27,249 results on '"Habitat Conservation"'
Search Results
2. Living on the edge: Detections and activity pattern of wildcats (Felis silvestris) and domestic cats (Felis catus) by camera trapping in areas of low wildcat population density
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Gruber, Ágnes, Cserkész, Tamás, Kiss, Csaba, and Lanszki, József
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- 2025
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3. Influence of the environmental factors on the species composition of lichen Scots pine forests as a guide to maintain the community (Bory Tucholskie National Park, Poland)
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Węgrzyn, Michał H., Kołodziejczyk, Joanna, Fałowska, Patrycja, Wężyk, Piotr, Zięba-Kulawik, Karolina, Szostak, Marta, Turowska, Agnieszka, Grzesiak, Barbara, and Wietrzyk-Pełka, Paulina
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- 2020
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4. 南方滨湖小流域土地利用变化对生态系统服务权衡关系的影响.
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黄 俊, 丁 倩, 叶英聪, and 张 林
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FORESTS & forestry , *WATER conservation , *ARABLE land , *HABITAT conservation , *ECOSYSTEM services - Abstract
Taking the Haihun River small watershed of Poyang Lake as the research object,based on remote sensing, climate, soil, DEM and vegetation data, a dynamic analysis of land use changes in the Haihun River small watershed of Poyang Lake in 1984, 2008 and 2022 was con- ducted. The InVEST and CASA models were employed to quantify five major ecosystem services, namely water conservation, soil retention, habitat quality, carbon storage and net primary productivity, and to analyze their spatiotemporal variation characteristics. Correlation analysis and trade-off synergy methods were applied to study the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services within the region. The result showed that during 1984-2022, the forest land in the watershed decreased by 15.27 km², while the construction land increased by 17.06 km². How- ever, the overall land use structure was relatively stable, showing a zonal distribution pattern from west to east of “forest land-arable land-con- struction land”. The land use changes were relatively slow from 1984 to 2008, while the land use change was more severe from 2008 to 2022. The pairs of services, water conservation and net primary productivity, soil retention and net primary productivity, habitat quality and net pri- mary productivity, carbon storage and net primary productivity, all exhibited a predominant trade-off relationship in their spatial distribution from 1984 to 2022. The pairs of services, water conservation and habitat quality, soil retention and habitat quality, showed a trade-off relation- ship in their spatial distribution from 1984 to 2008, and a synergistic relationship from 2008 to 2022. From the perspective of ecosystem service structure, arable land demonstrated a composite structure characterized by “soil retention-carbon storage-net primary productivity”, forest land showed a two-tier structure of “water conservation-habitat quality”. In contrast, other land types mainly exhibited a single-type structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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5. Characteristics of gouging by captive-born silvery marmosets in gum-producing trees.
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Le Fondré, Jamie, Price, Eluned C., Arnold, Charlotte, and Wormell, Dominic
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DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) , *PLANT exudates , *ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature , *HABITAT conservation , *LOGGING - Abstract
Marmosets are obligate gummivores with evolutionary adaptations to harvesting tree exudates. We studied a group of zoo-living free-ranging silvery marmosets (
Mico argentatus ) that had learned to feed fromPrunus spp., to investigate the characteristics of the holes they gouged in four Portuguese laurel trees (Prunus lusitanica ). Holes were frequently extended in more than one direction from the base, often producing roughly V-shaped channels. The angles of the holes from the vertical were significantly different from a random distribution and averaged 40° ± 2.1 SE. Mean hole length was 50.9 mm ± 3.4 SE. Mean depth of gouge holes was 5.08 mm ± 0.17 SE and was consistent along the length of the holes. Feeding onPrunus was concentrated in the late morning, and constituted 26.2% of records of the marmosets’ overall activity during group scans. Further studies are needed to investigate whether there are consistent species or generic differences in the methods used to harvest gum by marmosets, and whether marmosets use different gouging techniques for different plant species. Understanding how marmosets identify and use new gum sources will be important for their conservation in habitats altered by anthropogenic impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2025
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6. Towards the sustainability of African sandalwood: Understanding the distribution and environmental requirements.
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Mwangi, Jane Gachambi, Mohammed, Salisu, Umar, Kabir Mustapha, Haggar, Jeremy, and Santika, Truly
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SUSTAINABILITY , *PLANT habitats , *HABITAT conservation , *PLANT ecology , *COMMUNITY involvement - Abstract
Societal Impact Statement Summary African sandalwood (
Osyris lanceolata ) leaves, roots, barks, fruits, and woods are used for multiple purposes throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe. The species is threatened in several eastern African countries. To improve the species' management and conservation, a habitat suitability study was undertaken in its at‐risk region in eastern Africa and extended to southern and horn of Africa due to its continuous distribution. African sandalwood continues to face intense human pressure and needs to be prioritized in terms of sustainable management practices. The plant's significant human importance necessitates inclusive conservation measures in all three habitat regions in Africa to safeguard it. African sandalwood (Osyris lanceolata ) is a versatile plant with significant economic and societal importance. It is threatened in several countries in Africa due to overexploitation. The lack of knowledge about the plant's ecology and environmental requirements complicates the species' long‐term management. We sought to address this issue by providing a novel understanding of the environmental factors that influence the occurrence of African sandalwood and its potential distribution. Using publicly available occurrence records from 1950 to 2021 and field data, we examined the species' habitat requirements in eastern, southern, and horn of Africa regions. We applied the Generalized Additive Models to link the plant's occurrence data to 12 environmental variables reflecting climatic, physiographic, and edaphic characteristics, while controlling for the biases that arise from publicly gathered occurrence records. Our findings revealed that the plant's habitat requirements vary among the three regions investigated. While climatic factors are essential in all three regions, physiographic aspects are mainly important for the eastern and southern populations, while edaphic variables were pertinent exclusively in southern region. Areas suitable and optimal for the plant were estimated to comprise 674,700 km2 (17.3% of total land area) in eastern Africa, 267,750 km2 (25.6%) in the horn of Africa, and 716,300 km2 (13.9%) in southern Africa. More than two‐thirds of these areas are located on unprotected lands, highlighting the importance of community involvement for a sustainable management of the species. Our results on the potential geographical distribution of African sandalwood are crucial to guide more targeted conservation and recovery efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2025
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7. Habitat suitability modeling and conservation status of Salvadora oleoides and Tamarix aphylla in tropical thorn forest.
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Hussain, Majid, Akhtar, Hassan, Saqib, Zafeer, Khan, Muhammad Tayyab, Afridi, Zarak Khan, Afzal, Hasnain, Habiba, Ume, Khalil, Sangam, Raza, Ghulam, Rahman, Hamid Ur, Shah, Sher, Yousaf, Muhammad Sohail, and Alahmadi, Tahani Awad
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CONSCIOUSNESS raising , *TROPICAL forests , *HABITAT conservation , *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves , *ENDANGERED species - Abstract
The habitat suitability of Salvadora oleoides and Tamarix aphylla can be one of the most significant steps towards conserving these tree species. Habitat loss presents a critical threat to the existence of S. oleoides and T. aphylla. Protecting their suitable habitats and implementing conservation approaches is crucial to address this challenge. By ensuring the preservation of their habitats and adopting effective conservation strategies, we can mitigate the threat of habitat loss and promote the survival of these species. The potential distribution of S. oleoides and T. aphylla was predicted using a MaxEnt model. This study also presents the conservation status of S. oleoides and T. aphylla in the tropical thorn forests of the Bahawalpur subdivision. Data were gathered from the field survey based on bioclimatic variables. Overall, 20 sample plots were taken, and the coordinates were recorded for each sample plot. MaxEnt software and the environmental variables were used to study each tree species separately (19 bioclimatic variables were used). The Jackknife test was conducted to find the total general tree cover and mean temperature. The MaxEnt model showed high accuracy for each tree species, with the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) training mean testing values for S. oleoides being 0.976 and T. aphylla 0.987. The study showed that both species were distributed irregularly in the tropical thorn forest of the Bahawalpur subdivision. The results highlight that it is essential to implement proven long-term management and conservation techniques to ensure the well-being and sustainability of forest trees in the Bahawalpur sub-division. In conclusion, concerted efforts to map, understand habitat suitability, and raise awareness of endangered species in the tropical thorn forest are crucial for effective conservation planning and resource allocation in the face of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Predicting the potential distribution of stingless bee, Tetragonula iridipennis in India using MaxEnt and CMIP6 climate projections.
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Karuppaiah, V., Maruthadurai, R., Das, Bappa, Soumia, P. S., Gadge, Ankush, Pote, Chandrashekhar, Shirsat, Dhananjay, Pandit, Trupti, Sawant, Sanket, Ramesh, S. V., and Mahajan, Vijay
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STINGLESS bees , *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves , *NATIVE species , *HABITAT conservation , *SEASONAL temperature variations - Abstract
Tetragonula iridipennis Smith, commonly known as the stingless bee or 'dammer bee', is a key native species that pollinates a wide variety of horticultural crops, including onions, in India. Climate change significantly affects species distribution and habitat suitability. This study utilized Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt) to predict the current and future distribution of T. iridipennis in India. By modeling the species' potential distribution using both historical climate data (1970–2000) and future projections for 2050 and 2070 under two socio-economic scenarios, SSP126 (low-emission) and SSP585 (high-emission), the study provided accurate predictions. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for model training and testing was 0.848 and 0.830, respectively, indicating strong model accuracy. Additionally, the Continuous Boyce Index (CBI) values for training and testing were 0.966 and 0.907, while the True Skill Statistic (TSS) values were 0.510 and 0.484. These metrics confirm that the model effectively distinguishes between suitable and unsuitable habitats for the species. The two most influential variables determining 84.9% of T. iridipennis's potential distribution were temperature seasonality (bio4; 66.2%) and mean temperature of the coldest quarter (bio11; 18.7%). The ideal zone for these variables were 155–170 and 13–28, respectively. The model indicated that the potential distribution of T. iridipennis is concentrated primarily in central and southern peninsular India, with the species' habitat predicted to expand under both SSP126 and SSP585 scenarios. This study provides a detailed overview of the current and potential future habitable areas for T. iridipennis in India, offering insights that could help guide conservation efforts for this important native pollinator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Effects of pre‐experimental fasting and sheltering on the swimming performance and oxygen consumption of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
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Ali, Malik Haris, Huang, Ying‐ping, Johnson, David, Li, Wei‐ming, and Yuan, Xi
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CTENOPHARYNGODON idella , *HABITAT conservation , *FASTING , *SWIMMING , *RESPIROMETERS , *ANAEROBIC capacity , *OXYGEN consumption - Abstract
This study investigated the effects of pre‐experimental fasting for 2, 7, and 14 days under both unsheltered (12 h dark–12 h light) and sheltered conditions on the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and oxygen consumption (MO2) of juvenile grass carp, using a modified swim respirometer. Key findings include (1) the Ucrit of test fish decreased significantly, by 28%, after fasting for 14 days and sheltering intensified the impact to a 43% decrease, and (2) fish anaerobic capacity decreased after 7 days but increased after 14 days, and was enhanced by sheltering conditions. These findings are important as they indicate that fasting and sheltering can impair grass carp survival and disrupt river ecosystem balance, highlighting the need for habitat conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Predicting climate change impacts on distribution and conservation of critically endangered Picea neoveitchii using MaxEnt.
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Xue, Ninghan, Li, Kaiyuan, Chen, Kexin, Li, Panpan, Ji, Xinmiao, Ma, Zhilin, and Ji, Wenli
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BIOLOGICAL classification ,ENDANGERED species ,GERMPLASM ,HABITAT conservation ,SEASONAL temperature variations - Abstract
Picea neoveitchii Mast., an endemic and rare species in China, classified as Critically Endangered (CR) in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, possesses significant research value due to its unique biological characteristics that contribute to plant taxonomy and the conservation of the genus Picea. Despite its excellent timber quality and high ornamental value, it has not been widely used and well protected. This study employed the MaxEnt modeling approach, incorporating field survey data on species distribution and species distribution data collected online, along with climatic and environmental data sourced from IPCC reports and climate databases. It assessed the current and future distribution ranges, influential variables, and conservation status of P. neoveitchii. The results indicate that Minimum Temperature of the Coldest Month, Annual Precipitation, Temperature Seasonality, and Altitude are the key factors influencing the distribution of P. neoveitchii. Across all future climate scenarios, the suitable habitat for P. neoveitchii consistently exhibits a trend of shifting northwestwards. Under SSP2-4.5, SSP5-5.8 scenario, the suitable area decreases in all periods. Under SSP1-2.6 scenario, the suitable area decreases, except the period from 2080 to 2,100, which sightly increases. Notably, the proportion of habitat within natural reserves increased. To conserve P. neoveitchii , it is necessary to adopt in-situ and ex-situ conservation measures, conserve germplasm resources through seed banking and tissue culture, and implement strict enclosure policies to minimize human disturbance and promote natural regeneration. These findings highlight the need for targeted conservation measures to address the ongoing threat to this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Proportion of forest surrounding breeding habitat predicts newt condition and fluctuating asymmetry.
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Lammens, Leni, Vanroy, Tosca, De Saeyer, Nancy, Martel, An, Baeten, Lander, Lens, Luc, Strubbe, Diederik, Verheyen, Kris, Croubels, Siska, Goethals, Peter, and Pasmans, Frank
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AMPHIBIAN declines , *AMPHIBIAN populations , *HABITAT conservation , *NEWTS , *AQUATIC habitats - Abstract
We need urgent conservation efforts to curb global amphibian declines. Individual indicators provide valuable insights into how amphibian populations respond to different management practices. We compared body condition and fluctuating asymmetry of individual alpine newts (
Ichthyosaura alpestris ) from ten populations across a gradient of both terrestrial and aquatic structural habitat complexity. Newt body condition was better in ponds surrounded by a greater proportion of forest ( P < 0.001, estimate ± SE = 0.46 ± 0.11). Moreover, newts in such ponds were more symmetrical than conspecifics in ponds surrounded by less forest ( P < 0.01, estimate ± SE = −0.25 ± 0.09). Neither structural complexity of ponds nor the complexity of the terrestrial environment had a significant impact on alpine newt body condition and fluctuating asymmetry. Our findings suggest a sufficient proportion of forest adjacent to the breeding habitat is important in sustaining adult condition of a common semi-aquatic amphibian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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12. Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus) display selective behaviors while foraging bromeliads (Puya spp.) in high elevation puna grasslands.
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Pilfold, Nicholas W., Mateo-Chero, Denisse, Farfan-Rios, William, Watsa, Mrinalini, Owen, Megan A., and Van Horn, Russell C.
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SPECTACLED bear , *CLOUD forests , *HABITAT conservation , *HABITAT selection , *FORAGE plants , *GRASSLANDS - Abstract
Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus) forage extensively on bromeliads (Puya spp.) across their range, although their selectivity for bromeliads is less understood. We report on foraging activity by Andean bears on two species of bromeliad, Puya leptostachya and Puya membranacea, in high elevation puna grasslands (3499–3806 m.a.s.l) within and near Manu National Park (MNP) in SE Peru. We established two ridgeline transects (inside and outside MNP) with perpendicular transects running downslope. We recorded whether bromeliad plants were foraged by Andean bears on four separate sampling occasions that included wet and dry seasons from July 2017 to August 2018. We observed foraging by Andean bears at 6.8% of the available individual plants spread across 16.7% of the available patches. We utilized Resource Selection Functions to evaluate the environmental factors influencing the selection of bromeliad patches by Andean bears for foraging. Andean bears showed selection for Puya leptostachya over Puya membranacea, preferring to forage during the dry season at higher density patches of younger vegetative-stage bromeliads, possibly due to the increased bioavailability of nutrients in the basal meristematic plant tissue the bears prefer to eat. Andean bears selected bromeliad patches growing on east-facing, steep, high-altitude slopes, in a band near the cloud forest edge, which likely reflected a combination of optimal growing conditions for the bromeliads and habitat selection by the bears. Observations of foraging on grassland bromeliads occurred almost exclusively within the boundaries of MNP, which may in part reflect bears avoiding cattle impacts outside of the park. Andean bears showed active behavioral selection for bromeliads within the puna grasslands, and we recommend that grassland buffers around the cloud forest should be considered as primary habitat in conservation management plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Evaluating approaches for integrating species distributions in spatial conservation planning.
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Winiarski, Jason M., Shipley, Amy A., Fowler, Drew N., Palumbo, Matthew D., and Straub, Jacob N.
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SPECIES distribution , *HABITAT selection , *HABITAT conservation , *WILDLIFE conservation , *SCIENCE projects , *POPULATION viability analysis - Abstract
Map‐based decision support tools (DSTs) that use species distributions are an important means of identifying priority areas for conservation. The Wisconsin Waterfowl Habitat Conservation Strategy (WWHCS) uses a DST to identify priority ecological landscapes and watersheds to guide waterfowl habitat projects. The WWHCS DST relies on waterfowl habitat suitability layers derived through expert opinion in lieu of species distributions, a common approach in DSTs. Given the subjectivity of expert opinion, model‐driven species distributions such as those available from community science projects could provide more reliable information and better identify areas for waterfowl conservation. Here, we explore the application of relative abundance products available through the eBird Status and Trends project as an alternative to expert‐derived habitat suitability layers in the WWHCS DST. Our objectives were to compare seasonal species distributions from habitat suitability models (expert‐derived) and species distribution models (eBird‐derived) and determine whether differences influenced DST prioritizations. Correlations between expert‐ and eBird‐derived distributions were generally low to moderate for breeding and fall layers (ρ: −0.03–0.76), and lowest for spring (ρ: −0.49–0.72). There was also minimal agreement among top‐ranked ecological landscapes (40%) and watersheds (28%) between the two versions of the DST. Finally, we compare tradeoffs and suggest a model‐driven approach for the WWHCS DST. However, additional work validating eBird relative abundance against professional surveys and empirical studies evaluating waterfowl habitat selection and vital rates are important future considerations for the DST and waterfowl habitat conservation in Wisconsin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Riparian habitat quality and seasonality drives spatiotemporal habitat ecology of sympatric Asian otters in southern Western Ghats.
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Moun, Ankit, Ramesh, Tharmalingam, and Kalle, Riddhika
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RIPARIAN areas ,FRESHWATER habitats ,HABITATS ,HABITAT conservation ,SELF-organizing maps - Abstract
Introduction: Riparian habitats in the Western Ghats are vital semi-terrestrial zones playing multi-functional roles in the conservation of freshwater species. In dynamic ecosystems, we have scant knowledge on the interactive role of season and local riparian habitat conditions in driving spatiotemporal habitat use of sympatric semi-aquatic mustelids. Methodology: We conducted seasonal monitoring of 169-196 riverine segments (250 m) in 2020 and 2021 to measure the sign encounter rates of Asian small-clawed otter (SCL) and smooth-coated otter (SCO) and recorded 29 riparian habitat variables. Results: Our self-organizing map algorithm characterized alarge multivariate habitat data into six habitat clusters representing a gradient of riparian habitat conditions. The random forest (RF) algorithm identified forest cover, water quality, and substratum as influential factors in high quality habitat. The low-quality habitat with low sign encounter rates or no evidence of otters had anthropized stream buffers, with high proportion of agriculture, weed cover and anthropogenic disturbance as influential factors predicted by the RF algorithm. SCO distribution was restricted to the higher-order streams in close proximity to hydro-power dams. SCL had a comparatively larger spatial distribution in the lower-order streams. Our study shows that rainfall plays a significant role in enhancing the hydrological flow in non-perennial streams and also improves the water quality parameters and the riparian habitat conditions. We found highly variable encounter rates of both species across seasons and habitat quality gradients, however, overall, their mean encounter rates increased with the habitat quality gradient. Discussion: Our findings showed that relating otter sign encounter rates with fine-scale riparian habitat quality was a useful and practical approach to monitor the sensitivity of sympatric semi-aquatic mustelids towards habitat conditions and simultaneously monitor the riparian ecosystem health, across seasons and years. The long-term persistence of sympatric Asian otters in the Bhavani-Noyyal river basin would depend on the availability of high-quality riparian habitat patches. Our findings emphasize the need to develop comprehensive riparian habitat management plans in the southern Western Ghats which involves restoration of fragmented riparian zones and maintenance of riparian habitat heterogeneity to facilitate freshwater connectivity and movements of sympatric otters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Rock glacier springs: cool habitats for species on the edge.
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Martini, Jan, Brighenti, Stefano, Vanek, Magdalena, Schwingshackl, Thea, Vallefuoco, Francesca, Scotti, Alberto, Lencioni, Valeria, and Bottarin, Roberta
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RUNOFF ,SPRING ,HABITAT conservation ,STABLE isotopes ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Under climate change, glacier recession and the loss of cold habitats are major threats to aquatic biodiversity. In mountain areas, streams originating from rock glaciers, called "icy seeps", may represent climate refugia for cold-adapted organisms, given the major persistence of cold waters from these landforms even in unfavourable climates. During late summer 2021, we investigated discharge, turbidity, water chemistry (major ions and trace elements), stable water isotopes (δ
18 O, δ2 H), and macroinvertebrate communities of five rock glacier springs (icy seeps), five glacier springs (glacier springs) and five non-glacial springs (spring brooks) in catchments of the Eastern Italian Alps. In icy seeps, meltwater contribution to runoff (estimated with end-member mixing models) was intermediate between those of the other two spring types. Icy seeps had very cold waters (< 1.5 °C) that were enriched in trace elements, like glacier springs, whereas discharge and turbidity were low, like in spring brooks. Community composition, diversity, and species associations of icy seeps were strongly related to a gradient of chemical harshness (built using trace element concentrations), with less contaminated springs hosting communities like those dwelling in spring brooks. Like glacier springs, those icy seeps with the harshest water chemistry (particularly because of Ni concentrations) and higher meltwater contribution hosted species (e.g., Diamesa steinboecki) that are currently in decline due to glacier loss. This suggests a high conservation value for icy seeps. The protection of these habitats, nowadays overlooked, will be fundamental under the progressive warming and dry-out risk of alpine springs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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16. Evaluation of the Flats Fishery to Formulate and Propose a Regional Strategic Plan to Improve Fisheries and Protected‐Area Conservation and Management in the Yucatan Peninsula of Belize and Mexico.
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Perez, Addiel U. and Adams, Aaron
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AQUATIC resources , *FISHERIES , *HABITAT conservation , *FISH conservation , *SMALL-scale fisheries , *PROTECTED areas , *MARINE parks & reserves - Abstract
ABSTRACT Coastal fishery resources shared by Belize and Mexico emphasize the need for bi‐national conservation and management strategies. We used the recreational flats fishery as a model to: (1) evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a mixed‐methods approach for fishery conservation and management and (2) propose a general strategic plan to guide conservation and management that also benefits biodiversity of aquatic resources. The approach consisted of gathering local knowledge, observing participants, reviewing literature, and interviewing key representatives of the flats fishing community, resource managers (governmental and co‐managers), academia and non‐governmental organizations, followed by online surveys, to rank overall findings and prioritize concerns identified by a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis. Our findings indicated that science, education, conservation, and management were important. The strategic framework included goals, objectives, strategies, and outcomes that will depend on validation and collaboration amongst sectors to generate information and application to fisheries and protected areas (PAs) management to benefit local communities, national economies, and preservation of biodiversity. Prioritized needs included: (1) science to address habitat loss and degradation, overharvest, habitat use conflict resolution, fishing pressure, and protection of key habitats for all life cycles of target species; (2) education and awareness to increase knowledge, address fish handling practices, and guide conservation and management decision‐making; (3) inclusion of the flats fishery in conservation plans, PAs, development, and economic plans; and (4) improved enforcement of regulations to ensure sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Integrating community knowledge into nature-based solutions for the sustainability of water ecosystem services: insight from local communities in Ecuador.
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Fonseca, Kalina, Espitia-Sarmiento, Edgar Fabian, Ilbay-Yupa, Mercy, and Breuer, Lutz
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INDIGENOUS peoples of South America ,ARTIFICIAL islands ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,WATER purification ,HABITAT conservation ,STREAM restoration ,ECOSYSTEM services - Abstract
The political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal (PESTEL) dimensions in a local community shape the adoption of specific nature-based solutions (NbS). This study provides crucial insights on NbS tailored to smallholder indigenous and peasant communities heavily reliant on water ecosystem services from headwater streams, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs in the páramo ecosystems of the central Ecuadorian Andes. Combining a multi-stakeholder workshop with bibliometric analysis, we developed a framework that integrates NbS with local communities' PESTEL dimensions to sustain water ecosystem services. As a result, the lack of political will to sustain healthy aquatic ecosystems, urban-centered environmental investment, and agricultural expansion mainly influence the sustainability of water ecosystem services in the political, economic and environmental dimensions. Social, legal, and technological dimensions encompass community dissatisfaction, resistance to conservation, neglect of clean water and land use regulations, and limited innovation investment. Artificial floating islands and passive river restoration were the NbS adaptable to these PESTEL dimensions in our local communities. Artificial floating islands, a macrophyte-based technology that integrates community plant knowledge, are feasible even with limited financial resources. Passive river restoration complements them to promote headwater vegetation recovery and governance of water ecosystem services. Their integration supports drinking water supply, irrigation, fisheries, water purification, habitat conservation, soil formation carbon sequestration, and the achievement of several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We provide decision-makers with a rigorous assessment of NbS for local communities, with the potential to scale to countries with similar contexts and highlight the need for future research to explore NbS in regional or national frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Tannins and copper sulphate as antimicrobial agents to prevent contamination of Posidonia oceanica seedling culture for restoration purposes.
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Alagna, Adriana, Giacalone, Vincenzo Maximiliano, Zenone, Arturo, Martinez, Marco, D'Anna, Giovanni, Buffa, Gaspare, Cavalca, Caterina Jessica, Poli, Anna, Varese, Giovanna Cristina, Prigione, Valeria Paola, and Badalamenti, Fabio
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COPPER sulfate ,PHYTOTOXICITY ,POSIDONIA oceanica ,HABITAT conservation ,ROOT development - Abstract
Seed-based restoration methods are increasingly recognized as a relevant tool contributing to halt and reverse the loss of seagrass meadows while providing genetic and evolutionary benefit for the conservation of these habitats. Ad-hoc protocols aimed at maximizing the survival of plantlets obtained from seeds in cultivation systems are therefore required. Previous trials of seedling culture of Posidonia oceanica , the dominant seagrass of the Mediterranean Sea, recorded up to 40% loss due to mould development. In this study we aim to (i) identify the putative causal agents of seed decay and (ii) test the efficacy of copper sulphate (0.2 and 2 ppm) and of tannin-based products derived from chestnut, tara and quebracho in reducing seed and seedling decay, while assessing possible phytotoxic effects on plant development. Halophytophthora lusitanica, H. thermoambigua and a putative new Halophytophtora species were identified as possible causal agents of seed loss. The antimicrobial agents (copper and tannins) reduced seed contamination by 20%, although copper sulphate at 2 ppm strongly inhibited the root growth. Among tannins, chestnut and tara reduced seeds germination by up to 75% and decreased shoot and root development, while quebracho showed a less severe phytotoxic effect. The use of copper sulphate at 0.2 ppm is therefore recommended to prevent P. oceanica seedling loss in culture facilities since it reduces seed contamination with no phytotoxic effects. Our results contribute to improving the seedling culture of one the key species of the Mediterranean Sea, increasing propagule availability for restoration purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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19. ANÁLISIS DE LA DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA EN POBLACIONES FRAGMENTADAS Y CONTINUAS DE ASPIDOSPERMA QUEBRACHO-BLANCO (APOCYNACEAE) DEL CHACO SEMIÁRIDO.
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Almirón, Noelia E. A. and Solís Neffa, Viviana G.
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FRAGMENTED landscapes , *GENETIC variation , *HABITAT conservation , *WILDLIFE conservation , *SPECIES diversity , *CORRIDORS (Ecology) - Abstract
Background and aims: The loss and fragmentation of the Chaco Forest due to deforestation could affect the genetic diversity of species. Previous analyses of Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco, an emblematic forest species of the region, suggested that populations in the northern Semi-arid Chaco of Argentina are of interest for in situ conservation and restoration. Thus, we analyzed the genetic diversity and structure of fragmented and continuous populations of Aspidosperma quebrachoblanco from this region to assess the risk of genetic erosion and the role of fragmented habitats in the conservation of this species. M&M: Using 4 AFLP marker combinations, the genetic variability and structure of 49 individuals from 2 continuous and 3 fragmented populations of A. quebracho-blanco were analyzed. This analysis was conducted in the context of territorial forest planning, considering the distribution of protected areas, ecological corridors, land use, and the area of the forest fragments. Results: The differences in the estimated genetic variability indices between the continuous and fragmented populations studied were not significant (pHe=0.62, pSh=0.53, p%P=0.68). The genetic structure is moderate and correlates with the distance between populations. The most vulnerable populations are located in areas where land use is allowed. Conclusions: Forest fragments are important for the conservation of A. quebracho-blanco. However, in the short term, ecological, and demographic factors may have a greater impact on the viability of its populations than genetic erosion caused by fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. Using the United States Endangered Species Act for Global Turtle Conservation.
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DuBois, Dianne and Uhlemann, Sarah
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TURTLE conservation , *ENDANGERED species , *HABITAT conservation , *WILDLIFE conservation , *FRAGMENTED landscapes - Abstract
The United States Endangered Species Act (ESA) is a powerful tool for protecting imperiled species globally, yet it is currently underutilized for the conservation of freshwater turtles and tortoises. Species listed under the ESA receive meaningful protections that can include a ban on killing and collection in the United States, critical habitat designation to help curtail habitat loss and fragmentation, federal funding for habitat protection and conservation projects, and a ban on exports and imports into the sizeable US market. Here we present a primer on the ESA to encourage scientists and conservationists to engage in the ESA process to enhance global turtle conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Influence of prey availability on the movement pattern of breeding saker falcons (Falco cherrug) in Mongolia.
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Bold, Batbayar, Rahman, Lutfor, Purev-Ochir, Gankhuyag, Saruul, Amarsaikhan, Zhan, Xiangjiang, and Dixon, Andrew
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- *
TOP predators , *COMPETITION (Biology) , *HABITAT conservation , *BIRDS of prey , *RESOURCE management , *PREY availability - Abstract
As an apex predator in arid steppe, saker falcon plays a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance. Understanding their movement patterns concerning conspecific competition and prey availability is important for their conservation. We aim to understand how movement pattern of breeding saker falcons relates to prey availability. Twelve adult sakers were tracked during the breeding seasons, using satellite transmitters. Throughout the breeding season, sakers exhibited territorial behavior, with minimal overlap in range use among neighboring conspecifics. Males occupied larger areas (mean = 2,397 ha, median = 1,221 ha), compared to females (mean = 1,241 ha, median = 554 ha), and it remained consistent throughout breeding season. Female home range size increased notably during a late nestling stage and post-fledging dependence periods, indicating release from brooding constraints. Notably, we found a negative relationship between male home range size and prey availability. In high rodent density areas, males occupied smaller areas (mean = 1,135 ha, median = 1,034 ha), contrasting with low rodent density areas (mean = 6,815 ha, median = 6,516 ha). However, no significant relationship was observed between female home range size and prey availability. We also noted instances of nest abandonment and early dispersal behavior in some females, potentially influenced by a handicapping effect of tagging. Our findings offer valuable insight into how prey availability shapes saker falcon space use and defines their spatial requirements for successful breeding. This knowledge is crucial for the conservation and management of globally endangered saker falcons, informing targeted habitat protection and resource management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. When Mediterranean Artisanal Fishers Protect Coastal Ecosystems.
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Nauen, Cornelia E.
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FISHERY policy , *SUBMARINE cables , *HABITAT conservation , *NATURE conservation , *FISHERY products , *SMALL-scale fisheries - Abstract
According to EuroStat data, the recorded landings of fisheries products from European waters were estimated at about 6 million tons in 2001, down to 3.2 million tons in 2022. This gradual decline slowed after the entering into force of the reform of the European Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) at the end of 2013, but was followed by a steeper decline after 2018. This is reflected in the last assessment of the Scientific Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STEPF), noting that despite progress in the NE Atlantic management, 41% of the assessed stocks in 2022 were outside safe biological limits, down from 80% in 2003. Improvements in the Mediterranean are significantly slower. A warming ocean provokes the measurable poleward migration of species and adds stress to predator–prey relations in all European seas. Within this general picture, the broad-brush landscape is influenced by policy applications more in favour of industrial exploitation and regulatory and market environments, making it very hard for many small-scale fishers (SSFs) to remain in business, let alone attract younger successors for generational transition. In crowded marine spaces, it is a challenge to allocate access rights fairly between fisheries, exclusion zones for resource and habitat protection and much-needed ecosystem recovery, platforms for fossil exploitation, wind farms, underwater cables and recreational uses. Two examples of local initiatives with faunal recovery potential in the Mediterranean are briefly presented as a bottom-up complement to more top-down management approaches. They are spearheaded by artisanal fishers, who seek to restore spawning grounds and other coastal habitats as a way to procure enough fish and other complementary activities to secure their livelihoods in the future. They are supported by local scientists and nature conservation organisations. While promising, this is still rather the exception. Here, it is argued that trust-building between artisanal fishers, conservationists and scientists, and greater systemic support to SSFs by governments, increase chances for the urgently needed structural shifts that deliver the reversal in the ongoing decline in biodiversity and ocean productivity that all aspire to, to ensure sustained social and economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Identification of Environmental Factors Influencing the Population of Endangered Epilobium hirsutum L. in Korea.
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Jang, Rae-Ha, Kim, Sunryoung, and Kim, Minhan
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HABITAT conservation , *VEGETATIVE propagation , *AGRICULTURE , *SODIC soils , *ENDANGERED species - Abstract
Simple Summary: In this study, we investigated the environmental characteristics of all known habitats of Epilobium hirsutum in Korea. Habitat characteristics are influenced by various environmental factors such as water, soil, and temperature. In this investigation, we analyzed the environmental factors influencing the population size of this species, which is classified as endangered in Korea. Our findings indicated that atmospheric and soil conditions had the greatest impact on the population size of E. hirsutum. These results serve as a valuable reference for developing management strategies for E. hirsutum habitats and provide foundational data for future habitat restoration and improvement efforts. Epilobium hirsutum has been identified as a Class II endangered species in Korea. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop habitat conservation and improvement strategies for the protection of E. hirsutum. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the environmental characteristics of E. hirsutum habitats and identify key environmental factors influencing the population size. To this end, we conducted field surveys and performed a spatial data analysis to collect data on 38 environmental characteristics associated with the population size of E. hirsutum. We performed factor and path analyses to identify the environmental factors influencing the population size and the correlations between the population size and environmental factors. The common factors identified in both analyses were the average temperature in March, available P, soil pH, and soil humidity. Therefore, to manage E. hirsutum habitats or create alternative habitats, areas with a low air temperature and high soil moisture must be selected. It is necessary to remove tall plants and amend soils with alkaline fertilizers containing P. Additionally, it may be effective to implement a management strategy that induces vegetative propagation and seed germination by replacing agricultural waterways made of concrete with those made of rock and soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Remote Sensing Data Reveal a Significant Reduction in the Area of the Nesting Habitat of Rafetus euphraticus in the Tigris River, Southeastern Turkey.
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Biricik, Murat, Safi, Kamran, and Turğa, Şemsettin
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SOFT-shelled turtles , *TURTLE conservation , *HABITAT conservation , *TURKS , *TURTLES - Abstract
The Euphrates Softshell Turtle (Rafetus euphraticus) is an endangered freshwater turtle native to the Tigris‐Euphrates river system. Habitat destruction caused by dams and sand mining poses a major threat to the species. This study quantitatively assesses the occurrence of sandy areas in the upper Tigris in Turkey as a key component of their nesting habitat, utilizing remote sensing data. An ensemble approach was employed, applying and combining Generalized Additive Models (GAM), Generalized Boosting Models (GBM), Generalized Linear Models (GLM), and Random Forests (RF) for classification. The models indicate that, compared to 2018, the occurrence of sandbanks—assumed to be crucial nesting habitat for this species—was reduced by 41% in 2022 following the construction of a large dam. Additionally, sand mining and flooding of adjacent lands have fragmented and degraded the remaining sandbanks. The survival of the Turkish population of the Euphrates Softshell Turtle requires immediate and effective action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Butterfly Diversity and Community Dynamics in the Central Himalayas: Species Composition, Richness, Abundance, and Seasonal Variation of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in Bhorletar, Nepal.
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KC, Sajan and Sapkota, Anisha
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NATURAL history , *HABITAT conservation , *NUMBERS of species , *SPECIES diversity , *BIODIVERSITY conservation - Abstract
Butterflies are among the most effective bioindicators of climate change; however, their diversity in many rural areas of the Central Himalayas remains understudied. This study provides an assessment of butterfly diversity in the foothills of Bhorletar, Madhya Nepal Municipality, Lamjung District, Nepal, within an elevation range of 420–600 m. Conducted between July 2019 and January 2021, the survey involved opportunistic observations and photography of adult butterflies in their natural habitats, with sampling occurring six times each month. The study aimed to investigate the species composition, richness, and abundance of butterflies across the survey period and identify seasonal changes in species composition and richness. A total of 94,009 individuals across 226 species, 129 genera, and six families were documented. During this study, Halpe arcuata Evans, 1937 and Hasora taminatus bhavara Fruhstorfer, 1911 were recorded for the first time in Nepal. Additionally, Halpe filda Evans, 1949 and Ctenoptilum vasava vasava (Moore, [1866]) were recorded for only the second and third times, respectively, in Nepal, following a gap of approximately three decades. The most abundant species was Pieris canidia indica Evans, 1926 (Relative Abundance [RA] 2.55%), followed by Pseudozizeeria maha maha (Kollar, [1844]) (RA 2.13%). Species richness showed an annual bimodal distribution, peaking in April (180 species) and August (161 species), while the lowest richness was observed in January and February, with 68 and 75 species, respectively. Diversity indices included a Shannon–Wiener index of 4.71, Pielou's J index of 0.87, an effective number of species of 111.24, and Margalef's richness index of 19.65, indicating high species diversity with a well‐balanced mix of species evenness and richness. This study offers the first peer‐reviewed checklist of butterflies from Bhorletar, providing crucial baseline data for future research and conservation efforts, and highlights the remarkable seasonal and species diversity within the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. Diversity, Species Richness, and Community Composition of Wetland Birds in the Lowlands of Western Nepal.
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Pant, Siddha Raj, Bhattarai, Bishnu Prasad, Baral, Hem Sagar, and Thapa, Tej Bahadur
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ECOSYSTEM management , *HABITAT conservation , *BIRD habitats , *BIRD conservation , *SUMMER - Abstract
Wetlands serve as crucial habitats for diverse bird species, playing a vital role in maintaining the ecosystem. Geographical location, climate, hydrology, and vegetation composition of wetlands determine the diversity of birds. This study investigated species richness, seasonal diversity, and composition of wetland birds in three prominent water bodies of western Nepal, namely Ghodaghodi, Rani, and Jokhar lakes, from 2021 to 2022 in summer and winter using the point count method. We observed 59 wetland bird species across three wetlands, where both the richness and diversity were significantly higher in the winter. Paired t‐tests revealed significant seasonal differences (p < 0.001) in diversity, species richness, and abundance at both Ghodaghodi and Rani lakes. The highest species richness was observed at Ghodaghodi (n = 58), reflecting its significance as a vital bird habitat. In contrast, diversity was higher in Rani Lake during both seasons (Winter H = 2.98, Summer H = 2.79). NMDS followed by ANISOM test also showed that bird community structure varies across lakes and seasons. Indicator species analysis showed that out of 59 species, 26 species are associated with one or different sites, whereas 18 of them are associated with the summer or winter season. We observed the Anatidae family with the highest relative diversity (RDI = 28.81%) and reported 1 globally vulnerable species and 7 globally near‐threatened species. While in Jokhar Lake, the abundance does not vary between the seasons. This study revealed substantial differences in bird species across seasons and lakes showing that each wetland offers a distinct ecological niche for bird species. The findings reinstate the importance of these wetlands as crucial habitats for the diversity of birds and species composition. This research contributes to the conservation and management of these ecosystems, aiding the protection of wetland birds in Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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27. Mesophotic and Bathyal Echinoderms of the Italian Seas.
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Toma, Margherita, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Enrichetti, Francesco, Costa, Andrea, Angiolillo, Michela, Cau, Alessandro, Andaloro, Franco, Canese, Simonepietro, Greco, Silvestro, and Bo, Marzia
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DEEP-sea animals , *HABITAT conservation , *ECHINODERMATA , *SPECIES , *HABITATS - Abstract
Echinoderms are among the most charismatic megabenthic taxa in mesophotic and deep waters. However, they generally have a scattered distribution and are difficult to collect, especially on hardgrounds, so defining their abundance, distribution and ecological preferences is challenging. The largest available Italian remotely operated vehicle dataset, including 624 dives carried out between 2006 and 2022 in coastal and offshore areas in the depth range of 40–1825 m, was used to assess echinoderm diversity and large-scale geographic and bathymetric distributions. Thirty-nine taxa were identified, including three rarely reported from the Mediterranean basin. The maximum diversity and occurrence of the deep-sea echinoderm fauna were reported from the northern areas, and generally, they decreased with depth and distance from the coast. Species, mostly of Atlantic origin, were mainly distributed according to their thermic preferences. The recorded species occurred in a large variety of habitats, including some in which, differently from what was reported in the literature, they formed dense aggregations. The high densities of individuals were hypothesised to be related, in some cases, to reproductive, feeding or stress situations. Environmental predictors were considered in order to both investigate patterns in community composition and the response of the studied community to them. This work enhances the knowledge of deep-sea Mediterranean echinoderms, fundamental to implementing more effective monitoring and conservation strategies for the habitats in which they thrive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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28. Botany Teaching–Learning Proposal Using the Phytosociological Method for University Students' Study of the Diversity and Conservation of Forest Ecosystems for University Students.
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Cano-Ortiz, Ana, Piñar Fuentes, José Carlos, Musarella, Carmelo Maria, and Cano, Eusebio
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BIOSPHERE reserves , *TROPICAL dry forests , *FOREST conservation , *HABITAT conservation , *ENDEMIC species - Abstract
We propose a method consisting of four steps for phytosociological research and education on flora and vegetation diversity. We demonstrate the application of this method using as an example a territory of special interest due to its high index of endemism (Dominican Republic Island), which is a biodiversity hotspot and hosts several protected areas, such as the Jaragua-Bahoruco-Enriquillo Biosphere Reserve. Nonetheless, this model, based on teaching the phytosociological method, can be extrapolated to any location worldwide. As an example, we analyzed the dry and humid forests. Through the four research phases, this study revealed a greater number of endemic species in the dry forest compared to the humid forest, with more endemics found in districts A12 and A16. The sequenced teaching of the research phases allows for the training of university students, future managers, and educators. The model enables learning sampling techniques, developing analysis and interpretation skills, and assessing the need for conservation of habitats rich in endemic species. The teaching outcomes of this study provide optimal training for the management and dissemination of ecological values, which allow broader society to learn to respect the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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29. Waterbird assemblages of Australia's largest east-coast wetland complex: environmental determinants of spatial and temporal distribution.
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Pearson, Richard G., Zunker-Mellick, Belinda, and Nolen, Jacqui A.
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AGRICULTURAL development , *FLOODPLAIN management , *IRRIGATION farming , *HABITAT conservation , *WATER birds , *WATER quality , *WETLAND management - Abstract
Context: The extensive Burdekin–Townsville seasonal freshwater wetlands in the Queensland tropics (adjacent to an intertidal Ramsar site) support important waterbird assemblages within and downstream of the Burdekin–Haughton irrigation area. Little evidence is available of the environmental drivers of these assemblages, possibly including the extensive development of irrigated agriculture. Aims: We described the composition and dynamics of freshwater waterbird assemblages to identify their environmental determinants and underpin conservation management. Methods: We used up to four decades' worth of records of waterbird assemblages, and collected biophysical data from 57 sites and water quality data for 32 sites. We predicted that these measured variables would determine assemblage composition, thereby elucidating the environmental drivers of the assemblages. Key results: In total, 100 waterbird and shorebird species were recorded. Individual samples were strongly nested. Species richness increased with area but density decreased. Richness had a humped relationship with water depth. Linear modelling identified mostly weak relationships between species, assemblages and environmental variables (e.g. nutrients). Abundances mostly increased during the dry season but irrigation tailwater reduced seasonal variation in some wetlands. No apparent change in common species' assemblages was evident over four decades. Conclusions: The wetlands provide extensive, diverse habitats for rich waterbird assemblages, despite impacts of agricultural development. Impacts on waterbirds appear to be buffered by the extent and complexity of the wetland mosaic that includes modified wetlands. Implications: Holistic, active management is required to ensure the long-term conservation of habitats for waterbirds and other biota in the Burdekin–Townsville seasonal freshwater wetlands. Inclusion of these freshwater wetlands in the Ramsar site would be beneficial. The extensive Townsville-Burdekin freshwater wetlands support important waterbird assemblages. Despite many effects of agricultural development (e.g. changes in hydrological processes, vegetation and water quality), assemblages have apparently changed very little over the last four decades. Nevertheless, the wetland complex requires active, holistic management for conservation of the waterbirds and other biota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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30. Diversity, Composition and Distribution Patterns of Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) in Sand Forest, South Africa.
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Hlongwane, Zabentungwa Thakasile, Munyai, Thinandavha Caswell, Majola, Olwethu, Dippenaar‐Schoeman, Anna Sophia, and Lagendijk, D. D. Georgette
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TOP predators , *HABITAT conservation , *FOREST conservation , *PITFALL traps , *BIODIVERSITY conservation , *SPIDERS - Abstract
Spiders are the dominant representative of the top predator guild in many terrestrial ecosystems, but their diversity and distribution in forests in South Africa are still understudied. This study aimed to determine ground‐dwelling spider diversity, composition and distribution patterns in both sand forest and savanna (and their ecotone) using pitfall traps and to provide a spider species checklist for these three habitats in Phinda Private Game Reserve. A total of 410 individuals from 64 species and 21 families were recorded from the three habitat types. The Lycosidae family and Pardosa crassipalpis were the most dominant family and species. Spider abundances were similar between sand forest and the ecotone, but lower in savanna. However, species richness was similar across habitats. Spider species assemblages were similar between sand forest and the ecotone, but differed from the species assemblages in savanna. Spiders play an important role in food webs both below‐ and aboveground. Therefore, determining their diversity and distribution contributes to the overall understanding of the ecosystem in addition to promoting conservation efforts of key habitats such as the critically endangered sand forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Modelling of Aythya nyroca habitat under climate change scenarios in Pakistan using MaxEnt approach.
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William, Gulzaman, Saqib, Zafeer, Qadir, Abdul, Iqbal, Muhammad Javed, and Rafique, Afia
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HABITAT conservation , *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves , *ENDANGERED species , *CURRENT distribution , *CLIMATE change - Abstract
Climate change could disrupt the potential habitat of certain species, leading to shifts in their geographical ranges. MaxEnt modelling is a valuable tool for assessing habitat distribution and conservation strategies aimed at protecting threatened species. Our objective is to employ MaxEnt modelling to predict the current and future distribution of Aythya nyroca across various important wetlands in Punjab, Pakistan under two Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) (SSPs 126, and SSPs 370) for the 2040s, 2070s and 2100s. We used 60 occurrence records and 8 variables, to simulate Aythya nyroca distribution. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC). AUC value was above 0.900 and thereby place this model in the excellent category. The jackknife test identified Bio19, Bio7, and Bio15 as influential variables. This study provides insights for habitat protection and management, through applying international and national legal provisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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32. Variation in space use between sites, years and individuals for an endangered migratory shorebird has implications for coastal planning.
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Lilleyman, Amanda, Corriveau, Amélie, Garnett, Stephen T., Bush, Robert, Coleman, Jon, Fuller, Richard, Jessop, Roz, Leiper, Ian, Maglio, Grace, O'Brien, Gavin, Stanioch, Damien, and Jackson, Micha V.
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HABITAT conservation , *PRECAUTIONARY principle , *RESEARCH personnel , *SHORE birds , *HABITATS - Abstract
Much of the annual cycle of threatened migratory shorebirds is spent in non‐breeding areas, but there have been few studies on how that habitat is used at fine‐scale. Tracking data from 13 endangered far eastern curlews at three Australian non‐breeding locations revealed that home range size and maximum daily displacement varied substantially among study areas and between years. Home range overlap also varied with tidal cycle, generally being lower at low than high tide, though there was considerable variability across time and between sites. Variation in site fidelity may indicate behavioral flexibility but may also suggest that resources critical to survival vary between years. If the latter is the case, protection of what appears to be critical habitat in 1 year may not be adequate in subsequent years, necessitating a precautionary approach to the conservation of habitat extent over the long term. For species like the far eastern curlew, which are exceptionally hard to capture and highly threatened, tracking data should be analyzed from as many perspectives as possible to justify the cost to both researchers and birds. In this study, use of tracking data previously analyzed to reveal migration routes has yielded important insights into their ecology and optimal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Nest-site selection by Hooded Vultures Necrosyrtes monachus in the Sudano–Sahelian area of Burkina Faso.
- Author
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Daboné, Clément, Thompson, Lindy J, Ouéda, Adama, Ouédraogo, Idrissa, and Weesie, Peter DM
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HABITAT selection , *ENDANGERED species , *HABITAT conservation , *VULTURES , *FOREST density , *BIRD nests - Abstract
Understanding the factors influencing selection of nesting habitat may be important in the placement and management of Vulture Safe Zones (areas where vultures can safely breed) and in the development of successful conservation programmes. In this study, we analysed the anthropogenic, environmental and topographic factors affecting nest-site selection by Hooded Vultures Necrosyrtes monachus in West Africa. Habitat features of 106 nest locations and 138 randomly chosen points were compared to identify the preferred nesting habitat of this species at two locations (Garango and Mogtédo) in the Sudano–Sahelian area of central-eastern Burkina Faso. We used logistic regression to create candidate models, and an information–theoretic approach revealed a best-fit model showing that nests were located mostly in areas with more tall trees (height >10 m) and that certain tree species were favoured (i.e. Faidherbia albida, Kaya senegalensis, Parkia biglobosa and Tamarindus indica). Our results showed that Hooded Vultures prefer nest sites along watercourses, and nest sites that are close to one another in a clustered or loosely colonial fashion. This can likely be explained by the very low level of territoriality of this species and by a higher density of tall trees and favored tree species along watercourses. We suspect that habitat degradation, especially loss of nesting habitat, is a key threat that has probably hastened the decline of this species in West Africa. We recommend that conservationists and government officials engage with local communities to urgently identify and protect key nesting areas, and then integrate the Hooded Vulture's habitat requirements into land management practises to support the conservation of this Critically Endangered species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Local knowledge and uses of the Senegal Parrot Poicephalus senegalus in northern Benin.
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Toni, Hermann Cyr, Dossou, Ayékotchami Jacques, Mama, Mèvognon Pacôme, Kenou, Christel, and Djossa, Agossou Bruno
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HABITAT conservation , *TRADITIONAL knowledge , *AGRICULTURAL pests , *TRADITIONAL medicine ,SNOWBALL sampling - Abstract
Humans rely on several services delivered by biodiversity for their subsistence. Relationships between humans and biodiversity vary among sociocultural groups. Considering the increasing threats on parrot species worldwide, this study assessed local knowledge and uses of the Senegal Parrot Poicephalus senegalus in northern Benin. A survey was carried out from January to April 2023 using colour-printed photographs of the species and semi-structured questionnaires. A total of 455 people from 12 districts and 10 sociocultural groups were interviewed individually. In each district, interviewees were identified by using the snowball sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and some quantitative value indices were used to analyse data. Interviewees reported using eleven parts of the Senegal parrot for different purposes. In the study area, the parrot is consumed as a delicacy (84%). Nine parts of the species (feathers, beak, feet, head, etc.) were used for magico-spiritual purposes (34%) and six in folk medicine (11%). The live bird is used as a pet and for ornamentation (17%). According to the majority of interviewees, the species was found mainly in agroecosystems where it feeds primarily on matured cereals (maize and millet), and is thus considered an agricultural pest. The species was captured mainly in agroecosystems using slingshots and traps. The majority (55%) of interviewees estimated that populations of the species were decreasing owing to anthropogenic threats (deforestation, hunting, habitat loss). This study highlights the socio-cultural importance of the Senegal Parrot for local communities and suggests that actions should be taken for conservation of its habitats in order to reduce depredation damages on crops and fruits by the bird. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) Overwintering Patterns in a High-Density Area in Senegal.
- Author
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Benjumea, Rafael, Pérez, Blanca, Niang, Moussa, Wright, John, and Delgado, María del Mar
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- *
OSPREY , *MIGRATORY birds , *HABITAT conservation , *WINTERING of birds , *BIRD conservation - Abstract
European Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) typically migrate long distances to their nonbreeding grounds in sub-Saharan Africa. Other than the wide distribution of their wintering range (i.e., from Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau, and Mali north to Cameroon), little is known about the wintering ecology of these birds in Africa. From 2015 to 2022, we collected data to estimate the abundance and distribution of the nonbreeding population of Ospreys in the Langue de Barbarie National Park, northwestern Senegal. We found one of the highest densities of Ospreys recorded in Africa. Interestingly, most birds overwintering in Langue de Barbarie National Park were adults, suggesting a differential selection of the nonbreeding area for different life stages. Furthermore, although the number of Ospreys we recorded did not vary over the years, their spatial distribution did change. The observed changes in the spatial distributions of overwintering Ospreys were likely associated with a channel construction project. Because abiotic and biotic drivers influencing the nonbreeding period might subsequently affect abundance and distribution at local breeding grounds, integrative, holistic conservation strategies, including the protection of nonbreeding habitats, are essential for the conservation and protection of these migratory birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Incorporation of human–wildlife interactions in ecosystem‐based management to enhance conservation of endangered guitarfish.
- Author
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Grossmark, Yaara, Azriali Zohar, Barak, Barash, Adi, and Portman, Michelle E.
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OCEAN zoning , *CONSERVATION projects (Natural resources) , *MARINE parks & reserves , *HABITAT conservation , *CITIZEN science - Abstract
Growing human use of the marine environment increases the proximity of humans to marine wildlife and thus likely increases human–wildlife interactions. Such interactions influence perceptions of nature and promote or undermine conservation. Despite their importance, human–wildlife interactions are rarely considered in ecosystem‐based marine spatial planning (MSP). Ideally, these interactions should be identified and considered in ecosystem‐based management (EBM), which is often purported to be the basis for MSP. We used Marxan software and data from a citizen science project documenting location, species, age, sex, and activity type to identify regions along Israel's coast with a high probability of encounters between people and 2 species of guitarfish. We considered the geographic distribution of these encounters and the various activities undertaken by the reporting observers. We ran 4 scenarios in Marxan. Two had conservation goals of 30% and 50% guitarfish habitat protection. In the third and fourth scenarios, we added a 50% conservation goal of human leisure activities to each guitarfish conservation goal. We also conducted a gap analysis between our guitarfish conservation goals and the Israel Nature and Parks Authority's master plan for marine protected areas. We found the park authority was close to meeting the 30% goal but was far from meeting the conservation goal of 50% of guitarfish habitat conservation. Different human uses were more likely to interact with different life stages of guitarfish, and different recreational activities occurred in different areas. Identifying areas of specific human use showed which activities should be addressed in conservation management decisions. Our addition of certain recreational uses to the model of habitat conservation showed how enhancing human dimensions in conservation planning can lead to more holistic ecosystem‐based conservation necessary for effective marine planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Building pondscapes for amphibian metapopulations.
- Author
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Moor, Helen, Bergamini, Ariel, Vorburger, Christoph, Holderegger, Rolf, Bühler, Christoph, Bircher, Nicolas, and Schmidt, Benedikt R.
- Subjects
- *
GREEN infrastructure , *MATING grounds , *COLONIZATION (Ecology) , *AMPHIBIAN diversity , *HABITAT conservation - Abstract
The success of ponds constructed to restore ecological infrastructure for pond‐breeding amphibians and benefit aquatic biodiversity depends on where and how they are built. We studied effects of pond and landscape characteristics, including connectivity, on metapopulation dynamics of 12 amphibian species in Switzerland. To understand the determinants of long‐term occupancy (here summarized as incidence), environmental effects on both colonization and persistence should be considered. We fitted dynamic occupancy models to 20 years of monitoring data on a pond construction program to quantify effects of pond and landscape characteristics and different connectivity metrics on colonization and persistence probabilities in constructed ponds. Connectivity to existing populations explained dynamics better than structural connectivity metrics, and simple metrics (distance to the nearest neighbor population, population density) were useful surrogates for dispersal kernel‐weighted metrics commonly used in metapopulation theory. Population connectivity mediated the persistence of conservation target species in new ponds, suggesting source–sink dynamics in newly established populations. Population density captured this effect well and could be used by practitioners for site selection. Ponds created where there were 2–4 occupied ponds within a radius of ∼0.5 km had >3.5 times higher incidence of target species (median) than isolated ponds. Species had individual preferences regarding pond characteristics, but breeding sites with larger (≥100 m2) total water surface area, that temporarily dried, and that were in surroundings with maximally 50% forest benefitted multiple target species. Pond diversity will foster amphibian diversity at the landscape scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Erhaltung der natürlichen Lebensräume sowie der wildlebenden Tiere und Pflanzen; Geeignete Maßnahmen, um in den besonderen Schutzgebieten die Verschlechterung der natürlichen Lebensräume zu vermeiden; Durch das Natura-2000-Netz geschützte Lebensraumtypen 6510 (Magere Flachland-Mähwiesen) und 6520 (Berg-Mähwiesen), Flächenverluste, Fehlende gebietsspezifische Überwachung natürlicher Lebensräume, Vorlage einer Liste von Gebieten durch jeden Mitgliedstaat, in der die in diesen Gebieten vorkommenden natürlichen Lebensraumtypen und einheimischen Arten aufgeführt sind, Regelmäßige Aktualisierung der Informationen zu diesen Gebieten
- Subjects
HABITAT conservation ,WILDLIFE conservation ,PROTECTED areas ,MOWING ,HABITATS - Abstract
Copyright of Natur und Recht is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Future Scenario of Wild Life Conservation and Renewable Energy Interface in Pakistan.
- Author
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Nishtar, Zuhaib, Wang Fangzong, Nan Yang, and Afzal, Jamil
- Abstract
In order to better understand the potential synergies and future obstacles, this study explores the future situation of wildlife conservation and renewable energy interaction in Pakistan. In light of Pakistan's efforts to attain sustainable development goals and solve urgent environmental challenges, the intersection of wildlife conservation and renewable energy has emerged as a vital nexus. This article reveals significant prospects for integration and collaboration through a thorough examination of the existing condition of animal conservation and renewable energy in Pakistan. The future we envision fosters peaceful coexistence between animals and clean energy infrastructure by meticulously planning renewable energy projects and minimising potential habitat interruptions. The study predicts that renewable energy sources including solar, wind, and hydropower will experience rapid growth, leading the China to a greener and more sustainable energy future. At the same time, preventative actions are taken to lessen the impact of habitat loss, protect vital ecosystems, and keep biodiversity from dwindling. In addition, the article explores the potential approaches, regulations, and technological advancements that can facilitate the successful integration of renewable energy and wildlife conservation. It is possible for Pakistan to begin on a greener future with sustainable economic growth and the protection of its irreplaceable natural heritage if it coordinates its conservation efforts with the development of renewable energy sources. Wildlife conservation and renewable energy go hand in hand in this innovative approach to sustainable development to create a more promising and long-term future for Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Seasonal resource selection of a grassland bird in a dynamic landscape: Importance of a heterogeneous landscape.
- Author
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Harsh, Sprih, Lonsinger, Robert C., Kauth, Hilary R., and Gregory, Andrew J.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,RESOURCE availability (Ecology) ,GRASSLANDS ,GRASSLAND birds ,HABITAT conservation ,HOME range (Animal geography) ,ANIMAL populations - Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation are a growing threat to wildlife, and a better understanding of these landscape processes is needed to mitigate their effects on species populations. Grassland biomes are among the most imperiled ecosystems in the world, and grassland birds are experiencing significant population declines in North America. Understanding how species respond to differences in resource availabilities across spatiotemporal extents is critical to determining animals' distributions. Here, we investigated the relationship of landscape attributes to spatiotemporal distribution of a grassland bird, the ring‐necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), which has experienced population declines in the Midwest, USA. Pheasant declines have been attributed to two anthropogenic stressors, land use change and climate change. In this study, we evaluated the effect of landscape attributes (composition and configuration) on the home‐range size and resource selection of pheasants. We used a 95% fixed kernel estimator to estimate home‐range size and identified scales at which landscape features influenced home‐range sizes. We quantified landscape features within radii of 250, 500, and 1000 m (i.e., local to broader spatial scales) from the home‐range center. We also used resource selection functions to predict the home‐range placement (second order) and resource selection within home ranges (third order) of pheasants during winter, pre‐nesting, and nesting seasons. We developed multi‐scale predictions of pheasant resource selection and identified wetlands, grasslands, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands, and small grains as land cover types used by pheasants to fulfill their life requirements. Our results indicated home ranges were more likely to be in a landscape with more CRP, wetlands, and grasslands; more connected grasslands; and a greater number of grassland patches. Pheasants also selected heterogeneous landscape and avoided row crops at both orders of selection. Maintaining habitat heterogeneity, by managing landscapes composed of a high proportion of grasslands and CRP surrounded by small grains and wetlands, could enhance the benefits of local management practices for pheasants. Collectively, insights obtained from our study can advance habitat conservation efforts for similar grassland birds and consequently are of broad utility to biologists and wildlife managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Kontrollierte Stauraumabsenkungen hatten keine nachweisbaren Auswirkungen auf die Fischpopulationen der Möll – ein Kommentar zu Pinter et al. (2024).
- Author
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Reckendorfer, W., Ogertschnig, K., Grüner, B., and Zornig, H.
- Subjects
HABITAT conservation ,NATURE conservation ,POWER plants ,BED load ,SUSPENDED sediments ,RESERVOIR drawdown - Abstract
Copyright of Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The Natural Vegetation of Residual Wetlands in the Hinterland of Western Sicily (Italy).
- Author
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Gianguzzi, Lorenzo, Caldarella, Orazio, and Sciandrello, Saverio
- Subjects
SCIENTIFIC literature ,PLANT conservation ,HABITAT conservation ,PLANT classification ,AQUATIC habitats - Abstract
An overview of the wetland vegetation of the hinterland of western Sicily, between the hills located south of the Palermo Mts. and the Sicani Mts., is presented herein. This study was conducted according to Braun-Blanquet's phytosociological method, through a survey carried out mainly within six important biotopes: (1) Gorgo Lungo ("Bosco Ficuzza"; municipality of Godrano); (2) Gorgo Marosa (on the southern side of Rocca Busambra; municipality of Godrano); (3) Gorgo di Piano Scala (on the northern side of Mt. Cardellia; municipality of Corleone); (4) and (5) Gorgo Carcaci and Gorgo Carcaciotto (both on the south-eastern slope of Mt. Carcaci; municipality of Castronovo di Sicilia); and (6) Gorgo S. Andrea (municipality of Castronovo di Sicilia). A vegetation analysis was carried out on the basis of 107 field relevés, together with other data taken from scientific literature. A total of 28 plant communities were identified, between hydrophytics of the classes Lemnetea minoris (3 associations) and Potamogetonetea pectinati (6 associations), helophytics of the Phragmito-Magnocaricetea class (14 associations and 1 community), ephemeral of the Isöeto-Nanojuncetea class (2 communities) and perennial herbaceous vegetation of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class (1 association and 1 community). A new syntaxon is also described (Callitricho obtusangulae-Glycerietum notatae ass. nova), as an endemic association of the hinterland of western Sicily, referred to as the Alopecuro-Glycerion spicatae alliance. For all surveyed communities, new insights into syntaxonomy and diagnostic taxa are provided, as well as for the floristic composition, synecology, syndynamism and synchorology of the aquatic vegetation of western Sicily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Evaluating coral reef restoration in marine protected areas using habitat structural complexity and coral communities.
- Author
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Wang, Yongzhi, Li, Yuxiao, Yu, Kefu, and Chen, Xiaoyan
- Subjects
MARINE parks & reserves ,CORAL reefs & islands ,CORAL communities ,HABITAT conservation ,LIFE sciences ,CORAL reef restoration ,CORALS - Abstract
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are widely used to protect at-risk ecosystems. This study employed a combined method to quantify the protection performance on coral reef habitats, integrating coral morphology and topographic relief in the rugosity index. In the Weizhou Island reef in the northern South China Sea, after six years of protection, the no-take areas (NTAs) hosted a greater live coral cover (11.7%) compared to the no-protection areas (NPAs, 6.9%), but had a lower rugosity (1.17) than both the NPAs and the habitat protection areas, suggesting that while MPAs enhance coral cover, their benefits for habitat structural complexity may remain insignificant in the short term (six years). In the NTAs, the contribution of live corals to habitat complexity (28.3%) was lower than that of rubbles (34.4%). Moreover, slow-growing massive corals (e.g., Porites lutea), which usually have low rugosity, contributed a larger portion (up to 20%) to habitat complexity. In contrast, fast-growing, structural complex arborescent corals (e.g., Acropora pruinosa) had a limited contribution (2.3%). Foliose corals, which dominated the coral community also have lower rugosity (1.2 ~ 1.3) compared to massive and arborescent corals, presumably due to phenotypic plasticity in response to specific environmental conditions. This study suggests that prioritizing coral species composition, especially corals with high rugosity, is important for effective reef framework reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Urban equilibrium: legal imperatives for sustainable development and habitat preservation in Shenzhen, China.
- Author
-
Zhanwen, Que and Islam, Md. Ziaul
- Subjects
HABITAT conservation ,WILDLIFE conservation ,HABITATS ,URBAN growth ,WATER supply - Abstract
Shenzhen, a bustling metropolis in China, is currently grappling with the delicate balance between urban expansion and environmental preservation. This study finds that the disintegration of habitats due to urban development in Shenzhen city significantly impacts the ecosystem of animals and plants, detrimentally altering their living conditions. The study results reveal that the expansion of construction land in China has surged by an impressive 84.39% between 2000 and 2020, which has come at the cost of diminishing wetlands, farmland, and woodlands by 57.24%, 16.58%, and 1.86%, respectively. Between 1980–2020, the urban expanse of Shenzhen expanded dramatically, growing from 16.0 square kilometres to 850.2 square kilometres. This transformation was primarily driven by the rapid conversion of forested areas, which saw a staggering decrease of approximately 300% to 780 km
2 by 2020. Additionally, half of Shenzhen's expansion can be attributed to the transformation of agricultural land, with an additional 40% stemming from the clearing of forests and approximately 9% resulting from the decrease in water resources. Furthermore, non-urban green spaces, particularly built-up areas, have significantly expanded, now encompassing approximately 60% of the city in 2018. Therefore, based on the existing literature and authoritative legal texts, this study aims to examine the legal frameworks of the Shenzhen government and, along with China's national legislation, to make room for wildlife and biodiversity conservation in a metropolis like Shenzhen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. A deep dive into the waterbird community of an urban oasis: implications for park management.
- Author
-
Wise, August, Rosener, Anya, Martin, Arina, Cote, Melissa, Hopwood, Christopher D., Schwartz, Elizabeth, Tharp, Riley, and Blake, Stephen
- Subjects
CICONIIFORMES ,WILDLIFE conservation ,WATER depth ,HABITAT conservation ,FOREST reserves - Abstract
The rapid decline in avifauna populations across North America underscores the urgency of implementing effective conservation strategies. While waterfowl species have generally increased in abundance due to investments in habitat restoration and species management, most other waterbird species have declined. In contrast to the widespread decline of natural habitat for waterbirds, urban greenspaces have proliferated. However, the extent to which urban greenspaces provide habitat for waterbirds is largely unknown. We measured waterbird abundance in Forest Park, Saint Louis, which contains a large expanse of restored waterways. Between 2020 and 2022, we used point counts to quantify alpha and beta diversity of waterbirds across five waterbodies. We also quantified several environmental factors hypothesized to influence waterbird presence including weather, bathymetry, water quality, and prey abundance. We assessed environmental drivers of alpha and gamma diversity using generalized linear mixed models, and beta diversity with Jaccard's similarity indices and Mantel tests. Water depth and depth heterogeneity were the strongest determinants of alpha diversity. Measured environmental variables did not predict beta diversity but improved model fit when testing gamma diversity. Forest Park is a regionally important urban habitat for waterbirds, hosting 62% (38 species) of the total regional species pool, including nine species of conservation concern and two state endangered species. Urban parks can contribute to waterbird conservation despite habitat loss elsewhere if park managers prioritize habitat restoration. In addition to the total area of waterways, water depth and water depth homogeneity are important considerations to maximize waterbird species diversity in urban greenspaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Unleashed: walking dogs off the lead greatly increases habitat disturbance in UK lowland heathlands.
- Author
-
Thomas, Rebecca L., Papworth, Sarah K., and Fellowes, Mark D.E.
- Subjects
DOG walking ,DOG owners ,PETS ,HABITAT conservation ,CANIS ,DOGS ,HUMAN-animal relationships - Abstract
Human population growth is associated with increased disturbance to wildlife. This effect is particularly acute in urban and periurban areas, where the area of effective disturbance extends beyond that of human presence by the roaming behaviour of pet dogs. Dogs are globally the dominant companion animal, with a population of ~ 12 million in the UK. As urban areas extend, dogs are exercised in green space close to housing. In southeast and southern England these areas include lowland heath, a habitat of high conservation value. To quantify disturbance caused by dog walkers and their dogs, we used GPS units to track the movement of people and their dogs across four lowland heath sites, used a questionnaire to ask about dog walking habits, and mapped potential areas of disturbance caused by dog walkers. Questionnaires were completed by 798 dog walkers and the walks of 162 owners and their 185 dogs were recorded. Mean (± SE) walk time was 56 ± 23 min, walk distance 3.75 ± 1.68 km and dogs were a median distance of 20 m from the owner during walks. Dogs were walked once (44%) or twice (56%) a day. Most (always: 85%; always or occasionally: 95%) dogs were walked off the lead even when signs were present requesting that dogs were kept on a lead. This resulted in up to a 21% increase in reserve area disturbed. In one reserve (Snelsmore Common), > 90% of the area was disturbed by dogs, greatly eroding its conservation value. This work highlights the importance of considering how dog ownership can exacerbate levels of disturbance in sensitive periurban habitats when housing developments are planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. An integrated framework for habitat restoration in fire-prone areas: part 1 – co-creation of land management scenarios.
- Author
-
Maia, P., Corticeiro, S., Vaz, R., Fernandes, P. M., Valente, S., Keizer, J., Pereira, S. C., and Carvalho, D.
- Subjects
EMERGENCY management ,HABITAT conservation ,FOREST management ,FOREST fires ,LAND management ,FUEL reduction (Wildfire prevention) - Abstract
Background: Recent policy instruments for integrated landscape management in Portugal provide an opportunity to develop strategies that optimise the implementation of global policies at a local scale. Aims: The main objective was to create and define a thorough framework that combines restoration of natural habitats and fire hazard management, to contribute to landscape resilience to fire under climate change. Methods: Ecological modelling was the basis to propose restoration of natural habitats in the area. A participatory approach was developed for the co-creation of alternative land management scenarios, described through Northern Forest Fire Laboratory (NFFL) fuel model maps expressing modified forest cover types. Results: The proposed framework, applied to integrate stakeholders' perceived challenges and opportunities in the land management scenarios, resulted in a decrease in fuel load in forest areas, compared with simulated restoration of native habitats only, without subsequent management. Conclusions: The management of forest structure achieved through forest cover type modification suggests a reduction in wildfire propagation potential, progressively more noticeable with the cumulative management of new and pre-existing forests. Implications: The framework can be used as part of a decision-support tool for forest management and may be implemented in other places where habitat conservation and fire hazard are management concerns. In the context of increasing extreme wildfire events due to climate change, understanding how to manage our forests is crucial for protecting ecosystems and communities. This study developed a comprehensive framework that combines habitat restoration with fire hazard management, showing that integrating stakeholder input can significantly reduce fuel loads in forests. By modifying forest cover types, the approach not only allows lowering wildfire hazard while potentially fostering habitat conservation, serving as a valuable tool to assist decision-makers in forest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Emigration of Juvenile Tarpon Megalops atlanticus from Ephemerally Connected Coastal Ponds.
- Author
-
Bunting, Matthew S., Stevens, Philip W., Blewett, David A., Tuckett, Quenton M., Hill, Jeffrey E., Poulakis, Gregg R., Shea, Colin P., and Saari, Courtney R.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC pressure ,ABSOLUTE sea level change ,HABITAT conservation ,TROPICAL cyclones ,TROPICAL conditions ,COASTAL wetlands - Abstract
Worldwide, coastal wetlands are threatened by disrupted hydrology, urbanization, and sea-level rise. In southwest Florida, coastal wetlands include tidal creeks and coastal ponds, which are the primary habitats used by juvenile Tarpon, Megalops atlanticus, an important sport fish. Coastal ponds can occur near uplands and are ephemerally connected to the open estuary, creating conditions of variable dissolved oxygen and salinity. Juveniles can tolerate wide-ranging abiotic conditions, but little is known about how they egress from their remote nursery habitats, which often requires them to cross > 1 km of mangrove forest to reach the open estuary. The objective of this study was to (1) compare Tarpon body condition among ponds close to the open estuary versus those ponds farther away on the Cape Haze peninsula of Charlotte Harbor, Florida, and (2) using acoustic telemetry determine what factors contribute to Tarpon emigration from the ponds to open estuarine waters. We tested the hypothesis that distinct groups of Tarpon occur in isolated ponds, leading to variation in fish length and body condition, and that opportunities for emigration from these ponds hinge on high water events. No pond stood out as having Tarpon of low body condition. Factors contributing to increased probabilities of Tarpon emigration were low barometric pressure, high-water level, and Tarpon body length. Tarpon emigrated from ponds near tidal creeks during summer king tides, while tropical cyclone conditions were needed to allow for movement from ponds farther in the landscape. The juvenile Tarpon were later detected at the mouths of large rivers 30 km up-estuary. The characterizations of water levels and event criteria needed for successful Tarpon nurseries should aid in habitat conservation and the creation of Tarpon nursery habitat in restoration designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Developing a Calculation Workflow for Designing and Monitoring Urban Ecological Corridors: A Case Study.
- Author
-
Massarelli, Carmine
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE urban development ,ENVIRONMENTAL health ,HABITAT conservation ,FRAGMENTED landscapes ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,CORRIDORS (Ecology) ,BIODIVERSITY conservation - Abstract
Urban ecological corridors play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, connecting fragmented habitats in highly anthropized areas and generating benefits in terms of the sustainability of urban environments. These corridors mitigate the effects of habitat fragmentation, such as reduced genetic diversity and limited species dispersal, while improving the ecological health of urban environments and the well-being of citizens. This study proposes a calculation workflow for the identification of the necessary and most suitable ecological corridors to be planned in the urban-environmental planning phase and identifies some of the existing innovative technologies to evaluate and improve their functionality, enabling the real-time monitoring of habitat conditions and providing valuable information to optimize the design and management of these peri-urban natural areas. Urban ecological corridors also improve human well-being by contributing to cleaner air, better water quality and recreational opportunities to the point that the costs incurred for their construction are much lower than the economic and social benefits for the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Impacts of hydrologic and geomorphic alteration to the availability of shallow, low‐velocity habitats in an intensively managed arid‐land river.
- Author
-
Mortensen, Jacob G., Julien, Pierre Y., Corsi, Brianna, Radobenko, Chelsey, and Anderson, Tristen
- Subjects
WATER management ,AQUATIC habitats ,FISH conservation ,HABITAT conservation ,STREAM restoration - Abstract
This study seeks better understanding of linkages between channel morphology, streamflow, and aquatic habitat for the effective rehabilitation of imperiled species in rivers subjected to intensive water resource management. We focused on the variability of shallow, low‐velocity (SLV) habitat over 50 years for a 56 km reach of the Rio Grande of central New Mexico (Middle Rio Grande). Hydraulic models used topographic data obtained through long‐term systematic monitoring between 1962 and 2012 to derive relationships between discharge and SLV habitat availability. We developed a temporally integrated habitat metric (TIHM) to facilitate quantitative comparisons of SLV habitat availability over seasonal hydrologic periods (base flow, spring runoff, and summer low flow) for selected years representative of contemporary discharge variations. Results showed that SLV habitat availability, as captured by TIHM values, decreased on average by 83% over the study period (1962–2012), corresponding to completion of the Cochiti Dam (1973), which profoundly altered flow and sediment regimes. Resulting channel incision and floodplain disconnection, caused shifts in discharge‐habitat relationships whereby increases in SLV habitat availability in the modern channel were strictly maximized at the upper range of modeled discharges (200 m3 s−1)—discharges greater than 100 m3 s−1 are infrequent today. Ecological implications of losses to SLV habitat availability include recovery of the federally endangered Rio Grande Silvery Minnow Hybognathus amarus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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