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BACKGROUND β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) is a physiological indicator in response to drying soil. However, how abscisic acid (ABA) modulates β-ODAP accumulation and its related agronomic characteristics in drought stressed grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) continue to be unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ABA addition on drought tolerance, agronomic characteristics and β-ODAP content in grass pea under drought stress. RESULTS Exogenous ABA significantly promoted ABA levels by 19.3% and 18.3% under moderate and severe drought stress, respectively, compared to CK (without ABA, used as control check treatment). ABA addition activated earlier trigger of non-hydraulic root-sourced signal at 69.1% field capacity (FC) (65.5% FC in CK) and accordingly prolonged its operation period to 45.6% FC (49.0% FC in CK). This phenomenon was mechanically associated with the physiological mediation of ABA, where its addition significantly promoted the activities of leaf superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase enzymes and the biosynthesis of leaf proline, simultaneously lowering the accumulation of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide under moderate and severe stresses. Interestingly, ABA application significantly increased seed β-ODAP content by 21.7% and 21.3% under moderate and severe drought stress, but did not change leaf β-ODAP content. Furthermore, ABA application produced similar shoot biomass and grain yield as control groups. CONCLUSION Exogenous ABA improved the drought adaptability of grass pea and promoted the synthesis of β-ODAP in seeds but not in leaves. Our findings provide novel insights into the agronomic role of ABA in relation to β-ODAP enrichment in grass pea subjected to drought stress. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) is a physiological indicator in response to drying soil. However, how abscisic acid (ABA) modulates β-ODAP accumulation and its related agronomic characteristics in drought stressed grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) continue to be unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ABA addition on drought tolerance, agronomic characteristics and β-ODAP content in grass pea under drought stress.Exogenous ABA significantly promoted ABA levels by 19.3% and 18.3% under moderate and severe drought stress, respectively, compared to CK (without ABA, used as control check treatment). ABA addition activated earlier trigger of non-hydraulic root-sourced signal at 69.1% field capacity (FC) (65.5% FC in CK) and accordingly prolonged its operation period to 45.6% FC (49.0% FC in CK). This phenomenon was mechanically associated with the physiological mediation of ABA, where its addition significantly promoted the activities of leaf superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase enzymes and the biosynthesis of leaf proline, simultaneously lowering the accumulation of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide under moderate and severe stresses. Interestingly, ABA application significantly increased seed β-ODAP content by 21.7% and 21.3% under moderate and severe drought stress, but did not change leaf β-ODAP content. Furthermore, ABA application produced similar shoot biomass and grain yield as control groups.Exogenous ABA improved the drought adaptability of grass pea and promoted the synthesis of β-ODAP in seeds but not in leaves. Our findings provide novel insights into the agronomic role of ABA in relation to β-ODAP enrichment in grass pea subjected to drought stress. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

When a polymer bubble is broken in the bubble electrospinning process, thousands of thousands jets are produced with almost same initial ejecting speed, which plays a very important role on the formation of the nanofiber. In this paper, the nanofiber membranes were prepared by the bubble spinning with different air temperatures. This paper also gives a simple mathematical model to predict the initial speed of jets, and it is as high as 300 m/s.

Crimp frequency during the stuffer box crimping process is of great importance for controlling morphology of crimped fibers. A fiber is considered as a viscoelastic rheological fluid, and an approximate formulation for crimp frequency is obtained revealing the main factors affecting the crimping process.

This paper aims to produce nanoscale crimped fibers using stuffer box crimping and bubble electrospinning. Nanofibers are originally obtained via a ruptured bubble and then crimped with the stuffer box crimping method. During this spinning process, the governing equations for nonlinear transverse vibration of an axially moving viscoelastic beam with finite deformation are established using the Hamiltonian principle. The crimp frequency is affected by many factors, including spinning conditions and mechanical properties of fibers. The obtained governing equations can be further used for numerical or analytical study of the crimping mechanism.

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) cultivation is limited because of the presence in seeds and tissues of the nonprotein amino acid β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), a neurotoxin that can cause lathyrism in humans. Seven grass pea genotypes differing in seed β-ODAP concentration were grown in pots at three levels of water availability to follow changes in the concentration and amount of β-ODAP in leaves and pods and seeds. The concentration and amount of β-ODAP decreased in leaves in early reproductive development and in pods as they matured, while water stress increased β-ODAP concentration in leaves and pods at these stages. The net amount of β-ODAP in leaves and pods at early podding was positively associated with seed β-ODAP concentration at maturity. We conclude that variation among genotypes in seed β-ODAP concentration results from variation in net accumulation of β-ODAP in leaves and pods during vegetative and early reproductive development.

24-epibrassinolide (EBL) is a growth regulator that promotes crop growth and yield, especially under water stress, but its effect on grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), a legume crop widely recognized as adapted to rainfed environments, is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exogenously-applied EBL on growth, yield and accumulation of β-N-oxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP)—a neurotoxin that can induce lathyrism in animals and humans—in grass pea under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed conditions. The first experiment conducted in a growth chamber showed that EBL application increased plant height and leaf area of well-watered [WW, 85 % field capacity (FC)] grass pea seedlings and in those in which the soil dried from 85 to 30 % FC. In two pot experiments conducted under a rainout shelter, three water regimes—soil water contents maintained at (1) 85 or 80 % FC, (2) 50 % FC, and (3) 35 % FC—were imposed. In the first rainout shelter experiment, root/soil drenching with EBL significantly increased aboveground dry weight (DW) and water use efficiency (WUE) compared with plants without EBL at 85 and 50 % FC, but did not significantly affect grain yield. In a second rainout shelter experiment, water treatments were imposed from the vegetative phase to maturity and EBL treatment significantly increased aboveground DW, grain yield, β-ODAP concentration and amount, and WUE in the 80 and 50 % FC water regimes. It is concluded that exogenously-applied EBL can stimulate growth and WUE in grass pea when WW and moderately water stressed, and also stimulates β-ODAP production such that the concentration in the grain is similar or even higher.

Lightning is a natural phenomenon caused by an atmospheric electrical discharge, and lightning strikes are of hierarchical structure. Similar phenomenon is first observed in a charged jet in the presence of a high electrostatic field, the process is widely adopted for fabrication of superfine fibers, and its mechanism of lightning-like charged jet is still unknown. Our observation reveals that a daughter jet can be ejected from the surface of a micro/nanoscale charged jet to form an initial two-stage cascade, whereby the daughter charged jet can reduce size over three orders of magnitude, while at the ultimate stage, the jets have almost same size from several nanometers to dozens of nanometers. The origin of this phenomenon might be central to nanotechnology. Here we demonstrate that an electrostatic field can accelerate a charged jet, and the surface charge repels each other. When the repelling force reaches a threshold to overcome its surface tension, one or more daughter charged jets are ejected from the surface. The daughter jets behave similarly to the initial jet, the process is iterative, creating a lightning-like multi-stage cascade. This observation opens the door to mimicking the lightning to produce two dimensional superfine fiber web with hierarchical structure.

Prohibitin (PHB), also known as inhibin, is important in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. This protein localizes to the inner membrane of mitochondria, where it acts as a chaperone protein, and is also found in the nucleus, where it negatively regulates transcription. The tumor-suppressive role of PHB in cell proliferation appears to be contradictory. In this study, we investigated the existence, localization and alterations in the expression of PHB in the whole cell and nuclear matrix and analyzed its co-localization with the expression products of related genes. The western blot analysis results revealed that PHB exists in the composition of nuclear matrix proteins and that the expression level of PHB is significantly increased in the whole cell and markedly decreased in the nuclear matrix after curcumin (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) treatment. The laser confocal scanning microscope results demonstrated the co-localization of PHB with p53, c-Myc, Bax, and Fas in HaCaT cells, and this co-localization region was transferred as a result of curcumin treatment. In addition, the results of the GST pull-down assay demonstrated the direct interaction of PHB with p53, c-Myc and Bax but not Fas in vitro. Results of the present study confirmed that the expression and distribution of PHB, which is a nuclear matrix protein, affect the apoptosis of HaCaT cells and its co-localization with specific gene products connected with cell apoptosis.

The fractal harmonic law admits that the friction between the pure water and the moving surface is the minimum when fractal dimensions of water in Angstrom scale are equal to fractal dimensions of the moving surface in micro scale. In the paper, the fractal harmonic law is applied to demonstrate the mechanism of waterproof/ dustproof. The waterproof phenomenon of goose feathers and lotus leaves is illustrated to verify our results and experimental results agree well with our theoretical analysis.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a degree of 1750±50 was successfully fabricated into nanofibers via the traditional electrospinning process. Daughter charged jets and combined fibers were observed. A combined fiber might be simple combination of two separate fibers without mass transfer, or it is a daughter cascade caused in hierarchical motion of a charged jet with mass/energy transfer. Minimal fiber reaches as small as 5nm (50 angstroms) in diameter, this might be the smallest artificial fiber, which might have excellent properties due to nanoeffect.

It is the most effective way to study the effect of global warming on plant morphology by analyzing a plant species on a mount along altitudinal gradients. Altitudinal increase means decrease of temperature and metabolic rate as well. This might affect the leaf morphology greatly. The SEM study reveals that the size of nanopore on the epidermis changes gradually along altitudinal gradients, and the absorbed fine particles on the leaf have almost same size, exhibiting high selectivity over other particles. The study gives a strong proof that morphology change links to global warming.

Bubble-electrospinning is one of the most straightforward ways to fabricate polymer solution into nanofibers. The key point of the technology is to control bubble size and formation frequency. A modified bubble electrospinning set-up is designed to control the size of polymer bubbles and frequency of bubble formation in the spinning process. A PVA (10wg %) solution is used in the experiment for fabricate polymer solution into nanofibers and superfine nanofibers are obtained with the average diameter of about 200nm.

Nanofibers with high orientation are of significant applications. This paper demonstrates a method to fabricate high orientation ordered nanofibers by electrospinning. The distribution of the electric field is simulated by using computational fluid dynamics software ANSYS14.0 to illustrate its mechanism.

This paper suggests a new method for fabrication of nanofibers with polymer liquid membrane, which is produced by a metal ring rotating through the polymer solution. The thickness of the produced membrane is thin and suitable for nanomaterial fabrication. In this paper the membrane is to form a polymer bubble by blowing air under the presence of a high electronic field, and multiple jets eject when the bubble is ruptured. The effect of applied voltage on the fiber diameter is studied.

Adsorption of fine particles in air by a leaf is studied experimentally. It is found that each leaf can absorb only a kind of particles with almost same size, and it also exhibits high selectivity over other particles. The SEM study reveals that the size of nanopore on the epidermis is a main factor of the highly selective adsorption; the smaller nanopores can absorb larger nanoparticles in air. The morphology of a lotus leaf, which is waterproof and dustproof, has, on the other hand, many short nanofibrils instead of nanopores. It is concluded that the nanoscale geometrical structure of a surface affects its attraction/repulsion property. The experiment also shows that one square millimeter surface with nanopores in diameter of 18 nm can absorb 2 million nanoparticles of about 200 nm in diameter from air in 24 hours. A better understanding of the adsorption/repulsion mechanism could help the further design of bio-mimetic waterproof/dustproof artificial materials and artificial porous materials/fabrics/nonwovens for adsorption of nanoparticles in air.

Neurolathyrism is a unique neurodegeneration disease caused by β-N-oxalyl-L-α, β- diaminopropionic (β-ODAP) present in grass pea seed (Lathyrus stativus L.) and its pathogenetic mechanism is unclear. This issue has become a critical restriction to take full advantage of drought-tolerant grass pea as an elite germplasm resource under climate change. We found that, in a human glioma cell line, β-ODAP treatment decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to outside release and overfall of Ca2+ from mitochondria to cellular matrix. Increased Ca2+ in cellular matrix activated the pathway of ECM, and brought about the overexpression of β1 integrin on cytomembrane surface and the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). The formation of high concentration of FA units on the cell microfilaments further induced overexpression of paxillin, and then inhibited cytoskeleton polymerization. This phenomenon turned to cause serious cell microfilaments distortion and ultimately cytoskeleton collapse. We also conducted qRT-PCR verification on RNA-sequence data using 8 randomly chosen genes of pathway enrichment, and confirmed that the data was statistically reliable. For the first time, we proposed a relatively complete signal pathway to neurolathyrism. This work would help open a new window to cure neurolathyrism, and fully utilize grass pea germplasm resource under climate change.

Two-dimensional polyvinyl alcohol based graphene films with the thickness of less than 20 nm were fabricated directly by using polyvinyl alcohol/graphite solution or polyvinyl alcohol/ash solution by electrospinning. It was found that ash particles are good candidate for substitution of graphite particles to fabricate nanographene films. The relationship between the thickness and width of the film is elucidated, and the periodic morphology of the film is explained.

This paper finds that a polymer liquid membrane can be effectively used for nanomaterials fabrication using a blowing air and an electronic force. Polyvinyl alcohol solution is used to produce membrane on a rotating ring, which passes through periodically the solution, the membrane is deformed into a bubble by the blowing air under the presence of an electrostatic field. The experimental data show that the receptor distance affects the fiber size greatly.

Nanofibers with high surface-to-volume ratio are of significant applications. This paper proposes a novel method for fabrication of particle-like beaded nanofibers and their daughter nanofibers, which are ejected from the surface of charged jets. Polyvinyl alcohol/ash solution is used in the electrospinning process.

Fabrication of crimped fibers has been caught much attention recently due to remarkable improvement surface-to-volume ratio. The precise mechanism of the fiber crimp is, however, rare and preliminary. This paper finds that pulsation of fibers is the key factor for fiber crimp, and its configuration (wave formation) corresponds to its nature frequency after solidification. Crimping performance can be improved by temperature control of the uncrimped fibers. In the paper, polylactide/ dimethylfomamide solution is fabricated into crimped nanofibers by the bubble electrospinning, an approximate period- amplitude relationship of the wave formation is obtained.

This study seeks to explore the tourism destination image of Tibet, and further to compare the difference between the organic image of Mainland China and that of Hong Kong. The findings indicated that both group regarded “the natural and beautiful scenery” as the most important attractions of Tibet. The top three motivations of Mainland people were the mysteriousness, natural scenery, and novelty of Tibet”. Hong Kong tourists were most motivated by Tibet’s natural scenery mysteriousness, and culture. In terms of the concerns of traveling to Tibet, people in Mainland China cared most on health issue, while Hong Kong people concerned more on transportation. The findings of this study may provide useful guidance to marketing strategies and sustainable tourism development in Tibet.

Frictional force is a vitally important factor in the application of engineering either in macroscopic contacts or in micro/nanoscale contacts. Understanding of the influencing factors about frictional force is essential for the design of miniaturized devices and the use of minimal friction force. In the paper, dimensional analysis is used to analysis factors relative to frictional force. We show that the frictional force scales with where A is the contact area and N is the normal contact force. An experiment is carried out to verify the new friction law.

Decreasing friction force between a swimming suit and water is the key factor to design swimming suits. Water continuum mechanics forbids discontinuous fluids, but in angstrom scale water is indeed discontinuous. Swimming suit is smooth on large scale, but it is discontinuous when the scale becomes smaller. If fractal dimensions of swimming suit and water are the same, a minimum of friction force is predicted, which means fractal harmonization. In the paper, fractal harmonic law is introduced to design a swimsuit whose surface fractal dimensions on a macroscopic scale should be equal to or closed to the water's fractal dimensions on an Angstrom scale. Various possible microstructures of fabric are analyzed and a method to obtain perfect fractal structure of fabric is proposed by spraying nanofibers to its surface. The fractal harmonic law can be used to design a moving surface with a minimal friction.

Here we show an intriguing phenomenon in the bubble electrospinning process that the ruptured film might be stripped upwards by an electronic force to form a very thin and long plate-like strip, which might been received in the metal receiver as discontinuous backbone-like wrinkled materials, rather than smooth nano-fibers or microspheres. The processes are called the bubble electrospinning. The electronic force can be replaced by a blowing air, and the process is called as the blown bubble spinning. We demonstrate that the size and thickness of the ruptured film are the crucial parameters that are necessary to understand the various observations including beads and nanoporous materials. We identify the conditions required for a ruptured film to form discontinuous structure, and a critical width of the ruptured film to form a cylindrical fiber, above which a long and thin plate-like strip might be obtained, and a criterion for oscillatory jet diameter, which leads to bead morphology of the obtained fibers. The space of the adjacent beads depends on the fiber size. We anticipate our assay to be a starting point for more sophisticated study of the bubble electrospinning and the blown bubble spinning and for mass-production of both nanofibers and nanoscale discontinuous materials.

Removed due do double publication.

In this research, 425 female college students aged from 18 to 26 were selected as samples, using 3D body scanner to get the body Point-cloud image, and measure the thickness, width and girth size of characteristic body parts(waist, abdomen, hip) ; By studying the circumferences sections of characteristic body parts, body type is classified according to thickness / width ratio; The correlation of circumference with thickness and width is analyzed, the circumference calculating equations for different body size is obtained, then the reasonableness of the method is tested, which providing a reference for the human body circumference automatically generated from 2D images.

In this research, 425 female students were selected as the research objects. Point clouds were obtained by 3D body scanner , then the characteristics of female lower body parts’ (waist, abdomen, buttock) section shapes were identified .And the sizes of the width and thickness were measured by a data acquisition software named Imageware.The front and back circumferences were analysed by software of SPSS16.0.This research is main to provide a new method to divide and calculate body front and back circumferences, laying the foundation for fitting of women clothes.

In this study, three-dimensional body measurement instrument was used to measure 425 female bodies aged from 18 to 26 years old. Imageware software was used to obtain the point cloud images of female body and measure their key parts’ altitudes (waist, abdomen, buttocks, thigh, knee). Then, SPSS16.0 was used to analyze the key parts’ altitudes and height to find the regression equations of them. Finally, the altitude rules of young female lower body were tested to ensure its correctness. In this paper, the result can provide basis of altitude confirmation rules for the study on automatically pattern design system of women skirts.

In the paper “Research of calculation method of young female body circumference based on 3d body scanning point and cloud diagrams”, regression value of each girth has a certain error. The reason might be different methods of classification. In order to analysis the reason, in the paper error distribution and comparison between girth regression value and actual measurement data were analyzed which classified with 0.1 and 0.05 category files by using SPSS16.0 software. More accurate methods can be obtained to simulate three dimensions which can provide effective applications to three dimension body scanner and lay a foundation to the research of pants and skirts auto-generation pattern system.

In this paper, 357 female students in soochow university which are 18 to 26 years old were selected as subjects. Front, back and side photos are taken by using digital camera, and then photo manipulation was done to amplify the contrast between the human body and background. The width and thickness of human characteristic positions were measured by COREDRAW software. Meanwhile, the girth of each position was got by manual measurement, and the width and thickness of human characteristic positions were extracted by MATLAB. Finally the girth, width and thickness were analyzed by SPSS to obtain the girth calculative rules, and the error analysis was done to verify the veracity. The result showed that the regression fitting was feasible and accurate.

BACKGROUND: Although the promoter of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene has been widely used in gene therapy for targeted cancer cells, it has some limitations for clinical use because of its low activity and potential toxicity to certain normal cells. To overcome these defects, the authors generated novel chimeric hTERT promoters that contained the radiation-inducible sequence CC(A/T)6GG (known as CArG elements). METHODS: Chimeric hTERT promoters were synthesized that contained different numbers of CArG elements, and the activity of chimeric promoters was assessed in different cancer cell lines and normal cells. The potential of selected promoters to successfully control horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and prodrug indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) suicide gene therapy was tested in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: The promoter activity assays indicated that the synthetic promoter that contained 6 repeating CArG units had the best radiation inducibility than any other promoters that contained different numbers of CArG units, and the chimeric promoters retained their cancer-specific characteristics. The chimeric promoter was better at driving radiation-inducible gene therapy than the control promoters. The sensitizer enhancement ratio of the chimeric promoter system determined by clonogenic assay was higher, and the chimeric promoter system resulted in a significantly higher apoptotic level compared with other promoter systems. The combination of chimeric/promoter-mediated gene therapy and radiotherapy significantly inhibited tumor volume in a xenograft mouse model and resulted in a significant prolongation of survival in mice. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that a combinational cancer-specific promoter system that is responsive to irradiation has great potential for improving the efficacy of cancer treatment. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.

In the developing of 2D non-contact anthropometry and application system, automatic pattern generation of men’s pants system is important component. Styles of men’s pants are single, and can be devised simply. In this paper, 6 kinds of devised styles are summarized by observing styles of men’s pants, which divide into landscape orientation, lengthways orientation and slant segmentation all included straight line and curve. After the users enter into automatic pattern generation of men’s pants system, they can choose devised style in the interface of design, and then related pattern can be automatically generated in the interface of pattern. In this paper, VS software is used to make programming, ganged style of pants in human body is realized by MATLAB, so the pattern can be automatically generated according to the rules of pattern and devised styles. This study provides the basis for automatic pattern generation of men’s pants system.

Based on 3D point-cloud data of human body, this paper probes rules research on width of pieces of pants. First, get the point-cloud figure of the studies through scanning the human body by 3D body scanning device (symcad). Read and optimize the point-cloud data by imageware software and obtain the total girth and the front/back girth of waist, abdomen, buttocks, thigh, knee and ankle. Then set the coefficients to establish the regression equation by using SPSS. Finally, verify the above-mentioned method through other studies to illustrate its feasibility. This study completes part of the work for the conversion from 3D garment pattern to 2D, to make up that the 2D non-contact body measurement system cannot directly obtain 3D sizes, and provides the basis for automatically pattern generation of pants.

Torso of female lower body feature such as waist, abdomen and hip is the key factor of pants and skirt design so that rules confirm is the important point in the research of automatic generation of pants pattern and skirts pattern. In the three-dimensional human body scanner, a certain difference exists of human lower body torso 3D sizes between scanner data and actual measurement data so that research of calculation rules of lower body torso 3D sizes becomes necessity. In this research, 425 female students at Soochow University from 18 to 26 years old were selected as subjects. Point-cloud diagrams can be obtained by using 3D body scanner and be read by using IMAGEWARE software and then each 3D size and width and thickness of each 3D section. Then classification can be done according to the value of thickness and width with 0.05 file and relations between width and girth, between thickness and girth can be analyzed by using SPSS16.0 to obtain calculation modules of each 3D size then its accuracy can be verified to provide the basis for valid application of three dimensional body scanner and lay foundation of the prototype generation of female pants, design of trousers and automatic pattern generation system research.

Background and Aim: Nuclear-matrix proteins can be proteomic markers for cancer lesions. The present study aimed to determine the roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins-A2 and B1 (hnRNP-A2/B1) in human gastric carcinogenesis. Methods: Human gastric cancer and non-cancerous tissues were collected for immunohistochemical analysis. Proteomics technique, Western blot, laser confocal microscope, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction were performed to determine the aberrant expression of nuclear-matrix proteins. Results: hnRNP-A2/B1 existed in the nuclear matrix of gastric cancer cells, and its expression was enhanced in human gastric cancer and decreased by hexamethylene bisacetamide. The colocalization of hnRNP-A2/B1 with c-myc, c-fos, p53, and Rb was translocated from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm during the differentiation of tumor cells. Conclusions: hnRNP-A2/B1 affected tumor cell differentiation through interaction with oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, and it was overexpressed in human gastric cancer. We postulate that hnRNP-A2/B1 could serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis of human gastric cancer.

In the research of 2D anthropometry and application, the pattern design system of men’s pants developed by this paper has full capacity of automatic pattern design, which needn’t any manual operation. The system only needs body front and side photos of clients, and allows clients to change the pants style through the design interface so that pattern design can complete automatically. Automatic extraction of body size data is realizing by obtaining M document according to MATLAB program and transferring it. This paper is to translate body size extraction procedure to a document which can be directly transferred by using MATLAB software so as to realize automatic extraction of body size based on VB language. This is basic step of developing 2D anthropometry and application system which lay the foundation for auto-generation of paper pattern.

Major objective of this study is to elucidate the effect of early activation of root hair cell plasma membrane (PM) H + -ATPase on drought adaptation in plants. Pot-culture experiments were carried out to determine oat ( Avena sativa L.) genotypic differences in water maintenance, osmotic adjustment and PM H + -ATPase activity at the seedling stage. Two oat genotypes with contrasting drought sensitivity, Dingyou6 ( A. vernasativa , drought-tolerant cultivar) and Bende ( A. venanuda , drought-sensitive cultivar) were subjected to soil drought stress under environment-controlled growth chamber conditions. At 21 days after emergence, water supply was withheld to allow soils in pots to dry. Our results showed that drought-tolerant “ Dingyou6 ” maintained significantly greater RWC and osmotic potential (OP) in roots and leaves, and also had larger root-to-leaf ratios of RWC and OP than drought-sensitive “ Bende ” along with 14-day drying process, suggesting that drought-tolerant cv. possesses superior root-to-leaf hydraulic conductivity, and stronger regulatory ability to drought stress. Analysis of the PM H + -ATPase activity and the root and leaf osmolyte contents provided further chemical evidence for this result. Biosynthesis of leaf proline and glycine betaine (GB) followed a similar trend as the activities of root hair cell PM H + -ATPase prior to intermediate stress (around 35% FWC). Significant increase in the activity of PM H + -ATPase was observed at the SWC of about 45–50% FWC, without detectable changes in leaf and root RWC simultaneously. This demonstrated that there existed an early-warning response in roots before the onset of significant decrease in plant RWC. Moreover, the interspecific difference in the timing of triggering early response was obvious. Drought-tolerant “ Dingyou6 ” initiated early response at about 50% FWC, but at about 45% FWC for drought-sensitive cv. This study implies that early activation of root hair cell PM H + -ATPase triggers the increased biosynthesis of major osmolytes, which, in turn, leads to the up-regulation of water maintenance system.

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) cultivation is limited because of the presence in seeds and tissues of the nonprotein amino acid β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), a neurotoxin that can cause lathyrism in humans. Seven grass pea genotypes differing in seed β-ODAP concentration were grown in pots at three levels of water availability to follow changes in the concentration and amount of β-ODAP in leaves and pods and seeds. The concentration and amount of β-ODAP decreased in leaves in early reproductive development and in pods as they matured, while water stress increased β-ODAP concentration in leaves and pods at these stages. The net amount of β-ODAP in leaves and pods at early podding was positively associated with seed β-ODAP concentration at maturity. We conclude that variation among genotypes in seed β-ODAP concentration results from variation in net accumulation of β-ODAP in leaves and pods during vegetative and early reproductive development.

Nanopore on a surface (e.g. the epidermis of a leaf) can absorb nanoparticles, and nanoparticles on a surface play a contrary role. Comparison of wild silk with Bombyx mori silk reveals that the former has obvious nanoparticle-like crystals, which can repel water or dust, resulting in waterproof and dustproof of wild silk.

This paper points out that the so called enhanced variational iteration method (Colantoni & Boubaker, 2014) for a nonlinear equation arising in electrospinning and vibration-electrospinning process is the standard variational iteration method. An effective algorithm using the variational iteration algorithm-II is suggested for Bratu-like equation arising in electrospinning. A suitable choice of initial guess results in a relatively accurate solution by one or few iteration.

The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter has been widely used in target gene therapy of cancer. However, low transcriptional activity limited its clinical application. Here, we designed a novel dual radiation-inducible and tumor-specific promoter system consisting of CArG elements and the hTERT promoter, resulting in increased expression of reporter genes after gamma-irradiation. Therapeutic and side effects of adenovirus-mediated horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/indole-3-acetic (IAA) system downstream of the chimeric promoter were evaluated in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma, combining with or without adenovirus-mediated interleukin 12 (IL12) gene driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter. The combination treatment showed more effective suppression of tumor growth than those with single agent alone, being associated with pronounced intratumoral T-lymphocyte infiltration and minor side effects. Our results suggest that the combination treatment with HRP/IAA system driven by the novel chimeric promoter and the co-expression of IL12 might be an effective and safe target gene therapy strategy of cancer.

In order to make clothing, furniture, cars and other products design more in line with ergonomic principles, analysis of convex and concave surface features of the human body and its measurement methods is necessary. Body surface is constituted by a number of curved surfaces and convex and concave characteristic of these surfaces can be quantified with angle value. Convex and concave characteristic of front, side and back body can obtain angle expression by quantifying. In the paper, automatic extraction of body surface angle can be obtained by using MATLAB, error analysis of extracted data is done and the results show that the method is feasible which provides basis for the development of relevant body features measurement machines and relevant industries' product design.