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The aim of our study was to explore the connection between improvisation and flow. Data were collected from 252 tertiary music students from Slovenia and Croatia (121 male and 131 female musicians), who filled in The Questionnaire on Attitudes to Music Improvisation, The Inventory on Feelings associated with Music Improvisation, and the Work-related Flow Inventory. The results show that the female students have significantly more negative feelings and attitudes toward improvisation, and they experience less flow while improvising. Differences were even more pronounced when comparing students who only played classical music with those who played other genres, as well. Regression analysis showed that we can explain 71% of the variance in flow with attitudes toward improvisation.

Adolescents are a population that is particularly vulnerable to the effects of music, while depression is the most common psychopathology in this developmental period. Studying the connection between musical preferences and depression in adolescents therefore needs to be given special attention. The purpose of our study was to examine how different musical preferences are associated with depression and whether these links differ according to gender. The database collected on a sample of 272 adolescents (193 female and 79 male) was obtained using the Beck Depression Inventory - BDI II and the Short Test of Music Preferences - STOMP. On the basis of results from the research, we found that a preference for Reflective & Conventional music styles was connected negatively to depression, while a preference for the Rebellious music style is positively connected to depression. The important value of our research consists in our having tested the Slovene version of STOMP. The results show that STOMP's validity is questionable. Mladostniki so populacija, ki je za vplive glasbe še posebej dovzetna, depresivnost pa je v tem razvojnem obdobju najpogostejša psihopatologija. Tako smo želeli v raziskavi osvetliti odnos med tema dvema aktualnima fenomenoma v mladostnikovem življenju. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 272 mladostnikov (193 deklet in 79 fantov). Podatke smo pridobili s pomočjo Beckove lestvice depresivnosti (BDI II) in Kratkega testa glasbenih preferenc (STOMP). Na podlagi dobljenih rezultatov smo ugotovili, da se preferiranje refleksivne in konvencionalne glasbe z depresivnostjo povezuje negativno, medtem ko je preferiranje uporniške glasbe z depresivnostjo povezano pozitivno. Razlike med spoloma niso bile potrjene. Opozorili smo tudi na problem veljavnosti vprašalnika STOMP, saj se je njegova veljavnost na slovenskem vzorcu izkazala za vprašljivo.

Listening to music is one of the most important leisure activities for adolescents. Since music has different functions, it can fulfill a variety of adolescents’ emotional or social needs, thus, enhancing their psychological well-being. Previous studies showed that music can regulate emotions and help coping with stress which can be especially important for adolescents who often use music to relief their anger, sadness or disappointments (Lacourse et al., 2001). Starting from two theoretical frameworks, Boer’s functions of music (Boer et al., 2012) and Ryff’s theory of PWB (1989), this research aims to get deeper insight into the relationship between functions of music and PWB in specific context of adolescence. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that functions of music predict PWB in adolescence by controlling gender and the study program. A total of 740 Slovene and Croatian students (Mage=20.85, SD=2.15) filled out RESPECT music scale (Boer et al., 2012), PWBS (Ryff, 1989) and PANAS (Watson et al., 1988) during their university lessons. The results showed that functions of music do not explain the autonomy (R=.14 ; p>.05) but have a significant predictive value in explaining the variance of a personal growth (R=.26 ; p

Namen naše raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kakšne so glasbene preference predšolskih otrok ter v kolikšni meri so povezane z glasbenimi preferencami staršev. V kvantitativnem delu raziskave je sodelovalo 250 otrok, starih 5 in 6 let, od tega 118 dečkov in 132 deklic. V kvalitativni del pa smo vključili 15 otrok in po enega od staršev teh otrok. Udeleženci so ocenjevali všečnost enominutnih posnetkov desetih najpogostejših glasbenih zvrsti in v kvalitativnem delu podajali tudi razloge za všečnost oziroma ne všečnost. Rezultati so pokazali, da predšolski otroci pozitivno vrednotijo vse glasbene zvrsti, najbolj pa otroško pesem v izvedbi otroka. Primerjava glasbenih preferenc otrok in staršev kaže, da so le-te pomembno povezane. The aim of our study was to explore musical preferences in preschool children and also to shed light on parental influence. Quantitative study was conducted on 250 five- and six-year olds, 118 boys and 132 girls In the second part, we performed qualitative study on 15 children and their parents. Participants evaluated 10 one minute long musical excerpts and in qualitative study also reported reasons for (dis)liking. The results reveal that preschool children appreciate most of the musical styles, among which they like children song sung by a child the most. Parental influence was confirmed in qualitative part.

The aim of this study was to explore the differences in musical preferences between Slovene and Croatian students. The sample consisted of 369 students from Slovenia and 371 students from Croatia. The results show that there are significant differences in musical preferences between Slovene and Croatian students. Furthermore, differences with regard to gender, age and study program were confirmed. Namen raziskave je bil raziskati razlike v strukturi glasbenih preferenc med slovenskimi in hrvaškimi študenti. Vzorec je zajemal 369 študentov iz Slovenije in 371 študentov iz Hrvaške. Rezultati kažejo, da obstajajo pomembne razlike v glasbenih preferencah med slovenskimi in hrvaškimi študenti. Prav tako so se potrdile razlike glede na spol, starost in študijski program

V prispevku analiziramo nekatere dejavnike učnega okolja z vidika enega izmed najbolj uveljavljenih modelov motivacije hierarhije potreb Abrahama Maslowa. Ta model lahko učitelju predstavlja smiselno orodje za analizo možnih dejavnikov manj ustrezne učenčeve učne prilagojenosti. Na posameznih ravneh potreb predstavljamo nekatere koncepte, ki predstavljajo dejavnike učnega okolja. Na ravni fizioloških potreb navajamo pregled raziskav, ki so preučevale ergonomske dejavnike učnega okolja. Na ravni potreb po varnosti opisujemo koncepta vodenja razreda in medvrstniškega nasilja ter predstavljamo nekatere ključne raziskovalne ugotovitve na obeh področjih. Na ravni potreb po sprejetosti in ljubezni analiziramo vidike pozitivne razredne klime ter opisujemo koncept socialne sprejetosti učencev. Znotraj potrebe po samospoštovanju in dosežkih umestimo sodobna spoznanja o oblikovanju učne samopodobe učencev. Koncept zanosa pa predstavljamo kot enega izmed ključnih dejavnikov, ki učitelju omogočajo uresničevanje potrebe po samouresničevanju ter spodbujanje osebnostnega razvoja učencev. Na osnovi pregleda raziskav na navedenih področjih izpeljemo nekaj priporočil, ki učitelju omogočajo učinkovito spodbujanje celostnega razvoja učencev. This paper provides a new analysis of some learning environment factors from the point of view of one of the most established motivational models, i.e. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. For a teacher, this model can represent a meaningful tool for the analysis of the potential factors of pupils' inadequate school adjustment. Some psychological constructs that can be conceptualized as learning environment factors are presented at specific levels of needs. As regards the level of physiological needs, this paper provides an overview of research studies on ergonomic factors of learning environment. As for safety needs, the paper outlines the concepts of classroom management and peer-to-peer violence, and presents some main research findings in both fields. The analysis regarding the level of love and belonging includes aspects of positive classroom climate and the concept of pupils' social acceptance. Contemporary findings about the development of pupil's academic self-concept are presented within the self-esteem and achievements needs. Flow is considered to be one of key factors that help teacher satisfy the self-actualization needs and stimulate pupils' personal development. On the basis of this analysis, some implications and recommendations are given to help teachers efficiently encourage an integrated approach to pupil development.

The aim of the present study was to investigate job resources and demands and their relatedness to work flow. In line with the three-dimensional model of flow, absorption, work enjoyment and intrinsic work motivation were explored as separate outcomes. Our predictions were tested using a sample of 293 higher education teachers in Slovenia. The participants indicated their levels of flow, job demands (e.g., workload) and job resources (e.g., variety and autonomy) using the Slovenian version of the work flow inventory and job demands-resources scales. Our hypotheses were tested using moderated multiple regression where main as well as interactive effects between job resources and demands were examined. Autonomy and variety were found to enhance absorption, work enjoyment and intrinsic work motivation. Furthermore, autonomy was found to be the most important predictor of all the work flow dimensions. In contrast, workload was not significantly related to any of the outcomes. We also found interactive effec The aim of the present study was to investigate job resources and demands and their relatedness to work flow. In line with the three-dimensional model of flow, absorption, work enjoyment and intrinsic work motivation were explored as separate outcomes. Our predictions were tested using a sample of 293 higher education teachers in Slovenia. The participants indicated their levels of flow, job demands (e.g., workload) and job resources (e.g., variety and autonomy) using the Slovenian version of the work flow inventory and job demands-resources scales. Our hypotheses were tested using moderated multiple regression where main as well as interactive effects between job resources and demands were examined. Autonomy and variety were found to enhance absorption, work enjoyment and intrinsic work motivation. Furthermore, autonomy was found to be the most important predictor of all the work flow dimensions. In contrast, workload was not significantly related to any of the outcomes. We also found interactive effects of variety and workload as well as variety and autonomy on absorption.ts of variety and workload as well as variety and autonomy on absorption. Namen naše raziskave je bil raziskati delovne vire in zahteve ter njihovo povezanost z zanosom pri delu. V skladu s tridimenzionalnim modelom zanosa smo proučevali zatopljenost, zadovoljstvo pri delu in notranjo motivacijo na delovnem mestu kot ločene dimenzije. Vzorec je zajemal 293 visokošolskih učiteljev po Sloveniji. Udeleženci so ocenjevali stopnjo delovnega zanosa, delovnih zahtev (npr. splošne delovne obremenitve) in delovnih virov (npr. raznolikost in avtonomija) s pomočjo slovenske različice Vprašalnika o zanosu pri delu in Lestvice delovnih zahtev/ virov. Hipoteze so bile preverjene s pomočjo multiple regresije, pri čemer smo preučevali glavni in interaktivni učinek delovnih virov in zahtev. Rezultati so pokazali, da sta avtonomija in raznolikost pozitivno povezani z zatopljenostjo, zadovoljstvom na delovnem mestu in notranjo motivacijo pri delu. Ugotovili smo tudi, da je avtonomija najpomembnejši napovednik vseh treh dimenzij zanosa pri delu. Po drugi strani delovna obremenitev ni bila povezana z nobeno od dimenzij zanosa pri delu. Potrjen je bil tudi interaktivni učinek raznolikosti in delovne obremenitve ter raznolikosti in avtonomije na zatopljenost pri delu.

Namen raziskave je bil preveriti napovedno vrednost nekaterih značilnosti delovnega mesta osnovnošolskih učiteljev za doživljanje poklicnega stresa in izgorelosti. Značilnosti delovnega mesta so bile v raziskavi opredeljene kot zahteve in viri, ki smo jih nadalje delile na splošne in na specifične, vezane na delo z učenci s posebnimi potrebami. Preverjale smo, ali spremenljivke, povezane z delom z učenci s posebnimi potrebami, pojasnijo dodaten delež variance v doživljanju stresa in izgorelosti, ki ga ni mogoče pojasniti s splošnimi značilnostmi delovnega mesta. V raziskavi so sodelovali osnovnošolski učitelji iz vseh dvanajstih regij v Sloveniji število sodelujočih variira od 439 do 886. Rezultati kažejo, da specifične značilnosti delovnega mesta samostojno napovedujejo pomemben del variance stresa, emocionalne izčrpanosti in depersonalizacije. Splošne delovne obremenitve in specifična delovna obremenjenost z učenci s posebnimi potrebami predstavljata najbolj stabilna napovednika vseh treh proučevanih kriterijev. Na osnovi ugotovitev predlagamo tudi nekatere ukrepe za zmanjšanje stopnje doživljanja stresa ter za učinkovitejše spoprijemanje z njim. The aim of the present study was to examine the predictive value of elementary school teachers' workplace characteristics on work stress and burnout. Workplace characteristics were defined as job demands and resources, which were further divided into general and specific, related to work with special education needs students. We examined whether variables related to work with special education needs students explained incremental variance in stress and burnout above and beyond general workplace characteristics. Elementary school teachers from all twelve regions of Slovenia (N ranges from 439 to 886) took part in the study. The results have shown that workplace characteristics independently predict a significant amount of variance in stress, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization among teachers. General job demands and specific demands related to special education needs students are the highest and most stable predictors of all three studied criteria. Based on our findings, we suggest several measures which can help to alleviate stress and foster efficient coping strategies.

The aim of the present study was to examine the predictive value of elementary school teachers' workplace characteristics on work stress and burnout. Workplace characteristics were defined as job demands and resources, which were further divided into general and specific, related to work with special education needs students. We examined whether variables related to work with special education needs students explained incremental variance in stress and burnout above and beyond general workplace characteristics. Elementary school teachers from all twelve regions of Slovenia (N ranges from 439 to 886) took part in the study. The results have shown that workplace characteristics independently predict a significant amount of variance in stress, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization among teachers. General job demands and specific demands related to special education needs students are the highest and most stable predictors of all three studied criteria. Based on our findings, we suggest several measures which can help to alleviate stress and foster efficient coping strategies. Namen raziskave je bil preveriti napovedno vrednost nekaterih značilnosti delovnega mesta osnovnošolskih učiteljev za doživljanje poklicnega stresa in izgorelosti. Značilnosti delovnega mesta so bile v raziskavi opredeljene kot zahteve in viri, ki smo jih nadalje delile na splošne in na specifične, vezane na delo z učenci s posebnimi potrebami. Preverjale smo, ali spremenljivke, povezane z delom z učenci s posebnimi potrebami, pojasnijo dodaten delež variance v doživljanju stresa in izgorelosti, ki ga ni mogoče pojasniti s splošnimi značilnostmi delovnega mesta. V raziskavi so sodelovali osnovnošolski učitelji iz vseh dvanajstih regij v Sloveniji; število sodelujočih variira od 439 do 886. Rezultati kažejo, da specifične značilnosti delovnega mesta samostojno napovedujejo pomemben del variance stresa, emocionalne izčrpanosti in depersonalizacije. Splošne delovne obremenitve in specifična delovna obremenjenost z učenci s posebnimi potrebami predstavljata najbolj stabilna napovednika vseh treh proučevanih kriterijev. Na osnovi ugotovitev predlagamo tudi nekatere ukrepe za zmanjšanje stopnje doživljanja stresa ter za učinkovitejše spoprijemanje z njim.