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Context Although metformin is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, the blood sugar–lowering effect of metformin varies among populations. SLC47A1 plays an important role in metformin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Objective We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between SLC47A1 rs2289669 (G > A) and the metformin response in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Studies published until January 27, 2022, were retrieved from Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. Studies conducted in newly diagnosed or drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes who received metformin monotherapy were included. A total of 6 studies involving 953 patients were included in this meta-analysis. We extracted the study characteristics and changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels before and after treatment according to the SLC47A1 rs2289669 genotype. Changes in HbA1c levels were analyzed using mean differences (MDs) and 95% CIs. SLC47A1 rs2289669 was associated with changes in HbA1c levels (A carrier vs GG; MD = −0.55; 95% CI, −0.91 to − 0.20; I² = 63%). The sensitivity analysis yielded similar results to the main analysis (MD range, −0.64 to −0.37). When comparing all 3 genotypes, there were significant differences in HbA1c level changes between AA vs GG and GA vs GG, but not in GA vs AA. Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that SLC47A1 rs2289669 is associated with the glycemic response to metformin in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is involved in the metabolism of valproic acid (VPA). Specifically, CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 are the main enzymes responsible for VPA metabolism. However, the correlation between plasma VPA concentrations and CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 gene variations is uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 variants and plasma concentrations of VPA. The PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched for qualifying studies published until July 2019. Cohort studies that included standardized plasma VPA concentrations and CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 genotypes were reviewed. The mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated to assess the strength of the relationship. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager (version 5.3) and RStudio (version 3.6). In total, we analyzed data from six studies involving 807 patients. We found that CYP2C9*3 was associated with standardized plasma VPA concentration; *3 allele carriers had a 0.70-μg/mL higher concentration per mg/kg than non-carriers (95% CI 0.25, 1.15; P = 0.002). We also found a significant association between the CYP2A6*4 and standardized trough VPA concentration; patients with the *4 allele had a 0.48-μg/mL higher concentration per mg/kg than patients without the *4 allele (95% CI 0.10, 0.86; P = 0.01). This meta-analysis demonstrated that CYP2C9*3 and CYP2A6*4 genetic variants affect plasma VPA concentrations. For epilepsy patients with these genotypes, dose adjustment may be necessary to ensure VPA’s therapeutic effect.

Although several studies have revealed the association between rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics and the

The purpose of this study was to identify the renin–angiotensin system (RAS)-related genetic factors associated with bleeding and develop the bleeding risk scoring system in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected samples from June 2018 to May 2020. To investigate the associations between RAS-related genetic factors and major bleeding, we selected 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from five genes (namely, AGT, REN, ACE, AGTR1, and AGTR2). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the independent risk factors for bleeding and to develop a risk scoring system. A total of 172 patients were included in the analysis, including 33 major bleeding cases. Both old age (≥65 years) and moderate to severe renal impairment (CrCl < 50 mL/min) increased the risk of bleeding in the multivariable analysis. Among RAS-related polymorphisms, patients carrying TT genotype of rs5050 and A allele of rs4353 experienced a 3.6-fold (95% CI: 1.4–9.3) and 3.1-fold (95% CI: 1.1–9.3) increase in bleeding, respectively. The bleeding risk increased exponentially with a higher score; the risks were 0%, 2.8%, 16.9%, 32.7%, and 75% in patients with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 points, respectively. Although this study is limited to a retrospective study design, this is the first study to suggest RAS-related genetic markers and risk scoring systems, including both clinical and genetic factors, for major bleeding in patients receiving DOAC treatment.

To elucidate the relationship between CYP2D6 polymorphisms and Plasmodium vivax recurrence in patients receiving primaquine-based treatment through systematic review and meta-analysis.We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for eligible studies published up to August of 2021. We included studies investigating the associations between CYP2D6 polymorphisms and P. vivax recurrence. We evaluated the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Data from nine studies, including 970 patients, were analyzed. We found that CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs), intermediate metabolizers (IMs), or normal metabolizers slow (NM-Ss) were associated with a 1.8-fold (95% CI, 1.34-2.45; P = 0.0001) higher recurrence of P. vivax than normal metabolizers fast (NM-Fs), extensive metabolizers (EMs), or ultrarapid metabolizer (UMs). Subgroup analysis showed that studies on both Brazilian and Southeast or East Asian individuals had similar results to the main results. Sensitivity analysis by sequentially excluding individual studies also showed robust results (OR range: 1.63-2.01).This meta-analysis confirmed that CYP2D6 PMs, IMs, or NM-Ss increased the risk of P. vivax recurrence compared to NM-Fs, EMs, or UMs. The results of this study could be used to predict P. vivax recurrence and suggest CYP2D6 genotype-based primaquine dosing.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic effects of ADCY9 on ritodrine responses in patients with preterm labor. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ADYC9 gene in 163 patients in preterm labor were genotyped: rs879619, rs2601796, rs2531988, rs2531995, and rs2230739. Additionally, rs598961 of the PDE4B gene and rs1042719 of the ADRB2 gene were included for analysis. Patients with CC genotype of ADCY9 rs879619 had a 2.0-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3, 3.2) higher hazard of time to delivery than T allele carriers. Patients with combined genotypes of CC in ADCY9 rs879619, AA in PDE4B rs598961, and GC, CC in ADRB2 rs1042719 showed a greater hazard of time to delivery than patients with other combinations (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 3.2, 95% CI: 1.7, 6.3), whereas patients carrying the C allele of ADCY9 rs2531995, G allele of PDE4B rs598961, and GG genotype of ADRB2 rs1042719 had a lower hazard of time to delivery than patients carrying other genotypes (AHR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7). Regarding ritodrine-induced adverse drug events (ADEs), height less than 160 cm and CC genotype of ADCY9 rs2531995 showed a greater risk of ADEs. The results of our study suggest that ADCY9 polymorphisms could affect the efficacy and safety of β2-adrenergic agonists.

Background: Although ABCA1 gene polymorphisms may be associated with the plasma lipid concentration, the literature has not shown a consistent pattern. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the association between the ABCA1 69C>T, 825V>I, and 230R>C polymorphisms and the plasma lipid concentration through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We selected studies published up to October 2020 in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the relationship between the presence of ABCA1 69C>T, 825V>I, and 230R>C and plasma lipid levels. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (version 5.3). Both Begg’s test and Egger’s regression test of the funnel plot were performed using R Studio software (version 3.6.0) to identify publication bias. Results: We analyzed the data on the ABCA1 69C>T polymorphism involving 14,843 subjects in 11 studies, 825V>I polymorphism involving 2580 subjects in 5 studies, and 230R>C polymorphism involving 4834 subjects in 4 studies. The T allele carriers in 69C>T, II carriers in 825V>I, and C carriers in 230R>C had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; the MD (95% CI) was −0.05 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.09 to −0.01, p = 0.02), −0.05 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.09 to −0.00, p = 0.03), and −0.1 mmol/mL (95% CI: −0.12 to −0.07 mmol/L, p < 0.00001), respectively. In the case of 230R>C, the serum total cholesterol concentration of C carriers was significantly lower than that of RR carriers (−0.2 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.3 to −0.11, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrates that the ABCA1 69C>T, 825V>I, and 230R>C polymorphisms could affect the plasma lipid concentration. As the plasma lipid concentration may be related to various diseases, ABCA1 genotyping could be useful for the management of lipid levels.

AIMS: Diverse genetic and/or external factors may induce psoriasis. Drug exposure is 1 such prominent external factor; antihypertensive drugs are reportedly associated with psoriasis, but study results have been inconsistent. In this context, we investigated the associations between antihypertensive drugs and incidence if psoriasis via a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Literature search in databases such as PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was conducted on 8 January 2021, and obtained data were pooled for meta- and network meta-analysis. Fixed- or random effect models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for evaluating the strength of the associations between antihypertensive drugs and psoriasis incidence. In addition to meta-analysis, Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed. ResultsThirteen eligible studies were included for meta-analysis with 6 378 116 individuals and 8 studies for network meta-analysis with 5 615 918 individuals. All antihypertensive drugs were significantly associated with psoriasis incidence. In a meta-analysis, the pooled ORs were 1.67 (95% CI: 1.31-2.13) for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, 1.40 (95% CI: 1.20-1.63) for s-blockers, 1.53 (95% CI: 1.23-1.89) for calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.40-2.06) for thiazide diuretics. For the comparative risks of psoriasis among antihypertensive drugs in the network meta-analysis, ORs were 2.09 (95% CI: 1.39-3.18) for ACE inhibitors, 1.35 (95% CI: 0.99-1.91) for BBs, 1.53 (95% CI: 1.07-2.24) for CCBs and 1.80 (95% CI: 1.23-2.66) for thiazide diuretics. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the associations between antihypertensive drugs and psoriasis; ACE inhibitors, BBs, CCBs and thiazide diuretics increased the risk of psoriasis. Therefore, antihypertensive drug users should be carefully monitored for psoriasis.

Background: Although ABCA1 gene polymorphisms may be associated with the plasma lipid concentration, the literature has not shown a consistent pattern. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the association between the ABCA1 69C>T, 825V>I, and 230R>C polymorphisms and the plasma lipid concentration through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We selected studies published up to October 2020 in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the relationship between the presence of ABCA1 69C>T, 825V>I, and 230R>C and plasma lipid levels. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (version 5.3). Both Begg’s test and Egger’s regression test of the funnel plot were performed using R Studio software (version 3.6.0) to identify publication bias. Results: We analyzed the data on the ABCA1 69C>T polymorphism involving 14,843 subjects in 11 studies, 825V>I polymorphism involving 2580 subjects in 5 studies, and 230R>C polymorphism involving 4834 subjects in 4 studies. The T allele carriers in 69C>T, II carriers in 825V>I, and C carriers in 230R>C had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; the MD (95% CI) was −0.05 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.09 to −0.01, p = 0.02), −0.05 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.09 to −0.00, p = 0.03), and −0.1 mmol/mL (95% CI: −0.12 to −0.07 mmol/L, p < 0.00001), respectively. In the case of 230R>C, the serum total cholesterol concentration of C carriers was significantly lower than that of RR carriers (−0.2 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.3 to −0.11, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrates that the ABCA1 69C>T, 825V>I, and 230R>C polymorphisms could affect the plasma lipid concentration. As the plasma lipid concentration may be related to various diseases, ABCA1 genotyping could be useful for the management of lipid levels.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its active metabolite, E-3174, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eight studies published before March 2021 were included in this study. We used PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The data analysis was conducted through Review Manager (RevMan), version 5.3, and R software. We found that healthy volunteers with CYP2C9*2 or *3 carriers had higher area under the curve (AUC0-∞) of losartan (mean difference (MD) 0.17 μg·h/mL; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.04, 0.29) and lower AUC0-∞ of E-3174 (MD −0.35 μg·h/mL; 95% CI: −0.62, −0.08) than those with CYP2C9*1/*1. Subjects with CYP2C9*2 or *3 carriers showed lower maximum concentration (Cmax) of E-3174 than those with CYP2C9*1/*1 (MD −0.13 μg/mL; 95% CI: −0.17, −0.09). For half-life, subjects with CYP2C9*2 or *3 carriers had longer half-lives of losartan and E-3174 than those with CYP2C9*1/*1 (MD 0.47 h; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.61 and MD 0.68 h; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.92, respectively). This meta-analysis suggests that the pharmacokinetics of losartan and E-3174 are associated with the CYP2C9 polymorphisms

BackgroundThe ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is likely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) via β cell function modification, but the evidence on the association remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the ABCA1 69C>T polymorphism and the risk of T2DM through a systematic review and meta-analysis.Materials and MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for qualified studies published until August 2020. Studies that included the association between the ABCA1 69C>T polymorphism and the risk of T2DM were reviewed. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated.ResultsWe analyzed data from a total of 10 studies involving 17,742 patients. We found that the CC or CT genotype was associated with increased risk of T2DM than the TT genotype (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.02-1.93). In the Asian population, the C allele carriers had a higher risk of T2DM than those with the TT genotype; the ORs of the CC and CT genotypes were 1.80 (95% CI, 1.21-2.68) and 1.61 (95% CI, and 1.29-2.01), respectively.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis confirmed that the ABCA1 69C>T genotype showed a decrease risk of T2DM compared to the CC or CT genotypes.

Purpose Two common variants, CYP2C9*2 (Arg144Cys, rs1799853) and CYP2C9*3 (Ile359Leu, rs1057910), are known to reduce the catalytic function of the CYP2C9 enzyme. Because impaired catalytic function is likely to affect sulfonylurea metabolism, it is predictable that CYP2C9 loss-of-function alleles may increase the risk of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between CYP2C9 genotype and hypoglycemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving sulfonylurea. Methods We searched for studies on the association between CYP2C9 genotype and sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia among patients with T2DM, published through August 7, 2020, using PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated. Findings Five cohort studies and 2 case-control studies were included, and the total number of patients analyzed in this meta-analysis was 2769. The CYP2C9 variant alleles were associated with an increase in sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia compared with wild-type homozygote (OR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.03–1.48). Compared with CYP2C9 wild-type homozygotes, CYP2C9*2 allele was associated with increased incidence of hypoglycemia (OR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.18–2.89), whereas the CYP2C9*3 allele failed to show the statistical significance (OR = 1.67; 95% CI, 0.40–6.86; P = 0.48). Implications On the basis of these results, CYP2C9 genotyping may be useful for predicting the risk of hypoglycemia during sulfonylurea treatment for T2DM.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is involved in the metabolism of nevirapine (NVP); especially, CYP2B6 has been known to be one of the main enzymes involved in NVP metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CYP2B6 variants on plasma concentrations of NVP by a systematic review and meta-analysis. A search for qualifying studies published until April 2020 was conducted using the EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Data analysis was performed using R Studio (version 3.6) and Review Manager (version 5.3). In total, data from six studies involving 634 patients were analyzed in the systematic review and five studies in the meta-analysis. We found that carriers of the CYP2B6 516TT genotype had a 2.18 µg/mL higher NVP concentration than did the GG or GT (95% CI 1.28–3.08). In the respective comparisons of the three genotypes, it was found that the MD was 1.87 µg/mL between the TT and GT groups, 2.53 µg/mL between TT and GG, and 0.60 µg/mL between GT and GG. This meta-analysis confirmed that CYP2B6 polymorphisms was associated with plasma NVP concentrations. Therefore, CYP2B6 genotyping may be useful to predict the responses to NVP.

Objective The present prospective follow-up study aimed to evaluate the effects of KCNMB2 gene polymorphisms on ritodrine efficacy and adverse drug events (ADEs) in patients with preterm labor. Methods A total of 163 preterm labor patients were included in this single-center study. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the KCNMB2 gene (rs10936979, rs7624046, rs7429015, rs7625907, rs6443559, rs9839376, rs9637454, rs11918114, and rs1382045) were assessed. The primary endpoint was time to delivery, and the secondary endpoint was ritodrine-induced ADEs. Results Patients with variant homozygotes of two SNPs (rs7624046 and rs9839376), which were in linkage disequilibrium, showed 2.06 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14-3.73] and 2.68 (95% CI, 1.16-6.20) times the hazard of time to delivery compared to wild-type allele carriers, respectively. Among demographic characteristics, gestational age at start of drug therapy and modified Bishop score were significant factors for time to delivery. Regarding safety outcomes, patients with variant homozygotes of rs7625907 had fewer ADEs compared to those with other genotypes (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.13-0.83). Conclusion This pharmacogenomic study suggests that ritodrine efficacy and ADEs are associated with KCNMB2 gene polymorphisms in patients with preterm labor.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been become of prime importance in polymer industry due to the increased concerns regarding their effects on the environment and health. Comprehensive understanding of the factor controlling the generation of VOCs and the development of a quantitative analytical tool for tracking the generation of VOCs have thus been an important topic for researchers. In this study, thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) composed of different polyols, diisocyanates, and chain extenders were carefully synthesized to investigate the effect of the compositional factors on the generation of VOCs, especially acetaldehyde (AA). Headspace-gas chromatography equipped with simple flame-ionization detector (HS-GC-FID) was successfully set-up for the quantitative monitoring of the generation of AA at different thermal treatment temperatures and times. The generation of AA was accompanied by the degradation of TPU chains during the thermal treatments, as evidenced by the decreased molecular weight of the TPUs. Interestingly, TPUs with polyester- and polycarbonate-based TPUs exhibited a significant reduction of AA emissions, compared with TPUs with typical polyether-based polyols, poly(propylene glycol). TPUs with aromatic diisocyanates and chain extenders also emitted much less AA during the thermal treatments than TPUs with aliphatic diisocyanates and chain extenders. These results indicated the importance of the compositional factors of the TPUs for the generation of AA. Understanding and optimization of the compositional factors of the TPU by using HS-GC-FID can be a useful tool for reducing the generation of AA.

N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) acetylator status can be classified into three groups depending on the number of rapid alleles (e.g., NAT2*4): rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylators. Such acetylator status may influence the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) during sulfasalazine treatment. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between NAT2 acetylator status and ADRs of sulfasalazine. We searched for qualified studies in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the association between NAT2 acetylator status and ADRs of sulfasalazine. Nine cohort studies involving 1,077 patients were included in the meta-analysis. NAT2 slow acetylators were associated with an increase in overall ADRs (OR 3.37, 95% CI: 1.43 to 7.93; p = 0.005), discontinuation due to overall ADRs (OR 2.89, 95% CI: 1.72 to 4.86; p p NAT2 slow acetylators are at risk of ADRs during sulfasalazine treatment. Based on our findings, NAT2 genotyping may be useful to predict the occurrence of ADRs during sulfasalazine treatment.

Although many earlier studies revealed an effect of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms on tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment responses in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, the significance of this relationship remains controversial. This study aimed to review and meta-analyze treatment responses to TKIs in patients with CML and GST gene polymorphisms, including GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1. We searched four medical databases, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Embase, by using keywords related to GST gene polymorphisms and clinical responses in CML patients receiving TKI treatment. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan version 5.3 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3.0. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to examine the association between GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms and TKI treatment responses in patients with CML. The null polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 did not affect TKI treatment responses, while the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism had a significant impact on responses to TKI. Patients who were GSTP1 variant allele carriers (AG + GG) had poor responses to TKI treatment compared to patients who were wild-type homozygote carriers (AA) (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.31–2.62; p

Aim We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor and prasugrel with those of clopidogrel in CYP2C19 reduced-metabolizers. Methods PubMed, Cochrane and Web of Science were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials or cohort studies up to January 2020. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiovascular (CV) death, all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis and stroke. The secondary endpoint was bleeding. Pooled effects were measured by relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was evaluated with Egger's regression test and adjusted by trim and fill method. Results Twelve studies comprising 5829 CV patients with CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles were included. Patients who received ticagrelor or prasugrel showed a lower risk of MACE than those who received clopidogrel (RR 0.524; 95% CI: 0.375, 0.731). The former also had lower risks of CV death (RR 0.409; 95% CI: 0.177, 0.946), all-cause death (RR 0.441; 95% CI: 0.263, 0.739), MI (RR 0.554; 95% CI: 0.414, 0.741) and stent thrombosis (RR 0.587; 95% CI: 0.348, 0.988) than the latter patient group. The risk of stroke was not significantly different between patients receiving the alternatives and those receiving clopidogrel (RR 0.605; 95% CI: 0.257, 1.425). Major and minor bleeding risk was not significantly different between patients treated with alternatives and clopidogrel (RR 1.019; 95% CI: 0.827, 1.260 and RR 1.235; 95% CI: 0.581, 2.628, respectively). Conclusion CYP2C19 reduced-metabolizers can expect better clinical outcome on using prasugrel or ticagrelor rather than clopidogrel.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women. We searched for qualified studies in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their infants were reported as means and proportions with 95% confidence interval (CI). Nine studies involving with 93 pregnant women with COVID-19 and 103 infants were included in the meta-analysis. Pregnant women with COVID-19 have relatively mild symptoms. However, abnormal proportions of laboratory parameters were similar or even increased, compared to general population. Around 30% of pregnant women with COVID-19 experienced preterm delivery, whereas the mean birth weight was 3214.7g. Fetal death, severe neonatal asphyxia, and detection of SARS-CoV-2 were observed in about 2%, whereas no neonatal death was found. In conclusion, the current review will serve as an ideal basis for future considerations in the treatment and management of COVID-19 in pregnant women.

Purpose: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is involved in the metabolism of statins; CYP3A5 is the main enzyme responsible for lipophilic statin metabolism. However, the evidence of the association between CYP3A5*3 polymorphism and the risk of statin-induced adverse events remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism and the risk of statin-induced adverse events. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched for qualified studies published until August 2020. Observational studies that included the association between statin-induced adverse events and the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism were reviewed. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated to assess the strength of the relationship. The Mantel–Haenszel method was used to provide the pooled ORs. Heterogeneity was estimated with I2 statistics and publication bias was determined by Begg’s and Egger’s test of the funnel plot. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager (version 5.4) and R Studio (version 3.6). Results: In total, data from 8 studies involving 1614 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The CYP3A5*3 polymorphism was found to be associated with the risk of statin-induced adverse events (*3/*3 vs. *1/*1 + *1/*3: OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.08–1.82). For myopathy, the pooled OR was 1.30 (95% CI: 0.96–1.75). The subgroup analysis of statin-induced myopathy revealed a trend, which did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism affected statin-induced adverse event risk. Therefore, CYP3A5 genotyping may be useful to predict statin toxicity.

An immunochromatographic assay for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was developed using Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles as signal materials. Anti-HBsAg antibodies were labeled with carboxylated Fe 3 O 4 particles with an average diameter of 153.6 nm, and an immunochromatography strip was constructed. The detection capability of the assay developed here is 1 ng/mL HBsAg.

This study attempted to understand the addictive internet buying tendencies and how self-esteem, materialism, and self-control influenced the addictive internet tendencies and how those variables affected those when people receive marketing promotions on internet shopping mall. A total 883 cases were collected as data through internet survey on the consumers who had purchased fashion products. Internet fashion buyers were classified into high-purchasing, low-purchasing, and non-purchasing groups. These groups were showing differences among self·esteem, materialism, and self-control. High purchasing group was showing low self-esteem and self·control and high materialism than others. Variables that affect addictive buying tendencies of internet fashion product were shown accordingly brand promotion, materialism, web display promotion, and self-esteem. Marketing promotions were contributed more on the internet addictive buying tendencies than consumers` socio-psychological variables. So as to induce rational buying behavior, excessive product promotion and discount price promotion should be reduced.

It is well known that the coercivity of magnetic nanomaterials increases up to a maximum and then decreases to zero with decreasing particle size. However, until now, no single synthesis method has been able to produce magnetic nanoparticles with a wide range of sizes, i.e., from 10 to 500 nm, in order to uncover the coercivity evolution. Here we report the characterization of magnetite (Fe3O4) multi-granule nanoclusters (MGNCs) to demonstrate the transitional behaviour of coercivity. The M–H curves indicate that our samples had a relatively high saturation magnetization (MS) value of ~70 emu/g and that the coercivity (Hc) increased to the maximum value of ~48 Oe until the nanoclusters reached a size of ~120 nm; the coercivity then gradually decreased to zero.

Lately, the isolation of DNA using magnetic nanoparticles has received increased attention owing to their facile manipulation and low costs. Although methods involving their magnetic separation have been extensively studied, there is currently a need for an efficient technique to isolate DNA for highly sensitive diagnostic applications. We describe herein a method to isolate and purify DNA using biofunctionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles synthesized by a modified polyol method to obtain the desired monodispersity, followed by surface modification with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) containing carboxyl groups for DNA absorption. The DMSA-coated magnetic nanoparticles (DMSA-MNPs) were used for the isolation of DNA, with a maximum yield of 86.16%. In particular, we found that the isolation of DNA using small quantities of DMSA-MNPs was much more efficient than that using commercial microbeads (NucliSENS-easyMAG, BioMerieux). Moreover, the DMSA-MNPs were successfully employed in the isolation of genomic DNA from human blood. In addition, the resulting DNA–nanoparticle complex was directly subjected to PCR amplification without prior elution, which could eventually lead to simple, rapid, sensitive and integrated diagnostic systems.