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This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of garlic (Allium sativum) on growth survival and nutritional characteristics of goldfish (Carassius auratus). For this purpose, 180 goldfish with an average initial weight of 1.18± 0.08 g were introduced randomly into 12 aquaria (50×30×40 cm) in 4 groups, with 15 fish in each group. Treatments were fed on a basal diet for one week, followed by experimental diets for eight weeks. Garlic powder was added at levels of 0 (Control), 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg kg^-1 to commercial diet. At the end of the experiment, growth and survival rates and feed performance were evaluated. There was no significant difference in growth rate and feed efficiency between treatments, although they were better in the 0.5% level. The highest survival rate was achieved in the 0.5% treatment that showed a significant difference compared to the control diet (p

The present study investigated the effects of replacing decapsulated cysts of Artemia urmiana in feed on larvae stage of Salmo trutta caspius in growth and survival indices. Experiment with six food groups treatment with 1: Control diet (without decapsulated Artemia cysts), treatment 2: Decapsulated Artemia cysts diet with 25% and 75% concentrate feed, treatment 3: Decapsulated Artemia cysts diet with 50% and 50% concentrate feed, treatment 4: Decapsulated Artemia cysts diet with 75% and 25% concentrate feed, treatment 5: Decapsulated Artemia cysts diet with 100%, treatments to 1 gram weight. In this experiment, the sequences of three parts, each containing 1500 larvae 120 with an average of 120+25 mg were used. During the test period the various parameters including weight gain rate larvae (GR), special growth rate (SGR), survival rate (SR), feed rate (FR) Feed conversion ratio (FCR) were analyzed. The results showed that among different groups, treatment 2 with 0.64% had the worst condition in terms of feed conversion ratio among treatments were tested. The results showed that the specific growth rate of treatments 2 with 0.55% had the best and treatment 4 with 0.34% had the worst condition. Effective growth rate in treatment 2 with 0.26% showed the best and treatment 5 with 0.17% showed the worst. Treatment 2with 154.31 the best and treatment 1 with 130.85 the worst effective feeding index. The highest average daily growth observed in treatment 2 and the lowest was observed in treatment 5. The highest obesity index was observed in treatment 2 with 0.96 and the lowest obesity was in treatment 5 with 0.85. In terms of survival, treatment 4 with 99.91% had the best result and treatment 5 with 99.62% had the worst result. According to the results of the present study, replacing 25% decapsulated Artemia cysts can be effective and useful in developing the most growth and survival indices of rainbow trout larvae. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Considering the significant importance of aquatic plants, macroalgae and phytoplankton from different viewpoints (ecological, resource management, economic, social, research, etc.), the creation of a comprehensive information bank potentially plays an important role in achieving the foreseen goals in related fields at the national level. In other words, with the implementation of this project, we can provide a summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the relevant existing information to the researchers as well as to the scientific and administrative planning authorities of the country in order to spend the national budget fully in line with the needs and the scientific priorities of the country. In order to implement this plan, the relevant information available in the country from different point of views, i.e. geographic regions (marine and freshwater ecosystems), the studied taxa, types and applications of relevant studies, types of publications and … were collected. Based on studies conducted at the national level, generally more than 284 species of aquatic and semi-aquatic vascular plants in the country is reported that the species are belonging to 127 genera and 57 families. Among them 80.3% of the species are helophytes, 13.9% submerged, 3.5% floating leaved and 2.3% free floating. In terms of distribution, the highest and lowest number of aquatic plants has been identified in the northern and eastern regions of the country, respectively. Currently, the latest checklist of marine macroalgae, published in the country, consists of 309 species, of which 78 species within 15 families are belonging to green algae and 70 species within seven families are belonging to brown algae. Moreover, among the red algae 161 species from 30 families have been reported. The number of phytoplankton species identified in the southern part of the Caspian Sea is about 491 species, which are belonging to 11 phyla. The phyla Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Pyrrophyta and Euglenophyta have the highest number of species with 186, 110, 80, 71 and 28 species, respectively. In the case of inland waters, comprehensive and coherent studies that cover the entire country are not available. However, in total, 802 species of phytoplankton belonging to the phyla Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, Pyrrophyta, Chrysophyta, Xantophyta and Cryptophyta are listed in inland waters of the country. Among them, Bacillariophyta with 285 species, comprising 36% of all the species and included the largest number of species. The phyla Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta and Pyrrophyta are in the following/subsequent orders, respectively. The number of phytoplankton species identified in the Persian Gulf is 244, including 124 species of Bacillariophyta, 114 species of dinoflagellates, 5 species of green-blue algae, 1 species of Chrysophyta and 1 species of Euglenophyta. Among the 283 reviewed scientific sources, number of the articles published in valid scientific journals, articles published in scientific conferences, scientific reports, books and MSc and PhD theses were 158, 52, 54, 11 and 8, respectively. In general, with the review of various scientific sources, it can be concluded that studies and researches on aquatic plants, macroalgae and phytoplanktons in the country's aquatic ecosystems (especially from the viewpoints of biodiversity, distribution and genetic characteristics) are relatively limited and the current scientific weaknesses, especially compared with terrestrial organisms (and even other aquatic organisms), is quite evident. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

With regards to the significant importance of aquatic plants from different point of views the creation of a comprehensive information bank potentially plays an important role in achieving the foreseen goals in related fields at the national level. After the implementation of this project, we can provide a summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the relevant existing information to the researchers as well as to the scientific and administrative planning authorities of the country in order to spend the national budget in line with the needs and scientific priorities of the country. In order to achieve the objectives of this plan, relevant information available in the country from different point of views, i.e. geographic regions (marine and inland water ecosystems), the studied taxa, types and applications of relevant studies, types of publications and … were collected. In general, with the review of various scientific sources, it can be concluded that studies and researches on aquatic macrophytes in the country's aquatic ecosystems (especially from the viewpoints of biodiversity, distribution and genetic characteristics) are relatively limited and the current scientific weaknesses, especially compared with terrestrial organisms (and even other aquatic organisms), is quite evident. On the other hand, in terms of the inland water checklists, the information gap is more evident with regard to the northern and southern ecosystems. Based on studies conducted at the national level, generally more than 284 species of aquatic and semi-aquatic vascular plants in the country is reported that the species, belonging to 127 genera and 57 families. Among them 80.3% of the species are helophytes, 13.9% submerged, 3.5% floating leaved and 2.3% free floating. In terms of distribution, the highest and lowest number of aquatic plants has been identified in the northern and eastern regions of the country, respectively. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Nutritional study of Holothuria leucospilata, black sea cucumber were investigated from September 2016 to September 2017 (12 month). 46 samples of sea cucumbers was collected by scuba in Bushehr coasts, diets and biometrics was studied in laboratory. Rates of relative length of the gut (RLG) were calculated by the average value of 2.01±0.2 which shows Holothuria leucospilata is omnivore. Empty stomach index (cv) were calculated 26.08 and 73.91 for full stomach, results indicated that H. leucospilata being gluttonous. The maximum value of CV was calculated in autumn and feeding start was in winter (synchronous to gonad development start), spawning was in summer. Maximum of GastroSomatic Index was 8.306±1.25 in summer synchronous to pick of spawning. The study of sediments size of intestine contents showed the smallest size was 0.25-0.125 and the biggest >2 mm. There were organic materials in anterior of intestine. Mean of sediments (%) calculated 59.485±50.46 in gastrointestinal tract .Also food preference (FP) was calculated for each type of food. The contents of gastrointestinal tract were clay, silt, sand, oyster shell, bivalve, green algae, plant and animal detritus, diatoms, plants and animals digestives, so food performance was respectively: clay, silt, sand, frominifora, molluscs, diatoms, bivalves, crab shells, algea, amphipoda, organic sediments, nematode and scales. The most of frequency of diatoms were: Navicula sp., Nitzschia sp., Amphipora sp., Cymbella sp.. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

The proximate composition of brown seaweed Sargassum lentifollium was investigated in this study along with analysis of some physicochemical parameters of Chabahar Bay water. The relationship between the nutritive components of this species and environmental parameters was established. Crude protein content varied from 8.05±1.15% of dry weight to 12.29±1.10%, carbohydrate from 31.11±2.03% to 25.11±2.13%, humidity from 15.21±1.00% to 19.22±1.11% with differences significantly before and after monsoon seasons, respectively while ash content varied from 26.11±2.43% to 24.11±1.40%, total fat from 2.11±0.43 % to 1.80±0.40% , total fiber from 10.34±2.21% to 11.84±0.33% and astaxantin content (ppm) from 104.11±1.00 to 97.20±1.18 before and after monsoon season respectively without any significant differences(P>0.05). Regarding to physicochemical parameters of sea water, the result showed there are differences between salinity, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, nitrate, phosphate, chlorophyll a and c before and after monsoon season significantly while there are not in pH, silicate and chlorophyll b. Statistical analysis computed among the environmental and biochemical parameters suggested the potential role played by the abiotic parameters on biosynthetic pathways of seaweed.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of varying dietary levels of protein (45%, 50%, 55% and 60%) and energy (20, 22 and 24 kjg^-1) on the growth, survival rate, food performance and body chemical composition of sobaity Juvenile. 36, 300 Lit polyethylene containers equipped with a flow-through water system (with 1 Lit/min water exchange) were provided and each stocked with 18 Juvenile fish (27.99 ± 0.14 g weight). During the rearing period, a biometric measurement was carried out once fortnightly. After a 56-day rearing period, results showed the significant effect of the treatments (the interaction between protein and energy) and the varying levels of protein and energy on the growth and food performance, survival rate and body composition) P≤0.05) of the fish, but the effect of the dietary protein was not significant on the FCR, PER, fat and body crude fiber (P>0.05). Also, the effect of dietary energy was not significantly effective (P> 0.05) on the growth and food performances, but was significantly effective on the survival rate and body composition) P≤0.05) of the fish. Results also showed the highest amount of growth of the fish in the diet with 60% CP and 24 kJg^-1 energy, the highest survival rate in the diet with 55% CP and 22kJg^-1 energy and the best FCR and PER in the diet with 50% CP and 24 kJg^-1 energy. According to the results of the present study, 50% CP and 22 kJg^-1 energy are recommendable to cover the dietary protein and energy requirements of sobaity fish in the Juvenile stage.

The effects of substitution of seaweed, Sargassum ilicifolium, by replacing protein resources, in Litopenaeus vannamei diets was studied. It was carried out by incorporation of raw powdered seaweed at three levels, 0% as control treatment, 5% (C), 10% (B) and 15% (A) each with four replications in isoprotein, (33%) and isocaloric (355kcal.100^-1) diets. Binder properties of seaweeds in different diet pellets were evaluated. In laboratory conditions, 480 shrimp juveniles (initial weight=3 gram) acclimated in 16 plastic tanks, fed 4% of their biomass daily. During the 45 day digestibility experiment, biometric indices were measured at 15 day intervals to assess the growth performances. Based on physicochemical analysis of water at 2 day intervals, effective parameters were maintained at a required range for the wellbeing of the shrimp during the experiment. Results of the experiment show that Sargassum sp. can be used as a binder in shrimp feed ingredients with significant differences between treatment pellet stability and water absorbance percent in sea water. Although initial biomass, SGR and survival rate showed no differences between treatments, but final biomass, biomass gain, FCR, shrimp flesh color and cholesterol levels revealed significant differences between treatments (p

Seaweed belonged to baseborn marine plants with cell wall containing of valued polysaccharides such as Agar, Alginate, Limen sulfate and Carmine, used as food additives and in different industries. Base on previous studies, more than 1000 MT. of Sargassum seaweed withdraw from Oman Sea in Sistan and Baluchistan coastal line which can be collect, dried and powdered for using as supplement in shrimp feed. In this project, Sargassum ilicifolium collected from 6 coastal areas, rinsed, dried, powdered and measured the nutritional values in laboratory for surveying statistically. According to the high nutritional value of Tis coastal seaweed, this variety seaweed powder, replaced with protein resources (fish meal and Soy and Wheat) of white-leg shrimp feed which was formulated by Havorash feed factory of Boshehr in four treatments (A: as control without any replacement) B: with 5%, C: 10 % and D: 15% seaweed replacement, each with three replicates in order to obtain isonitrogenus 33% CP., and iso-caloric (13% fat and 15% carbohydrate) feed using winfeed software. The weighed milled ingredients were carefully mixed using a laboratory food mixer. The mixtures were primed with 30% hot water to yield a suitable pulp. Wet diets were made into 2 mm pellet size and dried at 40 °C in a drying cabinet and maintained in standard condition which was used for water stability and absorption capacity test of the pellets in sea water, statistically one way- ANOVA. The Tis coastal seaweed with 9.8% CP, 2% lipid and 23% carbohydrate had higher nutritional value compared to the other gathered seaweed. Also amino acid and fatty acid profiles, vitamins and minerals were measured in all seaweed samples each, with three replications. As result, for using Sargassum ilicifolium as vitamins and mineral premixes in white- leg shrimp feed, Zinc, Cobalt and Phenylalanine with dose of 1.1, 06.0 and 4.0 ml. 100% dried seaweed must be added respectively. The water stability of D feed treatment in seawater (98%) and C (97%) had statistical differences with A and B (95% stability) (P

Due to the increasing demand for fish and limited fish stocks, caused to aquaculture as an important way to meet protein needs of a growing world population and pressure to reduce fishing effort from the Sea, and increasing the income of the coast, especially in low-income countries should be considered.In this study population structure of phytoplankton in shrimp vannamei (PL12) were evaluated with brackish water of the Caspian Sea. For cultivation of brackish water (ppt 43/0 ± 52/10) was funded from the Caspian Sea. Experiments on 13 concrete circular pool with a sandy bed (with an area of 78 square meters) in 5 treatments and 3 replications for each treatment. Breeding period is 75 days. In this study identified 20 genera of phytoplankton from five division of the Phytoplankton. Phylum Cyanophyta, with 30 percent of the identified genera that much more constituted. And the phylum Chlorophyta with 25 percent, of Bacillariophyta 20 percent Pyrrophyta 20 percent and Euglenophyta 5 percent had the lowest frequency. Chlorophyta with 25 percent allocated to the division, with 20 percent of Bacillariophyta, with 20 percent of the division; Pyrrophyta Euglenophyta division with 5 percent had the lowest frequency.Euglenophyta phylum was identified as a species. Genus Chlorella green algae Chlorophyta phylum in all the pools had been sampling at various times. But some genus of the different stages of sampling there has been only once. Genus Chaetoceros of Bacillariophyta and genus Chlamidomunas of Chlorophyta in different more stages were of sampling. In this study, cell abundance and treatment time of was varies.The maximum cell abundance of phytoplankton in September and lowest cell abundance in July. The micro-algae cell growths were almost equal at a time. In July, August and September, to the greatest concentration of phytoplankton belongs to Chlorophyta43/8 ± 13/5, 56/7 ± 18/5 and 603/3 ± 170/2 (cells per liter × 106 ), respectively, and in group 2, group 1 have been affected by the genus Chlorella. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Due to the usefulness of shrimp broodstock pelleted diets, from aspects of, easier maintenance, transportation, broodstock feeding, and cheaper as compared to natural wet diets, the use of natural wet foods, include sand worm (Perinereis nuntica), cattle fish )Sepia pharaonis) and veal livier decreased and the quantity of pelleted diet increased. Survey was conducted, in tankes with a volume of 300 liters. Tanks were filled with 150 liters of water. 10 broodstock in each tank was left, with an average weight of 37±2 grams. Daily feeding rate, was twenty-five percent of their biomass. The survey was include, 9 treatments with 3 replicates in each tank as described below. Control treatment: broodstock feeding only with, sand worm (33%), cattle fish (34%) and bull livier (33%). Exprimental treatment 1: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (50%)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18%)+veal livier (16%). Treatment 2: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (50 %)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18%) and veal livier (16%). Treatment 3: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (50%)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18 %) and veal livier (16 %). Treatment 4: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (50 %)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18 %) and veal livier (16 %). Treatment 5: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (100 %). Treatment 6: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (100 %). Treatment 7: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (100 %). Treatment 8: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (100%). The results showed that, Gonadosomatic index (GSI) in treatments 3: control and 6, was significantly more than others treatments (p0.05). From the aspect of mean weight of broodstock, wasn’t significant difference in treatments (p>0.05). From the aspect of mean length of carapac, wasn’t significant difference in treatments (p>0.05). From the aspect of mean body length, wasn’t significant difference in often treatments (p>0.05), and in treatments 5 and 6 was significantly less than others (p0.05). In the determination of, correlation between weight (g) and total length(cm), (r=0.71), weight and carapace length (cm) (r=0.70), the correlation was strong. Between GSI, HIS, carapace length and total length the correlation was intermediate (r=0.54). The correlation between absolutely fecundity and total length (r=0.20), absolutely fecundity and carapace length (r=0.28), absolutely fecundity and weight (r=0.35) was weak. The results showed that, the use of combination of pelleted diet and natural wet diets can increase female maturation indexes. Totally we can noted that, GSI, HIS and absolute fecundity of broodstock, that fed with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (50 %)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18 %) and veal livier (16 %) (treatment 3) was better than the other treatments. Positive effects of this treatnent on sexual indexes, was due to provide part of nutritional requirement of shrimp broodstock from pelleted diet. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Sargassum ilicifolium were collected from 18 stations of Sistan and Baluchistan coastal waters, washed out, dried and powdered then transferred to laboratory for biochemical analyzing of total protein (% DW) using Kejeldal method, amino acids using HPLC device, Crude fat (%DW) using Soxeleh method, Fatty acids with GC device after determination of FAMES, carbohydrate (%DW) with phenol sulfuric acid method, vitamins with HPLC device, Ash content using burning in Avon, minerals with flame photometry and astaxanthin with spectrophotometry and statistical analysis using SPSS, Ver. 14. Results showed that Sargassum collected from Tis beach near the Chabahar Bay in dried form with 9.18±1.15% protein (p0.05), 1.2% EF(p>0.05), 33.11±2.03% carbohydrate(p0.05) except lysine (p

To regard to dramatic decreasing of pelagic fish and depending on fish meal for sturgeon Feeding a project with title on "Study of possibility of replacement of fish meal by poultry by product in formulated diet of Huso huso" in two faz (fingerling) and (Growth out) were carried out. In first faz, proximate composition of fish meal, poultry by product and diet ingredient were determined , thereafter Six test diets (contain 45% protein and 19 Mj kg^-1 energy) were prepared based on anchovy fish meal and poultry by-product substituted at levels of 20% (PBM_20), 40% (PBM_40), 60% (PBM_60), 80% (PBM_80) and 100% (PBM_100), respectively. Huso huso Fingerlings (28.42±0.17gr ± SD) were stocked in 18 fiberglass tanks and fed to satiation to eight week. Result indicated the highest final weight (FW), Weight gain (WG), Specific growth rate (SGR) and Protein efficiency ratio (PER) were belonged to control diet (350.52 ±21.86_gr),(1133.00 ±74.84%),(3.74±0.092 %per day) and (1.58 ±0.017) respectively. But No significant difference was detected between FM, PBM_20, PBM_40 and PBM_60 (P>0.05), Also, there were not significant difference in treatments for Feed efficiency Ratio between (PBM_0), (PBM_20), (PBM_40), (PBM_60) (PBM_80) respectively (P0.05).The best feed efficiency ratio belonged to fish fed PBM_40 that no significant differences with (PBM_20), (PBM_60) and (PBM_80) (P>0.05).a significant decrease of body lipid observed by increasing of supplementation of poultry by product in diets that lowest body lipid (6.6±0.16) were stabilized in (PBM_80) (P0.05). also hepatosomatc index were significantly increase by increasing of poultry by product in diets respectively that highest were observed in fish fed PBM100 (4.2±0.63) (P

Qom Province with an area of 11,238 km^2 , surrounds about 0.68%of the country area and almost situated in the center of the country and enjoys a hot and dry climate . Because of the unique flora and fauna of the region especially the salt pools - hoze- Sultan and salt lakes enjoys a certain ecosystem in the country. Research has done in different parts of Iran and Qom province regarding the Artemia culture in salt lands that showed a great potential in the country and Qom province. The aim of this study that was held in order of Qom fisheries institute and environmental protection organization of that province and scientific leadership of Iranian Artemia Research Center, was the culture of Qom native Artemia and Artemia franciscana ( foreign species ) across Qom salt lake and determining the prevalence of cultured species in this region for this purpose, site selection and climatic and topographic data collection was held at 5 regions of Qom province. This regions were included margins of salt lake, and hoze sultan, shams abad drainage, railway station, and freshwater culture farm at the north east of Qom salt lake. margins of salt lake, and hoze sultan, were suitable for Artemia investment due to suitable climate and vast area, but they had problems in terms of technical facilities and access to areas . Also, the rail way station and plantation industry had dehydration problems. Therefore, after reviewing the field of agricultural water taken along the 45 km of Kashan and Qom Salt Lake were selected for the project because of the salty ecosystem similar to the lake, presence of salt water drainages downstream of the farm , technical facilities and a large area , soil texture and easy access to the area . For this purpose, six pools with 50 square meters near the reservoir pool available were constructed and 70 g native Artemia cysts of Qom and 23/3 g cysts of Artemia franciscana were hatched in Zooks of 10 liters for each pool ea of 50 square meters under standard condition (salinity 35 ppt pH =8, light lux 2000 and temperature 28°C). By calculating the useful volume of water for culture (112 cubic meters) and Hatching efficiency for native Artemia of Qom (40,000) and Artemia franciscana (120,000), the number of 25 nauplii per liter equal to the 2.8 million nauplii were released to each pool with size 4 × 12 m and high slope with area of 50 meter in the floor and 273 meters in the surface . Non- biological and biological studies, including algae and water analysis and population assessments were performed regularly in pools every 2 weeks. the culture period were from July to mid- October, 2009 for a period of 3/5 months. The results of algal study revealed more abundance of Cholestrium, Navicula, Nitzshia algae during culture period (105 days), that Amphora, etraselmis, Cymbella, Senedesmus, Dscillatoria, Gomphonema genera were observed, too. The results of water parameters analysis revealed that they should preserve at salinity 40–50 ppt, pH 8, water hardness 7000- 9000 mg. the results of population assessment showed a larger amounts of female broods of Qom Artemia at days 15,30 and 90 of culture with average number of 120.3, 68.8 and 29.5 per liter, respectively, comparing to Artemia franciscana with average number of 28.8, 17.5 and 7.7 per liter that was significant (p

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of garlic powder on growth factors, survival rate and body composition of cultured Litopenaeus vannamei by Caspian Sea water. Four groups of beluga sturgeon with mean weight of 34.20± 0.44 g were raised for 56 days in fiber glass tanks (20 shrimp to each tank) and feeding with different levels of garlic powder with concentrations of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% (Three replicates were used for each concentration). At the end of the trial, growth factors (Mean weight increased, percent of weight increased, feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate) and body composition were determined and compared with control group. Our results confirmed that shrimp fed on diet supplemented with 1.0 % garlic powder had significantly higher growth factors and survival rate compared to other treatments (P0.05). Based on the results, using of garlic powder, especially at the level of 1.0% in order to improve the growth performance, survival rate and body composition of L. vannamei is recommended.

The effects of one diet contain of 42 percent soybean meal (experimental treatment with 38 percent crude protein) in comparison with commercial diet (control treatment with 39 percent crud protein) at 6 earthen ponds, each one with the area of 0.4 ha, ( 2 treatments and 3 replicates in each treatment) on growth indexes of western white shrimp (Litopenaeusvannamei) was determined. The initial weight of post larvae was 0.008±0.001g, with density of 25 ind/m2 . The mean of culture periode in the experimental treatment and control treatment was 115 dayes, The mean of growth rate (GR) in the experimental treatment and control treatment was 15.70±0.88g and 15.60±0.52 g, respectively and significant statistically difference was between those (p0.05).The net protein utilization (NPU) in the experimental treatment and control treatment was 17.05 ±0.38 percent and 11.80±0.26 percent respectivelly, and significant statistically difference was between those (p0.05).The amount of diet consumption, in the experimental treatment and control treatment was 5144±112.23 kg and 5055±59.77 kg respectivelly, and significant statistically difference was between those (p

Shrimp culture is one of the important fields in aquaculture which supply a part of necessary animal protein needed by the human being. Due to the limited catch of shrimp from the sea, its culture increasingly was considered. Shrimp culture industry was spreading quickly in developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was determine the bionormative parameters of vannamei shrimp culture using Caspian Sea brakish water in Mazandaran province, comparing the growth parameters of vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) shrimp culture with Caspian Sea brackish water and saline water of Persian Gulf and also possibility of introduction a new aquatic spciese for rereaing in Mazandaran province. The Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared with the brackish water (10±0.43ppt) of the Caspian Sea in Mazandaran province and the Caspian Sea Ecological Research Iinstitute in summer 1391. In this study, post larvae-12 was prepared from Boshehr province. Initially, post larvae in brackish water were gradually adopted. The density of 35 per square pieces in an earthen pond (1000m2) was stocking.The rearing time was 85 days. Average daily growths: 0.31±0.037g; final mean weight: 21.11±0.71; Feed conversion ratio: 0.79 and final yield: 531kg were determined. In addition the experiment of 2012, the results of Mazandaran province vannamei shrimp culture, were observed in 2014 and 2015, the average weight average daily growing and FCR % were 20-18 g and 0.68 - 0.77 respectively during 90 days culture period with harvesting of 40 PL /m2 at cement culture pond. In 2014, average weight, average daily growing and FCR % were 22.6 g and 0.7, respectively during 60 days culture period with harvesting of 18 PL /m2 at earthen pond in Mazandaran province. Then the results of this study, wwere compared with scientific- research reports in field of vannamei shrimp culture from institute and fisheries research centers of south (Bushehr province) and north (Golestan province) of Iran. Important shrimp culture parameters were used in this comparing specially, growth parameters (average weight, average daily growing and survival rate), FCR, final crop, production per hectare and the best harvesting. Therefore, based on initial hypothesis and acquired results, was observred that, vannamie shrimp was reared well using Caspian Sea brakish water in Mazandaran province. In addition, it seems that, vannamei shrimp was gained better results in Mazandaran province compared to two other provinces, because of suitable climate conditions specially water salinity. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

This study was conducted to codify the guideline and indexes of broodstock management in salmonid fish and cryopreservation, selective breeding and sex reversal in hatchery to attain responsible aquaculture development. Cryopreservation includes of sperm and egg in term of economic is important in aquaculture. In this report mentioned the type and name of material. All female and sex reversal fish are produced by steroid hormone which mentioned in this report. Selective breeding include individual selection and family selection which could be used for genetic improvement of fish.

This research was done in a trout farm in Kohkiloyeh and Boyer- Ahmad province. The main object of this study was comparing of two sources of astaxanthin (synthetic or algae) in feed on astaxanthin content of egg in rainbow trout. It was considered seven groups consisting six treatments (T1-T6) in two different astaxanthin sources and a control (C) (without astaxanthin). So, algal astaxanthin (haematococcus pluvialis) in the three levels of 2.67, 3.55 and 8gr/kg food (T1,T2, T3); and synthetic astaxanthin in three levels of 40, 80 and 120mg/kg food in diet (T4, T5, T6) examined on 140 trout broods (3-4 years) for 4 months, before the spawning season. Astaxanthin content of obtained eggs from all treatments in spawning season was measured by HPLC apparatus. The highest and the lowest amount of egg astaxanthin were observed in T3 and C respectively. In each astaxanthin group, a significant difference was obtained between averages in treatments (P

The effects of substituting dietary protein sources with different levels of Sargassum ilicifolium on growth, survival and body composition of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were investigated over the course of a 60 day experiment. A total of 360 juveniles (75±2.8 g) were randomly allotted to four treatment groups including control: with 100% basal diet (BD); T1: 5% sargassum meal (SM)+95% BD; T2: 7.5% (SM)+92.5% BD and T3: 10% (SM)+90% BD. Each treatment group was divided into three replicates of 30 fish per replicate. At the end of the experiment, our results showed that replacement of 5% and 7.5 % of basal diet with sargassum meal showed significant differences in average weight and total length, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain percent (WG), condition factor (CF) and survival rate (SR). There were significant differences between calorie content of carcass in T2 and control with T1 and T3 (p0.05). Levels all of amino acids were higher in fish in T2.

The diet quality and type has a great role in aquatic animals and leads to increase of resistance against diseases and good growth. Cultured andornamental fish do not access to live and selected food due to captivity condition. Threfore, they should be provided with complete diet similar to natural food in captive condition. Carotenoid pigments are responsible of flesh pigmentation of edible fish and skin color of ornamental fish. The accumulation of this pigments in fish tissue has a greate importance in marketing and hence due to lack of its synthesis, carotenoids shoud be added to diet of cultured fish. As the synthetic carotenoids are harmful to the environment , there is a greate interest to use natural carotenoids in ornamental fish diets to obtain bright color. This study was carried out to compare the effects of diets containing Artemia urmiana and Phallocryptus spinosa supplements and commercial feed on growth and survival of goldfish fingerlings, quality of skin color, amounts of total carotenoids, Astaxantin, Canthaxantin and beta-carotene inCultured Carassius auratus during 90 days. The culture medium were contained glass aquaria in controlled condition and suitable for goldfish growth with 12 L: 12 D photoperiod and water temperature of 28±1 oC 3 test groups were included: treatment 1 fed with concentrate diet , treatment 2 fed with concentrate and frizzed Phallocryptus spinosa with tha same concentrations and treatment 3 fed with concentrate and frizzed Artemia urmiana with the same concentrations . Each treatment contains 2 replications and each replication consisted of 30 goldfish. In this study, The amounts of total carotenoids using spectrophotometer modelWPA, astaxantin, canthaxantin and beta-carotene using HPLC model Younglin, UK, were determined in the skin of Carassius auratus at the end of the exprement period. The results revealed that the most growth rate (GR), specific growth rate and condition factor (CF) were 0.11 ±0.006, 0.34 ± 0.015 and 3.96 ± 0.10, respectively which due to treatment 3 and the most weight gain and length gain including 8.57± 1.18g and 31.54± 3.33 mm, respectively due to treatment 2 .During rearing period, there was not any significant difference among treatments (p>0.05). The analysis of obtained data showed that there was a significant difference between diets containing live food and concentrate diet (p

Artemia as a live food has multiple applications in aquaculture. Artemia contains few unsaturated 3-omega fatty acids particularly eicozapentanoeic acid (EPA) and has no 6-omega fatty acids particularly decozahexanoeic acid (DHA), so Artemia naplious is enriched to improve its food values. The most famous enrichment emulsion are selco and super-selco made by Euro-American INVE Company. This study was performed to make Artemia enrichment emulsions by internal potentials. At first, the final composition of Artemia enrichment emulsion (selco) was determined in Urmia university chemical analysis laboratory. Then, aquatic fishing resources in south of the country such as eye oil of tuna fish, shark liver, cuttlefish and plant oils of sunflower, olive and beef oil were used. Fatty acids profiles were analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC). The results showed that cuttlefish may produce 13± 3 % wet weight of fatty acids. We made 3 enrichment oils which contained 60± 10 % of plant and animal oils. These suspensions fatty acids were analyzed and the results were compared with control sample. Field tests were performed on 200000 Artemia urmiana naplious by enriching the Artemia with enrichment emulsions and the products were analyzed by GC. The results indicated that the rate of emulsions absorbance in imported and internal samples were 37.47, 25.30, 18.88, 22.14 and 10.32 respectively. In the next stage, enriched Artemia naplious were fed as live food to 500 trout larvae in Ziveh Aquaculture Company as follows: Treatment 1- Control consisted of new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food Treatment 2- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus un-enriched naplious Treatment 3- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus selco oil enriched naplious Treatment 4- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus emulsion-1 oil enriched naplious Treatment 5- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus emulsion-2 oil enriched naplious Treatment 6- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus emulsion-3 oil enriched naplious The results indicated that treatments 1, 2 had significant difference with treatments 3, 4, 5, 6 from survival rate, growth coefficient, obesity coefficient, total length, food conversion coefficient, final weight and protein percent. Abnormalities rates in treatments 1, 2 had significant difference with treatments 3, 4, 5 , 6 in which enriched emulsions were not used, but these indices had no significant difference with commercial samples which shows internal made emulsions can easily be used. The data were analyzed by one-way analyses variance and Duncan test in SPSS and EXCELL softwares. In conclusion, we can make enrichment selco oils in the country by internal potentials which the foreign samples can be replaced by them.

Attention to the aquaculture capacity in inland water is needed to reach production of 262072 tons which was implicited in sixth economical and social development program of culture and production warmwater fishes industry. On of the most important aim of progressive management in fisheries program is native aquaculture activity with emphasis on Barbus fishes in Iran.Benni fish is one of the species of this genus despit of low relative growth rate, but is as a desire fishes in market. This fish not only has high fecondity and feed phytoplankton during the larval stages but also is very delicious for consumers. During the fifth economical and social development program there were so many projects have been done on aquaculture of this species but needs to analysis of all data which is important for successive future its aquaculture commercially. The precent analytical investigation base on three decades data, was done for completeing that gap including of analytical activities of researches were done, developmental access to fish aqu culture in six proficiency subjects , propagation and cultue, nutrition, genetic, health and disease biology, physiologt and determination of weak points. Then base on guideline studies on warmwater aquaculture and developmental road map, several suggestion for doing apply research were adopted.

Saltwater resources with Artemia (Brine shrimp) are the important ecosystems in Semi-arid Areas. That can play an important role in sustaining the economic and social system. Alternatively, will ensure that economic and social issues with of continuity and sustainability of these ecosystems resident. This study carried out "Effects of Artemia parthenogenetica culturing on socio-economic development of the eastern marginal lands, Qom Salt Lake" that was ordered by Qom province general directorate of fisheries during the 2012-2013. According to previous studies, despite the potential of human resources and Social conditions for the development of economic activities, factors such as the low groundwater and drying the salt lake , lack of fresh water in the region, environmental problems , successive droughts, prioritize and rationalize water use in agriculture, Artemia cyst harvest or Artemia culture has made virtually impossible with the current situation and has deprived the tools to make investments for the construction of earthen ponds and exploitation of native Artemia in the eastern margin of the Qom lake . Also, due to the occurrence of the Lake in the national park and privacy protection and Prohibited areas of environmental protection organization, it seems unlikely that this organization grant approval agreement required for any exploitation. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

This study was performed to compare the efficiency of six microalgae namely Dunaliella tertiolecta, Tetraselmis suecica, Nannochloropsis oculata, Chaetoceros sp., Chlorella sp. and Spirolina sp. on the growth, survival rate and reproduction efficacy in Artemia urmiana in laboratory conditions. Artemia cysts were harvested from Urmia Lake and hatched according to the standard method. Live microalgae were cultured using the f/2 culture medium. Artemia survival was determined in treatments on days 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20. A highly significant difference (p

Recirculation water system in shrimp culture with objective of decline waste materials of culture media and decreasing the disease is one of strategy which helping the shrimp production. In this investigation, effects of different densities of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture with white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei ) on growth, nutrients conversion rate (nitrogen and phosphor) of shrimp biomass and production economy in recirculation system were studied. Economical efficiency obtained according to final harvested biomass (shrimp and tilapia), the price and other costs for each treatment. Experiments were done in tanks with 6 treatments including: Culture shrimp with exchanged water (T1), culture shrimp with recirculated water system (T2) and integrated culture of shrimp with different densities of tilapia (T3- 0.01, T4- 0.025, T5- 0.05 and T6- 0.075 shrimp- tilapia ratio). The density of shrimp in all treatments was constant about 40/m2. Shrimps were fed with commercial food pellet for 8 weeks. Tilapia was not fed during 7 weeks of experiment. Growth rate and total production of shrimp in T2 compared to that of T5 and T6 and results showed significant differences. No significant differences were detected with other treatments. Growth rate in T3 significantly increased compared to other treatments. Nitrogen conversion rate of biomass (tilapia and shrimp) in all treatments except T1 statistically demonstrated an increasing rate as the tilapia-shrimp ratio was increased. Phosphor conversion ratio of biomass (tilapia and shrimp) showed an increment in T3, T4, T5 and T6 and was significantly different with T1 and T2. Production economy in T2 followed by T4 was significantly increased compared with other treatments. The lowest economical efficiency obtained in T5 and T6 and the highest found in T2. The results of present study suggest that in integrated culture system (tilapia-shrimp), increasing tilapia densities may have a direct significance effect on phosphor conversion rate improvement and an inverse effect on nitrogen conversion and shrimp growth rates. Regarding to studied parameters, decreasing the tilapia- shrimp ratio (0.01 and 0.025) increased nitrogen conversion rate with no decrease in shrimp growth rate.

In order to optimal using of constructed earthpond in fesendoz area which in not used for the maine objective (warm water fish culture) because of previous drought years, the possibility of them for Artemia culture with drainage (40 ppt) and salin well (90ppt) waters between 2012-13 were evaluated. In the first year 2 ha and in the second year 7 ha were prepared according to standard method and artemia nauplii were released 60 /L then fertilized with fertilization method in order to obtain 40 cm transparency with using sechi disc. After reaching to adalt stage and in order to fertilization management Artemai biomass were harvested daily 300 to 1000 g base of the early and late production periods. After observed the cysts it gathered by using sachok, proccess and maintain in freezer for stopping diapousthen dried and canned in 330g can with 7±1 % humidity. All the production costs for biomass 100000 Rials and for cyst 1800000 rials while they selling 250000 rials and 2500000 Rilas respectively.

Accurate scientific and practical plan for achieving the goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran within the framework of Vision development 1404, is the infrastructure achieving sustainable development of the country. Order to achieve the above mentioned objectives and in order to the comprehensive development plans in the country, Iranian fisheries research organization adjust the fifth developing plan for support of executive related departments in country with mobilization a large number researchers consists of several working groups of ifro affiliated research centers. The fifth developing plan consist of three chapters for report of the forth developing plan and intrudction of research, construction plans and financial support (budjet) for period of 2011-2014 A.C.

In this report rules and focal points about code of conduct for cold water farm, warm water establishment, mechanization management and oxygen generators are collected and discussed. One of the most important point difference between aquaculture engineering with mechanization. Mechanization is improvement of management level from ancient to better by some special tools but aquaculture engineering can do by any vessel in every management.

Fish meal production has been fixed in the world because of a limitation in fish stocks. On the other hand, demand of fish meal is growing daily and consequent the cost, too. Therefor, attention to the other protein sources is nessesary. Some plant protein sources, especially oilseeds, have valuable potentials for replacing fish meal because of relative high production in the world and Iran and low cost. According to existing information and availability, cottonseed meal and canola meal were selected as oilseeds; and Azolla was considered whether to be controlled in north provinces of Iran as weed. Growth indices (WG and SGR), food (FCR) and protein efficiency (PER and PCE) of fingerling Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were evaluated in 3 synchronous examinations with 12 treatments and 36 replications. Groups of control, canola meal (at rates of 25, 50, 75 and 100%), cottonseed meal (at rates of 15, 25, 35 and 45%), as the replacements of expensive protein sources (fish meal and soybean meal), and azolla (at rates of 13, 21 and 29% of diet) were studied. Growth indices, total food intake and protein intake of control group were higher than all diets contained plant protein sources. They decreased with plant protein increasing in every grous, separagely (p0.05) between control and canola meal (at rates of 25 and 50%), cottonseed meal (at rates of 15, 25 and 35%) and azolla (at rates of 13 and 21%). All plant protein ingredients were unpalatable, and consequent total food intake, protein consumption and growth decreased. It will be expected that Canola meal and cottonseed meal replace expensive protein sources at the rates of 50 and 35% respectively, and azolla use at the rate of 21% in diets If the problem in palatability solves. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

This study was conducted to codify the guideline and indexes of optimal management in warm-water fish farms to attain sustainable aquaculture which they are population density, species diversity, brood stock'smanagements, capacity determination, growth and harvesting managements in cultural ponds. As results, these guideline and indexes were codifies for these fish farms and propagation centers. It's obviously that these sustainable patterns can be used for improving of permanent development for this aquacultural industry.

This study was to assess the silver carp diet compositionduring grow out period. The experiment was conducted in a well-managed fish farm located at Mazndarn province from 2012 to 2013. Totally five samples from the pond water and also silver cap intestines were collected in May, April, Jun, July, August and September of 2012. The results showed that there are five phyla of phytoplankton in the ponds including: Phyrophyta, Bacilluryophyta, Cyanophyta, Clorophyta, Oglenophyta. A comparison of phytoplankton populationindicated a significant differences throughout the five sampling sessions (P

In this paper age determination and morphological characteristics of blacktip catfish, Plicofollis dussumieri, from Oman Sea were evaluated. A total of 132 fish specimens were collected from fishing trawlers or landings from March 2011 to July 2012, with minimum and maximum of 245 mm, 195 g; and 767 mm, 5801 g, respectively. Maximum life span was 12 years for the length range of 245 – 767 mm FL, while total body weight (BW) ranged between 195 and 5801 g and the resultant equation was: W = 0.040 L^2.8275 (R^2 = 0.99). High correlation coefficient value found between age and FL was R= 0.97 and for age-BW was 0.94. This value for otolith weight and BW was estimated to be 0.91 and showing that there were significant correlations between measured parameters. Lapillus otolith in blacktip catfish is the biggest otolith among most teleostei fishes, also the Sagitta is the biggest. Lapillus of this species is round, robust, onion-like and without sulcus curve, with no obvious growth increments in rostrum and antirostrum zones. In ventral side Gibbus maculae is concave having prominentia marginalis in anterior and basal line in posterior parts.

This survey carried out from 2012 to 2013 to study of suitable site selection for carp and trout fish species for responsible aquaculture possibility by data collection and literature study.During the survey ecological factors including physical and chemical factors,geological factors including topography and type of soil,biological factors including selection of species and control of invader animals,climatic factors,geographical factors and pollutant including heavy metals,agricultural pesticides Surfactants and crude oils were recognized.Also in comparing with standard levels suitable rate of each important factor in aquaculture were studied. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) on growth and survival performances of sturgeon juvenile fish (Acipenser stellatus). 90 sturgeon fry fishes (average weight 30.16±0/14 gram) has been brought from Sturgeon International, Research Institute and stored in fiberglass tanks using randomize design with 3 treatments each with 3 replicates in relative constant physico-chemical water parameters(P>0.05) then fed with basal adaptive food for two weeks. Fry fed 11 weeks with diets containing 0% (Basal food), 1% and 2% oligofructose (Raftilose p95, Sigma Co.) added to the basal food. The results revealed that 1% pribiotic compare to other treatments caused increasing weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and liver indices significantly (p< 0.05) but there is no any significant difference between treatment's survival rates (p> 0.05). At the end of experiment, after bleeding from sample fries, the hematological characters showed that there are no any differences between hemoglobin, WBC and RBC numbers, hematocrit, MCV, MCH and MCHC between treatments(P>0.05) although the number of WBC in 1% and numbers of neutrophils in 1 and 2% prebiotic had differences with zero% significantly (P< 0.05). Based on these results good influence on the improving growth and feeding performances by oligofroctose as prebiotic was proved in Acipenser stellatus fries and 1% level was the best.

Carotenoid pigments are responsible for pigmentation of edible fish muscle and skin of ornamental fishes. Accumulation of this colorful substance is important in fish marketing and there is a need to add carotenoids in cultured fish. In this study, Carassius auratus feeding was undertaken with 3 treatments including concentrate, frozen fairy shrimps (Phallocryptus spinosa) and concentrate with the same ratio and freezed Artemia urmiana and concentrate with the same ratio for 90 days. The amounts of total carotenoids were determined in the skin of different treatments at the end of the experiment using spectrophotometer model WPA, UK, astaxantin, canthaxantin and beta-carotene using HPLC model Younglin , UK. The results revealed that the most skin pigmentation obtained from the diet contained fairy shrimp. Also, carotenoid pigments were significantly higher in goldfish fed with live food supplement comparing concentrate one. The results showed a significant difference among different diets as in concentrate, concentrate and freezed fairy shrimps, concentrate and freezed artemia diets. Amounts of Mean (±SD) total carotenoids were 1.09± 0.3, 3.90 ± 0.021 and 2.07 ± 0.05mg/100, astaxantin were 84.57±0.23, 205.82± 0.40 and 102.24± 0.63 mg/g and canthaxanthin were 0.24± 0.01, 35.79± 0.17 and 30.64 ± 0.2 mg/g and beta carotene were 34.73± 0.11, 138.78 ± 0.2 and 69.77 ± 0.15 ng/g of fish skin, respectively. Therefore, Fairy shrimps can be used as a suitable replacement for artemia to enhance color of ornamental fish. This is an environmental friendly food with the lower cost compared to high cost synthetic pigments.

In the first chapter, all documents in aquaculture feed, feed formulation, nutritional requirement and basic concepts of aquatic feeding had been collected. The second chapter focused on broodstock feeding in order to improve reproduction effecieny . The third chapter performed to importance of live food specially in sturgeon fishes larvae and the forth chapter attended to biology and ecology of this fishes and finally in the fifth chaper, special nutrition and feeding in sturgeon fish larvae had been brought with all the works out in Iran on. There are 63 documents including papers, thesis and reports from different research library and universities among them 34 base on sturgeon larvae nutrition specially on Huso huso and Persian sturgeon species and almost there are not any documents on the other three species. 14 documents comes from the role of protein, energy and lipid replacements basically in the first growth year, 3 of back to the special nutrition requirement of Persian and Huso huso species and 12 were on digestive enzymes physiology, the role of probiotic and prebiotic on growth and survival rate. Almost there is not any organization in Iran to work on this species specificly and it seems every student and researcher paid attend to a narrow way of high way sturgeon fish researches. There is not any data bank on these important fishes and some repeated worked out by researchers in different parts of the country. Beside of this documents there had been gathered some research documents from the other countires for comparing and showing the correct way in this regards. First, we must focus on broodstock sturgeon feeding, then on egg and yolk analysis, larval stages, morphology, measurement of larval mouth and finding the best live food for different stages of sturgeon larviculture and finnaly on digestive physiology and enzymatic activities. In the stage of shifting from endogenous to exogenous feeding, nutritional requirement, protein digestibility, essential and free amino acids, essential fatty acids spcially PUFA and HUFA, vitamins, minerals, pigments, growth and survival stimulants and resistance to physiological environmental stress are very important to search. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Artemia is the most widespread live food used in the production of different stages in many aquaculture organisms. It is a non-selective filter feeding organism. Generally, microalgae are the most favorable feeds for Artemia, particularly when the algal species have suitable size, digestibility and nutrient values. This study was performed to compare the efficiency of three microalgae namely Dunaliella tertiolecta, Tetraselmis suecica, Nannochloropsis oculata , Chlorella sp., Cheatocerus sp., Spirolina sp. and Isochrices sp. on the growth, survival and reproduction efficacy in Artemia urmiana in laboratory conditions. Artemia cysts were harvested from Urmia Lake and hatched according to the standard method. Live microalgae were cultured using the Walne and F/2 Guillard's culture mediums. Artemia survival was determined in treatments on days 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20. Length growth of A. urmiana was measured by Motic SMZ- 168 stereomicroscope equipped by Motic MLC- 150c apparatus and related software in three-day intervals. To determine reproduction efficiency characteristics such as cysts and nauplious production, intervals between two successive reproductions, first reproduction time and the date of female Artemia were analyzed. Statistics analysis was performed by one-way variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test in SPSS 18 software.The results indicated a significant difference (p < 0.01) among three microalgae in terms of length growth, survival rates and reproduction characteristics in A.urmiana. On the other hand, there was a direct relationship between Artemia length growth and reproductive characteristics. In general, this study showed that survival rate, length growth and reproductive characteristics of A.urmiana fed by Dunaliella tertiolecta were significantly higher than A.urmiana fed by other microalgae.Therefore, it seems that Artemia culture in salt water with Dunaliella as natural flora is a suitable choice. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Artemia has been widely used in aquaculture as a suitable live food. The presence of highly unsaturated fatty acids is a key factor that determines the nutritional value and marketing of Artemia for shrimp, marine larvae, sturgeon and ornamental fish industries. To determine the variation in nutritional content in cysts, decapsulated cysts and nauplii of Artemia from three different biotopes of Iran, were tested for their protein, lipid, energy, and fatty acid profiles, particularly essential fatty acids. The cysts collected from Urmia, Maharlou and Meighan lakes, were rinsed, processed, decapsulated, hatched and then analyzed for proximate and fatty acid composition using standard methods. Statistical comparisons of the results revealed significant differences not only in proximate composition but also in fatty acid contents (p

In this study, Daphnia longispina were fed with two freshwater green algae species, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus, enriched with Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus were isolated and cultured for mass production. Three treatments with three replicates and a control group were considered to conduct this study. In order to investigate feeding, a total of 30 Acipenser persicus larvae with the initial mean weight of 68±3.6 mg were distributed into 12 plastic tanks of 60 L. Experimental fish larvae were fed daphnia collected from earthen ponds (as control group), daphnia enriched with Scenedesmus dimorphus (treatment 1), daphnia enriched with Chlorella vulgaris (treatment 2) and daphnia enriched with Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus (at the rates of 50%) (treatment 3). The microalgae density to enrich daphnia is estimated at 5×107 cells mL^-1. Fish larvae were fed at an amount of 30% body weight per day for four times. During the experimental period, water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and pH ranged between 18-24°C, 5.8-7.2 mg l^-1 and 5.6-8.2, respectively. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the highest (32.3 %) in D. longispina enriched with Chlorella vulgaris and the highest concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (19.8%) was observed in D. longispina enriched with Scenedesmus dimorphus. The highest (21.6%) and lowest (13.2%) concentrations of PUFA in fish larvae were recorded in treatment 3 and the control group, respectively. The results obtained from the body weight increase (BWI %) revealed that there were significant differences (P≤0.05) between treatment 3 (daphnia enriched with chlorella and scenedesmus) and other treatments. The highest (5.5±1.24% day^-1) and the lowest (4.6±1.13% day^-1) mean specific growth rates (SGR) were recorded in fish fed treatment 3 and the control group, respectively. The lowest (68%) and the highest (85%) survival rates were obtained in the control group and treatment 3, respectively.

According to achieve sustainable production in shrimp farming industry, it is necessary to provide the relief of producers through insurance. Aquaculture faces various environmental conditions such as unpredictable climate changes, epidemic diseases, harsh water factors, that may affect the production cycle, and impact on producer's life. In this research, the effects of various factors on production of cultured shrimp have been studied. The project conducted through completion of questionaries by random selected of small scale farms, and all large farms which engaged in production in that years. In order to increase the accuracy of responses, special questionnaires provided to fill in by expertise experts.All data explained the share of management and natural factors on production process. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Aquatic insects as bioindicators and in order to determine water quality in relation to organic matters were used to evaluate the water quality of Fars Province streams and two drainages. Eighteen springs that were presumed to be undisturbed by human activities and two others, disturbed by human activities were chosen to show the effects of the pollutions. Insects fauna or each stream were sampled seasonally in a year period by D. framed aquatic net. Each species (with index value) was used for calculating the biotic index pollutants of these water resources. Water quality determined for 18 springs and two drainages, Based on these values. Chel Cheshmeh, Salavat, Shirin and streams had excellent water qualities (no organic pollution). Paeen, Tang-e-Bostanak and Kamfirooz had good water quality with possible slight organic pollution. Kavar and Barm-e-delak streams had fair water quality (significant organic pollution) and two drainages had poor water qualities (very significant and sever organic pollution). To compare the results, some physical and chemical parameters of water were measured.

Cochlodinium is a dinoflagel that, with their bloom in the coastal water of worlds, can case fish mortality. Cochlodinium was detected in Persian Gulf, since 2008. After purification of C. polykricoides with light, the culture of cochlodinium, with medium of f/2 (modified), Guilard (f/2-Si), TMRL, Conway, ESM and the mixed of sea shore sediment with salt water (32 ppt) was done. The culture of cochlodinium in test tube, erlanmeyer with volume of 200-1000 ml and aquariums with the volume of 16 liter (each with 10 liter water) with three replicates in each treatment were done. Only the culture of cochlodinium with f/2 (modyfied) was possible in the aquarium. The culture of cochlodinium with TMRL medium in aquarium was not desirable and only in one aquarium from 3 aquariums, the density of cochlodinium reached to 910.000. cell per liter. The use of f/2 (modyfied) medium in the test tubes, and erlanmeyers, with the volume of 100-1000 ml, lead to suitable cochlodinium bloom. The maximum cell density in total treatments (with 3 replicates in each treatment) in test tube 3.283.000. cell (in 15 days), in erlanmeyer with 200 ml volume, 6.393.000. cells (in 22 days), in erlanmeyer with 500 ml volume, 2.833.000. cells (in 40 days) and in aquarium 3.600 .000. cells (in 46 days) counted. Cochlodinium culture with TMRL Medium in test tube and erlanmeyer was done successfully, but with the increase of erlanmeyer volume, the blooms of cochlodinium was lesser than f/2 (modyfied) medium. The maximum of cell count of TMRL Medium in test tube 2.683.000. cells (in 12 days), in erlanmeyer with 100 ml volume, 3.207.000. cells (in 36 days), in erlanmeyer with 250 ml 3.040.000. cells (in 18 days), in erlan with 1000 ml 2.325.000. cells (in 34 days) and in aquarium 550.000. cells (in 28 days) in each litre. Unsuccessful culture of cochlodinium with Conway medium, Gyllard (f/2-Si) and mixed salt water (32 ppt) with sea shore sediments, even in the test tube, indicated that these mediums weren’t suitablefor copchlodinium culture. With the increase of erlanmeyer volume, the success of ESM medium decreased. But, in test tube and in erlanmeye with 100 ml volum, was almost, successful. We can concluded that, cochlodinium culture required, special condition and medium, that in f/2 (modyfied) medium the culture of cochlodinium was successful. The maximum cochlodinium cell count was 6.5 million per liter in one aquarium. The mean of 3 replicate of this treatment was 3.600.000. cells per liter with f/2 (modified) medium. For culture of cochlodinium polykricoides, the f/2 (modyfied) medium was better than others mediums.