32 results on '"Hai-Ling Xi"'
Search Results
2. Physiological Response Mechanism of Alfalfa Roots to Typical Explosive Cyclotrimethylene Trinitramine (RDX)
- Author
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Xu Yang, San-ping Zhao, and Hai-ling Xi
- Published
- 2023
3. Physiological response mechanism of alfalfa seedlings roots to typical explosive cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)
- Author
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Xu Yang, San-ping Zhao, and Hai-ling Xi
- Subjects
Physiology ,Genetics ,Plant Science - Published
- 2023
4. Generic detection of organophosphorus nerve agent adducts to butyrylcholinesterase in plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with an improved procainamide-gel separation and pepsin digestion method
- Author
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Chang-Cai Liu, Long-Hui Liang, Long Yan, Bo Chen, Xiu-Jie Liu, Yang Yang, Shi-Lei Liu, and Hai-Ling Xi
- Subjects
Organic Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry - Published
- 2023
5. Evaluation of the physiological response of Chlorella vulgaris to nanoplastics: involvement of boron and the amino acid biosynthesis pathway
- Author
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Xu Yang, Yue Duan, San-ping Zhao, and Hai-ling Xi
- Subjects
Plant Science ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2023
6. Assessing the ecological risk of tritium and Carbon-14 discharge on cyanobacteria through metabolic profiling
- Author
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Jin-long Lai, Yi Wang, Zhan-guo Li, Hai-ling Xi, and Xue-gang Luo
- Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,General Medicine ,Toxicology ,Pollution - Published
- 2023
7. Direct Acetonitrile-Assisted Trypsin Digestion Method Combined with LC-MS/MS-Targeted Peptide Analysis for Unambiguous Identification of Intact Ricin
- Author
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Long Yan, Xiao-Sen Li, Hai-Ling Xi, Hui-Lan Yu, Yang Yang, Bo Chen, Chang-Cai Liu, Shi-Lei Liu, and Long-Hui Liang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Acetonitriles ,Ricin ,Cleavage (embryo) ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Matrix (chemical analysis) ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,medicine ,Trypsin ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Toxin ,General Chemistry ,030104 developmental biology ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ,Digestion ,Peptides ,medicine.drug ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Ricin is a type II ribosome-inactivating protein toxin consisting of A and B chains linked by one interchain disulfide bond. Because of its high toxicity depending on both chains together, confirming the presence of both A and B chains of intact ricin is required during the investigation of the illegal production and application. Here, we report a novel and sensitive acetonitrile (ACN)-assisted trypsin digestion method for unambiguous identification of intact ricin by simultaneous detection of its marker peptides from A and B chains. Marker peptides were generated with a simple procedure by direct cleaving the native ricin at 45 °C for 4 h using Promega modified sequencing grade trypsin under the assistance of 10% ACN, and then directly analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The type of trypsin was found to be one critical factor for cleavage of intact ricin based on a significant difference in the yields of specific peptides generated while using various types of trypsin. A low content of ACN in enzymatic buffer significantly reduced the digestion time from overnight to 4 h. There was commonly a better MS response of marker peptides when using the developed ACN-assisted trypsin digestion method than methanol-assisted trypsin digestion within the same 4 h. Totally, seven specific peptides with high sensitivity and specificity including three in the A-chain (TA7, TA11, and TA10) and four in the B-chain (TB6, TB14-ss-TB16, TB20, and TB18) were obtained as good marker peptides for unambiguous identification of intact ricin. The lowest concentration of native ricin for unambiguous identification was 20 ng/mL, in which three marker peptides from both the A-chain and B-chain could be measured with a minimum of three ion transitions. Combined with affinity enrichment, the developed approach was successfully applied for the measurement of intact ricin from the complicated matrix samples of the second, third, and fourth biotoxin exercises organized by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). This study has provided a recommended detection method combined with one novel ACN-assisted trypsin digestion with MS for forensic unambiguous confirmation of trace ricin intact with high confidence.
- Published
- 2020
8. Simultaneous quantification of four metabolites of sulfur mustard in urine samples by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction
- Author
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Chang-Cai Liu, Long-Hui Liang, Hai-Ling Xi, Huang Guilan, Shi-Lei Liu, Hui-Lan Yu, Jing-Quan Liu, and Shi-Kun Zhou
- Subjects
Analyte ,Metabolite ,Urine ,Acetates ,Thiodiglycol ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Matrix (chemical analysis) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ,Mustard Gas ,Humans ,Chemical Warfare Agents ,Sulfhydryl Compounds ,Solid phase extraction ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Detection limit ,Chromatography ,010405 organic chemistry ,Solid Phase Extraction ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Reproducibility of Results ,General Medicine ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Four HD urinary metabolites including hydrolysis metabolite thiodiglycol (TDG), glutathione-derived metabolite 1,1'-sulfonylbis[2-S-(N-acetylcysteinyl)ethane] (SBSNAE), as well as the β-lyase metabolites 1,1'-sulfonylbis[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethane] (SBMSE) and 1-methylsulfinyl-2-[2-(methylthio) ethylsulfonyl]ethane (MSMTESE) are considered as important biomarkers for short-term retrospective detection of HD exposure. In this study, a single method for simultaneous quantification of the four HD metabolites in urine samples was developed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The four urinary metabolites were simultaneously extracted from urinary samples using a solid phase extraction (SPE) method with high extraction recoveries for all four metabolites varied in the range of 71.1-103% followed by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. The SPE is simple and high effective only requiring 0.1mL of urinary samples and 0.5h time consuming. The problem of previous co-elution of TDG and SBSNAE in UHPLC was well solved, and complete separation of TDG, SBSNAE, SBMSE and MSMTESE from SPE-processed urine matrix was obtained to increase specificity and sensitivity. A full method validation was performed for each analyte in urine matrix. The linear range of calibration curves for the four analytes were respectively from 0.50-500ngmL-1 for TDG and SBSNAE, 0.05-500ngmL-1 for SBMSE and MSMTESE with coefficient of determination value (R2) ≥0.990. The limit of detection was 0.25ngmL-1 for TDG and SBSNAE, 0.01ngmL-1 for SBMSE and MSMTESE spiked in normal urine. The intra/inter-day precision for each analyte at three QC levels had relative standard deviation (%RSD) of ≤10.3%, and the intra/inter-day accuracy ranged between 88.0-108%. This developed method allows for simultaneous and trace measurement of four HD urinary metabolites within one single determination with the lowest usage amount of urine samples over all previous methods This study provides a useful tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of HD poisoning for medical treatment with high confidence, avoiding the need for application of several analysis methods.
- Published
- 2017
9. Simultaneous quantification of soman and VX adducts to butyrylcholinesterase, their aged methylphosphonic acid adduct and butyrylcholinesterase in plasma using an off-column procainamide-gel separation method combined with UHPLC–MS/MS
- Author
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Chang-Cai Liu, Ling Yuan, Shi-Kun Zhou, Long-Hui Liang, Hui-Lan Yu, Hai-Ling Xi, Shi-Lei Liu, Jing-Quan Liu, and Huang Guilan
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Soman ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Procainamide ,Immunomagnetic separation ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Adduct ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Organophosphorus Compounds ,Limit of Detection ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,medicine ,Humans ,Sample preparation ,Chemical Warfare Agents ,Methylphosphonic acid ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Butyrylcholinesterase ,Nerve agent ,Detection limit ,Chromatography ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Organothiophosphorus Compounds ,Equipment Design ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,0104 chemical sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Cholinesterase Inhibitors ,Gels ,medicine.drug - Abstract
This work describes a novel and sensitive non-isotope dilution method for simultaneous quantification of organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNAs) soman (GD) and VX adducts to butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), their aged methylphosphonic acid (MeP) adduct and unadducted BChE in plasma exposed to OPNA. OPNA-BChE adducts were isolated with an off-column procainamide-gel separation (PGS) from plasma, and then digested with pepsin into specific adducted FGES*AGAAS nonapeptide (NP) biomarkers. The resulting NPs were detected by UHPLC-MS/MS MRM. The off-column PGS method can capture over 90% of BChE, MeP-BChE, VX-BChE and GD-BChE from their respective plasma materials. One newly designed and easily synthesized phosphorylated BChE nonapeptide with one Gly-to-Ala mutation was successfully reported to serve as internal standard instead of traditional isotopically labeled BChE nonapeptide. The linear range of calibration curves were from 1.00-200ngmL-1 for VX-NP, 2.00-200ngmL-1 for GD-NP and MeP-NP (R2≥0.995), and 3.00-200ngmL-1 for BChE NP (R2≥0.990). The inter-day precision had relative standard deviation (%RSD) of
- Published
- 2016
10. [Metal Organic Framework MIL-53(Fe) as a Photocatalyst for Visible-light Catalytic Reduction of U(Ⅵ) in Aqueous Solution]
- Author
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Zeng-Yuan, Yan, Hai-Ling, Xi, and Li-Yong, Yuan
- Abstract
Uranium typically occurs in the hexavalent form U(Ⅵ) as the mobile, aqueous uranyl ion in radioactive wastewater. The reduction of soluble U(Ⅵ) to insoluble U(Ⅳ) oxide is an effective approach to eliminate uranium pollution. Herein, the metal organic framework material MIL-53(Fe) was successfully synthesized by a solvothermal method, and its application as photocatalyst in the reduction of U(Ⅵ) under visible light was studied in detail using various types and concentrations of hole trapping agents, solution pH values, and catalyst dosages. The results show that the use of formic acid as the hole trapping agent greatly accelerates the catalytic reaction rate by improving the charge separation efficiency. When 1 mmol·L
- Published
- 2019
11. An improved method for retrospective quantification of sulfur mustard exposure by detection of its albumin adduct using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- Author
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Long-Hui Liang, Shi-Lei Liu, Hai-Ling Xi, Yu Xiang, Chang-Cai Liu, Jing-Quan Liu, Shi-Kun Zhou, and Hui-Lan Yu
- Subjects
Analytical chemistry ,Poison control ,Tripeptide ,Mass spectrometry ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Adduct ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ,Mustard Gas ,Protein Interaction Mapping ,Humans ,Sample preparation ,Chemical Warfare Agents ,Solid phase extraction ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Serum Albumin ,Retrospective Studies ,Detection limit ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Environmental Exposure ,Biological Assay ,Blood Chemical Analysis ,Protein Binding - Abstract
Sulfur mustard (HD) adduct to human serum albumin (ALB) at Cys-34 residue has become an important and long-term retrospective biomarker of HD exposure. Here, a novel, sensitive, and convenient approach for retrospective quantification of HD concentration exposed to plasma was established by detection of the HD-ALB adduct using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) with a novel non-isotope internal standard (IS). The HD-ALB adduct was isolated from HD-exposed plasma with blue Sepharose. The adduct was digested with proteinase K to form sulfur-hydroxyethylthioethyl ([S-HETE])-Cys-Pro-Phe tripeptide biomarker. The tripeptide adduct could be directly analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS without an additional solid phase extraction (SPE), which was considered as a critical procedure in previous methods. The easily available 2-chloroethyl ethylsulfide (2-CEES) as HD surrogate was first reported to be used as IS in place of traditional d8-HD for quantification of HD exposure. Furthermore, 2-CEES was also confirmed to be a good IS alternative for quantification of HD exposure by investigation of product ion spectra for their corresponding tripeptide adducts which exhibited identical MS/MS fragmentation behaviors. The method was found to be linear between 1.00 and 250 ng•mL(-1) HD exposure (R(2)>0.9989) with precision of
- Published
- 2015
12. Nucleophilic/Oxidizing Degradation of Paraoxon and Thioanisole Using NH3 Modified Aqueous H2O2 Solution
- Author
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Qi Wang, Hai Ling Xi, Yan Jun Zuo, and San Ping Zhao
- Subjects
Aqueous solution ,Paraoxon ,Inorganic chemistry ,Thioanisole ,General Medicine ,Hydrolysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Catalytic oxidation ,Oxidizing agent ,medicine ,Nucleophilic substitution ,Hydrogen peroxide ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Degradation of paraoxon and thioanisole (PhSMe) were studied using NH3modified H2O2solution as decontaminant. Degradation rates of paraoxon depend exponentially on pH of the modified solution. Nucleophilic substitution mediated by HOO-is the major degradation mechanism and at least two orders of magnitude faster than hydrolysis. Proton catalytic oxidation and solvent-aided oxidation contribute differently to the primary oxidation of PhSMe (PhSMe→PhS(O)Me), and the apparent kinetic constants (kap) of the primary oxidation show a three-stage profile with pH of the NH3-modified H2O2solution. Secondary oxidation of PhSMe (PhS(O) Me→PhS(O)2Me) is much slower than the primary oxidation in the modified H2O2solution, and the yield of PhS(O)2Me depended exponentially on pH too. The best pH range for the NH3modified H2O2solution as a broad-spectrum decontaminant is at 9.5-10.0 since a balance of nucleophilic/oxidizing decontamination reactivity could be achieved.
- Published
- 2014
13. Decontamination of Dichlorvos by Hydrogen Peroxide
- Author
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Hai Ling Xi, Hong Jie Zhao, Zhan Guo Li, and Wei Qin Wang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Reaction mechanism ,chemistry ,Oxalic acid ,Dichlorvos ,Inorganic chemistry ,General Engineering ,Acetaldehyde ,Hydrogen peroxide ,Phosphate ,Phosphoric acid ,Nuclear chemistry ,Trimethyl phosphate - Abstract
H2O2 aerosol was used to oxidize dichlorvos vapor. 80.7% of dichlorvos, with the initial concentration of 90.9 mg/m3, was decontaminated when the H2O2 concentration kept in the range of 110~130 mg/m3 within 60 min. According to the oxidation products, analyzed by GC-MS, the decontamination reaction mechanism was discussed. Radical chain reaction is the main decontamination mechanism. H2O2 is dissociated to HOO-, which can induce the formation of ·OH. The double bond in dichlorvos molecule is attacked by ·OH to form molecule radical, which is further oxidized to 1,1-dichloro ethoxy dimethyl phosphate, 1,1,1-trichloro-2-hydroxyl-ethyl dimethyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphite, dimethyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphate, methyl phosphate, dichloro acetaldehyde, oxalic acid, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, parts of which are mineralized to phosphoric acid, CO2, H2O and chloridion.
- Published
- 2013
14. Quantitation of camellianin A in HepG2 cells using a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method
- Author
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Cai-Yun Wang, Feng-Guo Xu, Wei Zhang, Hai-Ling Xi, and Qian-Qian Chen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Flavonoids ,Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ,Chromatography ,Tandem ,Molecular Structure ,Formic acid ,Electrospray ionization ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Selected reaction monitoring ,Analytical chemistry ,General Medicine ,Hep G2 Cells ,Mass spectrometry ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,Triple quadrupole mass spectrometer ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - Abstract
The present study was designed to develop a sensitive and selective high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of Camellianin A in HepG2 cells. The extraction of Camellianin A was achieved using 15% trichloroacetic acid and then separated on a C 18 column interfaced with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The mobile phase was consisted of methanol–water (0.1% formic acid) (55 : 45, V / V ). The total run time was 5.0 min. The method was linear in the concentration range of 0.25–250.0 ng·mL −1 . The lower limit of quantification was 0.25 ng·mL −1 . The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations of entire concentration range were less than 9.3%. The proposed HPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to detect the intracellular concentration of Camellianin A in HepG2 cells.
- Published
- 2016
15. The R 2 2 (8) Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Synthon in Two Novel Glycoluril Derivatives
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Xiang-Gao Meng, Liping Cao, Jiaoyang Ding, An-Xin Wu, and Hai-Ling Xi
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,chemistry ,Hydrogen bond ,Synthon ,Supramolecular chemistry ,Glycoluril ,General Chemistry ,Crystal structure ,Triclinic crystal system ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Organometallic chemistry ,Monoclinic crystal system - Abstract
Two new glycoluril derivatives, namely 6-phenyl-1,4-dioxo-2,2a,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-1H,5H-2,3,4a,6,7a-pentaazacyclopenta[cd]indene-2a,7b-dicarboxylate (1), and diethyl 6-(2,4-dichorophenyl)-1,4-dioxo-2,2a,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-1H,5H-2,3,4a,6,7a-pentaazacyclopenta[cd]indene-2a,7b-dicarboxylate (2) have been synthesized and structurally determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 is, monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a = 20.0784(7), b = 9.0316(3), c = 23.0980(8) A, β = 98.3930(10), V = 4143.7(2) A3, with Z = 8 for d calc = 1.338 Mg/m3. The analog 2 is, Triclinic, space group P-1, with a = 8.9353(18), b = 10.466(2), c = 14.679(3) A, β = 73.60(3), V = 1268.1(4) A3, with Z = 2 for d calc = 1.533 Mg/m3. X-ray analysis reveals that both glycoluril derivatives bearing two free syn-urea NH groups and two ureidyl C=O, assemble the same one-dimensional chains in the solid-state running parallel to the [110], [1–10] and [010] directions via N–H···O hydrogen bonds. Two new glycoluril derivatives, namely 6-phenyl-1,4-dioxo-2,2a,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-1H,5H-2,3,4a,6,7a-pentaazacyclopenta[cd]indene-2a,7b-dicarboxylate (1), and diethyl 6-(2,4-dichorophenyl)-1,4-dioxo-2,2a,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-1H,5H-2,3,4a,6,7a-pentaazacyclopenta[cd]indene-2a,7b-dicarboxylate (2), both bearing two free syn-urea NH groups and two ureidyl C=O, assemble the same one-dimensional chains in the solid-state running parallel to the [110], [1–10] and [010] directions via R 2 2 (8) N–H···O hydrogen bonds.
- Published
- 2011
16. Predictive model of decontamination efficiency of gaseous pollutant by non-equilibrium plasma
- Author
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Zhanguo Li, Peng Cao, Zhen Hu, and Hai-Ling Xi
- Subjects
Pollutant ,Chemistry ,Gaseous pollutants ,Human decontamination ,Plasma ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Plasma reactor ,Bond-dissociation energy ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Chemical bond ,Environmental chemistry ,Energy transformation ,Physical chemistry ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Biotechnology - Abstract
During non-equilibrium plasma (NEP) reactions, chemical bonds of pollutant compound are broken by energy generated in the reactor so that the pollutants are decontaminated. In this study, the energy conversion factor ( E f ) is defined as the ratio of the dissociation energy of chemical bonds destroyed in NEP reaction system to the energy inputted in plasma reactor. The energy conversion factor of chemical bonds ( E f,i ), S–H, C–Cl, C–S, C–H, C–C etc., were determined by decontamination experiments of H 2 S and 2-CEES in plasma reactor. Based on the E f,i s, the predictive model of NEP decontamination efficiency of gaseous pollutant was developed and applied to predict decontamination efficiency of CH 3 CH 2 SH, in which all E f,i s of chemical bonds are known as described above. It was shown by the decontamination experiment of CH 3 CH 2 SH that the predictive value was well agreed to experimental data. Therefore, the model can be used to predict decontamination efficiency of those pollutants in which all E f,i s of chemical bonds have been determined. An improved model is also produced by the analysis of predictive error.
- Published
- 2010
17. Decontamination of VX Surrogate Malathion by Atmospheric Pressure Radio-frequency Plasma Jet
- Author
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Hai-Ling Xi, Yi-Kang Pu, Wen-Chao Zhu, and Bai-Rong Wang
- Subjects
Jet (fluid) ,Volatilisation ,Atmospheric pressure ,General Chemical Engineering ,Analytical chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Human decontamination ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Mass spectrometry ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Malathion ,Degradation (geology) ,Gas chromatography - Abstract
Decontamination of the VX surrogate (malathion) by the atmospheric pressure radio-frequency plasma jet (APPJ) was investigated. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to identify the active species and measure the neutral gas temperature. The effects of RF input power and exposing time on the decontamination efficiency and neutral gas temperature were investigated. The thermal effect and volatilization could be ignored from the APPJ decontamination mechanism in our processing conditions. The degradation products were identified by gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometers (GC–MS). Besides the trace amount of the oxidation product (malaxon), the main degradation products were formed by breaking the S–C bond of malathion. In the end, the main degradation mechanism was drawn out.
- Published
- 2010
18. [Advances in peroxide-based decontaminating technologies]
- Author
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Hai-ling, Xi, San-ping, Zhao, and Wen, Zhou
- Subjects
Animals ,Humans ,Biological Warfare Agents ,Chemical Warfare Agents ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Environmental Pollution ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Decontamination ,Hypochlorous Acid ,Peroxides - Abstract
With the boosting demand for eco-friendly decontaminants, great achievements in peroxide-based decontaminating technologies have been made in recent years. These technologies have been applied in countering chemical/biological terrorist attacks, dealing with chemical/biological disasters and destructing environmental pollutants. Recent research advances in alpha-nucleophilic/oxidative reaction mechanisms of peroxide-based decontamination against chemical warfare agents were reviewed, and some classical peroxide-based decontaminants such as aqueous decontaminating solution, decontaminating foam, decontaminating emulsions, decontaminating gels, decontaminating vapors, and some newly developed decontaminating media (e.g., peroxide-based self-decontaminating materials and heterogeneous nano-catalytic decontamination systems) were introduced. However, currently available peroxide-based decontaminants still have some deficiencies. For example, their decontamination efficiencies are not as high as those of chlorine-containing decontaminants, and some peroxide-based decontaminants show relatively poor effect against certain agents. More study on the mechanisms of peroxide-based decontaminants and the interfacial interactions in heterogeneous decontamination media is suggested. New catalysts, multifunctional surfactants, self-decontaminating materials and corrosion preventing technologies should be developed before peroxide-based decontaminants really become true "green" decontaminants.
- Published
- 2013
19. Coupling ITO3dE model and GIS for spatiotemporal evolution analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution risks in Chongqing in China
- Author
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Kang-wen Zhu, Zhi-min Yang, Lei Huang, Yu-cheng Chen, Sheng Zhang, Hai-ling Xiong, Sheng Wu, and Bo Lei
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract To determine the risk state distribution, risk level, and risk evolution situation of agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPS), we built an ‘Input-Translate-Output’ three-dimensional evaluation (ITO3dE) model that involved 12 factors under the support of GIS and analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of AGNPS risks from 2005 to 2015 in Chongqing by using GIS space matrix, kernel density analysis, and Getis-Ord Gi* analysis. Land use changes during the 10 years had a certain influence on the AGNPS risk. The risk values in 2005, 2010, and 2015 were in the ranges of 0.40–2.28, 0.41–2.57, and 0.41–2.28, respectively, with the main distribution regions being the western regions of Chongqing (Dazu, Jiangjin, etc.) and other counties such as Dianjiang, Liangping, Kaizhou, Wanzhou, and Zhongxian. The spatiotemporal transition matrix could well exhibit the risk transition situation, and the risks generally showed no changes over time. The proportions of ‘no-risk no-change’, ‘low-risk no-change’, and ‘medium-risk no-change’ were 10.86%, 33.42%, and 17.25%, respectively, accounting for 61.53% of the coverage area of Chongqing. The proportions of risk increase, risk decline, and risk fluctuation were 13.45%, 17.66%, and 7.36%, respectively. Kernel density analysis was suitable to explore high-risk gathering areas. The peak values of kernel density in the three periods were around 1110, suggesting that the maximum gathering degree of medium-risk pattern spots basically showed no changes, but the spatial positions of high-risk gathering areas somehow changed. Getis-Ord Gi* analysis was suitable to explore the relationships between hot and cold spots. Counties with high pollution risks were Yongchuan, Shapingba, Dianjiang, Liangping, northwestern Fengdu, and Zhongxian, while counties with low risks were Chengkou, Wuxi, Wushan, Pengshui, and Rongchang. High-value hot spot zones gradually dominated in the northeast of Chongqing, while low-value cold spot zones gradually dominated in the Midwest. Our results provide a scientific base for the development of strategies to prevent and control AGNPS in Chongqing.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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20. [Photocatalytic removing of a mustard gas analogue 2-CEES vapor over SO4(2-)/TiO2]
- Author
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Shi-tong, Han, Hai-ling, Xi, Xu-xu, Wang, and Xian-zhi, Fu
- Subjects
Titanium ,Air Pollutants ,Photochemistry ,Air Pollution ,Mustard Gas ,Sulfur Dioxide ,Chemical Warfare Agents ,Sulfuric Acids ,Catalysis - Abstract
Disinfection with photocatalysis, compared to with the conventional cleanout, is both high efficient and non contaminative, but the simple TiO2 photocatalyst is showing to be of low activity and low active stability so to be hardly practical application. In the paper, SO4(2-)/TiO2 were papered by surface modification of TiO2 with dilute H2SO4, and the photocatalytic degradation of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) on the samples was examined in a fixed-bed microreactor. The examination show that the acidic modification enhanced both the activity and the active stability of TiO2, and the sample ST200 prepared by calcination at 200 degrees C was better than ST400 by calcination at 400 degrees C. The effect of water vapor content and reaction temperature on the photocatalytic degradation of 2-CEES was also tested, showing that the sample ST200 had high activity and stability at 90 degrees C, and kept a constant activity when adding 30.5 mL/L water vapor into the reactive system in which 2-CEES initial concentration was low to61 microL x L(-1). In addition, it was found that supporting SO4(2-)/TiO2 on gamma-Al2O3, SiO2 and active carbon could improve on the activity and stability of SO4(2-)/TiO2, and on supports SiO2 is the best one.
- Published
- 2005
21. Reaction Products and Process of 2-Chloroethyl Ethyl Sulfide in Microemulsion Media
- Author
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Mei-Ling, Lei, primary, Hai-Ling, Xi, additional, Ming, Shen, additional, Ling, Yuan, additional, and Shi-Tong, Han, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. 2,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylperhydro-2,3,4a,6,7a-pentaazacyclopenta[cd]indene-1,4-dione
- Author
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Hai-Ling Xi, Yi-Tao Li, Meng Gao, and Liping Cao
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Cyclohexane conformation ,Glycoluril ,Imidazole ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,Meth ,Indene ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Ring (chemistry) ,Medicinal chemistry ,Triazine - Abstract
The molecule of the title compound, C11H19N5O4, contains three fused rings, namely two nearly planar imidazole rings and one non-planar triazine ring. The latter ring displays a chair conformation. Two hydroxylmethylene groups are linked to two N atoms from separate rings of the glycoluril system.
- Published
- 2006
23. 1-Picolinoyl-3-[(2-pyridyl)(2,2,2-trifluoroacetamido)methyl]urea
- Author
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Hai-Ling Xi, Meng Gao, Yu-Zhou Wang, Zhi-Guo Wang, and Liping Cao
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Hydrogen bond ,Polymer chemistry ,Urea ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,Meth ,Crystal structure ,Condensed Matter Physics - Abstract
The title compound, C15H12F3N5O3, is a by-product isolated from the preparation of di-2-pyridiylglycoluril. The molecule contains two classical intramolecular N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and its crystal structure is stabilized mostly by intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
- Published
- 2006
24. Identification of certain chemical agents in complex organic solutions by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
- Author
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Mei‐ling, Lei, primary, Hai‐ling, Xi, additional, Da‐nian, Xu, additional, and Zhi‐sheng, Chen, additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. N,N′-[Methylenedi(3,5-dimethyl-o-phenylene)]diphthalimide
- Author
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Jianming Zhang, Hai-Ling Xi, and Yi-Tao Li
- Subjects
Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Hydrogen bond ,General Chemistry ,Crystal structure ,Dihedral angle ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Ring (chemistry) ,Phthalimide ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,Phenylene ,General Materials Science ,Physics::Chemical Physics ,Isoindole ,Benzene - Abstract
In the structure of the title compound, C33H26N2O4, two phthalimide units are symmetrically linked by a bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)methane bridge. The methylene C atom of this bridge lies on a twofold rotation axis. The dihedral angle between the planes of the two central benzene rings is 61.4 (4)°. The terminal isoindole group is approximately planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of atoms from the mean plane of 0.012 A and a dihedral angle of 75.3 (14)° with the attached benzene ring. An extensive network of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds stabilizes the crystal structure.
- Published
- 2007
26. Diethylcis-4,8-dioxo-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-1H,5H-2,6-dioxa-3a,4a,7a,8a-tetraazacyclopenta[def]fluorene-8b,8c-dicarboxylate
- Author
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Hai-Ling Xi and Nengfang She
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrogen bond ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Atom ,Glycoluril ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,Crystal structure ,Fluorene ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Derivative (chemistry) ,Methyl group - Abstract
The title compound, C14H18N4O8, is a glycoluril derivative, composed of two five-membered rings in envelope conformations and two six-membered rings in chair conformations. In the crystal structure, intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a three-dimensional network. One methyl group and the H atoms on the adjacent C atom are disordered over two positions; the site-occupancy factors are ca 0.62 and 0.38.
- Published
- 2007
27. Output risk evolution analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution under different scenarios based on multi-model
- Author
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Kang-Wen Zhu, Yu-Cheng Chen, Sheng Zhang, Zhi-Min Yang, Lei Huang, Lei Li, Bo Lei, Zhong-Bo Zhou, Hai-Ling Xiong, Xi-Xi Li, Yue-Chen Li, and Shahidul Islam
- Subjects
CLUE-S model ,Markov model ,SWAT model ,GIS ,Output coefficient ,Agricultural non-point source pollution ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
The Fuling District is located in central Chongqing, China, and characterized by a high ecological status, a high ecological risk, a high agricultural proportion in economy, and a high agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPS) risk, and represents the ecological security barrier of the Yangtze River and the Three Gorges Reservoir area. To analyze the output risk response of AGNPS under different land use scenarios in the future, we combined the advantages of various models and techniques such as the CLUE-S model, the Markov model, the SWAT model, and GIS technology and selected 12 driving factors for land use changes as well as one limiting factor of the ecological protection redline based on land use data of the Fuling District in 2009 and 2017, with the aim to perform an output risk probability evolution analysis of regional AGNPS. The three scenarios were natural development (ND), ecological priority (EP), and agricultural development (AD). The results were as follows: (1) from 2009 to 2017, land use change mainly consisted of the conversion from paddy field and dry land into construction land, accounting for 41.25% of the total area increase in construction land in 2017; (2) the simulation results of land use changes in Fuling District by combination of the CLUE-S model and the Markov model showed a high consistency; (3) from 2009 to 2017, the numbers of sub-basins where the TN risk level declined, remained unchanged, and increased were 36, 425, and 9, respectively, while in terms of the TP risk levels, the numbers were 16, 443, and 11, respectively; (4) under the three development scenarios of ND, EP, and AD, paddy field, dry land, forest land, and construction land were the main types of land use conversion; (5) the output risk levels of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) both presented a declining trend at present and in the future, and the number of sub-basins where the risk level declined was highest under the EP scenario; (6) under the ND scenario, adjustments of ±5% or ±10% on the output coefficients of TN and TP could lead to an obvious response of the output risk probability level of sub-basins. Therefore, the sub-basins that were the most sensitive to changes in land use or output coefficients deserve considerable attention. Our results also indicate that the output risk levels of sub-basins and regional TN and TP could be reduced through land use optimization or fertilizer control, thereby minimizing regional AGNPS.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Identification and prevention of agricultural non-point source pollution risk based on the minimum cumulative resistance model
- Author
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Kang-wen Zhu, Yu-cheng Chen, Sheng Zhang, Zhi-min Yang, Lei Huang, Bo Lei, Lei Li, Zhong-bo Zhou, Hai-ling Xiong, and Xi-xi Li
- Subjects
Minimum cumulative resistance model ,Landscape optimization ,Resistance surface ,Water level fluctuation zone ,Agricultural non-point source pollution risk ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPS) risk prevention and control is more conducive to reducing costs than post-treatment. Therefore, how to effectively identify risks is a key problem to be solved. The study area is located in the NANTUO small watershed of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China, on the side of the Yangtze River, where agriculture is developed with many kinds of plantings. There is a water level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) with seasonal elevation difference up to 30 m due to the water level regulation of the Three Gorges reservoir, which is a hot area of AGNPS research. On the basis of daily water level observation in NANTUO small watershed, based on the theory of “source” and “sink”, this study explored the land use change in different seasons with the help of high-resolution remote sensing image (According to the change of water level, it can be divided into two periods: non-submergence period (low water level period from the beginning of June to the end of September) and submergence period (high water level period at other time)). With the help of “source” identification (Types of land use that produce pollutants) and resistance surface calculation index system (Minimum cumulative resistance model, MCR model), the risk level and risk transmission path (The easiest path for pollutants to move to water) of AGNPS in WLFZ were analyzed. Combined with the idea of ecological corridor construction and pollution control, the risk change of regional AGNPS under the optimization of land use mode (The cultivated land types within 50 m and 100 m (Landscape optimization zone) around the water area are adjusted to forest land respectively in two scenarios (Q1 and Q2)) was analyzed as well. Based on our results, 1) the difference in the water areas between the non-submergence and submergence periods was 3.79 km2, and the areas of grassland, farmland, and forest land in the non-submergence period increased by 0.62, 0.85, and 0.35 km2, respectively. The “source” land in this region was mainly sloping farmland with slope above 6°. 2) The calculation results of the minimum cumulative resistance base surface for each source land showed the characteristics of “high values in the west and dispersedly distributed, low values in the east and continuously distributed”. 3) The distribution of the resistance surface during the non-submergence and submergence periods was basically the same; the high-risk zones were widely distributed throughout the region, while the low-risk zones were mainly distributed in the eastern mountains. 4) The number of risk transmission paths followed the order of a4 (farmland with slopes between 6° and 15°) > a5 (farmland with slopes between 2° and 6°) > a1 (rural settlements) > a3 (farmland with slopes between 15° and 25°) > a6 (farmland with slopes ≤ 2°) > a2 (farmland with slopes above 25°), and about 90% of the risk transmission paths were distributed in the lower levels (i.e., level 1, level 2, level 3). The proportion of risk transmission paths in the lower levels during the submergence period was higher than that during the non-submergence period. 5) The proportions of high risk, relatively high risk, medium risk, low risk, and no risk in the study area varied respectively following the rules of 72.79%→70.07%→66.56%, 16.85%→18.16%→18.3%, 6.24%→7.21%→9.3%, 2.25%→2.36%→3.32%, and 1.87%→2.2%→2.52% under the intact status of non-submergence period (Q0), Q1 scenario, and Q2 scenario. 6)The maximum values of pollution transmission path resistance of “source” land under the intact status of non-submergence period (Q0), Q1 scenario, and Q2 scenario followed the order of Q0
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The R(8) Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Synthon in Two Novel Glycoluril Derivatives.
- Author
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Li-Ping Cao, Xiang-Gao Meng, Jiao-Yang Ding, Hai-Ling Xi, and An-Xin Wu
- Subjects
HYDROGEN bonding ,PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry ,DIHYDROGEN bonding ,X-ray diffraction ,RADIATION - Abstract
Two new glycoluril derivatives, namely 6-phenyl-1,4-dioxo-2,2a,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-1H,5H-2,3,4a,6,7a-pentaazacyclopenta[cd]indene-2a,7b-dicarboxylate ( 1), and diethyl 6-(2,4-dichorophenyl)-1,4-dioxo-2,2a,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-1H,5H-2,3,4a,6,7a-pentaazacyclopenta[cd]indene-2a,7b-dicarboxylate ( 2) have been synthesized and structurally determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 is, monoclinic, space group C2/ c, with a = 20.0784(7), b = 9.0316(3), c = 23.0980(8) Å, β = 98.3930(10), V = 4143.7(2) Å, with Z = 8 for d = 1.338 Mg/m. The analog 2 is, Triclinic, space group P- 1, with a = 8.9353(18), b = 10.466(2), c = 14.679(3) Å, β = 73.60(3), V = 1268.1(4) Å, with Z = 2 for d = 1.533 Mg/m. X-ray analysis reveals that both glycoluril derivatives bearing two free syn-urea NH groups and two ureidyl C=O, assemble the same one-dimensional chains in the solid-state running parallel to the [110], [-] and [010] directions via N-H···O hydrogen bonds. Graphical Abstract: Two new glycoluril derivatives, namely 6-phenyl-1,4-dioxo-2,2a,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-1H,5H-2,3,4a,6,7a-pentaazacyclopenta[cd]indene-2a,7b-dicarboxylate ( 1), and diethyl 6-(2,4-dichorophenyl)-1,4-dioxo-2,2a,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-1H,5H-2,3,4a,6,7a-pentaazacyclopenta[cd]indene-2a,7b-dicarboxylate ( 2), both bearing two free syn-urea NH groups and two ureidyl C=O, assemble the same one-dimensional chains in the solid-state running parallel to the [110], [-] and [010] directions via R(8) N-H···O hydrogen bonds.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Decontamination of VX Surrogate Malathion by Atmospheric Pressure Radio-frequency Plasma Jet.
- Author
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Wen-Chao Zhu, Bai-Rong Wang, Hai-Ling Xi, and Yi-Kang Pu
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC pressure ,SPECTROMETERS ,SPECTRUM analysis ,GAS chromatography ,MALATHION - Abstract
Decontamination of the VX surrogate (malathion) by the atmospheric pressure radio-frequency plasma jet (APPJ) was investigated. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to identify the active species and measure the neutral gas temperature. The effects of RF input power and exposing time on the decontamination efficiency and neutral gas temperature were investigated. The thermal effect and volatilization could be ignored from the APPJ decontamination mechanism in our processing conditions. The degradation products were identified by gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometers (GC–MS). Besides the trace amount of the oxidation product (malaxon), the main degradation products were formed by breaking the S–C bond of malathion. In the end, the main degradation mechanism was drawn out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. N, N′-[Methylenedi(3,5-dimethyl- o-phenylene)]diphthalimide.
- Author
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Hai-Ling Xi, Jian-Ming Zhang, and Yi-Tao Li
- Subjects
- *
BENZENE , *ORGANIC compounds , *CHEMICAL structure , *CRYSTALLIZATION , *ORGANIC chemistry , *CHEMISTRY - Abstract
In the structure of the title compound, C33H26N2O4, two phthalimide units are symmetrically linked by a bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)methane bridge. The methylene C atom of this bridge lies on a twofold rotation axis. The dihedral angle between the planes of the two central benzene rings is 61.4 (4)°. The terminal isoindole group is approximately planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of atoms from the mean plane of 0.012 Å and a dihedral angle of 75.3 (14)° with the attached benzene ring. An extensive network of C—H...O hydrogen bonds stabilizes the crystal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Diethyl cis-4,8-dioxo-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-1 H,5 H-2,6-dioxa-3a,4a,7a,8a-tetraazacyclopenta[ def]fluorene-8b,8c-dicarboxylate.
- Author
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Neng-Fang She and Hai-Ling Xi
- Subjects
- *
CARBON compounds , *FLUORENE , *HYDROGEN bonding , *ATOMS , *RING formation (Chemistry) - Abstract
The title compound, C14H18N4O8, is a glycoluril derivative, composed of two five-membered rings in envelope conformations and two six-membered rings in chair conformations. In the crystal structure, intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a three-dimensional network. One methyl group and the H atoms on the adjacent C atom are disordered over two positions; the site-occupancy factors are ca 0.62 and 0.38. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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