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5. 1. Introduction

Author

Welzel, Christian, primary, Inglehart, Ronald, additional, Bernhangen, Patrick, additional, and Haerpfer, Christian W., additional

Published
2018
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8. Prevalence of smoking in 8 Countries of the former Soviet Union: results from the living conditions, lifestyles and health study

Author

Gilmore, Anna, Pomerleau, Joceline, McKee, Martin, Rose, Richard, Haerpfer, Christian W., Rotman, David, and Tumanov, Sergej

Subjects
Smoking -- Risk factors, Smoking -- Surveys, Government, Health care industry
Abstract

Objectives. We sought to provide comparative data on smoking habits in countries of the former Soviet Union. Methods. We conducted cross-sectional surveys in 8 former Soviet countries with representative national samples of the population 18 years or older. Results. Smoking rates varied among men, from 43.3% to 65.3% among the countries examined. Results showed that smoking among women remains uncommon in Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, and Moldova (rates of 2.4%-6.3%). In Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Russia, rates were higher (9.3%-15.5%). Men start smoking at significantly younger ages than women, smoke more cigarettes per day, and are more likely to be nicotine dependent. Conclusions. Smoking rates among men in these countries have been high for some time and remain among the highest in the world. Smoking rates among women have increased from previous years and appear to reflect transnational tobacco company activity.

Published
2004

9. 1. Introduction

Author

Haerpfer, Christian W., primary, Bernhagen, Patrick, additional, Inglehart, Ronald F., additional, and Welzel, Christian, additional

Published
2009
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14. Democratization

Author

Haerpfer, Christian W., Bernhagen, Patrick, Welzel, Christian Peter, and Inglehart, Ronald

Subjects
Politics
Abstract

Democratization is the most comprehensive volume on this critical field of contemporary politics, with insightful coverage of all the key theories, actors, dynamics, and developments. Unrivalled in its up-to-date empirical material and range of expert contributors, this text is an invaluable resource to all students of democratization. - This leading textbook reflects recent developments in world politics, and is the only textbook on democratization to cover developments since the Arab Spring and Eurozone crisis, as well as current trends towards autocratization. - The text offers wide-ranging coverage of the theories, history, causes, dimensions, and actors in democratization, alongside extensive empirical examples from around the world. - An expert line-up of leading scholars from diverse international backgrounds brings together perspectives from some of the best-known names in the field. - This text is accompanied by additional online resources designed to take students' learning further.New to this edition - A new chapter on social media highlights this important new dynamic in democratization. - New chapters on Post-Communist Europe and the Post-Soviet Space demonstrate the significant changes in these regions in recent years underline the distinct dynamics and trajectories of post-communist development. - Updates reflect the dramatic developments in world politics since the publication of the first edition, including the aftermath of the Arab Spring, and autocratizing tendencies in various regions of the world. - Increased coverage of resilient authoritarianism highlights this key area of contemporary debate. - An expanded glossary helps students to develop their technical vocabulary in this complex field of study.

Published
2018

18. Social capital as the factor of societal transformations in post-communist societies

Author

KIZILOVA KSENIYA and HAERPFER CHRISTIAN W

Subjects
SOCIAL CAPITAL,GENERALIZED TRUST,INSTITUTIONAL TRUST,POST-COMMUNIST TRANSFORMATIONS
Abstract

Paper deals with the analysis of the impact of social capital on the democratic transition in countries of post-Soviet Eurasia. Social capital is considered as a multidimensional concept with generalized trust, interpersonal trust, confidence in social and political institutions, organizational membership and social norms considered as its main components. The data used for the analysis comprises from the World Values Survey wave 6 (2010-2014), with Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan being included into the analysis. Multivariate analysis is used to define the domains of life and spheres of public life which are affected by social capital.

Published
2016

20. Introduction

Author

Haerpfer, Christian W., Bernhagen, P., Inglehart, Ronald, Welzel, Christian, Haerpfer, Christian W., Bernhagen, Patrick, Inglehart, Ronald, and Welzel, Christian

Subjects
Gender and Diversity, Politics
Published
2009

21. Conclusions and Outlook:The Future of Democratization

Author

Haerpfer, Christian W., Bernhagen, P., Inglehart, Ronald, Welzel, Christian, Haerpfer, Christian W., Bernhagen, Patrick, Inglehart, Ronald, and Welzel, Christian

Subjects
Gender and Diversity, Politics
Published
2009

22. Democratisation, economic development and corruption in East-Central Europe: a 11-nation-study

Author

Institut für Höhere Studien (IHS), Wien, Wallace, Claire, Haerpfer, Christian W., Institut für Höhere Studien (IHS), Wien, Wallace, Claire, and Haerpfer, Christian W.

Abstract

'Die Studie untersucht die Beziehung zwischen Korruption - gemessen als subjektiver Indikator in international-vergleichenden Umfragen - und anderen Indikatoren wie Wirtschaftswachstum, Demokratisierung, Institutionalisierung, zunehmende persönliche Freiheiten und die informelle Ökonomie als wichtige Indikatoren des Wandels im postkommunistischen Zentral- und Osteuropa. Die Autoren fanden eine starke negative Korrelation zwischen subjektiven Korruptions-Wahrnehmungen einerseits und wirtschaftlichem Wachstum andererseits: je höher das wahrgenommene Niveau der Korruption, desto niedriger war das Niveau des Wirtschaftswachstums. Es war auch klar erkennbar, dass eine Gesellschaft, die offener, freier und demokratischer ist, auch ein deutlich geringeres Korruptionsniveau aufwies. Diese Analyse beruht auf einer akademisch-vergleichenden Umfragestudie mit 12.643 persönlichen Interviews im Jahre 1998 in folgenden Ländern: Belarus, Bulgarien, Bundesrepublik Yugoslawien, Kroatien, Polen, Rumänien, Tschechien, Slowakei, Slowenien, Ukraine und Ungarn.' (Autorenreferat), 'The study explores the relationship between corruption (as measured in a cross-national sample survey) and other indicators such as economic growth, democratisation, institutionalisation, increasing freedom and the informal economy as important indicators of change in post-communist Eastern and Central Europe. It was found that corruption perceptions are very highly correlated with economic growth: the higher the level of corruption, the lower the level of growth. It was also the case the more free and democratic a society was (that is, the more open) the less corruption was perceived. The analysis is based upon a representative sample survey carried out in Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, FRY, Romania, Bulgaria, Belarus and Ukraine in 1998 (N=12643).' (author's abstract)

Published
2011

23. Democratic Revolutions in post-Communist Europe and Post-Soviet Eurasia, 1989 - 2009.

Author

Haerpfer, Christian W

Subjects
*COMMUNISM, *DEMOCRATIZATION, *DEMOCRACY
Abstract

This paper is describing and explaining the democratic revolutions and multidirectional regime changes, which occurred in the two decades between 1989 and 2009 in post-Communist Europe and post-Soviet Eurasia. It analyses at the beginning the decline of Communism and the failed attempts to reform Communist One-Party States in the period between 1970 and 1988 as stage one of democratization. The next section is dealing with the end of Communist regimes as second stage of democratization between 1989 and 1991. The following part is devoted to stage three of the democratization process, which is focusing on the creation of new democracies. The dynamics of post-Communist democratization is differentiated into three separate paths of development: the path towards consolidated and liberal democracies, the second path to partial and electoral democracies and finally the transformation of post-Soviet countries into illiberal autocracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

24. Patterns of Political Support in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia.

Author

Haerpfer, Christian W.

Subjects
*POLITICAL science, *DEMOCRACY, *AUTHORITARIANISM, *POLITICAL systems
Abstract

The paper is analyzing the 'realist' support for the current regime as well as the support for democracy as a set of 'idealist' principles in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. It is also analyzing political support for non-democratic regimes as alternatives to democratic governance. The main conclusion of this paper is that mass public support for democracy as best form of government is encompassing an absolute majority of citizens in Georgia, Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia and Belarus as well as a relative majority of the Russian citizens. Political support for the current regimes is declining between 1992 and 2002 and collapsing in Georgia, Ukraine, Moldova and Armenia. This collapse of public support for the current political regime contributed to the 'revolutions' in Georgia and Ukraine. The share of supporters for authoritarian regimes in Russia and the other post-Soviet countries decreased from about one third to one fifth of the respective electorates. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006

25. Support for Democracy and Authoritarian Regimes in Russia and the CIS, 1992-2002.

Author

Haerpfer, Christian W.

Subjects
*POLITICAL change, *AUTHORITARIANISM, *DEMOCRACY, *IDEALISM
Abstract

The article analyzes the core elements of political change in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan in the period after the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991. It compares the political change in the countries along the continuum between authoritarian regimes, semi-democratic as well as democratic regimes. It examines the two phenomena of political support for democratic regimes namely, support of the existing regime and the support for democracy as a set of idealist and core topics for democratic governance.

Published
2005

26. Migration Potential in Slovakia.

Author

Wallace, Claire and Haerpfer, Christian W.

Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration, IMMIGRANTS, GOVERNMENT policy
Abstract

This article focuses on migration from Slovakia. Slovak migration generally fits into a new pattern of migration in Central and Eastern Europe, which is one of short term border crossings to shop, study or earn money, rather than permanent migration. Permanent emigration from CEE (Central and Eastern European Countries-includes all post communist Europe) countries is low and since has been declining in all four CEE countries since mid 1990s. There are reasons for the decline in migration from CEE to the European Union (EU). The tightening of Asylum procedures in Western European countries partially closed the gate for migration. Additional factors limiting migration at the moment is the nature of the household economy in CEE. As the wage levels in the CEE and EU countries approach one another and there are more opportunities for enterprising people back home, even this migration will decline. Slovakia is increasingly drawn into global migrations, other problems will emerge. The consequence of these global migration developments are increasingly global migration policies. Slovak Republic is already finding itself subject to various migration policies as a part of the Accession negotiations.

Published
2001

28. Support for Regime Institutions and Political Actors in Russia and the CIS.

Author

Haerpfer, Christian W.

Subjects
*INTERNATIONAL cooperation, *INTERNATIONAL relations, RUSSIAN foreign relations, 1991-, UKRAINIAN foreign relations
Abstract

The paper is analysing political support and trust in regime institutions and political actors in eight post-Soviet countries: Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006

29. Democratization

Author

Welzel, Christian Peter, Bernhagen, Patrick, Haerpfer, Christian W., and Inglehart, Ronald

Subjects
Politische Kulturforschung, Politics, Demokratieforschung, Gender and diversity, Demokratie
Abstract

Democratization is the most comprehensive volume on this critical field of contemporary politics, with insightful coverage of the key theories, actors, dynamics, and developments. This authoritative guide brings together leading experts from diverse international backgrounds, including some of the best known names in the field, making it an invaluable resource to students of democratization.This second edition reflects the dramatic changes in today's political world, with empirical coverage of developments on every continent. It considers the role of new technologies, including a dedicated chapter on social media and democratization, as well as the resilience of authoritarian tendencies in many parts of the world.

Published
2019

30. Theories of democratization

Author

Welzel, Christian Peter, Haerpfer, Christian W., Bernhagen, P., Inglehart, R., and Welzel, Christian

Subjects
Gender and Diversity, Politics
Published
2009

31. Democratization

Author

Haerpfer, Christian W., Bernhagen, P., Inglehart, R., and Welzel, Christian Peter

Subjects
Gender and Diversity, Demokratisierung, Politics
Published
2009

32. Political Culture, Value Change, and Mass Beliefs

Author

Welzel, Christian Peter, Inglehart, Ronald, Haerpfer, Christian W., Bernhagen, Patrick, Inglehart, Ronald F., and Welzel, Christian

Subjects
Gender and Diversity, Politics
Published
2009

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