenuation of mucosal damage in the small intestine of the animals receiving PTX, and only in the ileum of the animals receiving NAC. No changes were found in ileum or plasma malondialdehyde levels in any group., Conclusions: PTX was more efficient in reducing histological lesions than NAC, but neither treatment prevented hemodynamic changes during splanchnic organs I/R.

Aim: Diclofenac sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to attenuate painful inflammatory reactions in surgery. However, it may delay healing in the skin and gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Diclofenac in vascular healing., Methods: Ninety rabbits had their carotid arteries sectioned and reconstructed by end-to-end anastomosis with interrupted sutures. The animals were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 30 each and treated by intramuscular route with saline (control), 5 mg/kg/day of diclofenac sodium (DS-5), and 10 mg/kg/day of diclofenac sodium (DS-10). Treatment began on the day of surgery and lasted 4 days. Angiography, biomechanical properties (failure load, failure elongation, yield point, yield point elongation, and stiffness were obtained from the load/elongation curve), macroscopic and histological examinations (hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, Calleja, Picrossirius-red), and scanning electron microscopy were studied in both arteries on the 3rd and 15th postoperative days., Results: No significant differences in biomechanical properties were observed either in the 3 groups or the experimental times. The carotid artery healing process was similar in the 3 groups., Conclusion: Diclofenac sodium did not cause alterations nor delayed carotid artery healing.