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Ischemic stroke is a common issue that severely affects the human health. Between the central nervous system and the enteric system, the " Gut-Brain " axis, the bidirectional connection involved in the neuro-immuno-endocrine network, is crucial for the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke can lead to change in the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal hormones, which will then reversely affect the disease development. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has unique advantages with reference to the treatment for ischemic stroke. The latest research revealed that a significant portion of medicines and prescriptions of TCM exert their therapeutic effects by improving the gut microbiota and regulating the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones. The present review summarized the Chinese medicines that play a therapeutic role in cerebral ischemia through regulating the "Gut-Brain" axis and described the corresponding mechanisms. This study attempts to provide reference for clinical selection of Chinese medicines and helps better understand the relevant mechanisms of action.

The accumulating evidence revealed that gut microbiota plays an important role in pathological process of disease including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Polysaccharides extracted from Chinese medicine (CM) can not only alleviate pathological status but also promote health by anti-inflammatory, regulating immunity, lowering blood glucose and lipids, anti-cancer, and anti-oxidation. The alterations of gut microbiota composition and metabolism pathways are the potential mechanisms of CM polysaccharides treatment. In addition, they exert functions through gut-organ axis or play an indirect role by synergistic actions with other drugs or components mediated by gut microbiota. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of CM polysaccharides interacted with intestinal microbial inhabitants as potential prebiotics for promoting health.

The inflammatory response is closely associated with sepsis occurrence and progression. Damage to the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier is considered to be the ῾initiation factor᾿ for the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, which is the most severe progression of sepsis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) could alleviate the systemic inflammatory response and protect the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier in a rat model of sepsis. The mechanism underlying this protective effect was also explored. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Sham, sham + GdCl3, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP; a model of sepsis) and CLP + GdCl3. In each group, blood was collected from the abdominal aorta, and intestinal tissue was collected after 6, 12 and 24 h of successful modeling. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were determined using ELISA. Western blot analysis was used to determine levels of occludin, tight junction protein ZO-1 (ZO-1), myosin light chain kinase 3 (MLCK), NF-κB and caspase-3 in intestinal tissues. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the degree of damage to intestinal tissue. The results indicated that in CLP sepsis model rats treated with GdCl3, the release of systemic and intestinal pro-inflammatory factors was reduced and tissue damage was alleviated when compared with untreated CLP rats. Additionally, the expression of occludin and ZO-1 was increased, while that of NF-κB, MLCK, and caspase-3 was reduced in the CLP + GdCl3 rats compared with the CLP rats. GdCl3 may alleviate systemic and intestinal inflammatory responses and reduce the expression of MLCK through inhibition of the activation of NF-kB. The results of the present study also indicated that GdCl3 promoted the expression of occludin and ZO-1. GdCl3 was also demonstrated to reduce cell apoptosis through the inhibition of caspase-3 expression.

BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide (CO) has anti-inflammatory effects and protects the intestinal mucosal barrier in sepsis. Pyroptosis, or cell death associated with sepsis, is mediated by caspase-1 activation. This study aimed to investigate the role of CO on the expression of proteins associated with intestinal mucosal pyroptosis in a rat model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). MATERIAL AND METHODS The rat model of sepsis was developed using CLP. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=120) were divided into six study groups: the sham group (n=20); the CLP group (n=20); the hemin group (treated with ferric chloride and heme) (n=20); the zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) group (n=20); the CO-releasing molecule 2 (CORM-2) group (n=20); and the inactive CORM-2 (iCORM-2) group (n=20). Hemin and CORM-2 were CO donors, and ZnPPIX was a CO inhibitor. In the six groups, the seven-day survival curves, the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran 4000 Da (FD-4) permeability assay, levels of intestinal pyroptosis proteins caspase-1, caspase-11, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) were measured by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-18, IL-1s, and high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) were measured by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS CO reduced the mortality rate in rats with sepsis and reduced intestinal mucosal permeability and mucosal damage. CO also reduced the expression levels of IL-18, IL-1s, and HMGB1, and reduced pyroptosis by preventing the cleavage of caspase-1 and caspase-11. CONCLUSIONS In a rat model of sepsis induced by CLP, CO had a protective role by inhibiting intestinal mucosal pyroptosis.

We evaluated the productivity and sustainability responses of corn (Zea mays L.) cultivated in brown soil (FAO: Haplic Luvisol) to long-term fertilization (1983–2011) and climate change in Shandong Province, eastern China. The experimental system comprised a crop rotation of winter wheat and summer corn, with a control (CK) and four fertilization treatments consisting of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), and organic manure (M) in various combinations (N, NP, NPK, NPKM). The average corn grain yields in the four fertilization treatments were 1.3–2.3 times greater than that of the control (CK) (P NPK > NP > CK > N. Corn grain yields in N, NP, and CK significantly increased over time (P 0.05). Bivariate correlation analyses showed that the corn grain yields in CK and the four treatments were significantly positively correlated with mean temperature difference (max–min) during the growth season (P

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a complex, chronic pain condition caused by injury or dysfunction affecting the somatosensory nervous system. This study aimed to identify crucial genes and miRNAs involved in NP. Microarray data (access number GSE91396) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Murine RNA-seq samples from three brain regions [nucleus accumbens, (NAc); medial prefrontal cortex, (mPFC) and periaqueductal gray, (PAG)] were compared between the spared nerve injury (SNI) model and a sham surgery. After data normalization, differentially expressed RNAs were screened using the limma package and functional enrichment analysis was performed with Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The microRNA (miRNA/miR)-mRNA regulatory network and miRNA-target gene-pathway regulatory network were constructed using Cytoscape software. A total of 2,776 differentially expressed RNAs (219 miRNAs and 2,557 mRNAs) were identified in the SNI model compared with the sham surgery group. A total of two important modules (red and turquoise module) were found to be related to NP using weighed gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) for the 2,325 common differentially expressed RNAs in three brain regions. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network were significantly enriched in 21 Gene Ontology terms and five pathways. A total of four important DEGs (CXCR2, IL12B, TNFSF8 and GRK1) and five miRNAs (miR-208a-5p, miR-7688-3p, miR-344f-3p, miR-135b-3p and miR-135a-2-3p) were revealed according to the miRNA-target gene-pathway regulatory network to be related to NP. Four important DEGs (CXCR2, IL12B, TNFSF8 and GRK1) and five miRNAs (miR-208a-5p, miR-7688-3p, miR-344f-3p, miR-135b-3p and miR-135a-2-3p) were differentially expressed in SNI, indicating their plausible roles in NP pathogenesis.

To observe the effect of manual acupuncture (MA)＋ electroacupuncture (EA) on changes of neurological function and expression of monocarboxylate transporter 2(MCT2)in cerebral ischemia (CI) rats, so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Eighty male Wistar rats were equally randomized into four groups: normal control (normal), sham operation (sham), model and acupuncture. The CI model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with a thread embolus. Manual acupuncture stimulation (mild twisting reinforcing-reducing method) was applied to "Baihui"(GV20)and "Fengfu"(GV16) for 10 min. EA (1 mA, 2 Hz /15 Hz) was respectively applied to bilateral "Quchi" (LI11) and "Zusanli"(ST36) for 20 min, once per day for 7 days. The neurological deficit severity was evaluated according to Zea Longa's methods. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), fructose-6-phosphate kinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) in the peri-ischemic cortex tissue was detected by enzymatic chemistry, and the expression of MCT2 detected by immunofluorescence histochemistry, Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR, separately.After CI and in comparison with the normal and sham groups, the Zea Longa's score, the fluorescence intensity and the expression level of MCT2 protein were significantly increased (Acupuncture intervention can improve neurological function in CI rats, which is possibly related with its effects in up-regulating the expression of MCT2 and promoting the utilization of lactate in peri-ischemic cortex.

The photolytic and photocatalytic degradation rates of Rhodamine B (RhB) in wastewater were investigated and compared through irradiation with UV light of three wavelengths (207 nm, 222 nm, and 254 nm). UV light of all three wavelengths exhibited good RhB degradation capability under both acidic and alkaline conditions. When UV light energy is about 690 J, the RhB degradation rate is the highest (78.93%) under UV 222 nm, followed by that under UV 207 nm (70.44%) and UV 254 nm (25.17%). At each wavelength, the reaction kinetics of RhB was investigated with and without the addition of H2O2. The degradation rate of RhB was found to increase at the presence of H2O2. Photolysis mechanisms under the three UV light wavelengths were proposed based on the electrospray ionization mass spectra results, which indicated that RhB underwent different degradation pathways at different UV wavelengths. This study could help enhance understanding of the capability of the UV light of 207, 222, and 254 nm to degrade water pollutants.

In order to investigate the relationship between the accumulation of phenolic acids in peanut continuous cropping soil and the continuous cropping obstacle of peanut, the effects of p-hydroxy benzoic acid and cinnamic acid on peanut root zone soil nutrients, soil enzyme activities and yield of peanut were studied by pot experiment at three stages of peanut, i.e. the pegging stage of peanut (45 days after seedling), the early podding (75 days after seedling) and the end of podding (105 days after seedling) stages. The results showed that the peanut root zone soil nutrients and enzyme activities changed obviously under the two phenolic acids treatment, especially at the pegging stage of peanut. The soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and soil enzyme activities (urease, sucrose, neutral phosphatase) were decreased significantly. At the early and end of podding stages of peanut, the effects of the two phenolic acids on peanut root zone soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities were under a weakening trend. The allelopathy of cinnamic acid was stronger than that of p-hydroxy benzoic acid at the same initial content. The pod yield per pot was reduced by 45.9% and 52.8%, while the pod number of per plant was reduced by 46.2% and 48.9% at higher concentration (80 mg·kg为探讨连作花生土壤中酚酸类物质的累积与花生连作障碍的关系,通过大田盆栽试验,研究了对羟基苯甲酸、肉桂酸对花生花针期(出苗后45 d)、结荚初期(出苗后75 d)、结荚末期(出苗后105 d)根部土壤养分、酶活性及产量的影响.结果表明: 经两种酚酸类物质处理后,花生根部土壤养分和酶活性均发生了明显的变化,以在花针期受到的影响最大,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾和土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶活性均显著降低;到花生结荚初期和结荚末期,两种物质对土壤养分、酶活性的抑制作用有减弱趋势.初始含量相同时,肉桂酸的化感作用相对较强.高浓度(80 mg·kg

Eight bibenzyl derivatives, namely dendrocandins J-Q (1-8), were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium candidum. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometry. Compounds 1-8 were examined for antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay, and the IC50 values were 36.8, 70.2, 45.0, 60.5, 87.6, 50.4, 22.3, and 30.3 μM, respectively.

A novel o-benzoquinol, named 2-acetonyl-3-methoxy-5-[4-methoxyphenethyl]-o-benzoquinol (1), and a new bibenzyl, named (S)-3,4,α-trihydroxy-5,4′-dimethoxybibenzyl (2), were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium candidum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. Both of the compounds were assayed for cytotoxic activities by the MTT test, and antioxidant activities by the DPPH free radical scavenging assay in vitro.

Structure parameters of work piece on muffler unit with simple expansion are determined using orthogonal experiment design method, and relationship model of total sound power of flow regenerated noise and flow velocity structure parameters is built, and the model parameters are solved, and quantity study of effect factors for the noise is performed. Results show that inlet diameter and expansion cavity length have high effect on flow regeneration noise, the reducing of the inlet diameter and improving expansion cavity length is in favor of the reduction of flow regeneration noise from muffler unit with simple expansion, and expansion ratio has less influence on the noise, the reducing of the expansion ratio makes the regenerated noise become less down.

Making use of orthogonal experiment design method samples on muffler element with perforated plate are fixed, and a model of total sound power of flow regeneration noise and flow velocity, perforated diameter, expansion ratio, perforated ratio and length of perforated plate to inlet expansion is established, and the model parameters are solved, and quantity research of the noise effect is performed, and spectrum characteristic of flow regeneration noise from the muffler element is analyzed. It is achieved that the perforated diameter and the expansion ratio have important effect on flow regeneration noise, the reducing of the perforated diameter and improving expansion ratio is in favor of the reduction of flow regeneration noise from muffler element with perforated plate, and peak value frequency appears in the middle and high range, and the high frequency may be high velocity air flowing through little holes on the plate.

Using orthogonal experimental design method structure parameters of work piece for muffler element with inserted tube are determined. Flow noise regeneration of them is measured on the self development test bench. Relationship model on total sound power of flow regeneration noise and structure parameter and flow velocity is established utilizing Multiple linear regression method, model parameters are solved making use of hyper static least square method. Significance test of the model is performed, the law of total sound power level for muffler element flow regeneration noise changing with the parameters is discussed. Result shows that the established models is all highly significant under 0.01 levels, and inserted length of outlet tube and inn-diameter of inlet tube have higher effect on the flow generation noise, and decreasing the inserted length and the inn-diameter are in favor of reducing flow generation noise. But inserted length of inlet tube and expansion ratio have little effect on the flow generation noise.

Improving design of some automotive muffler is introduced, according to the existing problem of original exhaust muffler in is modified, using sound software attenuation characteristic is analyzed, and pressure distribution of muffler inner is performed to calculate adopting three-dimension flow field tool, and the muffler is tested on engine bench. Result shows that Compared with the original muffler, power loss is decreased by about 30%, set-net noise of the original muffler all has dropped dramatically, and it is in the target.

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) intervention on constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) and colonic calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) expression levels in IBS rats, so as to reveal its mechanism underlying improvement of lBS.A total of 32 male Wistar rats were equally ran-domized into normal control, model, EA-Shangjuxu (ST 37) and EA-Dachangshu (BL 25) groups. The C-IBS model was established according to Peng's methods (2004). EA (2 Hz/100 Hz, 0.1-0.2 mA) was applied to bilateral ST 37 and BL 25 for 30 min, once daily for 7 days. The stool properties (hardness or softness, water content, etc.) were typed (1-7 points) and the fecal water content was calculated by wet weight minus dry weight. The relative expression levels of CGRP and SP proteins in the colon tissues were detected by Western blot.Compared to the control group, the stool property score and stool water content were significantly lower in the model group (P0.01). After EA intervention, both stool property scores and stool water contents were obviously higher in the EA-ST 37 and EA-BL 25 groups than in the model group (P0.05, P0.01). The expression levels of colonic CGRP and SP proteins were significantly higher in the model group than in the control group, and obviously down-regulated in the two EA intervention groups (P0.01). No significant differences were found between the EA-ST 37 and EA-BL 25 groups in the stool property score and stool water content, and colonic CGRP and SP protein expression levels (P0.05).EA intervention can ameliorate the fecal property in C-IBS rats, which may be associated with its function in inhibi-ting the expression of colonic CGRP and SP proteins.

The OsLpa1 gene (LOC_Os02g57400) was identified to be involved in phytic acid (PA) metabolism because its knockout and missense mutants reduce PA content in rice grain. However, little is known about the molecular characteristics of OsLpa1 in rice and of its homologues in other plants. In the present study, the spatial pattern of OsLpa1 expression was revealed using OsLpa1 promoter::GUS transgenic plants (GUS: β-glucuronidase); GUS histochemical assay showed that OsLpa1 was strongly expressed in stem, leaf, and root tissues, but in floral organ it is expressed mainly and strongly in filaments. In seeds, GUS staining was concentrated in the aleurone layers; a few blue spots were observed in the outer layers of embryo, but no staining was observed in the endosperm. Three OsLpa1 transcripts (OsLpa1.1, OsLpa1.2, OsLpa1.3) are produced due to alternative splicing; quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that the abundance of OsLpa1.3 was negligible compared with OsLpa1.1 and OsLpa1.2 in all tissues. OsLpa1.2 is predominant in germinating seeds (about 5 times that of OsLpa1.1), but its abundance decreases quickly with the development of seedlings and plants, whereas the abundance of OsLpa1.1 rises and falls, reaching its highest level in 45-d-old plants, with abundance greater than that of OsLpa1.2 in both leaves and roots. In seeds, the abundance of OsLpa1 continuously increases with seed growth, being 27.5 and 15 times greater in 28-DAF (day after flowering) seeds than in 7-DAF seeds for OsLpa1.1 and OsLpa1.2, respectively. Transient expression of chimeric genes with green fluorescence protein (GFP) in rice protoplasts demonstrated that all proteins encoded by the three OsLpa1 transcripts are localized to the chloroplast.

Structure parameters of muffler element with inserted tube are firstly determined, it is analyzed to the inserted length effecting on sound power of flow regeneration noise and frequency characteristic, and distribution feature of flow velocity and turbulence kinetic energy is explored by numerical computation of flow field. It is shown that flow regeneration noise of muffler element with inserted tube forms according to confined incomplete flow-inject, it presents wide frequency band, and its energy focus on middle and low frequency, especially it is about 600Hz, Strouhal Number is 0.5. When its structure parameters is constant, distribution feature of flow velocity and turbulence kinetic energy doesn’t change with flow velocity, and difference is numerical dimension, and turbulence kinetic energy distributes near inserted tube in wall, this is area occurring flow regeneration noise, so producing mechanism of flow regeneration noise from muffler element with inserted tube is achieved.

利用溶胶-凝胶法结合气氛控制方式合成了含Bi 2 O 3 纳米晶钠硼硅玻璃. 利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDX)、扫描模式透射电子显微镜(STEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)以及选区电子衍射 (SAED)对掺杂在钠硼硅玻璃中Bi 2 O 3 纳米晶的形貌和微结构进行了表征, 同时, 利用飞秒开孔 Z -scan技术详细地研究了Bi 2 O 3 纳米晶玻璃在800 nm处不同激发光强度下的三阶非线性光吸收性质. 结果表明, 在钠硼硅玻璃中形成了尺寸小于10 nm的Bi 2 O 3 单斜晶系纳米晶. 随着激发光强度的增强, 该玻璃的三阶非线性光吸收性质产生由饱和吸收向反饱和吸收的转变. 进一步, 计算得到的该玻璃三阶非线性极化率 χ (3) 的数量级范围在10 -19 ~10 -18 m 2 /V 2 之间. 这一结果说明该玻璃具有良好的非线性光学性能, 并且在光限幅器等非线性光学领域具有潜在的应用价值.

Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder leading to hyperglycemia and exhibiting altered fat and protein metabolism. Diabetes altered cellular microenvironment caused myriad untoward effects. Periodontitis is chronic inflammatory disease. Diabetes and periodontitis had higher prevalence in populations. The objective studied the relationship between diabetes and periodontitis associated with cell apoptosis and the influence of diabetes enhanced inflammation on apoptosis and periodontitis. Methods: This paper studied and analyzed the papers which published in the worldwide associated with the influence of diabetes enhanced inflammation on cell apoptosis and periodontitis, and reviewed the probably mechanism associated with apoptosis. Results: Diabetes induced hyperglycemia enhanced inflammation related to cell apoptosis. Periodontitis had a higher morbidity on diabetes patients. Periodontal intervention may be benefit to controlling the diabetes. The bidirectional efficiency happened between diabetes and periodontitis. Anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammation option can improve the therapeutic effects on diabetes and periodontitis. The finding included following several aspects. 1) Advanced glycation end products enhanced inflammatory response; 2) Hyperglycemia induced cell apoptosis; 3) inflammatory cytokines caused cell apoptosis; 4) Mutuality between cell apoptosis and periodontitis; 5) Diabetes induce periodontitis and bone loss; 6) Periodontitis induced insulin resistance. 7) TNFα induce prostaglandins elicited cell apoptosis; 8) periodontal therapies had effects on diabetes. Conclusion: Diabetes can enhance inflamemation leading to apoptosis and periodontitis. Effective periodontal therapy and control glucose may produce better effects on diabetes or periodontitis. Further research required to investigate the bidirectional mechanism between diabetes and periodontitis.

Several modals on Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) in tunneling are introduced, the revolving rock tunneling simulator set-up is designed, the finite element model of cutter parts of the experimental bench is built, and free mode analysis of it is performed, and the model on system of cutter head, cutter and rock is established. It is shown that natural frequency on the cutter parts is higher, the frequency of first step is 4536Hz, and the most modes are deformations of the cutter loop, vibration acceleration of the cutter decreases with fracture tunnel width increasing, in some degree broken rock mechanics is achieved, foundation is provided for improving using life and adaptability of the cutter, and optimizing arrangement of plate cutter on the cutter head, and finally realizing high efficiency and low energy consumption.

Flow noise regeneration from perforated tube muffler element was measured on the self-developing test bench, relationship model on total sound power of flow regeneration noise and structure parameters and work condition was established. Its model parameters were solved making use of hyper static least square method. Using the model effect factors of flow noise generation were discussed. Result shows that the reducing of the perforated diameter and the perforated part length is favor of the reduction of flow noise, and perforated ratio and expansion chamber diameter have less effect on flow noise. After analyzing spectrum structure of flow regeneration noise, it is displayed that with the increase of flow velocity projected peak value frequency has the trend of moving to middle and high, its intensity also becomes stronger, and sound energy in some the frequency accounts for about 60% of the total energy, Strophe number is the range of from 0.2 to 0.35.

Presence problem of exhaust muffler is anal sized, using three three-dimension numerical calculation of fluid and sound field improvement on original structure is performed, and improving results are certificated. It is shown that insert loss under every rotational speed all reach to the standard of 28dB（A）, and the noises of stationary end tube on the attention frequency band are all smaller than 5 dB（A） , and its pressure loss is decreased by about 32% than 7.6kPa of original structure muffler. So performance of the muffler is evidence increased, an important method is provided for decreasing whole vehicle noise, improving aerodynamic quality and reducing environmental pollution.

Based on two-microphone transfer function method, the measuring method of incident sound power in duct is introduced, The special test equipment is built, and the test and measurement program of incident sound power in duct is written, and effect factors of measurement are analyzed. Results are shown that temperature, flow velocity, microphone spacing deviation and complex reflection coefficient influences less on the program. Transmission loss of perforated tube muffler with no flow is measured using the program, comparison is carried out with results of finite element method, they agrees with well, and with flow sound power of flow regeneration from the muffler is also done, an important foundation is provided for quantitative study on occurring mechanism flow regenerated noise and enhancing attenuation performance of muffler.

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils has serious negative influence on human health. Concentrations of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni in top soils (0-20 cm) of greenhouses and farmlands from four main vegetable production areas Shouguang, Laiyang, Jinxiang, and Zhangqiu in Shandong Province, one of the most rapidly developing regions in China, were measured in this study. Shouguang is mainly occupied by greenhouse vegetables and the other three areas are mainly open field culture. Total of 149 soil samples were collected. The average concentrations of the eight heavy metals of the tested 149 soil samples were all below the threshold values according to “Farmland environmental quality evaluation standards for edible agricultural products (HJ332-2006)” of China. However, most of the studied heavy metals were present at higher concentrations than those of the natural background levels in local agricultural soils. Among the total 149 soil samples, 22 samples were contaminated by Cd, Ni, Cu, or Hg. Comparisons showed that the main pollution element in greenhouse vegetable soils was Cd, while that of open field vegetable soils was Cu. The results of principal components analysis (PCA) suggested that concentrations of Cr, As, and Ni were mainly controlled by parent rocks; Hg and Pb were affected by anthropogenic activities such as vehicle and industrial fumes and waste water irrigation. Meanwhile, concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn were affected mainly by the use of agrochemicals. Most of the heavy metals were positively correlated with each other in concentration. Appropriate measures should be taken to effectively control heavy metal levels in vegetable soils and thus protect human health.

With the east section of the Changji sag Zhunger Basin as a case study, both a principal curvature method and a moving least square method are elaborated. The moving least square method is introduced, for the first time, to fit a stratum surface. The results show that, using the same-degree base function, compared with a traditional least square method, the moving least square method can produce lower fitting errors, the fitting surface can describe the morphological characteristics of stratum surfaces more accurately and the principal curvature values vary within a wide range and may be more suitable for the prediction of the distribution of structural fractures. The moving least square method could be useful in curved surface fitting and stratum curvature analysis.

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) intervention on changes of neurological function and expression of cerebral cytochrome P 450 2 C 11 (CYP 2 0 11) mRNA in focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) rats, so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of ischemic cerebral vascular disease.Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal, model, EA and EA+ 17-ODYA (17-Octadecynoic acid, an inhibitor for the metabolism of arachidonic acid by cytochrome P 450) groups. Focal cerebral ischemia rats were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with thread embolus. EA was applied to bilateral "Neiguan"(PC 6 ) and "Quchi" (LI 11) after MCAO. Zea Longa's score and beam walking test (BWT) score of rats were used to evaluate the neurological impairment. Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) of the pial tissue was moni- tored using Laser-Doppler Flowmetry. The expression of cerebral CYP 2 C 11 mRNA was examined by Real-time Quantitative PCR (qPCR).In comparison with the normal group, BWT score and LCBF of the model group were significantly decreased (P0.05), and Zea Longa's score and cerebral CYP 2 C 11 mRNA expression level of the model group were significantly increased (P0.05). While in comparison with the model group, BWT score, LCBF and cerebral CYP2 C 11 mRNA levels were considerably up-regulated and Zea Longa's score was down-regulated in the EA group (P0.05) rather than in the EA + 17- ODYA group (P0.05). H.E. stainshowed that the nerve impairment of the ischemic cerebral tissue including the neuronal degeneration, necrosis, apoptosis, etc. was relatively milder in the EA group.EA intervention can improve cerebral blood flow and up-regulate cerebral CYP 2 C 11 mRNA expression in FCI rats, which may contribute to its action in improving neu- rological impairment.

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) intervention on dynamic changes of neurological function, blood glucose and insulin levels in rats with focal cerebral ischemia (CI), so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of ischemic cerebral vascular disease.Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal, sham-operation (sham), model and EA. CI model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The four groups were further randomized into 5 subgroups according to time-points of MCAO: 6 hour, day 1, day 3, day 7 and day 14 (8 rats/ group). EA (2 Hz/15 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to bilateral "Neiguan" (PC 6) and "Quchi" (LI 11) for 30 min, once daily for 1 day to 14 days. Neurological impairment was evaluated by Zea Longa 5-point scoring system. Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) of the cerebral pia mater was determined using Laser Doppler Flowmetry. The levels of abdominal cavity venous blood glucose and serum insulin were measured by using a glucose meter and radioimmunoassay, respectively.In comparison with the normal and sham groups, the rats' body weights and LCBF levels at time-points of day 1, 3, 7 and 14, and blood glucose and serum insulin levels at most time-points of 6 h, day 1, 3, 7 and 14 after CI were significantly decreased in the model group (P0.05), and neurological scores at time-points of 6 h, day 1, 3, 7 and 14 were markedly increased in the model group (P0.05). After EA intervention, compared with the model group, the rats' body weights at time points of day 3, 7 and 14, LCBF levels on day 7 and 14, blood glucose on day 14, and serum insulin contents at time-points of day 1, 3, 7 and 14 were considerably increased in the EA group (P0.05), while Zea Longa scores at time-points of day 3 and 7 were evidently decreased in the EA group (P0.05).EA intervention is effective in improving neurological function in CI rats, which is probably associated with its functions in improving cerebral blood flow, and up-regulating blood glucose and insulin levels.

Image segmentation is a key step in image processing and image analysis and occupies an important position in image engineering.In this paper, basing on maximum variance between-class, an adaptive and multi-objective image segmentation method is proposed. The concrete implement is to determine adaptively the optimum number of threshold of image using the idea of variance decomposition,while calculating the weighted ratio of within class difference and class difference existing in each classification image. By comparing the ratio, the optimum number of target for image can be get. The experimental results show that the sub-images after segmentation are relatively clear and the differences between classes are obvious.

The photodetachment cross section of H- in a linear harmonic oscillator potential is investigated. This system provides a rare example that can be studied analytically by both quantum and semiclassical methods with some approximations. The formulas of the cross section for different laser polarization directions are explicitly derived by both the traditional quantum approach and closed-orbit theory. In the traditional quantum approach, we calculate the cross sections in coordinate representation and momentum representation, and get the same formulas. We compare the quantum formulas with closed-orbit theory formulas, and find that when the detachment electron energy is larger than 3/2 (h) over bar omega, where omega is the frequency of the oscillator potential, the quantum results are shown to be in good agreement with the semiclassical results.

A lot of questions appear in the construction course of the digital city, such as data islands, massive data storage and collaborative computing, etc. Traditional network processing methods do not meet the needs of the construction and application. The grid technology can solve these problems brought about. How to build digital cities In the grid environment, this paper presents a digital city spatial information platform based on grid computing.

Supernumerary teeth is one of the dysplasia that the number of the teeth are more than physical number. Most cases of reports were with 1-2 supernumerary teeth and rare cases were with more than 3 supernumerary teeth. A 17-year old female patient of 7 impacted supernumerary teeth were found because of toothache of premolar caused by impacted supernumerary teeth and were treated by extraction of impacted supernumerary teeth.

Acidization was studied on a uranium sandstone deposit in Inner Mongolia with low–permeability and heavy calcium cementation. Acid dissolving test indicates that hydrochloric acid, formic acid and mud acid can easily dissolve formation minerals. With proper volumes and concentrations of acids used, the risk of precipitation of reaction products could be minimized. Core flow acidizing trial shows that the acidic fluid systems of hydrochloride acid, formic acid or acetic acid can significantly improve the core permeability. The average permeability has increased by 763 percent for the above three systems. But mud acid didn’t increase the core permeability; on the contrary, it caused formation damage, and led to lowering permeability. In the pilot test, the injection rate has improved by 118 percent for 6 wells. The acid treatment results indicate that a significant production enhancement of wellfields can be achieved by acid stimulation.Copyright © 2010 by ASME

From D,L-lactic acid and the natural functional molecule cholic acid (CA), the biodegradable material poly(D,L-lactide–cholate) was synthesized via direct copolycondensation. For the CA/lactic acid (LA) molar feed ratio of 1/64, the optimal synthesis conditions were as follows: a prepolymerization time of 8 h, 0.3 wt % SnO catalyst, and melt copolycondensation for 8 h at 160°C, which gave a novel star-shaped poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) modified by CA with the maximum weight-average molecular weight of 5600 Da at a yield of 51.9%. The copolymer poly(D,L-lactide–cholate) at different molar feed ratios was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction. Decreasing the molar feed ratio of CA/LA from 1/15 to 1/128 reduced the average number of CA units embedded in the copolymer from 4 to 1. With 1/15 CA/LA, the copolymer was not a star-shaped polymer, and its weight-average molecular weight was the biggest (weight-average molecular weight = 12,700 Da, weight-average molecular weight/number-average molecular weight = 1.68). With 1/32 CA/LA, the copolymer with two CA units was not a star-shaped polymer either. With 1/64, 1/100, and 1/128 CA/LA, the copolymer mainly had one CA unit core embedded as a normal star-shaped PDLLA with four arms, and certain crystallinity could be detected. The novel direct copolycondensation method was simple and practical for the synthesis of the asymmetrical star-shaped PDLLA material, and it was advantageous for this PDLLA material embedded in the special bioactive molecule CA to be applied in the field of drug delivery and tissue engineering. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010

Incidence rate of 4 root canals in maxillary second molar is very low and most molars have only two mesiobuccal root canals. The emergence of 4 root canals in maxillary second molar with two lingual root canals is especially rare. A case of 4 root canals maxillary second molar with two lingual root canals was successfully treated and reported in this article.

To observe the inductive efficiency of deriving hematopoietic cells from human embryonic stem (hES) cells co-cultured with human yolk sac stromal cells, fetal liver stromal cells or fetal bone marrow stromal cells,in order to discuss the effect of the different hemopoietic microenvironment on hemopoietic cytogenesis.We used two-step method to induce the hES cells into the hematopoietic cells. In the first step the hES cells were co-cultured with cytokines by formation of the day 5 embryoid bodies (5d EBs). In the second step the 5d EB cells were induced into the hematopoietic cells by co-culturing with human yolk sac stromal cells, fetal liver stromal cells or fetal bone marrow stromal cells for 10 days. The inductive efficiencies of deriving hematopoietic cells from hES cells co-cultured with the different hemopoietic microenvironment were reflected by the expression levels of flk, CD34 and CD45 antigen.Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the population of the cells co-cultured with human yolk sac stromal cells contained flk (1.80%+/-0.56%), CD34 (1.30%+/-0.14%) or CD45 (1.05%+/-0.63%) positive cells; the population of the cells co-cultured with human fetal liver stromal cells contained flk (34.00%+/-25.45%), CD34 (38.40%+/-24.80%) or CD45 (72.60%+/-25.70%) positive cells; the population of the cells co-cultured with human fetal bone marrow stromal cells contained flk (2.50%+/-1.48%), CD34 (3.20%+/-0.56%) or CD45 (1.65%+/-0.21%) positive cells. Compared with spontaneous differentiation of EBs, all of the three stromal cells could induce EBs into the hematopoietic cells (P0.05).The inductive efficiency of deriving hematopoietic cells from EBs co-cultured with human fetal liver stromal cells was higher than EBs co-cultured with human yolk sac stromal cells and fetal bone marrow stromal cells.

The combination of the electronic business and the exhibition industry has become an inevitable trend of the development of the exhibition industry. Through the efforts of many years, China Import & Export Fair has built a solid basic hardware platform for electronic business, hence made the exhibition management and electronic service e-enabled and web-enabled, then established the outward communication service systems, and built up an OA platform for foreign trade center. This paper provides a demonstration research analysis, and proposes a general model for the framework of electronic business in the exhibition industry.