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Urban wastewater security is a source of significant volumes of sludge which is to be managed. This paper presents the possibility of applying a management process based on vitrification and by which, in addition to inert contaminants in sludge, you get a ceramic material with a significant added value. As a base of different analysis of the sludges, chemical (XRF), mineralogical (XRD) and thermal (DTA-TG), we obtain the original glass composition and its energy. By DTATG, dilatometry and SEM, it was determined the temperature of maximum nucleation rate, growth temperature and the morphology and size of developed nuclei, in this case are nanoscale. Briefly, it was found as the management of municipal solid waste by vitrification as an alternative to landfills and incineration.La depuración de las aguas residuales urbanas es fuente de importantes volúmenes de lodos los cuales es preciso gestionar. En este trabajo se expone la posibilidad de aplicarles un proceso de gestión basado en la vitrificación y mediante el cual, además de inertizar los elementos contaminantes presentes en los lodos, se obtiene un material vitrocerámico con un importante valor añadido. Partiendo de la caracterización química (FRX), mineralógica (DRX) y térmica (ATD-TG) de estos lodos, se determina la formulación del vidrio original y su poder energético. Mediante ATD-TG, dilatometría y MEB, se ha determinado la temperatura de máxima velocidad de nucleación y la temperatura de crecimiento así como la morfología y tamaño de los núcleos formados que, en este caso, son nanométricos. En definitiva, se ha comprobado como la gestión de los residuos sólidos urbanos mediante la vitrificación es una alternativa a los vertederos y a la incineración.

In Latin America (LA), 40–50 million people live with rare diseases (RDs) that require constant monitoring, care, and attention. Caregivers help them with their basic life activities and medication administration, which they would otherwise be unable to perform. Family caregivers complement healthcare and social security systems; however, their unpaid work is often underappreciated and under-protected. Recognizing the need to address these unrecognized and undervalued women, the Americas Health Foundation (AHF) convened a panel of LA experts on caregiving for people with RDs to provide recommendations to support the undervalued family caregivers. A panel of LA experts in caregiving for RDs were given questions to address the challenges faced by family caregivers of people with RDs in LA. During a 3-day conference, the panelists' responses were discussed and edited until the panel agreed on recommendations to address the challenges. The identified challenges for caregivers included physical, emotional, and economical areas. Caregivers, primarily women, experienced physical pain, and social isolation, and were forced to pay substantial out-of-pocket expenses in their caregiving roles. Brazil and Colombia are at the forefront of policies to protect caregivers and their experiences in attempting to provide for this group are outlined as case studies for what is possible in LA. Finally, recognizing that caregivers must be included in formulating, executing, and evaluating care policies for people living with RDs and that the caregivers themselves require social assurances, the panel suggested policy objectives aimed at protecting caregivers of people living with RDs. The recommendations ranged from recognizing the role of the family caregiver as an essential supplement to the formal healthcare system to providing financial assistance, training, and workplace protection, among others. Finally, monitoring and evaluating the impact of policies is necessary to ensure that LA is moving forward in caring for family caregivers for people with RDs.

In this research, we provide the first optical and electrical characterization of 4,6-diacetylresorcinol and 4,6-bis(1-hydrazonoethyl)benzene-1,3-diol. The optical properties have been studied by measuring the diffused reflectance. Both materials have indirect optical transitions with energy gaps of 1.91 and 1.83 eV, respectively. AC electrical conductivity of both materials increases with increasing the applied frequency (1 kHz-5 MHz). It obeys σac(ω) = BωS with S about unity and is explained in terms of correlated barrier hopping model. 4,6-Diacetylresorcinol has higher values of AC conductivity and dielectric constant than those of 4,6-bis(1-hydrazonoethyl)benzene-1,3-diol. Finally, 4,6-bis(1-hydrazonoethyl) benzene-1,3-diol could be employed as a dye to form dye-sensitized solar cells for photosensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]