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The Pythagoras Tree Fractal patch is considered on a SiO2 substrate thickness of 1.5 µm to radiate at four frequencies of 4.975THz, 5.38THz, 6.73THz, and 7.61THz with Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) ≤ 2. This is a very creative fractal design of a multiband THz antenna, based on a very thin graphene layer, the study proved a value in terms of high radiation efficiency and high gain, at the level of current research we made a comparison study where the design has evidently huge potential regarding applicability for telecommunication technology in the terahertz regime. The demand for high-performance terahertz (THz) antennas has increased significantly in recent years due to their potential applications in various fields such as medical imaging, security screening, and wireless communications. In this paper, the authors present an analysis of a graphene Pythagoras Tree Fractal (GPTF) antenna with a thin SiO2 substrate for THz regime. The GPTF antenna is designed using a fractal geometry approach, which provides multiple resonant frequencies and enhances the overall radiation efficiency. The thin SiO2 substrate is used to reduce the substrate losses and improve the radiation performance of the antenna. The authors use the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) software to simulate the performance of the proposed antenna. The results show that the proposed antenna exhibits high gain, low return loss, and wide bandwidth, making it a promising candidate for THz applications.

The Pythagoras Tree Fractal patch is considered on a SiO2 substrate thickness of 1.5 µm to radiate at four frequencies of 4.975THz, 5.38THz, 6.73THz, and 7.61THz with Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) ≤ 2. This is a very creative fractal design of a multiband THz antenna, based on a very thin graphene layer, the study proved a value in terms of high radiation efficiency and high gain, at the level of current research we made a comparison study where the design has evidently huge potential regarding applicability for telecommunication technology in the terahertz regime. The demand for high-performance terahertz (THz) antennas has increased significantly in recent years due to their potential applications in various fields such as medical imaging, security screening, and wireless communications. In this paper, the authors present an analysis of a graphene Pythagoras Tree Fractal (GPTF) antenna with a thin SiO2 substrate for THz regime. The GPTF antenna is designed using a fractal geometry approach, which provides multiple resonant frequencies and enhances the overall radiation efficiency. The thin SiO2 substrate is used to reduce the substrate losses and improve the radiation performance of the antenna. The authors use the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) software to simulate the performance of the proposed antenna. The results show that the proposed antenna exhibits high gain, low return loss, and wide bandwidth, making it a promising candidate for THz applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi spiral split ring resonator based sensor is proposed for the characterization of the dielectric properties of a water ethanol mixture. The use of a narrowed microstrip line to excite the multi spiral resonator allows enhancement of excitation current and increase the sensitivity of the sensing area. Good agreement will be presented between theoretical and measured electrical parameters of the resonator in a wide frequency range from 2 to 5 GHz. The proposed sensor shows high sensitivity, miniature size, and affordable cost and above all laboratory-on-chip compatibility important for a large-scale production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]