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BackgroundMethodological limitations affect a significant number of oncology and haematology trials, raising concerns about the applicability of their results. For example, a suboptimal control arm or limited access to best care upon progression may skew the trial results toward a benefit in the experimental arm. Beyond the fact that such limitations do not prevent drugs reaching the market, other assessment tools, such as those developed by professional societies-ESMO-MCBS and ASCO Value Framework-do not integrate these important shortcomings.MethodsWe propose creating a novel framework with the scope of assessing registration cancer clinical trials in haematology and oncology (randomized or single arm)-that is trials leading to a marketing authorization. The main steps of the methods are (1) assembling a scientific board; (2) defining the scope, goal and methods through pre-specified, pre-registered and protocolized methodology; (3) preregistration of the protocol; (4) conducting a scoping review of limitations and biases affecting oncology trials and assessing existing scores or methods; (5) developing a list of features to be included and assessed within the framework; (6) assessing each feature through a questionnaire sent to highly cited haematologists and oncologists involved in clinical trials; and (7) finalizing the first version of framework.ResultsNot applicable.ConclusionsOur proposal emerged in response to the lack of consideration for key limitations in current trial assessments. The goal is to create a framework specifically designed to assess single trials leading to marketing authorization in the field of oncology and haematogy.

To provide age- and sex-specific paediatric reference intervals (RIs) for 13 haematological parameters analysed on Sysmex XN-9000 and compare different methods for estimating RIs after indirect sampling. Via the Danish Laboratory Information System, we conducted a population-based study. We identified samples from children aged 0–18 years analysed at Aarhus University Hospital from 2019 to 2023, including samples from general practitioners only. Information about all parameters were available for all samples via linkage to the local laboratory middleware. Then, we applied two different methods. First, we excluded potential pathological samples by predefined criteria: if the child had other abnormal blood measurements at date of request, or had a blood sample of any type analysed in the period two months before to two months after. We estimated RIs stratified by age- and sex using the non-parametric percentile method. Second, we used refineR (an open source automated algorithm) to exclude pathological samples and for RI estimation. Finally, we compared our data to results from a study using the direct method. We identified 22,786 samples. After exclusion by predefined criteria, the population comprised 10,199 samples from 8,736 children (57 % of samples were from females and median age was 13 years). We estimated RIs for red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet indices. The two different methods showed agreement. Furthermore, our data provided results comparable to direct sampling. Our study provided age- and sex-specific paediatric RIs for 13 haematology parameters useful for laboratories worldwide. RIs were robust using different methods in the framework of indirect sampling. Finally, our data showed agreement with the direct method, indicating that indirect sampling could be useful for establishing RIs on haematology parameters in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The routine diagnostic process increasingly entails the processing of high-volume and high-dimensional data that cannot be directly visualised. This processing may provide scaling issues that limit the implementation of these types of data into research as well as integrated diagnostics in routine care. Here, we investigate whether we can use existing dimension reduction techniques to provide visualisations and analyses for a complete bloodcount (CBC) while maintaining representativeness of the original data. We considered over 3 million CBC measurements encompassing over 70 parameters of cell frequency, size and complexity from the UMC Utrecht UPOD database. We evaluated PCA as an example of a linear dimension reduction techniques and UMAP, TriMap and PaCMAP as non-linear dimension reduction techniques. We assessed their technical performance using quality metrics for dimension reduction as well as biological representation by evaluating preservation of diurnal, age and sex patterns, cluster preservation and the identification of leukemia patients. Results: We found that, for clinical hematology data, PCA performs systematically better than UMAP, TriMap and PaCMAP in representing the underlying data. Biological relevance was retained for periodicity in the data. However, we also observed a decrease in predictive performance of the reduced data for both age and sex, as well as an overestimation of clusters within the reduced data. Finally, we were able to identify the diverging patterns for leukemia patients after use of dimensionality reduction methods. Conclusions: We conclude that for hematology data, the use of unsupervised dimension reduction techniques should be limited to data visualization applications, as implementing them in diagnostic pipelines may lead to decreased quality of integrated diagnostics in routine care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated haematological values for New Zealand’s two extant endemic bats, the long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) and the lesser short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata), to determine whether differences in locomotion and ecology between these species might be reflected in the species’ haematology. The two species differed significantly in their ease of obtaining a blood sample, with long-tailed bats bleeding freely from the uropatagial vein. Obtaining a sample from the same location was highly problematic in short-tailed bats, although small samples could be obtained from the median vein. Males of both species tended to have slightly higher packed cell volumes, but haematological variables did not differ significantly between sexes. However, erythrocytes of the lesser short-tailed bat were smaller and more numerous than those of the long-tail bat and smaller than those of any bat studied to date. Whole blood haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration were greater in lesser short-tailed bats than long-tail bats, providing for slightly greater oxygen carrying capacity. Whether these differences in the haematology of the lesser short-tailed bat are adaptations to terrestrial locomotion in this species or related to other aspects of the ecology of this unusual bat are unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While thrombocytopenia's link to mortality is known, the prognostic impact of longitudinal trajectories of platelet indices in combination with analysis of thrombocytopenia's mediating role remains unexplored. This is the first study that addresses this significant gap by investigating the association between seven platelet indices trajectory subphenotypes and ICU mortality, considering thrombocytopenia's mediating influence. Four hundred and twenty-one adult ICU patients were enrolled in this longitudinal cohort study. Three trajectories were identified for each platelet index, namely: descending, stable, and ascending, and using a regression, receiver-operating characteristic curve, and mediation analysis, their associations with 90-day mortality were evaluated with the mediating effect of thrombocytopenia. The findings were adjusted (prefixed 'a') for covariates. The heterogeneous trajectories significantly associated with 90-day mortality included: descending platelet count (PC) [aOR, 2.75 (CI, 1.56–4.85), p = 0.0005, aAUC, 0.783], descending plateletcrit (PCT) [aOR, 3.49 (CI, 1.88–6.46), p = 0.0001, aAUC, 0.802], ascending platelet distribution width (PDW) [aOR, 2.04 (CI, 1.13–3.71), p = 0.0188, aAUC, 0.776], and ascending percent-immature platelet fraction (%-IPF) [aOR, 2.25 (CI, 1.29–3.94), p = 0.0045, aAUC, 0.778], with 11.6% (p = 0.027), 12.0% (p = 0.019), 22.1% (p = 0.011), and 15.9% (p = 0.024) effects mediated by thrombocytopenia, respectively. In contrast, ascending mean platelet volume (MPV) was significantly and independently associated with mortality [aOR, 3.04 (CI, 1.45–6.39), p = 0.0033, aAUC, 0.781], without the effect mediated by thrombocytopenia (p = 0.056). The trajectories of platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) and absolute-immature platelet count (A-IPF) were not significantly associated with the risk of mortality (p > 0.05). This study demonstrated that descending PC and PCT and ascending PDW and %-IPF, mediated by thrombocytopenia, and ascending MPV, without mediation by thrombocytopenia, are useful longitudinal trajectories for predicting 90-day mortality in the ICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delayed wound healing is a complication of diabetes that may be associated with haemato- biochemical changes. This study evaluated the haemato-biochemical responses during wound healing in diabetic rabbits. Sixteen New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits used for this study were grouped into four (four rabbits each). A (Non diabetic and no wound); B (Diabetic and no wound); C (Wound created and Non-Diabetic) and D (Wound created and diabetic). Diabetes was induced using alloxan monohydrate, while skin wound was created in a standard aseptic conditions. Blood samples were collected from the rabbits from days 0 to 28 for haematological and serum biochemical analyses. The red blood cell counts of group C rabbits from days 3 to 28 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than group B rabbits. The packed cell volume in group B rabbits decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from days 7 to 28 across the groups. The neutrophil values of group B rabbits decreased significantly (P < 0.05) on day 7 compared across the groups. The total proteins of group B rabbits on day 3 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than others across the groups. The increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values of rabbits in other groups were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control group. Alloxan monohydrate-induced Diabetes disrupted the normal haemato-biochemical responses to wound healing by causing neutropaenia, anaemia, hypoproteinemia, and increase in BUN and creatinine values of the rabbits, which resulted in delayed wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haemato-biochemical parameters serve as an excellent marker of the overall health condition of fish species and their reaction to biological and ecological factors. The main goal of this study was to determine the sex-specific reference values for blood and serum biochemistry parameters in Schizothorax richardsonii, an economically valuable fish species found in the Indus tributary of Ladakh Trans-Himalayan region. To get the necessary data, blood samples were obtained from the fish population between the months of May and October in the years 2021 and 2022. Throughout the duration of the investigation, a total of 180 samples were collected, consisting of 100 males and 80 females. Several parameters, including haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), total protein, albumin, glucose, urea and cholesterol, were examined. The reference intervals were determined employing Reference Value Advisor v2.1 software. The haematological and biochemical findings revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between males and females. Males had considerably (p < 0.05) higher levels of Hb, RBC, PCV and serum glucose than females, who, in turn, had significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of WBC and serum cholesterol. However, there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) seen in the values of MCH, MCHC and MCV between males and females. The study presents significant data on the haematological and serum biochemical reference intervals of S. richardsonii. This information may prove useful in the monitoring of the species' metabolic balance, the assessment of its current state of health and the conduct of future comparative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a respiratory disease that can range in presentation from mild symptoms to severe conditions such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA virus, spreads through aerosols and respiratory droplets. It enters human cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, leading to various complications, including significant alterations in red blood cells and potential disruptions in haemoglobin function and oxygen transport. During infection, the interaction between hypoxia, inflammation, and haematopoiesis affects erythropoiesis at multiple levels. Hypoxia and inflammation, resulting from lung complications and a reduced red blood cell count, influence the regulation of hepcidin, a key regulator of iron levels in the blood. Elevated hepcidin levels are associated with hypoxia and the suppression of erythroferrone, a hormone that normally inhibits hepcidin production. Despite high levels of inflammation, patients in intensive care units often exhibit elevated ferritin levels, which, rather than indicating low hepcidin, suggest disrupted iron metabolism and the development of severe anaemia. Iron is kept in stores, likely due to paradoxically high hepcidin levels, which explains the elevated ferritin measurements. An increase in immature blood cells and a decrease in CD71+ erythroid cells are observed. The elevated levels of CD71+ erythroid cells highlight their dual role in modulating hyper-inflammation and immune response during disease progression. This review examines the pathway by which SARS-CoV-2 affects red blood cell production and the haematopoietic system and how it triggers cytokine storms through interleukins, immature blood cells, and CD71+ erythroid cells. Understanding these processes provides novel pathways for managing haematological manifestations and immune responses in patients with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) has a high mortality rate within the first weeks to months of diagnosis. Identifying dogs at increased risk of death may help guide decision-making for owners and veterinarians. Prior studies have identified several but inconsistent prognostic factors. The objectives of the study were to describe the clinical presentation and outcome of canine immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia in Ireland and to assess for independent factors associated with survival including long-term survival. Medical records from a single centre were reviewed between 2002 and 2020 to identify dogs with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia using the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) consensus statement algorithm. Survival analysis was performed using univariable Cox proportional hazards regression models with Breslow method for ties to identify prognostic factors. Results One hundred and four cases were included. The diagnosis of immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia was classified as definitive, supportive and suspicious in 42 (40%), 50 (48%), and 12 dogs (12%) respectively. Twentytwo dogs (21%) were diagnosed with associative IMHA and 82 dogs were diagnosed with non-associative IMHA (79%). 65% of the cases received more than one immunosuppressive medication during the course of treatment. The mortality rate at one and three months was 16% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9–26) and 31% (95% CI 21–43) respectively. Excluding dogs that died within three months, the median survival time was 2664 days. The relapse rate during the follow-up period was 7%. Survival did not improve over the course of the study period. Thrombocytopenia and hyperbilirubinaemia were identified as negative prognostic indicators (Hazard ratio 2.2 and 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–4.1 and 1.1–5.6, respectively). Conclusions Excluding dogs that died within three months, the outcome was good in dogs with non-associative immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia in Ireland. The relapse rate was low regardless of the presence of associative causes. Thrombocytopenia and hyperbilirubinaemia were the only independent negative prognostic factors. The one-month and three-month mortality rates were similar compared to prior studies and survival did not improve over time during the study period: the mortality rate of canine immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia remains high in the acute phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Malaria remains a major global health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), contributing substantially to mortality and morbidity rates. In resource-limited settings, access to specialized diagnostic tests is often restricted, making basic blood analysis a valuable diagnostic tool. This study investigated the correlation between malaria infection and full blood count values in a rural region of Ghana during the 2022 rainy season, aiming to highlight diagnostic insights available from routine blood analyses. Methods: A retrospective case-control analysis was conducted on 544 confirmed malaria cases, comparing their blood values with those of matched malaria-negative controls. Results: Parasitaemia levels peaked during the rainy season, with July showing the highest values. Malaria-positive patients exhibited lower levels of haemoglobin, white blood cells, lymphocytes, and platelets, but higher neutrophil counts compared to controls. Middle-aged women had significantly lower haemoglobin levels than men, and younger individuals showed higher parasitaemia levels. A negative correlation was found between Plasmodium density and haemoglobin and platelet counts, while positive correlations were observed with white blood cell and neutrophil counts. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant burden of malaria in rural Ghana during the rainy season and underscores the impact of infection on blood values. Routine full blood count analysis provides a practical and accessible diagnostic tool in resource-limited settings. The findings emphasise the importance of targeted interventions for high-risk groups, particularly children and women, to improve patient management and reduce malaria-related morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abundance of chemical elements in the blood of horses can indicate the physiological balance, health of animal as well as can be taken as an indicator of environmental pollution. The aim of this work was to analyse haematological, biochemical parameters, TOS, FRAP, SOD, Gpx, TAS and their correlations with concentrations of essential and risk elements in blood of horses stabled in two different locations: The National Stud Farm Topoľčianky (n = 11; 11 stallions, consisting of the breeds 6 Lipizzan, 3 Slovak warmblood, 2 Holsteiner) and Experimental Centre at Institute of Animal Husbandry, SUA in Nitra (n = 10; 4 stallions, 5 geldings, 1 mare, 4 stallions, 5 geldings and 1 mare, consisting of the breeds 3 Slovak warmblood, 4 Czech warmblood, 3 Holsteiner). Blood samples were obtained from horses (n = 21) from two localities in the Slovak Republic during May. The haematological profiles of horses from both locations were within reference values. The values of biochemical parameters of horse samples that underwent analysis showed only minor deviations from the referential values reported by several authors. Fe was the most accumulated elements (383.95 mg/L and 403.61 mg/L, respectively). Finally, this investigation based on correlation analyses identified essential and risk elements in horse blood serum and significant negative correlation between Cd and GRA, HGB and HCT was observed in The National Stud Farm Topoľčianky and a positive correlation was recorded between Zn and total proteins in the Experimental Centre at Institute of Animal Husbandry, SUA Nitra. The obtained data could be used as a control indicator to identify risk hazards related to the heavy metals in relation to the health of animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Background Objectives Study design Methods Results Conclusion Regular exercise benefits horses' overall health; yet data on long‐term physiological adaptations in polo horses remains limited.The study aimed to compare the clinical, haematology and serum biochemical profiles of polo and sedentary horses.Cross‐sectional study.Forty adult mares (20 sedentary and 20 polo), aged 10–15 years, were evaluated. The polo horses had competed in three major high‐goal and nine medium/low‐goal tournaments in the previous 12 months and received daily exercise, while the sedentary horses were for leisure and kept in their stalls most of the time with no physical activity. The study evaluated the following clinical parameters at rest: respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein via 10 mL syringes and analysed for haematological and biochemical parameters. Independent t test was used for statistical analysis, with a p ≤ 0.05 considered significant.Polo horses showed significantly lower (p < 0.05) resting respiratory rate, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure compared to sedentary horses. Haematologically, polo horses exhibited higher (p < 0.05) packed cell volume (37.2 ± 5.9% vs. 33.1 ± 3.0%), haemoglobin (12.1 ± 2.1 vs. 10.8 ± 1.0 g/dL), red blood cells (5.9 ± 1.1 vs. 5.2 ± 0.8 × 106/μL) and platelets (127.4 ± 17.7 vs. 108.1 ± 20.5 × 109/μL). Biochemically, polo horses demonstrated higher (p < 0.05) total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, total bilirubin, creatine kinase, and high‐density lipoprotein, while showing lower (p < 0.05) aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglycerides and low‐density lipoprotein. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in rectal temperature, diastolic blood pressure, most white blood cell parameters, glucose, electrolytes and several other biochemical markers.Regular polo training induces favourable physiological adaptations. Future research should track these changes longitudinally and inform improved training and care strategies for equine athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a prevalent global health issue, primarily caused by bacterial infections. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical to preventing complications like pyelonephritis and mitigating the risk of recurrent infections that can lead to permanent scarring. Aim: To investigate the haematological parameters in patients with confirmed UTIs, comparing them with non UTI counterparts and discerning variations in haematological parameters between UTIs caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial organisms. Materials and Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (tertiary care centre), Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India between January 2023 and July 2023, included 105 culture-positive UTI cases and 105 age- and gender-matched culture-negative controls. Cases included patients over 12 years of age with confirmed UTIs, while exclusions for both groups included pregnancy, individuals under 12 and those with haematological disorders. Controls were also excluded if they had diabetes or chronic kidney disease. Urine cultures on blood and MacConkey agar identified pathogens such as E. coli, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus and Citrobacter. Grampositive isolates included Enterococci species, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Haematological parameters such as Haemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cell Count (WBC), platelet count, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) and Plateletcrit (PCT) were analysed using an automated haematology analyser. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0 with significance set at p-value <0.05. Results: The UTI patients exhibited lower Hb and higher WBC, platelet count, MPV, RDW, PDW and PCT compared to controls. Gram-positive UTI infections showed higher WBC count, platelet counts, RDW, PDW and PCT, but lower MPV compared to gram-negative UTI infections. E. coli and Enterococcus were the predominant gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, respectively, reflecting distinct haematological profiles. These results highlight distinct immune and haematological profiles in UTI patients, depending on the infecting organism. Conclusion: The UTI patients exhibited lower Hb and higher WBC, platelet count, MPV, RDW, PDW and PCT compared to controls. Gram-positive UTI infections showed higher WBC count, platelet counts, RDW, PDW and PCT, but lower MPV compared to gram-negative UTI infections. E. coli and Enterococcus were the predominant gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, respectively, reflecting distinct haematological profiles. These results highlight distinct immune and haematological profiles in UTI patients, depending on the infecting organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hemophilia A presents a significant health challenge in the Gulf region, where it has an especially high prevalence. There are several unmet needs associated with the management of hemophilia A in the region. The aim of this manuscript was to contextualize unmet management needs, provide recommendations to optimize care, and specify requirements for the establishment of gene therapy centers in the region. Summary: An expert panel was assembled comprising ten clinical hematologists from Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. The Delphi methodology was used to obtain a consensus on statements relating to several aspects of hemophilia A. A consensus was reached for all statements by means of an online, anonymized voting system. The consensus statements pertain to screening and diagnosis, treatment approaches, and requirements for the implementation of gene therapy. Key Messages: There are significant challenges that hinder the optimal management of hemophilia A in the Gulf region. The consensus statements presented provide specific recommendations to improve diagnostic and treatment approaches, promote multidisciplinary care, and optimize regional data generation and reporting. These statements also delineate the requirements for the establishment of gene therapy centers for hemophilia A in the region. Background: Hemophilia A presents a significant health challenge in the Gulf region, where it has an especially high prevalence. There are several unmet needs associated with the management of hemophilia A in the region. The aim of this manuscript was to contextualize unmet management needs, provide recommendations to optimize care, and specify requirements for the establishment of gene therapy centers in the region. Summary: An expert panel was assembled comprising ten clinical hematologists from Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. The Delphi methodology was used to obtain a consensus on statements relating to several aspects of hemophilia A. A consensus was reached for all statements by means of an online, anonymized voting system. The consensus statements pertain to screening and diagnosis, treatment approaches, and requirements for the implementation of gene therapy. Key Messages: There are significant challenges that hinder the optimal management of hemophilia A in the Gulf region. The consensus statements presented provide specific recommendations to improve diagnostic and treatment approaches, promote multidisciplinary care, and optimize regional data generation and reporting. These statements also delineate the requirements for the establishment of gene therapy centers for hemophilia A in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Haematological malignancies and their treatment regimens often lead to various complications that impair patients' physical functioning. This study aimed to assess the level of physical activity and exercise capacity in patients with haematological malignancies who were qualified for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods: A prospective, single-centre study was conducted on patients with haematological malignancies qualified for HSCT (study group, n = 103) and a cohort of healthy volunteers (reference group, n = 100). The assessment protocol included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Results: The median age was 57 years in the study group and 56 years in the reference group. In the IPAQ assessment, at least 50% of the study group reported no engagement in moderate or intense physical activity. In the 6MWT, the study group demonstrated a significantly shorter walking distance compared to the reference group (p < 0.0001). Factors such as group membership (study vs. reference group), age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were found to have a significant impact on 6MWT performance. No significant differences were observed in IPAQ or 6MWT results among subgroups within the study group when categorized by diagnosis. Conclusions: Patients with haematological malignancies who qualified for HSCT often show physical activity levels below recommended standards, which can negatively impact their ability to endure physical exertion. Insufficient activity prior to transplantation may contribute to reduced exercise capacity. Therefore, prehabilitation programmes aimed at improving physical activity and structured exercise should be an integral part of their care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative option for relapse/refractory (R/R) lymphomas that have failed autologous transplantation or for high-risk lymphomas in the upfront setting. We conducted a retrospective analysis on consecutive lymphoma patients who underwent allo-HSCT over a 20-year period (2003-- 2022) at Singapore General Hospital and National University Hospital Singapore. Method: A total of 121 patients were included in the study. Median age was 41 years. Diagnoses include Hodgkin lymphoma (HL, 15%), B-cell non- Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL, 34%), T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T-NHL, 31%) and natural killer T-cell lymphoma (NKTL, 20%). Moreover, 27% of patients had prior auto-haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT), and 84% received reduced intensity conditioning (RIC). Donor types were matched sibling donor (45%), matched unrelated donor (29%), haploidentical donor (19%) and cord blood (CB, 7%). Results: After median follow-up of 56 months, estimated 4-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for all patients were 38% and 45%, respectively. Non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 15% at day 100 and 24% at 1 year. On univariate analysis, complete remission status at transplant and RIC confers superior OS. On multivariate analysis, HL was associated with superior OS compared to NHL, whereas matched unrelated donor transplant was associated with significantly inferior OS compared to matched sibling donor. Conclusion: Long-term curative durability was observed with allo-HSCT for patients with relapsed/ refractory lymphomas. This real-world data serves as a valuable historical benchmark for future studies on lymphomas in Singapore and the Asia Pacific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effects of phospholipids (PLs) supplemented diets on the growth, blood metrics, reproductive indices, and fatty acid profiles of male Pangasius nasutus (shark catfish) broodstock, a commercially valuable freshwater fish species. Over a 90-day feeding trial, four groups of fish were placed in a large open earthen pond within 4 cages with a control group. Each cage housed 15 fish, with an initial average weight of 643±0.34g and an average length of 43.3±0.12 cm. These fish were fed different levels of PLs (0, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%) in their diets twice daily, at 7:00 am and 6:00 pm, to satiation. The results showed that PLs supplementation significantly improved some of the biological indices, such as hepatosomatic index, coelomic fat index, feed conversion ratio, and survival rate. PLs supplementation also influenced the blood metrics, such as red blood cell count, haematocrit, haemoglobin, and white blood cell count. PLs supplementation significantly improved reproductive indices, including GSI, elevated 11-ketotestosterone production, and altered fatty acid profiles in male P. nasutus. These findings suggest PLs potential to enhance reproductive performance and fish nutrition, both of which are critical to aquaculture production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the sustainability challenges associated with the usage of fishmeal (FM) in aquafeed, bambara groundnut (BG) protein concentrate (BGPC) was investigated as FM substitute in the diets of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Protein from BG was precipitated at its iso-electric point and the product was used to replace FM at 0 (Control, BGPC0), 33 (BGPC33), 66 (BGPC66) and 100% (BGPC100). The diets, which contained similar crude protein (40%) and energy (19.5kJ/g), were fed to three groups of juveniles C. gariepinus (mean weight, 10.07±0.02g) for 45 days. The growth performance of the group fed BGPC66 was similar (P>0.05) to other groups. Feed utilization parameters were identical (P>0.05) across groups. Lymphocytes increased significantly (P<0.05) in the BGPC-fed groups compared to the control. The BGPC100-fed group had higher (P<0.05) total protein and globulin than the control group. Hepatic and serum aspartic (AST) and alanine (ALT) transaminases, serum glucose and respiratory burst activity were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by dietary BGPC. Intestinal amylase activity was significantly (P<0.05) lowered by supplementing 66 and 100% BGPC in C. gariepinus diet. This study revealed that up to 66% of FM can be substituted by BGPC in feed for C. gariepinus without eliciting significant growth, nutrient metabolism and health compromise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To appreciate the importance of providing regular late-effects holistic reviews for patients who have received haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) • To read about the results of an audit that identified the concerns of patients who have received HSCT • To recognise that prehabilitation is vital to enable patients to develop physical and emotional resilience and potentially avoid complications post-HSCT. As survival rates among patients receiving haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) improve, there is increased recognition of patients’ long-term needs. In Sheffield, the post-HSCT needs of patients are evaluated in a nurse-led late-effects service through a holistic needs assessment using the Sheffield Profile for Assessment and Referral to Care (SPARC) questionnaire. An audit of SPARC data was undertaken to identify common concerns among 61 patients after receiving HSCT; 80% had reported moderate or severe distress caused by a physical symptom, most commonly tiredness, and 56% had reported moderate or severe distress caused by a psychological issue, most commonly anxiety. The proportion of patients reporting moderate or severe distress was significantly higher among those aged <50 years regarding changes in appearance, worry about the effect of illness on family and others and feeling misunderstood. The audit confirms the importance of the routine holistic assessment of patients’ post-HSCT needs and the provision of an individualised care plan promoting recovery. It also reinforces the importance of prehabilitation to prevent post-HSCT complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with organic selenium (OR-Se) and/or vitamins C and E on the rectal temperature (Rectal-T), growth performance, carcase yield, intestinal morphology, plasma thyroid hormone levels, and antioxidant status of broilers reared in hot environmental conditions. Under heat stress conditions (29.4 to 33.6 °C), 360 Arbour Acres chicks were fed in a (2 × 3) factorial design with two dietary levels of organic selenium (0 and 0.6 mg/kg) and three dietary levels of a mix of vitamins C and E (0, 200 and 250 mg/kg). Chicks were randomly assigned to six treatments (T) with three replicates of 20 birds each: the 1st group (T1): basal diet with no supplementation (control group); the 2nd group (T2): basal diet supplemented with 0.6 mg OR-Se/kg; the 3rd group (T3): basal diet with a mixture of vitamins C and E, 200 mg of each/kg diet (Vita-Mix A); the 4th group (T4): basal diet with a mixture of vitamins C and E, 250 mg of each/kg diet (Vita-Mix B); the 5th group (T5): basal diet with (Vita-Mix A) + 0.6 mg OR-Se/kg diet; the 6th group (T6): basal diet with Vita-Mix B and 0.6 mg OR-Se/kg diet for a five-week feeding period. Results showed that chicks fed diets supplemented with OR-Se and/or vitamins (C, E) had lower (p

Summary Background Alterations in haematological, biochemical parameters and cytokine levels, were reported in patients with COVID-19, however, there is an underrepresentation of the African population, which could provide evidence for understanding SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and useful tools for clinical management of cases. In this study, we aimed to determine the haematological, biochemical and cytokine profile in Mozambican individuals with SARS-CoV-2. Methods A cohort of 85 Mozambican individuals with RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 results, was stratified into negative, asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe categories. Haematological, biochemical and cytokines measurement were performed on samples from the study participants. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify similar patterns among the study cases. Comparisons between groups were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) analysis were conducted to evaluate the ability of these parameters to distinguish severe from non-severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a significant (p 0.05) in red blood cell count, haemoglobin, platelets and other red series parameters. At the serum level, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with an increase in serum levels of C-reactive protein (C-RP) and glucose above the reference values and to a significant reduction a significant (p

Abstract High‐dose melphalan followed by stem cell rescue is the standard consolidative therapy for transplant‐eligible patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in the United Kingdom. A melphalan dose of 200 mg/m2 (Mel200) is considered the “gold standard” for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) conditioning for fit patients ≤70 years old; however, with a peak diagnosis incidence at 80–89 years old in the UK dose adjustments will be inevitable to limit toxicities. In this single‐centre UK‐based retrospective analysis, data was collected from patients with plasma cell dyscrasias who underwent a first reduced‐intensity, Mel140, ASCT from 2006 to 2019, a total of 81 patients. We found that the procedure was overall safe with seven (9%) of patients requiring ITU admission and a single transplant‐related death within the initial autograft admission. The progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival were comparable with those previously reported in the literature with median PFS for our cohort of 31 months. Univariate analysis of our data showed an inferior PFS for patients aged ≥70 years. In conclusion, although this is a retrospective analysis, it demonstrates that dose‐reduced melphalan conditioning is safe and effective in patients deemed unfit for standard‐intensity conditioning.

1. Dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) has been used to minimise problems in broiler chickens raised in warm climates. However, there is a need to determine the most appropriate DEB levels in these animals 2. This study evaluated the influence of five DEB levels (110, 175, 240, 305 and 370 mEq/kg) on water intake (WI), zootechnical performance (feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio), tibiotarsus bone variables (fresh bone weight, dry bone weight, bone length, mineral matter, Seedor index and bone strength) and intestinal histomorphometry (villus height (VH) and width (VW), crypt height (CH) and width (CW), internal and external muscularis) on broilers in two developmental phases (1–21 and 22–42 d of age). Additionally, the haematological profile (blood count and serum biochemistry), carcass yield, cuts and abdominal fat were assessed. 3. Applying 370 mEq/kg DEB increased WI, VW in the jejunum and ileum and number of haemocytes at 21 d, while WI and VW in the duodenum and ileum at 42 d. In contrast, 110 mEq/kg increased chlorine concentrations at 21 d and leukocyte and heterophil numbers at 42 d. 4. In summary, the 370 mEq/kg level was the most appropriate for broiler homoeostasis raised under natural heat stress, as the best results were found on WI and VW variables. Therefore, this DEB level was recommended in broilers aged 21 or 42 d. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted during January-December, 2022 at the Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Kamdhenu University, Anand, Gujarat, India to study the normal values of haematological and biochemical parameters in both males and females of P. giganteus and C. spinx. In the study period, samples were collected from different district of Gujarat viz., Ahmedabad, Navsari and Valsad. In which two species of the fruit bats, P. gigantus (n=4) and C.sphinx (n=10) were screened for the morphometric identification. Based on morphometry both the species were identified. The haematology was performed in 27 fruit bats (Pteropus giganteus, n=13; Cynopterus sphinx, n=14) and biochemical analysis was carried out in 28 fruit bats (Pteropus giganteus, n=16; Cynopterus sphinx, n=12). In haematology, mean Hb, PCV and TLC were observed higher in P. gigantus than C. sphinx, whereas the value of TEC was lower. Between the species and sexes, hemoglobin and packed cell volume (PCV) values were comparatively equal, indicating similar oxygen-carrying capacity. In serum biochemistry, mean value of Creatinine, ALT, Total protein and BUN was observed higher in P. gigantus, whereas the AST was found high in C.sphinx. In comparison between male and female, the higher value of Creatinine and Total protein were found in male, whereas ALT, AST and BUN was found higher in female. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted in the year 2021 at wet laboratory, Advanced Research Farm Facility, Dr. M.G.R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, TNJFU, Madhavaram, Tamil Nadu, India to investigate the effect of inulin on the growth performance, haematology, carcass composition, intestinal microbiota and histology alterations of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT). Four experimental diets were designed to incorporated inulin at 0 (basal diet), 0.5 g kg-1, 1.0 g kg-1 and 1.5 g kg-1. Fish with an initial mean weight of 0.85±0.02 g were allotted 12 tanks of 50 L capacity at a density of 20 fish per tank and fed with 5% of their body weight, two times a day. At the end of the experiment, the growth performance, feed utilization and haematology parameters were improved in fish fed with inulin at 1.5 g kg-1 of diet compared to control and other dietary treatments. A diet with 1.5 g kg-1 of inulin improved the total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the intestine of GIFT. The addition of inulin altered the intestine and liver histology. In the intestine, villi are short and dilated in fish fed with inulin on the 60th day, whereas hepatocytes and sinusoids showed vacuolation and congestion in the liver in fish fed with inulin on the 30th and 60th day. No histological change was observed in the gill. Substantially dietary inulin at 1.5 g kg-1 had beneficial effects on the growth performance, haematology and intestinal microbiota of GIFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outbred stocks of mice are widely used in pre-clinical research as these animals possess a diversified genetic background when compared with inbred strains of mice. It is crucial to assess particular alterations in the physiological and functional profiles of laboratory animals using haematological and biochemical indicators. These values can also differ between laboratories because they are influenced by many different factors. We aimed to provide normal values and reference intervals for selected haematology and biochemistry analytes of 570 ICR mice at three different ages: 6–8 weeks, 10–14 weeks and 6–9 months. Reference values were calculated by non-parametric methods. For comparisons between sexes, the independent-sample t -test and Mann–Whitney test were employed, and analysis of variance was used for age differences. The findings of the study revealed age-related declines in haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations. Mice aged 6–9 months had statistically higher platelet counts in their blood than mice of other ages. The white blood cell count had a significant age effect and progressively decreased with age. As mice get older, the percentage of neutrophils, monocytes and basophils increases, but the percentage of lymphocytes decreases. For the biochemical values, age-related significant differences in glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and albumin concentrations were found. It was also found that creatinine concentrations were comparable across all age ranges. The values presented in the present work can be used as a reference to interpret clinical pathology data for other studies and to evaluate health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium intoxication may arise from environmental pollution and cause bone and nervous system disorders. The phytochemical composition of ethanol extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves (EEBP) with its effects on haematopoietic indices and bone marrow histology of cadmium-intoxicated rats was investigated. Twenty-four male albino rats were grouped for four treatments: Group 1 - normal control, Group 2 - 5 mg kg-1 bodyweight CdCl2, Groups 3 and 5 - 200 and 400 mg kg-1 body weight EEBP, while Groups 4 and 6 received 5 mg kg-1 bodyweight CdCl2 and treated with 200 and 400 mg kg-1 bodyweight EEBP respectively for 14 days. Feed and water were given ad libitum. Six bioactive compounds were obtained with 2H-Benzocyclohepten-2-one, decahydro-9a-methyl-, trans-13-octadecanoic acid methyl ester (35.81%) being the most abundant. The extract-treated groups showed a significant increase in haemoglobin (from 10.61 to 10.78 mmol L-1), packed cell volume (41.75%), red (6.36-6.42 × 106 mm3), and total white blood cells counts (17.30-19.25 × 106 mm³). The cadmium-intoxicated groups treated with 200 and 400 mg kg-1 body weight of EEBP showed a mild reduction in progenitor cells in the bone marrow. The results suggest that EEBP possesses potent bioactive compounds and nutrients that could improve hematological properties and attenuate bone marrow degeneration in cadmium-intoxicated rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diesel fuel is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons obtained and used in various applications, such as motorboats, heavy equipment, generators, trucks, buses, and trains. However, the emissions from diesel engines contribute to air pollution and compromise air quality. This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Moringa oleifera on diesel-induced changes on cardiovascular parameters. A total of 25 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: group A (negative control); group B (exposed to diesel fumes only); group C (treated with Moringa extract and later exposed to diesel fumes); group D (exposed to diesel fumes and later treated with Moringa extract); and group E (treated with Moringa extract only). Forty (40) mg/kg/rat of 80% methanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and 0.008 cm³/min/rat of fumes from liquid diesel were used as dosage of extract and volume of fumes respectively. The haematology showed polycythemia in the exposed group. Serum biochemical analysis revealed hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hyperchloremia, and hypercalcemia in the exposed groups. The result also revealed an increase in cardiac troponin-I concentration. In conclusion, exposure to diesel fumes caused changes in cardiovascular parameters, likewise prophylactic and therapeutic administration of Moringa oleifera leaf extract showed a promising result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to evaluate the toxicological effects of aqueous extract of roasted Senna occidentalis seeds in rats. The acute toxicity was performed according to Lorke's method. For the evaluation of the effects of roasted S. occidentalis seeds on the haematology, hepatorenal functions and organ histopathology of albino rats, 24 adult male and female rats were divided into four groups of twelve (six males and six female) rats each respectively as follows: 1 (control group given only water), 2 (0.1.0% S. occidentalis seed powder), 3 (0.5% S. occidentalis seed powder), and 4 (1.0% S. occidentalis seed powder). Changes in body weight and food consumption as well as death were observed. In addition, the haematology, kidney and liver function, as well as the histological features, were evaluated. The results showed that S. occidentalis roasted seed extract did not cause mortality or behaviour alterations in the rats. There were no significant changes in body weight, food consumption, biochemical and haematological parameters as well as tissue histology in the test groups compared to the control rats. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that S. occidentalis roasted seed extract did not cause significant changes in most of the parameters evaluated, suggesting its potential safety for consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaria and other haemosporidian parasites are common in reptiles. During baseline health surveys of sea turtles in Western Australia (WA), haemosporidian parasites were detected in flatback (Natator depressus) and green (Chelonia mydas) turtle erythrocytes during routine blood film examination. 130 blood samples were screened via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), including 105 N. depressus, 20 C. mydas, and 5 olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea). A novel Haemocystidium sp. was identified, detected exclusively in foraging turtles and not in nesting turtles. The combined prevalence by microscopic and molecular methods was 16.9% (22/130), primarily affecting immature C. mydas (77.3%; 17/22). Mature N. depressus were also affected (22.7%; 5/22). DNA sequencing of a partial fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene together with phylogenetic analysis identified two different Haemocystidium sp. genotypes, A and B, with genotype A being most prevalent. The phylogenetic analysis showed close genetic relationships to Haemocystidium sp. in freshwater and terrestrial turtles, suggesting a shared evolutionary lineage despite ecological differences. Preliminary analysis indicates that this parasite is incidental, as no association between health and parasite presence or grade was detected. This study provides the first formal detection of haemosporidian parasites in sea turtles, contributing essential baseline data while highlighting their evolutionary significance and host–parasite ecological relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with organic selenium (OR-Se) and/or vitamins C and E on the rectal temperature (Rectal-T), growth performance, carcase yield, intestinal morphology, plasma thyroid hormone levels, and antioxidant status of broilers reared in hot environmental conditions. Under heat stress conditions (29.4 to 33.6 °C), 360 Arbour Acres chicks were fed in a (2 × 3) factorial design with two dietary levels of organic selenium (0 and 0.6 mg/kg) and three dietary levels of a mix of vitamins C and E (0, 200 and 250 mg/kg). Chicks were randomly assigned to six treatments (T) with three replicates of 20 birds each: the 1st group (T1): basal diet with no supplementation (control group); the 2nd group (T2): basal diet supplemented with 0.6 mg OR-Se/kg; the 3rd group (T3): basal diet with a mixture of vitamins C and E, 200 mg of each/kg diet (Vita-Mix A); the 4th group (T4): basal diet with a mixture of vitamins C and E, 250 mg of each/kg diet (Vita-Mix B); the 5th group (T5): basal diet with (Vita-Mix A) + 0.6 mg OR-Se/kg diet; the 6th group (T6): basal diet with Vita-Mix B and 0.6 mg OR-Se/kg diet for a five-week feeding period. Results showed that chicks fed diets supplemented with OR-Se and/or vitamins (C, E) had lower (p < 0.01) rectal-T, growth performance indicators (except feed intake). Also, compared to un-supplemented birds, the carcase yield, digestibility of ether extract, and antioxidant indices were significantly improved. In conclusion, dietary 0.6 mg OR-Se/kg and/or a mixture of vitamins C and E (both at 200 or 250 mg/kg) improved growth performance, carcase yield, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant capacity under heat-stress conditions. In addition to the previously mentioned results, it would be more reliable when applied to a large number of chicks to ensure data robustness and reliability for productive performance indices. Highlights: Adding 0.06 mg of organic selenium plus a mixture of vitamins C and E to the broiler's diet (per 1 kg diet) improved growth performance. Including 0.6 mg of organic selenium plus a mixture of vitamins C and E (per 1 kg diet) in the broiler led to a better average feed conversion ratio throughout the rearing period and boosted the FCR of broiler chicks. Vita-Mix plus organic selenium supplementation led to better antioxidant status (GSH-px, SOD, and MDA) of broiler chicks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents data collected from 41 captive white‐bellied spider monkey (Ateles belzebuth) immobilisations conducted between 2022 and 2024. The anaesthetic protocol employed consisted of dexmedetomidine (0.04 mg/kg), ketamine (5 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.25 mg/kg), with supplementary intramuscular doses dexmedetomidine (0.02 mg/kg) and ketamine (2.5 mg/kg) administered as needed. The protocol demonstrated fast and efficient induction times, with no reported complications, indicating its safety and efficacy. During immobilisation, all animals were placed in dorsal recumbency, with monitored physiological parameters including heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, SpO2 and capillary refill rate. Additionally, blood samples were collected for haematology and biochemistry analysis. The dose of atipamezole administered was 10 times that of dexmedetomidine. Data on time to recumbency, duration of immobilisation, recovery times and post‐antagonist drug administration recovery were recorded. Moreover, details regarding the type of restraint and pre‐anaesthetic activity level were included in the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this publication various serum biochemistry and haematology parameters were determined from blood samples obtained from captive adult individuals of an exotic quail species, the mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus , Douglas, 1829). Venipuncture was performed in the second half of the breeding season from six roosters (males) and seven hens (females). During the examination, in addition to the haematological elements, basic parameters of serum enzyme levels, the products of protein metabolism, uric acid and the most important ions were monitored. The results are presented as a reference in future diagnostic tests for certain diseases. The blood parameters of the bird species examined in this study have not yet been published earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Improving resistance against disease is important in the animal and poultry industry. Besides drugs and vaccines, genetic selection for improved immune systems may be an effective approach.2. Traits related to the immune system were studied in a 938 pedigreed Japanese quail population infected by sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Besides body weight at 35 d of age (BW35), weight of the gizzard (G), liver (Li), lungs (Lu), bursa (Bu), spleen (S), heart (H), and digestive track (D) and length of ileum (I) and caecum (C) were recorded. Total antibody (TA), mercaptoethanol-resistant (IgG), mercaptoethanol-sensitive titres (IgM), the number of monocyte (M), basophil (B) and eosinophil (E) and the ratio of heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) were measured. Co-variance components were estimated via Gibbs sampling using GIBBS3F90 software. Five univariate animal models, including simple forms, were used for genetic parameter estimations, and the best model was determined by the deviance information criterion (DIC). Genetic and environmental correlations were estimated using a bivariate animal model.3. Direct heritability estimates for internal organs ranged from 0.06 (Lu) to 0.57 (G) and for immune system traits from 0.05 (IgM) to 0.17 (IgG). Negative genetic correlations were found between BW35 and internal organs (−0.22 to −0.80).4. Including one of the internal organs, such as the spleen, in the selection index improved the immune response in heavier birds. Additionally, because of the moderate heritability of IgG (0.17) and its effect on lasting immunity, selecting for higher IgG concentration may improve the resistance of Japanese quail against pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts) targeting CD19 represent a significant advance in treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. Although a significant minority of recipients are women during their reproductive years, there is a paucity of data regarding pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in women previously treated with CAR-T. This is important as maternal T cells are known to cross the placenta and into breastmilk during pregnancy and breastfeeding, respectively. Case Presentation: Here we present two successful pregnancies following CAR-T therapy where both neonates were initially breastfed. These represent the first cases of neonates born following CAR-T therapy comprehensively described in medical literature. Conclusion: Pregnancy following CAR-T therapy does not appear to be associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Further work is required to delineate the outcomes in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Alterations in haematological, biochemical parameters and cytokine levels, were reported in patients with COVID-19, however, there is an underrepresentation of the African population, which could provide evidence for understanding SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and useful tools for clinical management of cases. In this study, we aimed to determine the haematological, biochemical and cytokine profile in Mozambican individuals with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: A cohort of 85 Mozambican individuals with RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 results, was stratified into negative, asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe categories. Haematological, biochemical and cytokines measurement were performed on samples from the study participants. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify similar patterns among the study cases. Comparisons between groups were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) analysis were conducted to evaluate the ability of these parameters to distinguish severe from non-severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in peripheral blood absolute counts of total lymphocytes and eosinophils, below the reference values along with no abnormal change (p > 0.05) in red blood cell count, haemoglobin, platelets and other red series parameters. At the serum level, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with an increase in serum levels of C-reactive protein (C-RP) and glucose above the reference values and to a significant reduction a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in levels of interferon-gamma (INF-γ), Tumour Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-α) and the interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 in severe cases, when compared to negative cases. Haematological, biochemical and cytokine profiles segregate severe from non-severe cases of COVID-19 with an excellent performance of C-RP (AUC = 0.95; p < 0.001) and good performance of lymphocytes (AUC = 0.88; p < 0.001) and IL-15 (AUC = 0.86; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The lack of variation in red and platelet series, coupled with a decrease in the levels of classical pro-inflammatory in severe cases, deviates from what has been reported in other contexts suggesting, that there may be peculiarities in COVID-19 manifestation within the context of this study population. Furthermore, these results identify parameters with potential for clinical management of COVID-19 and therefore good resource allocation, particularly for severe cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Asymptomatic lymphocytosis poses a common challenge in haematology. Immunophenotyping can establish whether a clonal population is present, but it is expensive and the benefit of diagnosing asymptomatic patients is unproven. This study aimed to establish data to guide the use of immunophenotyping. We analysed the proportion of lymphocytosis in full blood count (FBC) samples across a five‐year period within a large UK National Health Service (NHS) trust. Persistent lymphocytosis was present in 0.18% (437/242678) of repeat community samples. Of samples sent for immunophenotyping, 743/784 (95%) with a lymphocyte count > 10 × 109/L had a clonal population, compared to 223/1696 (14%) with a lymphocyte count < 5 × 109/L. We followed up a longitudinal cohort of asymptomatic patients with clonal lymphocytosis to determine how many required treatment. The minority (11/46) of patients needed treatment within 9 years of follow‐up. Of patients needing treatment, 10/11 (91%) had a presenting lymphocyte count > 10 × 109/L. In all cases, treatment was initiated when the patient became symptomatic. We propose a lymphocyte count threshold of > 10 × 109/L for referral and immunophenotyping in patients with asymptomatic lymphocytosis. This approach aims to balance safety and cost‐effectiveness and reflects uncertainty in the value of diagnosis for asymptomatic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Large language models (LLMs) have significantly impacted various fields with their ability to understand and generate human‐like text. This study explores the potential benefits and limitations of integrating LLMs, such as ChatGPT, into haematology practices. Utilizing systematic review methodologies, we analysed studies published after 1 December 2022, from databases like PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, and assessing each for bias with the QUADAS‐2 tool. We reviewed 10 studies that applied LLMs in various haematology contexts. These models demonstrated proficiency in specific tasks, such as achieving 76% diagnostic accuracy for haemoglobinopathies. However, the research highlighted inconsistencies in performance and reference accuracy, indicating variability in reliability across different uses. Additionally, the limited scope of these studies and constraints on datasets could potentially limit the generalizability of our findings. The findings suggest that, while LLMs provide notable advantages in enhancing diagnostic processes and educational resources within haematology, their integration into clinical practice requires careful consideration. Before implementing them in haematology, rigorous testing and specific adaptation are essential. This involves validating their accuracy and reliability across different scenarios. Given the field's complexity, it is also critical to continuously monitor these models and adapt them responsively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 10‐year‐old female neutered Labrador Retriever presented with epistaxis, discoloration and crusting of the nose and a necrotic lesion on the lip. Bloodwork revealed pancytopenia, azotemia, hypoalbuminemia and hyperglobulinemia. Aggregates of amorphous basophilic material were seen in a room‐temperature blood smear which were not present in the sample after warming to 37°C, and grossly a cryoprecipitate was noted in the patient's serum at 4°C. This was interpreted as cryoglobulin. Computed tomography showed multiple heterogeneous lesions in the spleen. Cytology of the splenic lesions revealed marked plasma cell infiltration, consistent with neoplasia. Bone marrow aspiration revealed an increased proportion of plasma cells (approximately 38% of the total cells). Serum protein electrophoresis showed a monoclonal spike in the gamma globulin region. A diagnosis of multiple myeloma associated with cryoglobulinemia was made. The patient received palliative care with prednisolone while the owner was considering chemotherapy. However, she rapidly deteriorated and was euthanized. The combination of cryoglobulin precipitation and hyperviscosity syndrome was considered responsible for the patient's original symptoms. Cryoglobulinemia is an extremely rare phenomenon that is often associated with lymphoproliferative disorders. This report describes its association with multiple myeloma in a dog presenting with atypical initial signs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]