1,825 results on '"Hagger, Martin S."'
Search Results
2. Developing an open science ‘mindset’
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Hagger, Martin S
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Psychology ,Clinical and Health Psychology ,Applied and Developmental Psychology ,Open science ,research transparency ,data sharing ,pre-registration ,replication crisis ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Applied and developmental psychology ,Clinical and health psychology - Abstract
BackgroundIdentification of widespread biases present in reported research findings in many scientific disciplines, including psychology, such as failures to replicate and the likely extensive application of questionable research practices, has raised serious concerns over the reliability and trustworthiness of scientific research. This has led to the development of, and advocacy for, 'open science' practices, including data, materials, analysis, and output sharing, pre-registration of study predictions and analysis plans, and increased access to published research findings. Implementation of such practices has been enthusiastic in some quarters, but literacy in, and adoption of, these practices has lagged behind among many researchers in the scientific community.AdvancesIn the current article I propose that researchers adopt an open science 'mindset', a comprehensive approach to open science predicated on researchers' operating under the basic assumption that, wherever possible, open science practices will be a central component of all steps of their research projects. The primary, defining feature of the mindset is a commitment to open science principles in all research projects from inception to dissemination. Other features of the mindset include the assumption that all components of research projects (e.g. pre-registered hypotheses, protocols, materials, analysis plans, data, and output) will be accessible broadly; pro-active selection of open fora to disseminate research components and findings; open and transparent dissemination of reports of the research findings in advance of, and after, formal publication; and active promotion of open science practices through education, modeling, and advocacy.ConclusionThe open science mindset is a 'farm to fork' approach to open science aimed at promoting comprehensive quality in application of open science, and widening participation in open science practices so that they become the norm in research in health psychology and behavioral medicine going forward.
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- 2022
3. Predicting physical activity change in cancer survivors: an application of the Health Action Process Approach
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Hardcastle, Sarah J, Maxwell-Smith, Chloe, and Hagger, Martin S
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Cancer ,Humans ,Cancer Survivors ,Exercise ,Intention ,Neoplasms ,Self Efficacy ,Action planning ,Behavior change ,Cancer survivors ,Theory ,Oncology ,Public Health and Health Services ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
PurposePrevious research has not examined the utility of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) to predict physical activity (PA) change in cancer survivors. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of a HAPA-based model in predicting temporal change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in cancer survivors.MethodsParticipants enrolled in the Wearable Activity Technology and Action Planning (WATAAP) trial completed validated questionnaires (n = 64) to assess HAPA constructs (action and maintenance self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, action planning, risk perceptions, and intention) and wore an ActiGraph to measure PA at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks later. Data were analyzed using variance-based structural equation modeling with residualized change scores for model variables.ResultsConsistent with predictions, changes in action self-efficacy (β = 0.490, p
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- 2022
4. Perceived determinants of physical activity among women with prior severe preeclampsia: a qualitative assessment
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Kókai, Lili L, van der Bijl, Marte F, Hagger, Martin S, Ó Ceallaigh, Diarmaid T, Rohde, Kirsten IM, van Kippersluis, Hans, van Lennep, Jeanine E Roeters, and Wijtzes, Anne I
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Cardiovascular ,Clinical Research ,Contraception/Reproduction ,Exercise ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Motivation ,Pre-Eclampsia ,Pregnancy ,Social Support ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Preeclampsia ,Cardiovascular health ,Physical activity ,Perceived determinants ,Qualitative study ,Nursing ,Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine ,Public Health and Health Services ,Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine ,Reproductive medicine ,Midwifery ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundThe objective of this study was to (1) qualitatively identify the perceived determinants of physical activity among women who have experienced severe preeclampsia, and (2) examine whether these determinants are consistent with the overarching processes outlined in the integrated behavior change (IBC) model, a novel model that describes physical activity as being a result of motivational, volitional, and automatic processes.MethodsPatients (n = 35) of the Follow-Up PreEClampsia (FUPEC) Outpatient Clinic, Erasmus MC, the Netherlands, participated in an anonymous online survey. The main outcomes under study were their perceived determinants of physical activity. Responses were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsThirteen themes emerged from the analysis. Six themes corresponded with motivational processes (future health, perceived ability, attitude, future reward or regret, physical appearance, and doing it for others), two with volitional processes (scheduling and planning), and two with automatic processes (affect and stress). Three themes were classified as environmental factors (time constraint, social support, and physical environment).ConclusionsA range of facilitating and hindering factors were described by women with prior severe preeclampsia as the determinants of their physical activity. These factors corresponded well with the overarching motivational, volitional, and automatic processes described in the IBC model. In addition, motivational and environmental factors beyond the IBC model were described. Addressing these perceived determinants could enhance the efficacy of physical activity interventions in this population.Tweetable abstractMotivational, volitional, automatic, and environmental factors drive physical activity in women with prior severe preeclampsia.
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- 2022
5. Correction: Needs and preferences of women with prior severe preeclampsia regarding app-based cardiovascular health promotion
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Kókai, Lili L., van der Bijl, Marte F., Hagger, Martin S., Ceallaigh, Diarmaid T. Ó., Rohde, Kirsten I. M., van Kippersluis, Hans, Burdorf, Alex, Duvekot, Johannes J., van Lennep, Jeanine E. Roeters, and Wijtzes, Anne I.
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- 2023
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6. Predicting COVID‐19 booster vaccine intentions
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Hagger, Martin S and Hamilton, Kyra
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Prevention ,Immunization ,Vaccine Related ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,3.4 Vaccines ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,Good Health and Well Being ,COVID-19 ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Humans ,Intention ,Vaccination ,Vaccines ,behavior change ,integrated models ,social cognition theory ,vaccine attitudes and beliefs ,vaccine hesitancy ,Psychology - Abstract
Achieving broad immunity through vaccination is a cornerstone strategy for long-term management of COVID-19 infections, particularly the prevention of serious cases and hospitalizations. Evidence that vaccine-induced immunity wanes over time points to the need for COVID-19 booster vaccines, and maximum compliance is required to maintain population-level immunity. Little is known of the correlates of intentions to receive booster vaccines among previously vaccinated individuals. The present study applied an integrated model to examine effects of beliefs from multiple social cognition theories alongside sets of generalized, stable beliefs on individuals' booster vaccine intentions. US residents (N = 479) recruited from an online survey panel completed measures of social cognition constructs (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and risk perceptions), generalized beliefs (vaccine hesitancy, political orientation, and free will beliefs), and COVID-19 vaccine intentions. Social cognition constructs were related to booster vaccine intentions, with attitude and subjective norms exhibiting the largest effects. Effects of vaccine hesitancy, political orientation, and free will beliefs on intentions were mediated by the social cognition constructs, and only vaccine hesitancy had a small residual effect on intentions. Findings provide preliminary evidence that contributes to an evidence base of potential targets for intervention messages aimed at promoting booster vaccine intentions.
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- 2022
7. The common sense model of illness self-regulation: a conceptual review and proposed extended model
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Hagger, Martin S and Orbell, Sheina
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Behavioral and Social Science ,Mind and Body ,Management of diseases and conditions ,7.1 Individual care needs ,Mental health ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adaptation ,Psychological ,Humans ,Self-Control ,Self-regulation theory ,parallel-processing model ,social cognition ,illness perceptions ,illness cognition ,coping procedures ,Psychology - Abstract
The common sense model of illness self-regulation outlines the dynamic processes by which individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to health threats and illness-related information. An extended version of the model is proposed, which specifies additional constructs and processes to explain how lay perceptions of health threats impact coping responses and health-related outcomes. The extended model provides detail on: (a) the mediating process by which individuals' illness representations relate to illness outcomes through adoption of coping procedures; (b) how illness representations are activated by presentation of health-threatening stimuli; (c) behavioral and treatment beliefs as determinants of coping procedures and illness outcomes alongside illness representations; and (d) effects of moderators of relations between cognitive representations, coping procedures, and illness outcomes. The extended model sets an agenda for future research that addresses knowledge gaps regarding how individuals represent and cope with health threats, and may inform effective illness-management interventions. We identify the kinds of research required to provide robust evidence for the extended model propositions. We call for research that employs incipient illness samples, utilizes designs that capture dynamic processes in the model such as cross-lagged panel and intervention designs, and adopts illness-specific measures of coping procedures rather than relying on generic instruments.
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- 2022
8. Social cognition theories and behavior change in COVID-19: A conceptual review.
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Hagger, Martin S and Hamilton, Kyra
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Humans ,Health Behavior ,Psychological Theory ,Pandemics ,COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Social Cognition ,Automatic processes ,COVID-19 preventive behaviors ,Integrated models ,Mechanism of action ,Motivation ,Reflective processes ,Prevention ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Good Health and Well Being ,Psychology ,Cognitive Sciences ,Clinical Psychology - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented health, economic, and social consequences worldwide. Although contact reductions and wearing face coverings have reduced infection rates, and vaccines have reduced illness severity, emergence of new variants of the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, and the shift from pandemic to endemic patterns of infection, highlights the importance of ongoing preventive behavior adherence to manage future outbreaks. Research applying social cognition theories may assist in explaining variance in these behaviors and inform the development of efficacious behavior change interventions to promote adherence. In the present article, we summarize research applying these theories to identify modifiable determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors and the mechanisms involved, and their utility in informing interventions. We identify limitations of these applications (e.g., overreliance on correlational data, lack of long-term behavioral follow-up), and suggest how they can be addressed. We demonstrate the virtue of augmenting theories with additional constructs (e.g., moral norms, anticipated regret) and processes (e.g., multiple action phases, automatic processes) to provide comprehensive, parsimonious behavioral explanations. We also outline how the theories contribute to testing mechanisms of action of behavioral interventions. Finally, we recommend future studies applying these theories to inform and test interventions to promote COVID-19 preventive behavior adherence.
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- 2022
9. Social cognition correlates of self-management behaviors in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH): A meta-analytic review
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Majeed, Rabia, Hamilton, Kyra, Watts, Gerald F., and Hagger, Martin S.
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- 2024
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10. Social cognition, personality and social-political correlates of health behaviors: Application of an integrated theoretical model
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Griffith, Zoe M., Polet, Juho, Lintunen, Taru, Hamilton, Kyra, and Hagger, Martin S.
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- 2024
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11. Needs and preferences of women with prior severe preeclampsia regarding app-based cardiovascular health promotion
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Kókai, Lili L, van der Bijl, Marte F, Hagger, Martin S, Ó Ceallaigh, Diarmaid T, Rohde, Kirsten IM, van Kippersluis, Hans, Burdorf, Alex, Duvekot, Johannes J, van Lennep, Jeanine E Roeters, and Wijtzes, Anne I
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Health Services and Systems ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Nutrition ,Cardiovascular ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Hypertension ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Stroke ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Good Health and Well Being ,Pregnancy ,Humans ,Female ,Male ,Pre-Eclampsia ,Mobile Applications ,Health Promotion ,Health Behavior ,Sugars ,Preeclampsia ,Cardiovascular health promotion ,Intervention design ,Needs and preferences assessment ,Nursing ,Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine ,Public Health and Health Services ,Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine ,Reproductive medicine ,Midwifery ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundWomen with prior severe preeclampsia are at an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases later in life compared to women who had a normotensive pregnancy. The objective of this study was to assess their needs and preferences regarding app-based cardiovascular health promotion.MethodsPatients (n = 35) of the Follow-Up PreEClampsia Outpatient Clinic (FUPEC), Erasmus MC, the Netherlands, participated in an anonymous online survey. The main outcomes under study were women's needs for health behavior promotion, and their preferences with respect to intervention delivery. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate needs, and thematic analysis was used to analyze preferences.ResultsWomen's primary need for health behavior promotion pertained to their fat and sugar intake and physical activity; for some, to their mental health (practices), fruit and vegetable intake, salt intake, and water intake; and for a few, to their alcohol and tobacco use. Most women preferred an app-based intervention to include, in descending order: the tracking of health-related metrics, an interactive platform, the use of behavior change strategies, the provision of information, and personalization.ConclusionCardiovascular health promotion targeting women with prior severe preeclampsia should feel relevant to its audience. App-based interventions are likely to be well received if they target fat and sugar intake and physical activity. These interventions should preferably track health-related metrics, be interactive, contain behavior change strategies, provide information, and be personalized. Adopting these findings during intervention design could potentially increase uptake, behavior change, and behavior change maintenance in this population.
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- 2022
12. The Vaccination Concerns in COVID-19 Scale (VaCCS): Development and validation
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Hamilton, Kyra and Hagger, Martin S
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Social and Personality Psychology ,Psychology ,Immunization ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Mind and Body ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Vaccine Related ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.4 Vaccines ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Australia ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Factor Analysis ,Statistical ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Vaccination Hesitancy ,Young Adult ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
Vaccines are highly effective in minimizing serious cases of COVID-19 and pivotal to managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite widespread availability, vaccination rates fall short of levels required to bring about widespread immunity, with low rates attributed to vaccine hesitancy. It is therefore important to identify the beliefs and concerns associated with vaccine intentions and uptake. The present study aimed to develop and validate, using the AMEE Guide, the Vaccination Concerns in COVID-19 Scale (VaCCS), a comprehensive measure of beliefs and concerns with respect to COVID-19 vaccines. In the scale development phase, samples of Australian (N = 53) and USA (N = 48) residents completed an initial open-response survey to elicit beliefs and concerns about COVID-19 vaccines. A concurrent rapid literature review was conducted to identify content from existing scales on vaccination beliefs. An initial pool of items was developed informed by the survey responses and rapid review. The readability and face validity of the item pool was assessed by behavioral science experts (N = 5) and non-experts (N = 10). In the scale validation phase, samples of Australian (N = 522) and USA (N = 499) residents completed scaled versions of the final item pool and measures of socio-political, health beliefs and outcomes, and trait measures. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a scale comprising 35 items with 8 subscales, and subsequent confirmatory factor analyses indicated acceptable fit of the scale structure with the data in each sample and factorial invariance across samples. Concurrent and predictive validity tests indicated a theoretically and conceptually predictable pattern of relations between the VaCCS subscales with the socio-political, health beliefs and outcomes, and trait measures, and key subscales predicted intentions to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The VaCCS provides a novel measure to assess beliefs and concerns toward COVID-19 vaccination that researchers and practitioners can use in its entirety or select specific sub-scales to use according to their needs.
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- 2022
13. Moving from intention to behaviour: a randomised controlled trial protocol for an app-based physical activity intervention (i2be)
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Kókai, Lili L, Ceallaigh, Diarmaid TÓ, Wijtzes, Anne I, van Lennep, Jeanine E Roeters, Hagger, Martin S, Cawley, John, Rohde, Kirsten IM, van Kippersluis, Hans, and Burdorf, Alex
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Prevention ,Cardiovascular ,Clinical Research ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Body Mass Index ,Exercise ,Female ,Fitness Trackers ,Humans ,Intention ,Mobile Applications ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,preventive medicine ,public health ,social medicine ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Other Medical and Health Sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
IntroductionEfficacy tests of physical activity interventions indicate that many have limited or short-term efficacy, principally because they do not sufficiently build on theory-based processes that determine behaviour. The current study aims to address this limitation.Methods and analysisThe efficacy of the 8-week intervention will be tested using a three-condition randomised controlled trial delivered through an app, in women with a prior hypertensive pregnancy disorder. The intervention is based on the integrated behaviour change model, which outlines the motivational, volitional and automatic processes that lead to physical activity. The mechanisms by which the behaviour change techniques lead to physical activity will be tested.Following stratification on baseline factors, participants will be randomly allocated in-app to one of three conditions (1:1:1). The information condition will receive information, replicating usual care. Additionally to what the information condition receives, the motivation condition will receive content targeting motivational processes. Additionally to what the motivation condition receives, the action condition will receive content targeting volitional and automatic processes.The primary outcome is weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, as measured by an activity tracker (Fitbit Inspire 2). Secondary outcomes include weekly average of Fitbit-measured daily resting heart rate, and self-reported body mass index, waist-hip ratio, cardiorespiratory fitness and subjective well-being. Tertiary outcomes include self-reported variables representing motivational, volitional, and automatic processes. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at 3 and 12 months post-intervention. Physical activity will also be investigated at intervention midpoint. Efficacy will be determined by available case analysis. A process evaluation will be performed based on programme fidelity and acceptability measures.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Ethics Committee of the Erasmus MC has approved this study (MEC-2020-0981). Results will be published in peer reviewed scientific journals and presented at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNetherlands trial register, NL9329.
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- 2022
14. “The Best Laid Plans”: Do Individual Differences in Planfulness Moderate Effects of Implementation Intention Interventions?
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Sas, Sabryna V, Hamilton, Kyra, and Hagger, Martin S
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Social and Personality Psychology ,Psychology ,Behavioral and Social Science ,planfulness ,planning ,implementation intentions ,intentions ,personality ,go no-go ,reaction times ,Cognitive Sciences ,Clinical sciences ,Biological psychology ,Clinical and health psychology - Abstract
While there is good evidence supporting the positive effect of planning strategies like implementation intentions on the relationship between intention and behavior, there is less evidence on the moderating role of individual differences in planning capacity on this effect. This study aimed to examine the role of individual differences in planfulness on the effect of planning strategies on the intention-behavior gap. Specifically, this study investigated the influence of planfulness on the effectiveness of implementation intentions on goal-directed behavior using an experimental design. Undergraduate university students (N = 142) with high and low levels of planfulness based on a priori scores on a planfulness measure were randomized to either a planning (implementation intention) or familiarization (control) condition prior to completing a computerized go no-go task. We predicted that individuals reporting low levels of planfulness would be more effective in executing goal-directed behavior when prompted to form an implementation intention compared to individuals who do not receive a prompt. Additionally, we predicted that individuals reporting high planfulness would be equally effective in enacting goal-directed behaviour regardless of whether they formed an implementation intention. The results revealed no main or interaction effects of implementation intention manipulation and planfulness on task reaction times. The current results do not provide support for the moderating effect of planfulness on the implementation effect. The findings of this study were inconsistent with previous literature. This research has implications for the effectiveness of implementation intentions, as well as opportunities for further replication in a novel research area.
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- 2022
15. Predicting Adolescents’ Physical Activity Intentions: Testing an Integrated Social Cognition Model
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Balla, Jessica, Polet, Juho, Kokko, Sami, Hirvensalo, Mirja, Vasankari, Tommi, Lintunen, Taru, and Hagger, Martin S.
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- 2023
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16. A Multisite Preregistered Paradigmatic Test of the Ego-Depletion Effect
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Vohs, Kathleen D, Schmeichel, Brandon J, Lohmann, Sophie, Gronau, Quentin F, Finley, Anna J, Ainsworth, Sarah E, Alquist, Jessica L, Baker, Michael D, Brizi, Ambra, Bunyi, Angelica, Butschek, Grant J, Campbell, Collier, Capaldi, Jonathan, Cau, Chuting, Chambers, Heather, Chatzisarantis, Nikos LD, Christensen, Weston J, Clay, Samuel L, Curtis, Jessica, De Cristofaro, Valeria, del Rosario, Kareena, Diel, Katharina, Doğruol, Yasemin, Doi, Megan, Donaldson, Tina L, Eder, Andreas B, Ersoff, Mia, Eyink, Julie R, Falkenstein, Angelica, Fennis, Bob M, Findley, Matthew B, Finkel, Eli J, Forgea, Victoria, Friese, Malte, Fuglestad, Paul, Garcia-Willingham, Natasha E, Geraedts, Lea F, Gervais, Will M, Giacomantonio, Mauro, Gibson, Bryan, Gieseler, Karolin, Gineikiene, Justina, Gloger, Elana M, Gobes, Carina M, Grande, Maria, Hagger, Martin S, Hartsell, Bethany, Hermann, Anthony D, Hidding, Jasper J, Hirt, Edward R, Hodge, Josh, Hofmann, Wilhelm, Howell, Jennifer L, Hutton, Robert D, Inzlicht, Michael, James, Lily, Johnson, Emily, Johnson, Hannah L, Joyce, Sarah M, Joye, Yannick, Kaben, Jan Helge, Kammrath, Lara K, Kelly, Caitlin N, Kissell, Brian L, Koole, Sander L, Krishna, Anand, Lam, Christine, Lee, Kelemen T, Lee, Nick, Leighton, Dana C, Loschelder, David D, Maranges, Heather M, Masicampo, EJ, Mazara, Kennedy, McCarthy, Samantha, McGregor, Ian, Mead, Nicole L, Mendes, Wendy B, Meslot, Carine, Michalak, Nicholas M, Milyavskaya, Marina, Miyake, Akira, Moeini-Jazani, Mehrad, Muraven, Mark, Nakahara, Erin, Patel, Krishna, Petrocelli, John V, Pollak, Katja M, Price, Mindi M, Ramsey, Haley J, Rath, Maximilian, Robertson, Jacob A, Rockwell, Rachael, Russ, Isabella F, Salvati, Marco, Saunders, Blair, Scherer, Anne, Schütz, Astrid, Schmitt, Kristin N, and Segerstrom, Suzanne C
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Bayes Theorem ,Ego ,Humans ,Research Design ,Self-Control ,ego depletion ,self-control ,registered replication ,open data ,open materials ,preregistered ,Psychology ,Cognitive Sciences ,Experimental Psychology - Abstract
We conducted a preregistered multilaboratory project (k = 36; N = 3,531) to assess the size and robustness of ego-depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the paradigmatic replication approach. Each laboratory implemented one of two procedures that was intended to manipulate self-control and tested performance on a subsequent measure of self-control. Confirmatory tests found a nonsignificant result (d = 0.06). Confirmatory Bayesian meta-analyses using an informed-prior hypothesis (δ = 0.30, SD = 0.15) found that the data were 4 times more likely under the null than the alternative hypothesis. Hence, preregistered analyses did not find evidence for a depletion effect. Exploratory analyses on the full sample (i.e., ignoring exclusion criteria) found a statistically significant effect (d = 0.08); Bayesian analyses showed that the data were about equally likely under the null and informed-prior hypotheses. Exploratory moderator tests suggested that the depletion effect was larger for participants who reported more fatigue but was not moderated by trait self-control, willpower beliefs, or action orientation.
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- 2021
17. Applying the trans‐contextual model to promote sport injury prevention behaviors among secondary school students
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Lee, Alfred SY, Standage, Martyn, Hagger, Martin S, and Chan, Derwin KC
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Health Sciences ,Sports Science and Exercise ,Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Clinical Research ,Pediatric ,Prevention ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Athletic Injuries ,Female ,Hong Kong ,Humans ,Male ,Mobile Applications ,Motivation ,Personal Autonomy ,Physical Education and Training ,Physical Functional Performance ,Psychological Theory ,School Teachers ,Schools ,Self Report ,Students ,Teacher Training ,digital health intervention ,mobile health ,self-determination theory ,sport injury ,theory of planned behavior ,Human Movement and Sports Sciences ,Medical Physiology ,Sport Sciences ,Clinical sciences ,Medical physiology ,Sports science and exercise - Abstract
The current study tested the effects of an intervention based on the trans-contextual model (TCM) on secondary school PE students' sport injury prevention behavior and on theory-based motivational and social cognition mediators. Participants were PE students (N = 1168; Mage = 13.322 ± 1.045, range = 12-16; female = 51.721%) who participated in a 3-month cluster-randomized controlled trial. Schools were randomly assigned to a treatment group, in which PE teachers received training to be more supportive of psychological needs in teaching sport injury prevention, or a control group, in which PE teachers received no training. Participants completed survey measures of TCM variables and self-reported sport injury prevention behavior at baseline and at 3-month post-intervention follow-up. The proposed TCM model exhibited adequate fit with the data, χ2 = 143.080 (df = 19), CFI = 0.956, TLI = 0.916, RMSEA = 0.078 (90% CI = 0.066-0.090), and SRMR = 0.058. We found positive, statistically significant direct intervention effects on changes in perceived psychological need support (β = 0.064, p = 0.020). We also found positive, significant direct (β = 0.086-0.599, p
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- 2021
18. General causality orientations in self-determination theory: Meta-analysis and test of a process model
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Hagger, Martin S and Hamilton, Kyra
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Mind and Body ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Causality orientations theory ,autonomy orientation ,control orientation ,impersonal orientation ,autonomous and controlled motivation ,Psychology ,Social Psychology - Abstract
Causality orientations theory, a key sub-theory of self-determination theory, identifies three distinct causality orientations: autonomy, control, and impersonal orientation. The theory proposes generalized effects of the orientations on motivation and behavior. We meta-analyzed studies ( k = 83) testing relations between causality orientations, forms of motivation from self-determination theory, and behavior. Pooled data were used to test a process model in which autonomous and controlled forms of motivation mediated relations between causality orientations and behavior. Results revealed that autonomy and control orientations were positively correlated with autonomous and controlled forms of motivation, respectively. Impersonal orientation was correlated negatively with autonomy orientation and autonomous forms of motivation, and positively with control orientation and controlled forms of motivation. Process model tests revealed total effects of autonomy orientation on behavior, comprising direct and indirect effects through autonomous motivation, and a positive direct effect of control orientation on behavior and a negative indirect effect through controlled motivation, resulting in a zero total effect. Analysis of age, gender, behavior type, study design, and study quality revealed few moderator effects on model relations. Findings support effects of autonomy orientation on motivation and behavior, and the processes involved, and identify constructs that could be targeted, or circumvented, in behavioral interventions.
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- 2021
19. Trans-Contextual Model Predicting Change in Out-of-School Physical Activity: A One-Year Longitudinal Study
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Kalajas-Tilga, Hanna, Hein, Vello, Koka, Andre, Tilga, Henri, Raudsepp, Lennart, and Hagger, Martin S.
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The aim of the current study was to test the long-term predictive validity of the trans-contextual model in accounting for variance in adolescents' out-of-school physical activity measured by self-report and accelerometer based-devices over a one-year period. Secondary school students (N = 265) aged 11 to 15 years completed a three-wave survey on two occasions in time, spanning a one-year interval, measuring perceived autonomy support in physical education (PE), peer and parent autonomy support in leisure-time, autonomous and controlled motivation in PE and leisure-time, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, intention, and out-of-school physical activity both by self-report and accelerometer-based devices. A variance-based structural equation model using residualized change scores revealed that perceived autonomy support from PE teachers predicted autonomous motivation in PE, and autonomous motivation in PE predicted autonomous motivation in leisure-time. In addition, peer and parent autonomy support predicted autonomous motivation in leisure-time. Autonomous motivation in leisure-time indirectly predicted physical activity intention mediated by attitude and perceived behavioural control. Intention predicted self-reported physical activity participation, although the effect was in the opposite direction to our prediction, but not physical activity measured by accelerometer-based devices. Results support some tenets of the trans-contextual model over a one-year time period, particularly the determinants of physical activity intentions. The introduction of COVID-19 restrictions may explain the negative relationship between intention and self-reported physical activity. Further longitudinal studies are needed to verify the results of the current study.
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- 2022
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20. Trait self-control and self-discipline: Structure, validity, and invariance across national groups
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Hagger, Martin S, Zhang, Chun-Qing, Kangro, Eva-Maria, Ries, Francis, Wang, John CK, Heritage, Brody, and Chan, Derwin KC
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Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Good Health and Well Being ,Self-control ,Self-discipline ,Self-regulation ,Restraint ,Impulsivity ,Psychology ,Cognitive Sciences ,Social Psychology - Published
- 2021
21. Psychological mediators of relations between socio-structural variables and physical activity: A proposed mechanistic model
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Griffith, Zoe M., Majeed, Rabia, McAnally, Kaylyn, and Hagger, Martin S.
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- 2023
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22. Psychometric properties of the stress control mindset measure in university students from Australia and the UK
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Keech, Jacob J, Orbell, Sheina, Hagger, Martin S, O’Callaghan, Frances V, and Hamilton, Kyra
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Clinical and Health Psychology ,Psychology ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Good Health and Well Being ,Australia ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Humans ,Psychometrics ,Reproducibility of Results ,Students ,United Kingdom ,Universities ,coping ,implicit theories ,mindset ,stress ,stress beliefs ,Neurosciences ,Cognitive Sciences ,Clinical sciences ,Biological psychology - Abstract
IntroductionBeliefs about the consequences of stress, stress mindsets, are associated with health and performance outcomes under stress. This article reports the development and examination of the psychometric properties of a measure of stress mindset: The Stress Control Mindset Measure (SCMM). The measure is consistent with theory on mindsets about self-attributes and conceptualizes stress mindset as the extent to which individuals endorse beliefs that stress can be enhancing.MethodsThe study adopted a correlational cross-sectional survey design in two student samples. Undergraduate students from an Australian university (Sample 1, N = 218) and a UK university (Sample 2, N = 214) completed the SCMM and measures of health and well-being outcomes.ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses supported a four-factor structure and strict measurement invariance across samples (ΔCFI
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- 2021
23. The common sense model of illness self-regulation: a conceptual review and proposed extended model.
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Hagger, Martin S and Orbell, Sheina
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Self-regulation theory ,coping procedures ,illness cognition ,illness perceptions ,parallel-processing model ,social cognition ,Psychology - Abstract
The common sense model of illness self-regulation outlines the dynamic processes by which individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to health threats and illness-related information. An extended version of the model is proposed, which specifies additional constructs and processes to explain how lay perceptions of health threats impact coping responses and health-related outcomes. The extended model provides detail on: (a) the mediating process by which individuals' illness representations relate to illness outcomes through adoption of coping procedures; (b) how illness representations are activated by presentation of health-threatening stimuli; (c) behavioral and treatment beliefs as determinants of coping procedures and illness outcomes alongside illness representations; and (d) effects of moderators of relations between cognitive representations, coping procedures, and illness outcomes. The extended model sets an agenda for future research that addresses knowledge gaps regarding how individuals represent and cope with health threats, and may inform effective illness-management interventions. We identify the kinds of research required to provide robust evidence for the extended model propositions. We call for research that employs incipient illness samples, utilizes designs that capture dynamic processes in the model such as cross-lagged panel and intervention designs, and adopts illness-specific measures of coping procedures rather than relying on generic instruments.
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- 2021
24. Predictors of in‐school and out‐of‐school sport injury prevention: A test of the trans‐contextual model
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Lee, Alfred SY, Standage, Martyn, Hagger, Martin S, and Chan, Derwin KC
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Prevention ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Athletic Injuries ,Child ,Exercise ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Hong Kong ,Humans ,Male ,Models ,Psychological ,Motivation ,Personal Autonomy ,Physical Education and Training ,Prospective Studies ,Schools ,Social Cognition ,Students ,Transfer ,Psychology ,Young Adult ,physical education ,secondary school sport injury ,self-determination theory ,the trans-contextual model ,theory of planned behavior ,Human Movement and Sports Sciences ,Medical Physiology ,Sport Sciences - Abstract
The current study aimed to predict secondary school students' motivation toward sport injury prevention in "in-school" and "out-of-school" contexts, and their sport injury prevention behavior at 3-month follow-up using the trans-contextual model (TCM). Hong Kong secondary school students (N = 1566; mean age = 13.34 years, range = 11 to 19; female = 49.42%) were recruited. Participants were asked to complete a survey comprising previously validated scales measuring TCM constructs at baseline and a measure of sport injury prevention behavior at follow-up three months later. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the hypothesized paths among TCM constructs. A SEM specifying hypothesized paths among TCM variables showed acceptable fit with the data (χ2 (29) = 418.55, CFI = .93, TLI = .90, and RMSEA = .09, 90% CI [.09, .10], and SRMR = .05). Findings supported tenets of the TCM: the effects of perceived autonomy support from PE teachers on in-school autonomous motivation toward injury prevention, the trans-contextual relationship between students' "in-school" and "out-of-school" autonomous motivation toward injury prevention, and the effects of autonomous motivation toward injury prevention on social cognitive variables and subsequent sport injury prevention behaviors. Results supported the tenets proposed within the TCM in predicting students' "in-school" and "out-of-school" autonomous motivation toward sport injury prevention. Findings underscore the potential importance of autonomy support from PE teachers in facilitating students' sport injury prevention behaviors. Further longitudinal and intervention research is warranted to establish temporal and causal effects of TCM variables in sport injury prevention.
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- 2021
25. Feasibility of a Responsibility-Based Leadership Training Program for Novice Physical Activity Instructors
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Toivonen, Hanna-Mari, Hassandra, Mary, Wright, Paul M, Hagger, Martin S, Hankonen, Nelli, Laine, Kaarlo, and Lintunen, Taru
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Psychology ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,shared leadership ,positive youth development ,feasibility ,teaching personal and social responsibility model ,novice instructor ,leadership training ,physical activity ,Cognitive Sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences - Abstract
Most coaches and instructors would like to teach more than just sport skills to their athletes and children. However, to promote athletes' or children's holistic development and teach them to take responsibility and lead, requires the coaches and instructors to first master the skills themselves. Therefore, feasible, high quality leadership training programs where coaches and physical activity instructors are taught to teach and share leadership are needed. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility of a leadership training program to optimize it and to determine whether to proceed with its evaluation. In the leadership training program, eight Finnish novice physical activity instructors, aged 18 to 22, were taught to promote positive youth development, personal and social responsibility, and shared leadership in a physical activity context. The participants had minimal to no leadership training or experience. The training program consisted of seven meetings totaling 20 h. Helllison's teaching personal and social responsibility (TPSR) model was the theoretical and practical framework of the training program. Feasibility of the leadership training program was evaluated across four domains of an evidence-based framework: demand, practicality, acceptability, and implementation fidelity. Data of the current complex intervention were collected with application videos, questionnaires, researcher's log, lesson plans, video recordings, and a semi-structured focus group interview. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the qualitative data using deductive and inductive content analysis. There was a demand for the leadership training program. The training program was perceived as practical and highly acceptable by the novice instructors and the trainers, and implemented with fidelity, indicating high overall feasibility. No implementation issues were found. Consequently, the current leadership training program has a high probability of efficacy and can be accepted for further evaluation.
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- 2021
26. Relationships Between Health Promoting Activities, Life Satisfaction, and Depressive Symptoms in Unemployed Individuals
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Chatzisarantis, Nikos LD, Kamarova, Sviatlana, Twomey, Chris, Hansen, Graham, Harris, Mark, Windus, John, Bateson, Alan, and Hagger, Martin S
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Clinical Research ,Mental Health ,Prevention ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Depression ,2.3 Psychological ,social and economic factors ,Aetiology ,Mental health ,Good Health and Well Being ,psychological well-being ,physical activity ,healthy eating ,unemployment - Abstract
Abstract. Background: Previous research has documented that unemployed individuals who engage in recreational activities, either alone or with others, experience higher levels of mental health and psychological well-being relative to those who do not engage in recreational activities. Aims: In this study, we examined whether engagement in health promoting activities, alone or with other family members, is associated with reduced levels of depression and enhanced levels of life satisfaction in unemployed individuals. Method: We employed a cross-sectional design in which we measured life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, consumption of healthy meals and engagement in physical activities in 203 unemployed individuals (male = 90, female = 113, age= 33.79, SD = 11.16). Results: Independent of age, gender, and partner employment status, hierarchical regression analyses revealed statistically significant effects for social forms of healthy eating (consumption of healthy meals with others) and solitary forms of physical activity (exercising alone) on depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Limitations: The research design was cross-sectional using self-report questionnaires. The present study does not to explain why and how health promoting activities enhance well-being outcomes among the unemployed. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of measuring engagement in health promoting activities through separate constructs that capture engagement in social and solitary health promoting activities and suggest that unemployed individuals are likely to experience optimal levels of psychological well-being if they exercise alone and consume healthy meals with other family members.
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- 2021
27. Predicting school students’ physical activity intentions in leisure-time and school recess contexts: Testing an integrated model based on self-determination theory and theory of planned behavior
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Pasi, Heidi, Lintunen, Taru, Leskinen, Esko, and Hagger, Martin S
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Pediatric ,Clinical Research ,Cardiovascular ,Prevention ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Adolescent ,Behavior ,Child ,Confidence Intervals ,Exercise ,Factor Analysis ,Statistical ,Female ,Humans ,Leisure Activities ,Male ,Models ,Theoretical ,Personal Autonomy ,Reference Standards ,Schools ,Students ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
BackgroundIdentifying psychological correlates of children's physical activity intentions may signpost potentially modifiable targets for interventions aimed at promoting physical activity participation. School recess and leisure-time outside of school are appropriate contexts in which such interventions may be delivered. However, few studies have identified correlates of physical activity intentions in these environments. Examining correlates in these contexts may provide formative evidence on which to base interventions to promote physical activity.PurposeThe current study adopted an integrated theoretical model to test relations between motivational constructs from self-determination theory, social cognition constructs from the theory of planned behavior, and physical activity intentions in leisure-time and school recess contexts.MethodsFinnish school children (N = 845, M age = 13.93, SD = 0.99) from three lower-secondary schools completed self-report measures of perceived autonomy support by peers, autonomous and controlled motivation, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and physical activity intentions for both contexts.ResultsWell-fitting structural equation models controlling for past behavior indicated that autonomous motivation in the school recess context and attitude in both contexts were the most pervasive predictors of physical activity intentions, and mediated the relationship between perceived autonomy support and intentions. Multi-group analyses supported invariance of the models in both contexts across gender, grades, and school, with few variations.ConclusionsThe current study supports relations between motivational and social cognition correlates of children's physical activity intentions in school recess and leisure-time contexts. Future research should extend these findings to the prediction of follow-up participation in physical activity.
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- 2021
28. Beliefs and Experiences of Individuals Following a Zero-Carb Diet
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Protogerou, Cleo, Leroy, Frédéric, and Hagger, Martin S
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Clinical Research ,Nutrition ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Good Health and Well Being ,carbohydrate restriction ,ketogenic-type diets ,wellbeing ,quality of life ,thematic analysis ,lived experience ,Psychology ,Cognitive Sciences - Abstract
The adoption of carbohydrate-restrictive diets to improve health is increasing in popularity, but there is a dearth of research on individuals who choose to severely restrict or entirely exclude carbohydrates. The present study investigated the beliefs and experiences of individuals following a diet that severely limits, or entirely excludes, dietary carbohydrates, colloquially known as a 'zero-carb' diet, for at least 6 months. Zero-carb dieters (n = 170) recruited via a social networking site completed an online qualitative survey prompting them to discuss their motives, rationale, and experiences of following a low-carb diet. Transcripts of participants' responses were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results revealed that participants' decision to follow a zero-carb diet was driven by health concerns and benefits. Participants expressed a strong social identity and belongingness to online zero-carb communities. Participants reported strong intentions to follow the diet indefinitely. Shortcomings of the diet centered on experienced stigma; lack of support from healthcare providers and significant others; limited access to, and high cost of, foods; and limited scientific data on the diet. Further research into the benefits and shortcomings of zero-carb diets across settings and populations is warranted, and guidelines for healthcare professionals on how to support individuals following a zero-carb diet are needed.
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- 2021
29. A Dual-Process Model Applied to Two Health-Promoting Nutrition Behaviours
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Brown, Daniel J, Charlesworth, Jessica, Hagger, Martin S, and Hamilton, Kyra
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Psychology ,Clinical Research ,Nutrition ,Cardiovascular ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Generic health relevance ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,intention ,habit ,counter-intentional habit ,nutrition ,students ,Cognitive Sciences ,Clinical sciences ,Biological psychology ,Clinical and health psychology - Abstract
We tested a dual process model incorporating constructs that reflect both performing the target behaviour (behaviour directed habit) and habits that run counter to the target behaviour (opposing behaviour habit) in accounting for variance in two health behaviours: eating the recommended serves of fruits and vegetables a day and restricting sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. A prospective correlational design with two waves of data collection separated by one week was adopted. Participants (N = 606) comprising middle school students (n = 266) and university students (n = 340) completed an initial survey comprising self-report measures of past behaviour, intention, and habit to perform the target behaviour and habits that run counter to the target behaviour. One week later, participants (N = 414) completed a self-reported measure of behaviour. Results revealed that behaviour directed habits predicted fruit and vegetable consumption in both samples, while opposing behaviour habits predicted restriction of sugar-sweetened beverages in the middle-school sample only, with a moderating effect also observed. Current findings indicate that habits specifying avoidance of the target behaviour did not predict future behaviour. However, the moderating effect observed provides preliminary evidence that strong habits to perform a behaviour may override habit to avoid the behaviour.
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- 2021
30. Predictors of school students’ leisure-time physical activity: An extended trans-contextual model using Bayesian path analysis
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Polet, Juho, Schneider, Jekaterina, Hassandra, Mary, Lintunen, Taru, Laukkanen, Arto, Hankonen, Nelli, Hirvensalo, Mirja, Tammelin, Tuija H, Hamilton, Kyra, and Hagger, Martin S
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Applied and Developmental Psychology ,Curriculum and Pedagogy ,Clinical and Health Psychology ,Education ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Cardiovascular ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Adolescent ,Attitude ,Bayes Theorem ,Exercise ,Female ,Habits ,Humans ,Intention ,Leisure Activities ,Male ,Motivation ,Personal Autonomy ,Physical Education and Training ,Prospective Studies ,Self Report ,Self-Control ,Students ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
The present study aimed to examine effects of motivational and social cognition constructs on children's leisure-time physical activity participation alongside constructs representing implicit processes using an extended trans-contextual model. The study adopted a correlational prospective design. Secondary-school students (N = 502) completed self-report measures of perceived autonomy support from physical education (PE) teachers, autonomous motivation in PE and leisure-time contexts, and social cognition constructs (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control), intentions, trait self-control, habits, and past behavior in a leisure-time physical activity context. Five weeks later, students (N = 298) self-reported their leisure-time physical activity participation. Bayesian path analyses supported two key premises of the model: perceived autonomy support was related to autonomous motivation in PE, and autonomous motivation in PE was related to autonomous motivation in leisure time. Indirect effects indicated that both forms of autonomous motivation were related to social cognition constructs and intentions. However, intention was not related to leisure-time physical activity participation, so model variables reflecting motivational processes did not account for substantive variance in physical activity participation. Self-control, attitudes, and past behavior were direct predictors of intentions and leisure-time physical activity participation. There were indirect effects of autonomous motivation in leisure time on intentions and physical activity participation mediated by self-control. Specifying informative priors for key model relations using Bayesian analysis yielded greater precision for some model effects. Findings raise some questions on the predictive validity of constructs from the original trans-contextual model in the current sample, but highlight the value of extending the model to incorporate additional constructs representing non-conscious processes.
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- 2021
31. A checklist to assess the quality of survey studies in psychology
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Protogerou, Cleo and Hagger, Martin S
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Clinical Research - Published
- 2020
32. Application of the Health Action Process Approach to Social Distancing Behavior During COVID‐19
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Hamilton, Kyra, Smith, Stephanie R, Keech, Jacob J, Moyers, Susette A, and Hagger, Martin S
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Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adaptation ,Psychological ,Adult ,Aged ,Australia ,COVID-19 ,Female ,Health Behavior ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Models ,Psychological ,Physical Distancing ,Prospective Studies ,Self Efficacy ,Social Cognition ,United States ,action planning ,coping planning ,dual-phase model ,health action process approach ,physical distancing ,self-efficacy ,social cognition ,Psychology - Abstract
BackgroundThis study examined the social cognition determinants of social distancing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in samples from Australia and the US guided by the health action process approach (HAPA).MethodsParticipants (Australia: N = 495, 50.1% women; US: N = 701, 48.9% women) completed HAPA social cognition constructs at an initial time-point (T1), and one week later (T2) self-reported their social distancing behavior.ResultsSingle-indicator structural equation models that excluded and included past behavior exhibited adequate fit with the data. Intention and action control were significant predictors of social distancing behavior in both samples, and intention predicted action and coping planning in the US sample. Self-efficacy and action control were significant predictors of intention in both samples, with attitudes predicting intention in the Australia sample and risk perceptions predicting intention in the US sample. Significant indirect effects of social cognition constructs through intentions were observed. Inclusion of past behavior attenuated model effects. Multigroup analysis revealed no differences in model fit across samples, suggesting that observed variations in the parameter estimates were relatively trivial.ConclusionResults indicate that social distancing is a function of motivational and volitional processes. This knowledge can be used to inform messaging regarding social distancing during COVID-19 and in future pandemics.
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- 2020
33. Testing a physical education-delivered autonomy supportive intervention to promote leisure-time physical activity in lower secondary school students: the PETALS trial
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Schneider, Jekaterina, Polet, Juho, Hassandra, Mary, Lintunen, Taru, Laukkanen, Arto, Hankonen, Nelli, Hirvensalo, Mirja, Tammelin, Tuija H, Törmäkangas, Timo, and Hagger, Martin S
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Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Cardiovascular ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Exercise ,Female ,Humans ,Leisure Activities ,Motivation ,Personal Autonomy ,Physical Education and Training ,Schools ,Students ,Autonomous motivation ,Autonomy support ,Physical activity ,Physical education ,Trans-contextual model ,Public Health and Health Services ,Public Health - Abstract
BackgroundInadequate physical activity in young people is associated with several physical and mental health concerns. Physical education (PE) is a potentially viable existing network for promoting physical activity in this population. However, little research has been conducted on whether PE teachers can influence students' engagement in leisure-time physical activity. The present study therefore examined the efficacy of an intervention aimed at increasing PE teachers' autonomy support on students' leisure-time physical activity (the PETALS trial). The intervention was guided by the trans-contextual model (TCM) explaining the processes by which PE teachers' provision of autonomy support during PE promotes students' motivation and engagement in physical activity in their leisure time.MethodsThe study adopted a cluster-randomized, waitlist control intervention design with randomization by school. Participants were PE teachers (N = 29, 44.83%female; M age = 42.83, SD = 9.53 yrs) and their lower secondary school students (N = 502, 43.82%female; M age = 14.52, SD = 0.71 yrs). We measured TCM constructs, including perceived autonomy support, autonomous motivation in PE and leisure time, beliefs and intentions towards leisure-time physical activity, and physical activity behavior at baseline, post-intervention, and at one-, three-, and six-months. Study hypotheses were tested through a series of ANOVAs and structural equation models using post-intervention and one-month follow-up data.ResultsWe found no changes in TCM constructs or physical activity behavior in either group at post-intervention or at 1 month. Path analyses supported two propositions of the TCM as change variables: perceived autonomy support had a significant effect on autonomous motivation in PE and autonomous motivation in PE had a significant effect on autonomous motivation in leisure time. Although we found a direct effect of autonomous motivation in leisure time on physical activity, we did not find support for the third premise of the TCM that autonomous motivation in leisure time indirectly affects physical activity through beliefs and intentions.ConclusionsCurrent findings did not support the efficacy of the PETALS intervention at changing physical activity behavior and TCM constructs. More research is required to determine whether the TCM predictive validity is supported when other model variables are manipulated through experimental and intervention studies.Trial registrationISRCTN, ISRCTN39374060 . Registered 19 July 2018. Prospectively registered.
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- 2020
34. A blended intervention to promote physical activity, health and work productivity among office employees using intervention mapping: a study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial
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Sun, Yan, Wang, Aiwei, Yu, Siyue, Hagger, Martin S, Chen, Xiangyan, Fong, Shirley Siu Ming, Zhang, Chunqing, Huang, Wendy Yajun, Baker, Julien S, Dutheil, Frédéric, and Gao, Yang
- Subjects
Mind and Body ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Mental Health ,Prevention ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Generic health relevance ,Cardiovascular ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Behavior Therapy ,Exercise ,Female ,Health Promotion ,Hong Kong ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Occupational Diseases ,Occupational Health ,Risk Factors ,Sedentary Behavior ,Workplace ,Physical activity ,Health promotion ,Work productivity ,Office employees ,Blended intervention ,Web-based intervention ,Public Health and Health Services ,Public Health - Abstract
BackgroundRegular participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is related to decreased risk of morbidity and mortality. Among working populations, lack of MVPA may also be a risk factor for absenteeism and presenteeism. Both traditional workplace-based and web-based interventions have been suggested as being effective in promoting participation MVPA, health-related outcomes, and work-related productivity. However, several challenges limit their application in real world contexts. A 'blended' intervention approach combining the two intervention strategies is proposed to overcome these limitations. The proposed intervention aims to utilize the blended approach to increase participation in MVPA, health-related outcomes, and work productivity among inactive workers.MethodsThe study will comprise of a three-group cluster randomized controlled trial (cluster-RCT), comprising a three-month actual intervention and a nine-month behavioral follow-up period. The three groups will be: a web-based intervention group, a blended intervention group combining the web-based components with face-to-face workshops and posters, and a control group. Physically inactive office employees (N = 495) from 33 companies (i.e., clusters) will be recruited and randomly assigned to the three groups by cluster randomization. The intervention mapping (IM) framework will be used for selecting and applying effective health behavioral theories and behavioral change techniques (BCTs) to the development, implementation and assessment of the intervention, which will be personally tailored. The primary outcome variable will be objectively-measured MVPA using an accelerometer. Secondary outcomes will consist of indices of health including adiposity, blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipids, self-reported depression, anxiety, stress, health-related quality of life and work-related variables including absenteeism and presenteeism.DiscussionThe proposed study adopts a robust blended intervention approach that is expected to overcome challenges in applying workplace-based and web-based interventions separately and yield larger effects in promoting MVPA participation, health-related outcomes and work productivity. Improvements in work productivity outcomes will be of particular interest to employers. If more effective, the new blended intervention has the potential to be implemented on a larger scale to benefit workplace populations.Trial registrationThe trial is prospectively registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov PRS (Trial ID: NCT04391270; Date of First Posted: May 18, 2020).
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- 2020
35. Self-Determination Theory in Physical Activity Contexts
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Wang, John C. K., primary and Hagger, Martin S., additional
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- 2023
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36. Theory-based digital intervention to promote weight loss and weight loss maintenance (Choosing Health): protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
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Kwasnicka, Dominika, Luszczynska, Aleksandra, Hagger, Martin S, Quested, Eleanor, Pagoto, Sherry L, Verboon, Peter, Robinson, Suzanne, Januszewicz, Anna, Idziak, Paulina, Palacz, Iga, and Naughton, Felix
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Humans ,Weight Loss ,Quality of Life ,Electronic Mail ,Adult ,Poland ,Overweight ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,nutrition & dietetics ,preventive medicine ,public health ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Other Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
IntroductionDigital behavioural weight loss interventions have the potential to improve public health; however, these interventions are often not adequately tailored to the needs of the participants. This is the protocol for a trial that aims to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Choosing Health programme as a means to promote weight loss and weight loss maintenance among overweight/obese adults.Methods and analysisThe proposed study is a two-group randomised controlled trial with a nested interrupted time series (ITS) within-person design. Participants (n=285) will be randomly assigned to either the Choosing Health digital intervention or a control group. For intervention participants, ecological momentary assessment will be used to identify behavioural determinants for each individual in order to tailor evidence-based behaviour change techniques and intervention content.Control group participants will receive non-tailored weight loss advice via e-book and generic emails. The primary outcome is the mean difference in weight loss between groups at 6 months controlled for baseline. Secondary outcomes include blood pressure and percentage of body fat; self-reported measures of physical activity, sitting time, quality of life, cost and theory-derived correlates of weight loss. Secondary outcomes will be measured at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome for ITS will be daily weight loss plan adherence. Data will be analysed using regression and time series analyses.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland, approval number 03/P/12/2019. The project results will be disseminated through structured strategy implemented in collaboration with the Ministry of Health.Trial registration detailsThis trial was registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov; registration number NCT04291482.
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- 2020
37. Using an integrated social cognition model to predict COVID‐19 preventive behaviours
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Lin, Chung‐Ying, Imani, Vida, Majd, Nilofar Rajabi, Ghasemi, Zahra, Griffiths, Mark D, Hamilton, Kyra, Hagger, Martin S, and Pakpour, Amir H
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Social and Personality Psychology ,Psychology ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Good Health and Well Being ,Betacoronavirus ,COVID-19 ,Cognition ,Coronavirus Infections ,Humans ,Intention ,Iran ,Pandemics ,Pneumonia ,Viral ,Prospective Studies ,SARS-CoV-2 ,attitude ,behaviour change ,intention ,planning ,preventive behaviours ,Public Health and Health Services ,Sociology ,Clinical Psychology ,Public health ,Clinical and health psychology - Abstract
ObjectivesRates of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections have rapidly increased worldwide and reached pandemic proportions. A suite of preventive behaviours have been recommended to minimize risk of COVID-19 infection in the general population. The present study utilized an integrated social cognition model to explain COVID-19 preventive behaviours in a sample from the Iranian general population.DesignThe study adopted a three-wave prospective correlational design.MethodsMembers of the general public (N = 1,718, Mage = 33.34, SD = 15.77, male = 796, female = 922) agreed to participate in the study. Participants completed self-report measures of demographic characteristics, intention, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and action self-efficacy at an initial data collection occasion. One week later, participants completed self-report measures of maintenance self-efficacy, action planning and coping planning, and, a further week later, measures of COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Hypothesized relationships among social cognition constructs and COVID-19 preventive behaviours according to the proposed integrated model were estimated using structural equation modelling.ResultsThe proposed model fitted the data well according to multiple goodness-of-fit criteria. All proposed relationships among model constructs were statistically significant. The social cognition constructs with the largest effects on COVID-19 preventive behaviours were coping planning (β = .575, p
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- 2020
38. Predicting Social Distancing Intention and Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrated Social Cognition Model
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Hagger, Martin S, Smith, Stephanie R, Keech, Jacob J, Moyers, Susette A, and Hamilton, Kyra
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Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Prevention ,Good Health and Well Being ,Betacoronavirus ,COVID-19 ,Coronavirus Infections ,Humans ,Intention ,Models ,Psychological ,Pandemics ,Pneumonia ,Viral ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Social Isolation ,Social cognition theory ,Health behavior ,Dual-phase models ,Dual-process models ,Habit ,Action planning ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Education ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Public Health - Abstract
BackgroundSocial distancing is a key behavior to minimize COVID-19 infections. Identification of potentially modifiable determinants of social distancing behavior may provide essential evidence to inform social distancing behavioral interventions.PurposeThe current study applied an integrated social cognition model to identify the determinants of social distancing behavior, and the processes involved, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsIn a prospective correlational survey study, samples of Australian (N = 365) and U.S. (N = 440) residents completed online self-report measures of social cognition constructs (attitude, subjective norm, moral norm, anticipated regret, and perceived behavioral control [PBC]), intention, action planning, habit, and past behavior with respect to social distancing behavior at an initial occasion. Follow-up measures of habit and social distancing behavior were taken 1 week later.ResultsStructural equation models indicated that subjective norm, moral norm, and PBC were consistent predictors of intention in both samples. Intention, action planning, and habit at follow-up were consistent predictors of social distancing behavior in both samples. Action planning did not have consistent effects mediating or moderating the intention-behavior relationship. Inclusion of past behavior in the model attenuated effects among constructs, although the effects of the determinants of intention and behavior remained.ConclusionsCurrent findings highlight the importance of subjective norm, moral obligation, and PBC as determinants of social distancing intention and intention and habit as behavioral determinants. Future research on long-range predictors of social distancing behavior and reciprocal effects in the integrated model is warranted.
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- 2020
39. Beliefs and attitudes of Australian learner drivers toward driving and avoiding driving through floodwater
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Hamilton, Kyra, Keech, Jacob J., Peden, Amy E., and Hagger, Martin S.
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- 2023
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40. Physical activity and cortisol regulation: A meta-analysis
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Moyers, Susette A. and Hagger, Martin S.
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- 2023
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41. Social Cognition and Socioecological Predictors of Home-Based Physical Activity Intentions, Planning, and Habits during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
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Kaushal, Navin, Keith, NiCole, Aguiñaga, Susan, and Hagger, Martin S
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COVID-19 ,environment ,exercise equipment ,habit ,home ,pandemic ,physical activity ,Mind and Body ,Prevention ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Cardiovascular ,Psychology ,Cognitive Sciences - Abstract
'Shelter in place' and 'lockdown' orders implemented to minimize the spread of COVID-19 have reduced opportunities to be physically active. For many, the home environment emerged as the only viable option to participate in physical activity. Previous research suggests that availability of exercise equipment functions as a determinant of home-based physical activity participation among the general adult population. The purpose of this study was to use a socioecological framework to investigate how the availability of exercise equipment at home predicts behavioral decisions, namely, intention, planning, and habits with respect to participation in physical activity. Participants (n = 429) were adults recruited in U.S. states subject to lockdown orders during the pandemic who completed measures online. A structural equation model indicated that availability of cardiovascular and strength training equipment predicted physical activity planning. Social cognition constructs mediated the relationship between each type of exercise equipment and intentions. Autonomous motivation and perceived behavioral control were found to mediate the relationship between each type of exercise equipment and habit. The availability of large cardiovascular and strength training equipment demonstrated significant predictive effects with intention, planning, habit, and autonomous motivation. Facilitating these constructs for home-based physical activity interventions could be efficacious for promoting physical activity.
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- 2020
42. Managing stress during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and beyond: Reappraisal and mindset approaches
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Hagger, Martin S, Keech, Jacob J, and Hamilton, Kyra
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Psychology ,Good Health and Well Being ,Betacoronavirus ,COVID-19 ,Coronavirus Infections ,Humans ,Pandemics ,Pneumonia ,Viral ,Quarantine ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Self Care ,Social Isolation ,Stress ,Psychological ,COVID-19 pandemic ,intervention ,reappraisal ,stress appraisal ,stress mindset ,Public Health and Health Services ,Business and Management ,Psychiatry ,Biomedical and clinical sciences - Published
- 2020
43. The mediating role of constructs representing reasoned-action and automatic processes on the past behavior-future behavior relationship
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Brown, Daniel J, Hagger, Martin S, and Hamilton, Kyra
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Economics ,Health Sciences ,Human Society ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Adult ,Attitude ,Child ,Habits ,Health Behavior ,Humans ,Intention ,Prospective Studies ,Past behavior ,Reasoned action ,Habit ,Heath behavior change ,Heath model ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Studies in Human Society ,Public Health ,Health sciences ,Human society - Abstract
ObjectivePast behavior has been consistently shown to predict and explain future behavior. It has been proposed that past behavior effects reflect both reasoned action and automatic processes. The current study sought to explore the mediation of past behavior-future behavior relationship via constructs reflecting these processes across three populations and behaviors: binge drinking in university students, flossing in adults, and parental sun safety behavior of children 2 - 5 years of age. Furthermore, this study used a measure of past behavior that combined long-term, recent, and routine patterns of behavioral engagement.MethodA prospective design with two waves of data collection spaced six weeks apart was adopted. Participants (total N = 754) completed an initial survey containing measures of past behavior (frequency, recency, and routine), social cognition (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control), and behavioral automaticity. Six weeks later, participants (N = 454) completed a self-report measure of behavior and behavioral automaticity.ResultsStructural equation modelling revealed that automatic, but not reasoned-action processes, mediated the past-to-future relationship, across the three behaviors. Results further revealed that long-term, recent, and routine patterns of behavioral engagement were highly correlated and indicated a second-order past behavior latent variable.ConclusionsWhile both reasoned-action and automatic factors can predict a range of health behaviors, automatic processes appear to explain the effect of past behavior on future behavior. Further investigations should focus on exploring the role of other non-conscious and automatic processes such as counter-intentional habits and implicit beliefs in explaining engagement in heath behaviors.
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- 2020
44. A systematic review of human behaviour in and around floodwater
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Hamilton, Kyra, Demant, Daniel, Peden, Amy E, and Hagger, Martin S
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Environmental Science and Management ,Public Health and Health Services ,Human Geography - Published
- 2020
45. Physical Activity in Peri‐Urban Communities: Testing Intentional and Implicit Processes within an Ecological Framework
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Olson, Jenny L, Ireland, Michael J, March, Sonja, Biddle, Stuart JH, and Hagger, Martin S
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Psychology ,Clinical and Health Psychology ,Applied and Developmental Psychology ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Aged ,Australia ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Exercise ,Female ,Health Behavior ,Humans ,Intention ,Internal-External Control ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Motivation ,Residence Characteristics ,Rural Population ,Social Environment ,Urban Population ,Young Adult ,automaticity ,autonomous motivation ,beliefs ,integrated model ,intentions ,physical activity ,Applied and developmental psychology ,Clinical and health psychology - Abstract
BackgroundGiven the substantive health inequalities in peri-urban communities and the potential for physical activity to promote health in these communities, identifying modifiable physical activity determinants in this population is important. This study explored effects of the peri-urban environment and psychological constructs on physical activity intentions and behavioural automaticity guided by an integrated theoretical framework.MethodsPeri-urban Australians (N = 271) completed self-report measures of environmental (i.e. physical/social environment, and neighbourhood selection), motivational (i.e. autonomous motivation), and social cognition (i.e. attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioural control [PBC]) constructs, past behaviour, intentions, and automaticity.ResultsA well-fitting path analytic model revealed that: autonomous motivation predicted all social cognition constructs; subjective norms and PBC, but not attitudes; autonomous motivation predicted intentions and automaticity; and subjective norms and PBC mediated effects of autonomous motivation on intentions. Of the environmental constructs, only neighbourhood selection was related to intentions, mediated by PBC.ConclusionsAutonomous motivation is an important correlate of physical activity intentions and automaticity, and subjective norms and PBC also related to intentions. Individuals perceiving a supportive environment were more likely to report positive PBC and intentions. Targeting change in autonomous motivation, and normative and control beliefs may help enhance physical activity intentions and automaticity in peri-urban communities.
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- 2020
46. Predicting limiting ‘free sugar’ consumption using an integrated model of health behavior
- Author
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Phipps, Daniel J, Hagger, Martin S, and Hamilton, Kyra
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Behavioral and Social Science ,Prevention ,Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Adult ,Attitude to Health ,Bayes Theorem ,Diet ,Dietary Sugars ,Feeding Behavior ,Female ,Health Behavior ,Humans ,Intention ,Male ,Psychological Theory ,Students ,Transtheoretical Model ,Young Adult ,Free sugar intake ,Theory of planned behavior ,Intentions ,Dual process ,Implicit attitudes ,Behavioral automaticity ,Habit ,Nutrition & Dietetics - Abstract
Excess intake of 'free sugars' is a key predictor of chronic disease, obesity, and dental ill health. Given the importance of determining modifiable predictors of free sugar-related dietary behaviors, we applied the integrated behavior change model to predict free sugar limiting behaviors. The model includes constructs representing 'reasoned' or deliberative processes that lead to action (e.g., social cognition constructs, intentions), and constructs representing 'non-conscious' or implicit processes (e.g., implicit attitudes, behavioral automaticity) as predictors of behavior. Undergraduate students (N = 205) completed measures of autonomous and controlled motivation, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) measures of explicit attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and intentions, past behavior, implicit attitude, and behavioral automaticity at an initial point in time, and free sugar limiting behavior and behavioral automaticity two weeks later. A Bayesian structural equation model indicated that explicit attitude, subjective norms, and PBC predicted behavior via intention. Autonomous motivation predicted behavior indirectly through all TPB variables, while controlled motivation predicted behavior only via subjective norms. Implicit attitudes and behavioral automaticity predicted behavior directly and independently. Past behavior predicted behavior directly and indirectly through behavioral automaticity and intentions, but not implicit attitudes. Current findings suggest pervasive effects of constructs representing both reasoned and non-conscious processes and signpost potential targets for behavioral interventions aimed at minimizing free sugar consumption.
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- 2020
47. Ironic Effects of Thought Suppression: A Meta-Analysis
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Wang, Deming, Hagger, Martin S, and Chatzisarantis, Nikos LD
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Attention ,Awareness ,Defense Mechanisms ,Humans ,Mental Recall ,Thinking ,thought suppression ,ironic effect ,immediate enhancement effect ,rebound effect ,cognitive load ,Psychology ,Cognitive Sciences ,Social Psychology - Abstract
The ironic effect of thought suppression refers to the phenomenon in which individuals trying to rid their mind of a target thought ironically experience greater levels of occurrence and accessibility of the thought compared with individuals who deliberately concentrate on the thought (Wegner, 1994, doi:10.1037/0033-295X.101.1.34). Ironic effects occurring after thought suppression, also known as rebound effects, were consistently detected by previous meta-analyses. However, ironic effects that occur during thought suppression, also known as immediate enhancement effects, were found to be largely absent. In this meta-analysis, we test Wegner's original proposition that detection of immediate enhancement effects depends on the cognitive load experienced by individuals when enacting thought suppression. Given that thought suppression is an effortful cognitive process, we propose that the introduction of additional cognitive load would compete for the allocation of existing cognitive resources and impair capacity for thought suppression. Studies (k = 31) consistent with Wegner's original thought-suppression paradigm were analyzed. Consistent with our predictions, rebound effects were observed regardless of cognitive load, whereas immediate enhancement effects were observed only in the presence of cognitive load. We discuss implications in light of ironic-process theory and suggest future thought-suppression research.
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- 2020
48. Reciprocal relations between autonomous motivation from self-determination theory and social cognition constructs from the theory of planned behavior: A cross-lagged panel design in sport injury prevention
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Chan, Derwin King Chung, Zhang, Lei, Lee, Alfred Sing Yeung, and Hagger, Martin S
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Reciprocal model ,Sport injury prevention ,Behavior change model ,Theoretical integration ,Self-efficacy ,Self-determined motivation ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Education ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Sport Sciences - Published
- 2020
49. Known knowns and known unknowns on behavior change interventions and mechanisms of action.
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Hagger, Martin S, Moyers, Susette, McAnally, Kaylyn, and McKinley, Lauren E
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Behaviour change technique ,behaviour change intervention ,behavioural theory ,mechanisms of action ,putative mediators ,systematic reviews and meta-analyses ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Psychology - Abstract
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses play an important role in summarising current research on the efficacy of behaviour change interventions and their mechanisms of action. The reviews in this special issue represent a 'step change' in evaluating current evidence on behaviour change interventions and mechanisms. This article outlines the findings and emerging issues identified in the reviews ('known knowns'), and summarises evidence gaps to be addressed in future research ('known unknowns'). Findings indicate that tests of mechanisms of behaviour change interventions are not routinely conducted in primary studies and research syntheses; reviews and studies do not sufficiently account for study quality; substantive variability exists in descriptions of intervention content and putative mediators implicated in their mechanisms of action; limited data is available on the efficacy of many behaviour change techniques; and moderators of intervention effects and mechanisms are seldom taken into account. Possible solutions include testing effects of isolated behaviour change techniques and mechanisms of action; routine evaluation of study quality in behavioural intervention research; development of an evidence base linking behaviour change techniques with theory-based constructs that comprise mechanisms of action; adoption of fit-for-purpose methods for synthesising behavioural intervention mechanisms of action; and routine testing of moderators in intervention research.
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- 2020
50. Predicting Hand Washing and Sleep Hygiene Behaviors among College Students: Test of an Integrated Social-Cognition Model.
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Zhang, Chun-Qing, Fang, Rongyu, Zhang, Ru, Hagger, Martin S, and Hamilton, Kyra
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Health Action Process Approach ,Theory of Planned Behavior ,hand washing ,health behavior ,sleep hygiene ,young people ,Toxicology - Abstract
Objective: Hand washing and sleep hygiene are two important health behaviors. The purpose of the current study was to identify the motivational and volitional antecedents of college students' hand washing and sleep hygiene behaviors based on an integrated model of behavior that combined social-cognition constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). Methods: Using a prospective design, college students (N = 1106) completed a survey assessing the motivational constructs of action self-efficacy, attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intentions, and behaviors of hand washing and sleep hygiene at Time 1. Demographic variables were also collected. One month later, at Time 2, college students (N = 524) self-reported on their volitional factors of maintenance self-efficacy, action planning, coping planning, and behaviors of hand washing and sleep hygiene. A further 2 months later, at Time 3, college students (N = 297) were asked to self-report on their hand washing and sleep hygiene behaviors over the past month. Findings: Data were analyzed using variance-based structural equation modelling. Results showed significant direct effects of attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on intentions; significant direct effects of action self-efficacy on maintenance self-efficacy; and significant direct effects of maintenance self-efficacy on action planning and coping planning. Significant direct effects of intention on action planning (sleep hygiene only), and significant direct effects of intention, maintenance self-efficacy (hand washing only), action and coping planning on behavior were also observed. Action planning also moderated the intention-behavior relationship, but only for hand washing. There were also significant total indirect effects of action self-efficacy on behavior mediated by maintenance self-efficacy, action planning, and coping planning for both behaviors, and significant total indirect effects of subjective norm and perceived behavioral control on behavior mediated by intention for sleep hygiene. When past behavior was included in the integrated model predicting all the psychological variables and behavior, all of the structural relations were attenuated. Discussion: Current findings indicate that college students' hand washing and sleep hygiene behaviors are a function of both motivational and volitional factors. Findings also indicate that the TPB and HAPA pathways might differ for the two health behaviors. Implications of the current findings for future health interventions aimed at improving college students' hand washing and sleep hygiene are discussed.
- Published
- 2020
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