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This investigation focuses on a suite of 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoyl hydrazine derivative ligands, examining their viability as urease activity inhibitors and delving into their operative mechanisms. Utilizing molecular docking approaches, the binding patterns and interactive loci of 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoyl hydrazine derivatives with urease were elucidated. The origin of the binding forces between the ligands and urease, along with pertinent descriptors, were scrutinized through an amalgamation of density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. The findings indicate that the HOMO‐LUMO energy gap, the dipole moment, and the electrostatic potential serve as robust descriptors of the inhibitory activity exhibited by 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoyl hydrazine derivative ligands against urease. The ligand designated BH‐k emerged as the most efficacious urease inhibitor, with critical hydrogen bonds forming between it and the residues His409, Ala636, and Asp633, in addition to hydrophobic interactions with Arg439. The design of ligands capable of establishing additional hydrogen bonds constitutes an effective strategy to amplify inhibitory efficacy. The results of this research aspire to lay a theoretical foundation for the advancement of novel urease inhibitor designs to counteract health issues emanating from aberrant urease activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and cost-effective 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine derived from Schiff base 1-benzylidine-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) hydrazine (L) was designed and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. The interaction between L and bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been carried out using UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, DSC, SEM, and molecular docking methods. The phosphate buffer (pH = 7. 4) solution of BSA showed fluorescence emission maxima at 342 nm. Upon addition of L to the BSA solution, it quenched the fluorescence emission at 342 nm. The quenching of the fluorescence emission is due to the formation of a complex between L and BSA. The binding constant was calculated from the fluorescence titrations and found to be 6. 7 4 5 × 1 0 6 M − 1 . Further, molecular docking analysis was carried out to establish the binding between L and BSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of benzoquinoline-employing heterocycles was synthesized by treating 3-chlorobenzo[f]quinoline-2-carbaldehyde with N-phenyl-3-methylpyrazolone, 4-aminoacetophenone, 1,2-diaminoethane, and 2-cyanoethanohydrazide. Also, pyridine, chromene, α,β-unsaturated nitrile, thiosemicarbazone, and 1,2-bis-aryl hydrazine derivatives were prepared from the cyanoethanohydrazone obtained. The DFT calculations and experiment outcomes were consistent. In vitro screening of their antiproliferative efficacy was examined against HCT116 and MCF7 cancer cell lines. The pyrazolone 2 and cyanoethanohydrazone 5 derivatives exhibited the most potency, which was demonstrated by their molecular docking towards the CDK-5 enzyme. The binding energies of compounds 2 and 5 were − 6.6320 kcal/mol (with RMSD of 0.9477 Å) and − 6.5696 kcal/mol (with RMSD of 1.4889 Å), respectively, which were near to that of co-crystallized ligand (EFP). This implies a notably strong binding affinity towards the CDK-5 enzyme. Thus, pyrazolone derivative 2 would be considered a promising candidate for further optimization to develop new chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) analyses displayed its desirable drug-likeness and oral bioavailability properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The one-pot reaction of potassium cyanocarbamimidothiolates with acetylated bromo sugars produced a novel class of substituted glycosylisothiourea derivatives 5a–h that demonstrated their Z-configuration. Some of the later compounds 5a–d were treated with NH3 in methanol at 25 °C, to afford the unprotected thioglycoside functionalized compounds 6a–c with excellent yields. To characterize the structure of the newly synthesized compounds, various techniques, such as elemental analysis and spectral data (13C NMR, IR, and 1H NMR) were employed. Furthermore, the substituted S-glycosylisothioureas 5 and 6 were subjected to a reaction with hydrazine hydrate, resulting in the formation of corresponding 5-amino-1,2,4-triazole derivatives 7a–d. The antibacterial properties of all newly synthesized compounds were thoroughly assessed and evaluated. Among these compounds, the most potent antimicrobial agents were found to be compounds 5a, 5g, 6a, 6b, and 6c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to synthesize novel heterocyclic scaffolds containing a thiophene moiety using easily accessible acetoacetamide as a key synthon. The reaction of acetoacetamide with diazonium salts resulted in the formation of the corresponding thiophene derivatives 4a–c. Additionally, the reaction of acetoacetamide derivative 3 with malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, or 2‐cyanoacetamide, along with elemental sulfur, under refluxing in dioxane containing triethylamine afforded thiophene‐containing derivatives 5a–c. Furthermore, compound 3 reacted with phenyl isothiocyanate in dry dimethylformamide and K2CO3 to yield compound 7. In situ alkylation of the non‐isolable salt 6 was achieved by the addition of methyl iodide, resulting in the formation of methylthio‐thiophene‐2‐carboxamide 8. Compound 7 was employed with numerous alpha‐halogenated reagents in ethanol, affording thiazole derivative 9 and thiophene derivatives 10a and 10b, respectively. Moreover, compound 8 was reacted with hydrazine to produce the 1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide derivative 11. Additionally, refluxing acetoacetamide derivative 3 with malononitrile and/or ethyl cyanoacetate in dioxane, in the presence of catalytic amount of triethylamine afforded 4‐imino‐3,7‐dimethyl‐4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]thieno[3,2‐e]pyrimidin‐9(5H)‐one derivatives 12a and 12b. Furthermore, the reactivity of acetoacetamide derivative 3 with 2‐cyanoacetohydrazide was investigated through refluxing the reactants in dioxane, which subsequently yielded the corresponding cyanoacetamide derivative 13. The chemical identity of the newly synthesized compounds was determined by employing infrared spectroscopy (IR), 1H NMR, and 13C NMR techniques. Newly synthesized heterocycles incorporating thiophenes were evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials. Notably, thiophene scaffolds 5a, 10b, 11, and 13 displayed notable antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Herein, we disclose an eco-efficient redox-neutral iron-catalyzed decarboxylative radical addition to chiral azomethine imines upon visible light (427 nm) giving cyclic hydrazine derivatives with dr ranging from 82 : 18 to >96 : 4. This earth-abundant metal promoted sequence proceeds efficiently under ligand-free conditions based on a LMCT process and opens a route to new chiral heterocycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strategy for the synthesis of N,N‐disubstituted hydrazines via the electrocatalytic addition of hydrazine to α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds is reported. The reaction was carried out under constant current electrolytic conditions in an undivided cell. Using this methodology, various N,N‐disubstituted hydrazines were prepared in 57–94% yield in 40 minutes. By adding cyclohexanone and acetic acid to the reaction mixture of N,N‐disubstituted hydrazines and heating for 2 hours, a one‐pot synthesis of N‐substituted indoles was also developed. Furthermore, based on cyclic voltammetry and control experiments, a plausible mechanism involving a radical pathway is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pyrazole derivatives have gained attention as potential leads for developing anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. Chemical modifications of pyrazole structures offer a strategy to enhance their therapeutic properties, while minimizing undesirable effects. Objective: This study aimed to synthesize novel pyrazole derivatives through chemical modifications and assess their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Methods: A series of pyrazole variants were synthesized by reacting various acetophenone derivatives and diethyl oxalate in basic conditions, followed by treatment with glacial acetic acid and hydrazine hydrate. The resulting compounds were further methylated and acetylated. The synthesized compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, 1H NMR, IR, and MASS spectroscopy. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the rat paw edema technique induced by carrageenan, while the analgesic activity was assessed using the writhing reflux method. Results: Among the newly synthesized pyrazole derivatives, compounds 3b, 3e and 3g′ demonstrated significant anti- inflammatory activity with reduced ulcerogenic potential. Compounds 3d,3b′ and 3d′ exhibited notable analgesic activity compared to the standard drug. The chemical modifications introduced in these derivatives were confirmed through spectroscopic analyses. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the potential of pyrazole derivatives as promising candidates for anti- inflammatory and analgesic drug development. The structural modifications performed in this research improved the therapeutic activities of the compounds, while addressing safety concerns. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action and optimize the pharmacological profiles of these novel pyrazole derivatives. This study synthesized novel pyrazole derivatives and evaluated their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Key findings showed that certain modified compounds exhibited significant therapeutic activities with reduced side effects. The results support the potential of pyrazole derivatives as effective and safer options for pain and inflammation management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing utilization of hydrazine and its derivatives across diverse sectors highlights the pressing need for efficient detection methods to safeguard human health and the environment. Likewise, nicardipine, a widely used medication for heart diseases, necessitates accurate sensing techniques for clinical research and therapeutic monitoring. Here, we propose a novel approach using a naphthalimide-functionalized Zr-MOF as a fluorometric probe capable of detecting both hydrazine and nicardipine in aqueous medium. Our designed probe exhibited a significant 31-fold increase in fluorescence intensity upon interaction with hydrazine. At the same time, nicardipine induced 86% fluorescence quenching with an exceptionally rapid response time (100 s for hydrazine and 5 s for nicardipine). The designed probe has the ability to detect both analytes at nanomolar concentrations (LOD for hydrazine is 1.11 nM while that for nicardipine is 9.6 nM). Investigation across various wastewater samples and pH conditions further validated its practical utility. The mechanism behind fluorometric sensing of nicardipine was thoroughly investigated using modern instrumentation. Our study presents a versatile and effective approach for detecting hydrazine and nicardipine, addressing crucial needs in both industrial and biomedical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrazine, a highly toxic compound, demands sensitive and selective detection methods. Building upon our previous studies with pre-coumarin OFF–ON sensors for fluoride anions, we extended our strategy to hydrazine sensing by adapting phenol protecting groups (propionate, levulinate, and γ-bromobutanoate) to our pre-coumarin scaffold. These probes reacted with hydrazine, yielding a fluorescent signal with low micromolar limits of detection. Mechanistic studies revealed that hydrazine deprotection may be outperformed by a retro-Knoevenagel reaction, where hydrazine acts as a nucleophile and a base yielding a fluorescent diimide compound (6,6′-((1E,1′E)-hydrazine-1,2diylidenebis(methaneylylidene))bis(3(diethylamino)phenol, 7). Additionally, our pre-coumarins unexpectedly reacted with primary amines, generating a fluorescent signal corresponding to phenol deprotection followed by cyclization and coumarin formation. The potential of compound 3 as a theranostic Turn-On coumarin precursor was also explored. We propose that its reaction with ALDOA produced a γ-lactam, blocking the catalytic nucleophilic amine in the enzyme's binding site. The cleavage of the ester group in compound 3 induced the formation of fluorescent coumarin 4. This fluorescent signal was proportional to ALDOA concentration, demonstrating the potential of compound 3 for future theranostic studies in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study depicts the synthesis of a novel biocatalyst Cluster Fig Ash (CFA) from cluster fig. XRD, FT‐IR, EDX, TGA, BET and SEM techniques were used to characterize the synthesized CFA catalyst. The one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles derivatives under ambient conditions was utilised to test the catalytic activity of this synthesized CFA biocatalyst. It was found that an easy, reliable, and extremely efficient method has been proposed to synthesise pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles derivatives using one‐pot, multicomponent reaction involving aldehyde, malononitrile, ethylacetoacetate, and Hydrazine monohydrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to amine derivatives widely existing in numerous clinical medicines and bioactive compounds, their synthesis has received considerable attention over the past few decades. Traditional methods for the synthesis of amine derivatives largely relied on the reduction of nitroarenes, amides, hydrazines, nitriles, and azides. Recently, the discovery of 2‐azaallyl anions as super‐electron‐donors (SEDs) has opened up new possibilities for the construction of diverse carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds through radical coupling strategies. This breakthrough highlights the potential of generating 2‐azaallyl radicals as versatile intermediates in organic synthesis. Then, hydrolysis of the coupling product can easily separate the corresponding amine derivatives. Thus, tremendous attention has been paid to the C−H functionalization of ketimines as an alternative strategy for the synthesis of amine derivatives. Herein, we comprehensively summarize the recent progress in radical coupling strategies enabled by 2‐azaallyl anions as SEDs. Their proposed mechanistic pathways, advantages, and limitations are also discussed in detail. 1. Introduction 2. C−C Bond Formation 2.1. Vinylation of Ketimines 2.2. Arylation of Ketimines 2.3. Alkylation of Ketimines 2.3.1. Methylation of Ketimines 2.3.2. Other Alkylation of Ketimines 3. C−X Bond Formation 3.1. C−P and C−S Bonds Formation 3.2. C−N and C−O Bonds Formation 4. Conclusions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Synthesis, characterization of novel thiazole hydrazine derivatives and inhibitory action against the VEGFR-2. Methods: The novel synthesized derivatives were appraised for their ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vitro utilizing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method. Results and Discussion: The synthesized derivatives divulge moderate to noteworthy in vitro anticancer activity towards the chosen cancer cell lines. Compounds (Va), (Vb), and (Ve) exhibited prominent anticancer activities with IC50 values 10.24–15.44 µM. Conclusions: Amongst these, compound (Va), (Vb), and (Ve) showed the most potent inhibition when compared with other tested compounds. Thus, the reports obtained of the current studies divulge that the thiazole hydrazine derivatives can be developed as auspicious anticancer entities in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 3‐hydroxypyrazole derivatives have been synthesized by a base‐promoted reaction of nitro‐substituted donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with hydrazines. The synthesized compounds have been investigated for their ability to inhibit aquaporin 9 (AQP9) in rat Leydig cells (LC‐540). The protein data bank structure for AQP9 was predicted using homology modeling; and the protein–ligand interaction for the synthesized hydroxyl pyrazole derivatives were analyzed using molecular modeling and docking studies. The results of in silico analyses showed that compound 5b had a higher binding affinity with AQP9 than other compounds. Further, in vitro studies conducted in LC‐540 cells confirmed that compound 5b effectively inhibits AQP9. Hence, compound 5b may be used as an inhibitor in enhancing our understanding of AQP9 function, and in the treatment of several diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of 1-(3-(furan-2-yl)-5-methyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one 1 with dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMF-DMA) afforded 3-(dimethylamino)-1-(3-(furan-2-yl)-5-methyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 2. Then the treatment of enaminone 2 with the appropriate hydrazonoyl halides 3a–f in chloroform in the presence of triethylamine at reflux gave novel bipyrazolyl methanone derivatives 4a–f. The novel bipyrazole derivatives 4a–c and 4d–f reacted with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol at reflux to give the corresponding pyrazolopyridazinones 9a–c and pyrazolopyridazines 10d–f, respectively. Stirring of hydroximoyl chlorides 11a,b with enaminone 2 in chloroform in the presence of triethylamine at room temperature afforded isoxazole derivatives 12a,b. The reaction of isoxazoles 12a,b with hydrazine hydrate in refluxing ethanol gave the corresponding isoxazolopyridazines 14a,b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some of triazole derivatives are synthesized by cyclization reaction of thiocarbohydrazide synthesized by reaction of carbon disulphide and aqueous hydrazine; the basic nucleus 3-methyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione (L) is prepared by reaction of thiocarbohydrazide compound with glacial acetic acid under reflux condition. The compound (L) is subjected to addition reaction with different aldehydes to synthesize Schiff bases 1,3[N,N-Bis(5-methyl-1,3,4- triazole-2-thione)] benzene (L1) and 1,4[N,N-Bis(5-methyl-1,3,4-triazole-2- thione)] benzene (L2). The compounds (L1) and (L2) are confirmed by means of their melting point, FTIR, UV-visible, and ¹H-NMR spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrazine (HD) and mono‐methyl hydrazine (MMH), as the compositions of rocket fuels and corrosion inhibitor, have a significant impact on the atmospheric environment. The effects of them on the reaction between NO2 and H2O were investigated theoretically from mechanism and kinetics, and it is expected that they can promote the hydrolysis of NO2 due to their lower free energy barriers. For the subsequent reaction HNO3+HONO+HD/MMH, acid base complex and zwitterionic structure were produced through isomerization. When one or two water molecules were involved in the subsequent reaction, only zwitterionic structure can be found with the lower free energy barrier, and the products were more stable than those without water molecules. To study the atmospheric behavior of HD/MMH, the structures, thermodynamics, interaction forces and temperature dependence of the clusters, which were consisted with HNO3 and HONO with the base molecules including ammonia, amine and amide, were further calculated, and the results show that the hydrogen bond is the main interaction in the clusters. The global minima remained fixed when the temperature increases from 200 K to 325 K. The forming reactions of the clusters were spontaneous, suggesting that ammonia, amine and amide can promote the nucleation of HNO3 and HONO molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

new pyrazole derivatives were synthesized through a cyclization reaction of chalcones derivatives with hydrazine hydrate under acidic catalysis and characterization by different techniques. The MTT assay was used to examine the cytotoxic activity of the produced compounds against the tumor cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Morphological screening images by using the IC50 values of 2-[3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]quinoline at various concentrations to the cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were done. Molecular docking for the most active compound inside the active sites of the (PDB: 1M17) was done. The geometry optimization and reactivity descriptors, such as energy band gap (ΔE), chemical potential (μ), electronegativity (χ), chemical hardness (η), chemical softness (S), electrophilicity (ω), and least unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), were also analyzed using the DFT calculation performed using DFT/B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p). Additionally, a thorough in silico prediction of the compounds physicochemical ADME profile was completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The condensation of 3-benzyl-2-sulfanylidene-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro[benzo[h]quinazoline-5,1′-cyclo-heptan]-4(6H)-one with 5,5-dialkyl-2-(chloromethyl)benzo[h]quinazolines gave bis-benzo[h]quinazoline compounds in which the spiro[benzo[h]quinazoline-5,1′-cycloheptane] fragment is linked through the 2-position to another benzo[h]quinazoline moiety via a SCH2 spacer. 3-Benzyl-2-sulfanylidene-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro-[benzo[h]quinazoline-5,1′-cycloheptan]-4(6H)-one reacted under similar conditions with methylene iodide to produce 2,2′-[methylenebis(sulfanediyl)]bis{3-benzyl-3H-spiro[benzo[h]quinazoline-5,1′-cycloheptan]-4(6H)-one}. The initial benzo[h]quinazoline was converted to 2-hydrazinyl derivative which underwent elimination of the hydrazine moiety by the action of alkali with the formation of 3-benzyl-3H-spiro[benzo[h]quinazoline-5,1′-cycloheptan]-4(6H)-one. The 2-hydrazinyl derivative was used to obtain the corresponding phenylhydrazone, thiosemicarbazide, and 4-benzyl-4H-spiro[benzo[h][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazoline-6,1′-cycloheptanone]-5(7H)-one. The alkylation of 4-benzyl-1-sulfanyl-4H-spiro[benzo[h][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazoline-6,1′-cycloheptan]-5(7H)-one with alkyl halides afforded the corresponding 1-alkylsulfanyl derivatives. The synthe-sized compounds were tested for antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previously synthesized ethyl 2-benzamido-4-(1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl)thiophene-3-carboxylates were cyclized to 2-aryl-3-aminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones by the action of hydrazine hydrate. The con-densation of ethyl 2-amino-4-(1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl)thiophene-3-carboxylate with chloroacetyl chloride gave the corresponding N-substituted 2-chloroacetamide which reacted with piperidine and morpholine to produce 2-aminoacetamides, and the latter were also subjected to cyclization with hydrazine hydrate to obtain 3-amino-thienopyrimidin-4-one derivatives. The synthesized compounds were tested for antihypoxic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unsaturated ketones of the furan series have been synthesized by the aldol–crotonic condensation of furfural with some unsaturated ketones. The optimal conditions have been found to include alcoholic sodium hydroxide as reaction medium and room temperature, which provide higher regioselectivity, 65–75% yields of the target unsaturated ketones, and the absence of byproducts. The presence of a C=C double bond activated by the carbonyl group in the molecules of the synthesized unsaturated ketones makes them promising substrates for the preparation of various potentially biologically active compounds. In particular, they reacted with hydrazine hydrate, thiosemicarbazide, and secondary amines to give new furan derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent Synthesis of Mono‐ & Bis‐Pyranopyrazole Derivatives. Pyranopyrazole is an important structural unit in heterocyclic chemistry and is useful in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. The pyranopyrazole‐based compounds are known in the agricultural industry as herbicides, fungicides, and insecticide agents and in medicinal fields as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiHIV agents. Despite its wide range of applications, the synthesis of pyranopyrazole has several limitations such as the cost of reagents, potential environmental risks, harsh reaction conditions, longer reaction times, laborious workup procedures, and unsatisfactory yields. However, many studies have been recently reported on the synthesis of pyranopyrazoles using mild, green, and environmentally friendly methods that also give higher yields. Different catalysts and conditions have been reported for the synthesis of pyranopyrazole using four, three, and two components. Among these, four‐component synthesis is commonly reported by using benzaldehyde, hydrazine derivatives, ethyl acetoacetate and malononitrile due to the commercial availability and stability of the reagents. This review summarized the recent synthesis of pyranopyrazole i. e., mono‐ and bis‐pyranopyrazole derivatives via four‐, three‐ and two‐component‐based reactions. Mono‐ and bis‐pyranopyrazole derivatives varied due to the number of pyranopyrazole units that contributed to play an important role in increasing the binding interaction and biological activities beneficial for pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have framed a detailed account of the synthetic methods and the bioactivity and pharmacological aspects available for aminopyrazolecarbonitriles as they have substantial role as a building block and starting materials for producing enormous biologically active heterocyclic skeletons. Hydrazine derivatives are important precursors in the synthesis of aminopyrazolecarbonitriles where, the nucleophilic addition of hyrazines to monocyano, dicyano, tricyano and tetracyanoethylenes led to the formation of the target compounds via the formation of two C–N bonds. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) of hydrazines, aromatic aldehydes, and malononitrile is considered an efficient one pot protocol for the synthesis of aminopyrazolecarbonitriles. Intramolecular cyclization involves one bond formation and functional group transformations are used to prepare aminopyrazolecarbonitriles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new Ru(II) arene chlorido organometallic complex [(η6-p-cymene)(L)RuCl]PF6 (named as pCYRuL) using 2-bis(quinolin-2-ylmethylene) hydrazine (L) was developed that exhibits potent anticancer activity against castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) (IC50 = 0.71 μM), and it is 45 times more effective than the standard drug cisplatin (IC50 = 31.3 μM) in a castration-resistant human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line (PC-3) but non-toxic in normal human kidney cells (HK2) as well as normal breast cells (MCF10A) and found that pCYRuL exerted anticancer activity via apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase of PC-3 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3-alkyl-5-diethylamino(morpholino)methyl-1H-pyrazolyl-1-acetic acid methyl esters were synthesized via 3-alkyl-5-diethylamino(morpholino)methyl-1H-pyrazolyl-1-acetic acid and monochloroacetic acid methyl esters. The compounds synthesized were employed in the reactions with ammonia, hydrazine hydrate and KOH to produce new functional derivatives of 3-alkyl-5-diethylamino(morpholino)methyl-1H-pyrazoles. We identified that the functional derivatives of pyrazoles synthesized are biologically active substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corresponding pyridyl chalcones were synthesized by the aldol-crotonic condensation of the acetyl derivative of epoxybenzo[7,8]-oxocino[4,3-b]pyridine with aromatic aldehydes. A subsequent cyclization with hydrazine hydrate in acetic acid led to the corresponding 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole derivatives. An assessment of the resulting derivatives for antitubercular activity was carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multicomponent reaction (MCR) for the synthesis of five novel N'-(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl) benzohydrazide derivatives in excellent yields at room temperature have been achieved via a reaction between 1-(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl) hydrazine was added 4-chloroethyl benzoyl chloride followed by the addition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. This was applied as an efficient and recoverable nanocatalyst for the one‐pot synthesis of hydrazine Derivatives. The catalyst was magnetically recovered and reused for 4 consecutive cycles without significant loss of its activity and selectivity. Fe3O4 Nano catalyst was prepared by the co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, TEM, VSM, and analyses. This study presents an efficient multicomponent protocol, which provides several advantages, such as short reaction times, high yields, and easy working up this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrazole-bearing compounds are known for their diverse pharmacological effects including potent antileishmanial and antimalarial activities. Herein, some hydrazine-coupled pyrazoles were successfully synthesized and their structures were verified by employing elemental microanalysis, FTIR, and 1H NMR techniques. The in vitro antileishmanial and in vivo antimalarial activities of the synthesized pyrazole derivatives (9–15) were evaluated against Leishmania aethiopica clinical isolate and Plasmodium berghei infected mice, respectively. The result revealed that compound 13 displayed superior antipromastigote activity (IC50 = 0.018) that was 174- and 2.6-fold more active than the standard drugs miltefosine (IC50 = 3.130) and amphotericin B deoxycholate (IC50 = 0.047). The molecular docking study conducted on Lm-PTR1, complexed with Trimethoprim was acquired from the Protein Data Bank (PDB ID:2bfm), justified the better antileishmanial activity of compound 13. Furthermore, the target compounds 14 and 15 elicited better inhibition effects against Plasmodium berghei with 70.2% and 90.4% suppression, respectively. In conclusion, the hydrazine-coupled pyrazole derivatives may be considered potential pharmacophores for the preparation of safe and effective antileishmanial and antimalarial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts for the electro-oxidation of hydrazine derivatives is of great importance in various industrial applications. In this study, we report the utilization of graphite-based catalysts for the electro-oxidation of hydrazine derivatives, using sodium chloride as a green and sustainable chemical approach. Graphite, a two-dimensional carbon material with exceptional properties, offers numerous advantages as a catalyst, including its high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and chemical stability. These characteristics make graphite an ideal candidate for promoting electrochemical reactions. Sodium chloride (NaCl), a readily available and cost-effective salt, serves as a green alternative to traditional oxidants used in hydrazine oxidation processes. By replacing conventional oxidizing agents with NaCl, we aim to reduce the environmental impact associated with the production and disposal of hazardous chemicals. This process enables the transformation of the HN-NH bond within hydrazines, leading to the formation of azo compounds (N = N). Azo compounds are important organic molecules with diverse applications in organic synthesis. This novel approach has successfully showcased the efficacy of utilizing various azo compounds in 13 different examples, yielding excellent or moderate to good results. The method capitalizes on electricity as the final oxidizing agent, providing an environmentally friendly oxidation strategy. Its high efficiency and gentle reaction conditions make this technique valuable for synthesizing azo derivatives, even when working with hydrazines containing diverse functional groups, resulting in yields ranging from moderate to excellent. Through systematic experiments, we evaluated the catalytic performance of graphite-based catalysts in the electro-oxidation of hydrazine derivatives. The catalysts demonstrated remarkable catalytic activity due to their efficient conversion of hydrazine derivatives into desired products. Moreover, the system exhibited good stability and recyclability, suggesting its suitability for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilising the oxygen‐vacancy‐mediated reactivity of CaO/CuO and hydrazine monohydrate in isopropyl alcohol at 353 K, a variety of amino‐derivatives of N‐heterocycles, including pyridine, indole, quinoline, isoquinoline, and benzothiazole, have been selectively synthesised by reducing their nitro analogues. It is demonstrated that CaO/CuO composite is a reusable, solvent‐resilient solid reducing agent that can reduce a variety of nitro‐N‐heterocyclic substrates. The critical role of the structure of CaO/CuO on the nitro‐reduction activity has been studied using spectroscopy and microscopy. DFT simulations indicate the facile formation of oxygen vacancies (EO,vac=−43.4 kJ/mol) on the interface of CaO/CuO surface under reducing environment. The presence of CaO facilitated a stronger interaction of the nitro‐substrate on the oxygen vacant CuO (111) surface, resulting into a significantly lower activation energy (Ea=21.9 kJ/mol) for N−O dissociation. The reaction could be scaled up from 1 to 12 mmol of substrate. CaO/CuO is a reusable and a cost‐effective alternative to the conventional catalyst (Pd/C, Pt/C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hantzsch reaction created a new series comprising 1,4-dihydropyridine pyrazoles and oxa diazoles (DHP) by initially synthesizing DHP esters, then its carbohydrates, and subsequent treatment with hydrazine. Pyrazole derivatives (Am1 and Am2) were obtained via the reaction of hydrazines with acetylacetone or ethyl acetoacetate, whereas the oxadiazole derivative (Am3) was prepared via reaction with carbon disulfide in an alkaline medium. The prepared compounds were identified using spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, ¹H and 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry). The anti-breast cancer activity of new compounds was evaluated. This cytotoxicity activity afforded that compound (AS) was the strongest in this group together with an IC50 = 100.24µg mL-1, whereas compound (AT) demonstrated the lowest potency, with an IC50 value of 300 µg mL-1. The Hantzsch reaction was used in the synthesis of a new 1,4-dihydropyridine that has pyrazole and oxadiazole moieties. The activity of in vitro cytotoxicity (MTT cell viability assay) was determined. In vitro MCF7 cells were used in the evaluation of the cytotoxicity activity (MTT cell viability assay) of new compounds. This cytotoxicity activity meant that compound (AS) was the strongest in this group, with an IC50 of 100.24 µg mL-1, while compound (AT) had the least potency, with an IC50 value of 300 µg mL-1. Based on our findings, we can infer that 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives (DHPs) are noteworthy heterocyclic compounds with pharmacological potential.  This cytotoxicity activity meant that compound (AS) was the strongest in this group, with an IC50 of 100.24 µg mL-1, while compound (AT) had the least potency, with an IC50 value of 300 µg mL-1.  [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creatinine and Schiff`s bases are well known for their diverse range of biological activities and are thought to be emerging and useful therapeutic targets for the treatment of several diseases. The present work was aimed at the synthesis of new imidazolidine-4-one, thiazolidine-4-one, and oxazolidine-4-one derivatives derived from creatinine and to illustrate their influence on a colon cancer cell line and assess their antioxidant activity. Creatinine was reacted with α-chloroethyl acetate to produce 2-ethyl acetate creatinine 1. Then, the reaction of compound 1 with n-propyl bromide afforded N-propyl-2-ethylacetate creatinine 2. Compound 2 was then reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give hydrazide derivative 3. Schiff bases 4-6 were synthesized via the reaction of compound 3 with aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde) and a ketone (p-amino acetophenone) in the presence of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst. Finally, Schiff bases 4-6 were treated with 2- aminoacetic acid to synthesize imidazolidine-4-one derivatives 7-9, with 2- thioglycolic acid to prepare thiazolidine-4-one derivatives 10-12, and with glycolic acid to synthesize oxazolidine-4-one derivatives 13-15. The newly synthesized compounds were identified using FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the antioxidant and anticancer activities of some of the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro and showed good results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Recyclization of N -arylitaconimides with hydrazine in dioxane at room temperature selectively leads to 2-(3-oxopyrazolidin- 4-yl)acetanilide derivatives in moderate to good yields. The similar reaction with phenylhydrazine proceeds with the simultaneous formation of isomeric 3- and 5-oxo- 1-phenylpyrazolidine-containing acetanilides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine is one of the promising structural fragments for the development of drugs, including anticancer drugs. This work is devoted to the synthesis of a number of new 2-arylhydrazone derivatives of thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine, which are synthetic precursors for triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines. The crystal structure of 6-acetyl-7-methyl-5-phenyl-2-(2-phenylhydrazineylidene)-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-3(2H)-one was established by SCXRD. In the reduction reaction of the compound, the following system was used: vanadium(V) oxide, and sodium borohydride in ethanol at room temperature, which led to the formation of only one pair of diastereomers (1R*)-1-((5S*,6R*,7R*)-(1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methyl-1,5-diphenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)ethan-1-ol.

Fosmidomycin (FOS) is a naturally occurring compound active against the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) enzyme in the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, and using it as a template for lead structure design is an effective strategy to develop new active compounds. In this work, by replacing the hydroxamate unit of FOS with pyrazole, isoxazole and the related heterocycles that also have metal ion binding affinity, while retaining the monophosphonic acid in FOS or replacing it with a bisphosphonic acid group, heterocycle-containing mono- and bisphosphonic acid compounds as FOS analogs were designed. The key steps involved in the facile synthesis of these FOS analogs included the Michael addition of diethyl vinylphosphonate or tetraethyl vinylidenebisphosphonate to β-dicarbonyl compounds and the subsequent cyclic condensation with hydrazine or hydroxylamine. Two additional isoxazolinone-bearing FOS analogs were synthesized via the Michaelis–Becker reaction with diethyl phosphite as a key step. The bioactivity evaluation on model plants demonstrated that several compounds have better herbicidal activities compared to FOS, with the most active compound showing a 3.7-fold inhibitory activity on Arabidopsis thaliana, while on the roots and stalks of Brassica napus L. and Echinochloa crus-galli in a pre-emergence inhibitory activity test, the activities of this compound were found to be 3.2- and 14.3-fold and 5.4- and 9.4-fold, respectively, and in a post-emergency activity test on Amaranthus retroflexus and Echinochloa crus-galli, 2.2- and 2.0-fold inhibition activities were displayed. Despite the significant herbicidal activity, this compound exhibited a DXR inhibitory activity lower than that of FOS but comparable to that of other non-hydroxamate DXR inhibitors, and the dimethylallyl pyrophosphate rescue assay gave no statistical significance, suggesting that a different target might be involved in the inhibiting process. This work demonstrates that using bioisosteric replacement can be considered as a valuable strategy to discover new FOS analogs that may have high herbicidal activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DFT calculations of ground-state hydrazine and benzohydrazide derivatives were performed by using hybrid functional B3LYP and CAMB3LYP with 6–31G (d, p) as basis set. The electric dipole moment (μ) , polarizability (α) and molecular first hyperpolarizability (β) were characterized in these compounds. The HOMO–LUMO energy gaps and the global chemical reactivity descriptors were computed by B3LYP and CAMB3LYP using 6–31G (d,p), while the excitation energies have determined by time dependent DFT (TDDFT). Besides, the stability and charge delocalization were studied by natural bond orbital analysis. Topological analyses such as atom in molecule (AIM), natural bonding orbital (NBO) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) have used to compute intermolecular interactions and in particular hydrogen bonds. The obtained first-order hyperpolarizabilities in the range of 1.5 × 10 − 3 0 to 30.2 × 10 − 3 0 esu revealed that the hydrazine and benzohydrazide derivatives have better NLO properties. The low-energy gap of 3.53 eV generates an intramolecular charge transfer, leading to the enhancement of the NLO activity in these compounds. The HOMO and LUMO have negative energies, suggesting that stable compounds could be synthesized. The negative (red, orange and yellow) regions of the MEP are related to electrophilic reactivity. The AIM analysis is applied to classify and understand hydrogen bonding interactions in the molecules. Besides, the 2D NCI plots describe the nature of noncovalent interactions in the molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, some new pyrazole derivatives were prepared through the reaction of the diazonium salt of metoclopramide with acetylacetone to give 5-chloro-N-(2- (diethylamino)ethyl)-4-((2,4-dioxopentan-3-yl) diazenyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (1) in 80% yield. Compound 1 was then reacted with some hydrazine derivatives to afford the corresponding pyrazole derivatives in 75-93% yields. Some new azo compounds (6-10) were also prepared in 77-95% yields by treatment of the diazonium salt of metoclopramide with some phenol and aniline derivatives. The prepared compounds were characterized using FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Some of these compounds were then tested to see how well they worked as antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work describes an efficient and convenient synthesis of a library of novel 1, 2-bis- (tetrasubstituted-benzylidene) hydrazine an analogue (3-7) 1,2-bis (3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzlidene) hydrazine (3) and 1,2-bis (6-bromo-3-methoxy 2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazine (4), were obtained via opening of ester coumarin derivatives (1 and 2) with hydrazine hydrate under reflux. Diazotization of compound 4 with aryldiazonium chloride led to the formation of 1,2-bis (6-bromo-5-arylazo-3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazine (6a,b). Acetylation of compounds 4 and 6a with acetic anhydride afforded the corresponding 1,2-bis (6-bromo-5-substituted-3-methoxy-2-acetoxy benzylidene) hydrazines (5 and 7). The cytotoxicity screening of some synthesized 1,2-bis (tetra substituted benzylidene) hydrazines (4-7) against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7), and it was found several active compounds. Meanwhile compound 5 exhibited cytotoxic activity compared to reference drug. The DNA flow cytometry on MCF-7 cells of compound 5 was determined, it was found to cause G2/M phase arrest and induce apoptosis in all G1/M phases. In addition, compound 5 has been tested in other trials against aromatase inhibitors and tyrosinase inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel N-alkylated isatin derivatives (2–3) were synthesized under phase-transfer catalysis conditions. Their condensation with hydrazine hydrate and phenylhydrazine in refluxing ethanol as solvent generates two series of isatin derivatives (3-hydrazono and 3-phenylhydrazono) (4–7). The structures synthesized are elucidated using UV/Vis, FTIR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques of 2, 3, and 5. The experimental data were compared with the predicted ones obtained at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. Relatively, good agreements were found between the calculated and experimental results. The intermolecular contacts in 2, 3, and 5 were investigated through the Hirshfeld surface analysis. The expected inhibitory efficiency of 2, 3, and 5 against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are investigated by their molecular docking into the binding site of COX-2, which revealed that 2 might have strong inhibition efficacy against COX-2 compared to 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel series of five or six new nitrogenated heterocyclic compounds were obtained by reacting a chalcone derivative of 3-acetylindole with various reagents such as malononitrile under different conditions, some hydrazine derivatives, some cyclic and heterocyclic amines, ethyl cyanoacetate, and urea. Elements analysis and spectral data were used to validate the newly synthesized compounds. Also, they were tested for their anticancer activity against three cancer cell lines including MCF7, HCT116, and HeLa cell lines, cells were subjected to treatment with one concentration (10uM) of compounds over 48 h incubation. Furthermore, a docking study was carried out to investigate the interaction of the newly prepared derivatives with vascular endothelial growth factor-2 tyrosine kinase (VEGFR-2) for their cancer-fighting potential. The docking study results showed that six indolyl derivatives (7 b, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 17) had high docking scores and a strong fitting interaction in the active site of vascular endothelial growth factor-2 tyrosine kinase (VEGFR-2). Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties, as well as drug-likeness and bioactivity, were investigated and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromene derivatives containing cyano moiety are heterocyclic compounds with interesting pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to synthesize and determine the pharmacological activity of 6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl methylene-2-cyano-3-phenyl acryloyl hydrazide (3a-o). Compounds 3a - 3o were synthesized following the Knoevenagel condensation and Wolff-Kishner reduction methods. The synthesized compounds were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques including proton and carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H- and 13C-NMR) Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, and Mass Spectrometry (MS). The compounds were screened for their in vitro antiproliferative and antibacterial activities using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay and agar well diffusion assay, respectively. In silico molecular docking analysis of the compounds were performed against four different proteins; 5C5S, 6XXN, 3K46, and 1MI7 using PyRx0.8 software. Furthermore, their pharmacokinetics (ADMET) properties were predicted using SWISS ADME software. Among the compounds tested, compounds 3b and 3c exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity against all four cancer cell lines; MCF-7, PC-3, HT-29, SKVO3 with IC50 of 15.28, 13.28, 10.25, and 13.12 µM, respectively for compound 3b, 16.33, 14.16, 12.22, and 14.75 µM, respectively for compound 3c. The standard drug doxorubicin had IC50 of 15.29, 12.26, 9.06, and 13.01 µM, respectively, while 5-Fluorouracil had IC50 of 16.15, 13.73, 10.25, and 14.28 µM, respectively. Most of the compounds showed potent antibacterial activity with their inhibition zone diameter comparable to that of the standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Molecular docking analysis gave good binding affinity of the compounds with the target proteins. Physicochemical analysis showed that all the compounds obeyed the Lipinski's rule of five. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a Co-MOF was synthesized via a co-precipitation procedure and then used as support for stabilizing Ag ions and producing Co-MOF@Ag2O nanocomposite by microwave irradiation. The characterization of synthesized Co-MOF@Ag2O nanocomposite was performed by using different techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR). The prepared Co-MOF@Ag2O nanocomposite was applied as a heterogeneous nano-catalyst in the synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidines in water at 50 °C via the one-pot multicomponent reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aromatic aldehydes and barbituric acid derivatives. Through this straightforward and effective protocol, different tricyclic fused pyrazolopyranopyrimidines were synthesized at high yields, and short reaction times, through an uncomplicated work-up process with no by-product. The Co-MOF@Ag2O nanocomposite has been effectively recycled for four consecutive cycles without appreciable loss in its activity. Cost-effectiveness, no need for column chromatography, mild conditions, catalyst recyclability, and eco-friendly nature make it a promising candidate compared to other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through the solution combustion method with a variation of fuel: oxidizer (hydrazine: bismuth nitrate) ratios (ϕ) of ϕ<1, ϕ=1 (stoichiometrically balanced) and ϕ> 1. Bismuth oxide nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The FTIR spectra obtained implies that the bismuth oxide nanoparticles of the three ratios contain Bi−O−Bi and Bi−O groups indicating its successful formation. XRD diffractogram suggests that the synthesized bismuth oxide nanoparticles form the α-Bi2O3 crystalline phase for ϕ<1 and ϕ>1; meanwhile a mixture of α-/β- Bi2O3 phases for ϕ=1. The SEM image illustrates that bismuth oxide nanoparticles form pebble shapes with the ratios in the order of increasing particle sizes of ϕ>1, ϕ=1, and ϕ<1. The UV-DRS results show that the bismuth oxide with ϕ<1, ϕ=1, and ϕ>1 have respective band gap energies of 2.76 eV, 2.72 eV, and 2.78 eV. The evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of the three bismuth oxide samples shows bismuth oxide with ϕ=1 has the highest photocatalytic activity in remazol black B and methyl orange dyes with rate constants 6.744 x 10-5 s-1 and 7.369 x 10-5 s-1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design and synthesis of novel poly heterocycles together using same heterocyclic compound is the main task of the present paper. The target compounds entitled 4,4’- [benzene-1,4-diylbis[ethylidenehydrazine-2-ylidene]bis[4-[3,5-di(5- substitutedpyridin-2-yl)-3,3a-dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c][1,2]oxazol-6(5H)-yl]-4H)3-yl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol] have been synthesized starting from the reaction of 1,4- diacetylphenyl and carbohydrazide to give Schiff base derivatives then 1,2,4- triazole derivatives from the reaction with CS2 and an excess of hydrazine hydrate. The same applies for the condensing of these newly heterocyclic amines with different pyridine-2-carbaldehydes, which resulted in the synthesis of some new Schiff bases, which were then cyclized to develop new thiazolidinones by thioglycolic acid. Additionally, by fusing thiazolidinones with various pyridine-2-carbaldehydes, a novel chalcone was formed. To produce the desired fused isoxazolines, the later compounds underwent cyclization with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and potassium hydroxide. From the examination of the (CHN), FTIR, ¹H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra, the structural identities of all recently synthesized compounds were determined. The newly synthesized chemicals were also successfully tested as an antibacterial agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal organic frameworks are frameworks of 1–3 D formed by the interaction between metal ions/clusters and organic molecules. The high specific surface area and large pore volume of these molecules render them as ideal candidates for catalysis applications. A metal-organic framework (MOF-199) has been synthesized by facile chemical method and characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) technique. In this study an efficient eco-friendly procedure for the synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole] derivatives has been developed through a four-component condensation of isatin and its derivatives, hydrazine hydrate, ethyl acetoacetate, and malononitrile/ethyl cyanoacetate, in the presence of catalytic amount of MOF-199 in H2O at room temperature. The advantages of this protocol include mild reaction condition, green, and nontoxic solvent, high yield, easy separation, reusability of the catalyst and operational simplicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of novel anticancer agents is essential in cancer prevention. One versatile group of compounds, known for their significant bioactivity and several of its derivatives that have been clinically approved, is the group of pyrazolines. This study aimed to synthesize 1-formyl-2- pyrazoline derivatives (pyrazolines 1-2) using chalcone 1-2, hydrazine hydrate, and formic acid via cyclo-condensation. The synthesized compounds were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H- and 13C-NMR) spectrometers. Pyrazolines 1-2 were found to be drug-like compounds, satisfying Lipinski's Rule of Five and possessing favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties, including good gastrointestinal absorption, blood-brain barrier permeability, and no interaction with P-glycoprotein. Furthermore, they were inactive against several toxicity endpoints in a normal body condition, such as immunotoxicity, mutagenicity, and cytotoxicity. In vitro cytotoxic evaluation of the pyrazolines 1-2 against HeLa and MCF7 cancer cell lines demonstrated moderate activity, with IC50 values of 25.01 µM and 82.87 µM, respectively. Pyrazolines 1-2 also showed good selectivity with selectivity index (SI) values of 8.92 and 14.45. The molecular docking study on epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) (PDB ID: 4HJO) revealed that pyrazolines 1-2 had a binding affinity of -7.9 and -8.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The compounds interacted with Lys721 residue through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions due to the presence of the pyrazoline ring and the formyl group in their structures. These findings suggest that pyrazolines 1-2 scaffold has the potential to be further studied as a lead compound for anticancer drug candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]