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The semi-heterogeneous g-C3N4/NaI dual catalytic system driven C–C bond formation between quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and arylhydrazines under blue light irradiation is reported for the first time.

LncRNAs exert comprehensive effects in regulating the initiation and deterioration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the specific expression profiles and functional mechanisms of LINC00536 in HCC need to be disclosed. The study is intended to clarify the leverage of LINC00536 in HCC and investigate the potential mechanisms for the regulatory role of LINC00536 in the progression of HCC. In our study, LINC00536 was overexpressed in tumor samples of HCC patients and was related to poor prognosis. LINC00536 knockdown impaired cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion. LINC00536 can directly bind with miR-203b-5p, trimming the miR-203b-5p expression levels. VEGFA designates as a target of miR-203b-5p. Rescue research indicated that the miR-203b-5p inhibition or VEGFA overexpression could reverse the impaired cell phenotypes induced by LINC00536 knockdown. The in vivo experiments upheld the LINC00536/miR-203b-5p/VEGFA axis in HCC. Conclusively, LINC00536 could promote HCC deterioration via tuning the miR-203b-5p/VEGFA axis. This research may provide theoretical evidence for LINC00536 to get a gratifying therapeutic target for HCC.

MXenes show extremely competitive potential applications in electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their excellent specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, and compositional tunability. However, limited interlayer spacing and undesired surface functional group on MXene surface impede the Li-ions accessibility and mobility. Herein, the structural, electronic, mechanical and electrochemical properties of the representative Nb2C MXene with surface chalcogenation and halogenation resulting in the formation of Nb2CT2 ([Formula: see text], S, Se, Cl and Br) materials as anodes for LIBs were investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The results reveal that Nb2CT2 can exhibit metallic conductivity with improved mechanical strength, which renders the enhanced rate performance and endures the repeated lattice expansion and contraction during charge/discharge process, respectively. In particular, Nb2CS2 and Nb2CCl2 render the enhanced Li-ion storage and mobility with a theoretical Li storage capacity of 613.76 mA[Formula: see text]h/g and 597.79 mA[Formula: see text]h/g and diffusion energy barrier of 0.275 eV and 0.294 eV, respectively. Moreover, chalcogenation and halogenation yield the expanded interlayer spacing, which improve the Li-ions accessibility in Nb2CT2. The results demonstrate that sulfurized and chlorinated Nb2C MXenes are the promising anode materials with high capacity, low diffusion barrier and lower open circuit voltage for next-generation LIBs.

The first example of the electrocatalytic multicomponent synthesis of 4-chloro/bromo/iodopyrazoles from hydrazines, acetylacetones and sodium halides under chemical oxidant- and external electrolyte-free conditions has been developed. Sodium halides played a dual role as a halogenation reagent and a supporting electrolyte. Mechanism studies revealed that the bromination reaction proceeded

A series of Bi2Se3@C were prepared through a bismuth metal organic framework (CAU-17) assisted hydrothermal selenization method followed by carbonization, which have been found to be useful as electrode materials for supercapacitor application. Bi2Se3@C was obtained under 500 oC shows an excellent specific capacity of 565.9 C•g-1 at a current density of 1 A•g-1. Futhermore, The performance of Bi2Se3@C in symmetrical supercapacitors (SSCs) are also systemically investigated, the SSC device achieves the maximum energy density of 39.3 Wh•Kg-1 at the power density of 639.9 W•Kg-1 and maintains 90.5% of this capacity over 1000 cycles.

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic parasite which is considered to be an opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals. A number of studies have reported E. bieneusi infection in various animals. However, no information is available on the occurrence of E. bieneusi in Tan sheep, a unique indigenous sheep species in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. The objectives of the present study were to examine the prevalence and identify the genotypes of E. bieneusi in Tan sheep in China. A total of 1014 fecal specimens of Tan sheep from six farms in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were examined by nested PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The total prevalence of E. bieneusi was 12.2% (124/1014), ranging from 0.5 to 22.2% on six farms. Sequence analysis identified 10 genotypes of E. bieneusi, including three known genotypes, BEB6, COS-I, and CHG13, and seven novel genotypes designated as NX1 to NX7, which all belonged to group 2 by phylogenetic analysis. This is the first report describing the prevalence of E. bieneusi in Tan sheep, and the new genotypes identified in the current study expand the genotype distribution of E. bieneusi. These findings provide baseline data and have implications for the epidemiology and control of E. bieneusi infection in Tan sheep.

The objective of the present study was to determine the characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in cats, rats, and chickens in the border areas of Yunnan Province. A total of 259 samples was collected from 10 border areas in Yunnan Province including 94 cats, 58 rats, and 107 chickens. Samples were screened by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and the positive products were analyzed by multilocus PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to determine the genotypes. Toxoplasma gondii deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected from 15.96% of 94 cats, 15.52% of 58 rats, and 6.54% of 107 chickens, respectively, and the average infection rate is 11.97%. Using the multilocus PCR-RFLP, we found that the genotype of T. gondii in cats and rats was ToxoDB#9. Because of low DNA concentration, no genotype was determined from chickens. These results fill the gaps of knowledge in the prevalence and genotype of T. gondii in the border areas of Yunnan Province and have implications for the better control of T. gondii infection in humans and animals.

Motivated by the recent advances in stanene based devices for potential application such as superior gas sensors and electronic devices, we systematically investigated the structural configurations, adsorption energies and charge transfer of organic molecules (OM) on stanene sensors using first-principles calculations. The results show that aniline (C6H7N) and chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl) act as charge acceptors and are chemisorbed on stanene with sizable adsorption energies for the most stable OM/stanene systems. In particular, C6H7N/stanene and C6H5Cl/stanene systems can open the band gaps with 114.3 and 5.0 meV, respectively. Moreover, adsorption energies, charge transfer and band gaps of OM/stanene systems under external electric field can change dramatically, which indicates that external factors on stanene are highly preferred. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the application of stanene in highly sensitive sensor devices.

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a fungus-like protist parasite that can cause diarrhea and enteric diseases. The infection of E. bieneusi has been reported in many host species, including cattle and humans. However, information on prevalence and genotype distribution of E. bieneusi in dairy cattle in Yunnan province in China is still absent. In this study, 490 Holstein Cows and 351 dairy buffalo fecal samples were collected from three regions in Yunnan province, China. By using nest-PCR that targets the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), we found that the prevalence of E. bieneusi was 0.59% (5/841). DNA sequence analysis showed that five E. bieneusi genotypes were identified in this study, including two novel genotypes, YNDCEB-90 and YNDCEB-174, and three known genotypes (I, J, BEB4). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two novel genotypes, YNDCEB-90 and YNDCEB-174, were clustered into Group 1, representing the zoonotic potential. The remaining genotypes I, J, and BEB4, which are the most frequent genotypes of E. bieneusi infection in cattle and lead to E. bieneusi infection in humans, belonged to Group 2. Although the lower prevalence of E. bieneusi was detected in dairy cattle in Yunnan province, it indicates that dairy cattle should be considered to be one of the potential hosts for transmitting E. bieneusi to humans. These findings are important for the development of effective prevention strategies for microsporidiosis.

Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis are important opportunistic enteric zoonotic pathogens that cause diarrhoea and intestinal diseases in animals and humans. China is the largest producer of pigs, but whether Tibetan pigs, a unique pig breed in Tibet, are infected with E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis is unknown. Therefore, we conducted a molecular epidemiological survey to determine the prevalence of E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis in Tibetan pigs in Tibet, China, and identified the genotypes of these causative agents. A total of 345 faecal specimens were collected from Tibetan pigs from three Tibet counties (Milin, Cuona and Gongbujiangda), examined by nested PCR and sequenced utilizing genetic markers in the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene for E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis, respectively. Moreover, using multilocus sequence typing, the subtypes of E. bieneusi were identified based on four loci (MS1, MS3, MS4 and MS7). A total of 41 (11.88%) faecal samples from Tibetan pigs were E. bieneusi-positive, and 2 (0.58%) were G. duodenalis-positive. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age was considered a risk factor for Tibetan pig infection of E. bieneusi. Two novel (GB11, GB31) and four known E. bieneusi genotypes (EbpC, EbpD, PigEBITS5 and CHS12) were identified and were all classified as zoonotic group 1 according to the phylogenetic analysis. Two MLGs (MLGI and MLGII) were further identified in the E. bieneusi EbpC genotype by multilocus sequence typing analysis. In addition, two G. duodenalis assemblages (D and E) were found in the present study. To our knowledge, the current study is the first to detect the prevalence and perform genetic characterization of G. duodenalis in Tibetan pigs in Tibet, China. The results could provide essential data for controlling E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis infections in Tibetan pigs that are in contact with other animals and humans, as Tibetan pigs could be a potential source for human infection by these pathogens.

Through density-functional theory calculations, we investigated the half-metallic properties of semichlorinated gallium nitride (Cl–GaN) nanosheets (NSs) under an electric field F . The results show that the electric field can modulate Cl–GaN NSs efficiently from ferromagnetic metals to half-metals. More interestingly, under a broad range of electric field intensity (−0.10~−1.30 V/A), Cl–GaN NSs have the excellently half-metallic properties with the band gaps (3.71–0.96 eV) and maximal half-metallic gaps with 0.30 eV in spin-up states and metallic behaviors in spin-down states. Moreover, the total magnetic moment decreases (increases) depending on the negative (positive) F , mainly induced by the unpaired N atoms. Our studies demonstrate that the electronic and magnetic properties of GaN NSs can be delicately tuned by the combined surface modification and electric field, indicating the potential of GaN NSs for developing high-performance spintronic nanodevices.

Giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal protozoa, which can cause the occurrence of diarrhea, weight loss, and even death in animals or human, this threatens the husbandry industry and public health. It can infect virtually humans and all domestic animals including sheep. Tan sheep is one of the most important sheep breeds, which is short-tailed indigenous sheep breed used for production of high quality meat and pelts in China. However, there are no report regarding the occurrence and multilocus genotyping of G. duodenalis in Tan sheep in northwestern China. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and multilocus genotypes of G. duodenalis in Tan sheep. 1014 fecal samples were collected from Tan sheep from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and three loci (β-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes) were amplified by nested PCR. The prevalence of G. duodenalis in Tan sheep was 14.5% (147/1014), two assemblages (assemblage A, n = 43; and E, n = 90) were detected, including one novel assemblage A at bg locus, one novel assemblage A at tpi locus, and 10 and 11 novel subtypes of assemblage E were detected at the bg and gdh loci, respectively. One MLGs was formed based on sequence variation among the three loci. Moreover, 9 Tan sheep were infected with two assemblages (A and E) based on the three loci. These findings expand the host range of G. duodenalis and revealed genetic diversity of G. duodenalis assemblages in Tan sheep.

Herein, the spin-forbidden cooling of a gallium hydride molecule is investigated using ab initio quantum chemistry. The cooling transition and the corresponding potential energy curves including , a3Π0−, a3Π0+, a3Π1, a3Π2, A1Π1, , 13Σ+1, , , and 23Σ+1 states are simulated based on the multi-reference configuration interaction approach plus Davidson corrections method. By solving the nuclear Schrodinger equation, we calculate the spectroscopic constants of these states, which are in good agreement with the available experimental values. Based on the transition data, there seems to be a theoretical puzzle: highly diagonally distributed Franck–Condon factor f00 for transitions , , and for the gallium hydride molecule but the intervening state A1Π1 for transition is prohibitive to laser cooling. In addition, the transition does not have a suitable rate of optical cycling owing to a large radiative lifetime for state. Our theoretical simulation indicates the solution to the puzzle: the transition has a high emission rate, and there is a suitable radiative lifetime for a3Π1 state, which can ensure rapid and efficient laser cooling of gallium hydride. The proposed laser drives transition by using three wavelengths (main pump laser λ00; two repumping lasers λ10 and λ21). These results demonstrate the possibility of laser-cooling the gallium hydride molecule, and a sub-microkelvin cool temperature can be reached for this molecule.

Some simple structure of maximally four-qubit state is presented. Using stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC) invariants, it is can be shown those simple structure of maximally four-qubit state is SLOCC equivalent to four-qubit \c{hi} state.

The effects of intertube additional atoms on the sliding behaviors of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) are investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. The interaction between carbon atoms is modeled using the second-generation reactive empirical bond-order potential coupled with the Lennard—Jones potential. The simulations indicate that intertube additional atoms of DWCNT can significantly enhance the load transfer between neighboring tubes of DWCNT. The improvement in load transfer is guaranteed by the addition of intertube atoms which are covalently bonded to the inner and outer tubes of DWCNT. The results also show that the sliding behaviors of DWCNT are strongly dependent of additional atom numbers. The results presented here demonstrate that the superior mechanical properties of DWCNT can be realized by controlling intertube coupling. The general conclusions derived from this work may be of importance in devising high-performance CNT composites.

A scheme for controlled quantum state swapping is presented using maximally entangled five-qubit state, i.e., Alice wants to transmit an entangled state of particle a to Bob and at the same time Bob wants to transmit an entangled state of particle b to Alice via the control of the supervisor Charlie. The operations used in this swapping process including C-not operation and a series of single-qubit measurements performed by Alice, Bob, and Charlie.

Paolo Facchi, et al. [Phys. Rev. A 77 (2008) 060304(R)] presented a maximally multipartite entangled state (MMES). Here, we give a criterion for the identification of maximally entangled four-qubit states. Using this criterion, we not only identify some existing maximally entangled four-qubit states in the literature, but also find several new maximally entangled four-qubit states as well.

The effects of nickel coating on the torsional behaviors of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) subject to torsion motion are investigated using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. The simulation results show that regardless of chirality, defect or radius, nickel coating can considerably enhance the critical torque of SWCNTs. However, by comparing the critical torsion angle between nickel-coated SWCNTs and corresponding pristine SWCNTs, it is found that nickel coating in small-radius nanotubes does induce a reduction in the critical torsion angle. The results also show that the structural failure of nickel coated imperfect (9,0) SWCNT occurs at an obviously higher critical torque in comparison with uncoated (9,0) SWCNT with a vacancy defect. Furthermore, we also find that the critical torque of a short nickel coated SWCNT is bigger than that of a long one, while the critical torsion angle for a short tube is smaller than that for a long one.

The effects of intertube spacing, tube length and wall numbers on the sliding behaviors of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. The interaction between carbon atoms is modeled using the second-generation reactive empirical bond-order potential coupled with the Lennard-Jones potential. The simulations indicate that, regardless of tube length and wall numbers, small intertube spacing of MWCNT can provides an effective channel for load transfer between tubes, and permits mechanical participation of walls. The results also show that the sliding behaviors of MWCNT are strongly dependent of tube length and wall numbers, especially MWCNT with small intertube spacing. It is observed that small intertube spacing of triple-walled carbon nanotube (TWCNT) result in the formation of intertube sp3 bonds during pullout process. The general conclusions derived from this work may be of importance in devising high-performance carbon nanotube (CNT) composites.

We introduce a concept of local unitary (LU) transformation invariant operators which permits us to easily obtain arbitrary multi-qubit states LU transformation invariant. The general relation between the LU transformation invariant and perfect quantum teleportation is examined. The optimal match of measurement basis is given.

Recently Paolo Facchi et al.15 presented a maximally multipartite entangled state (MMES). It is shown that some of these states can be utilized for perfect teleportation of arbitrary two-qubit systems and controlled teleportation of an arbitrary one-qubit state. Furthermore, the optimal match measuring basis are given by transformation operator for controlled teleportation.

By a transformation operator, we find that the transformation operator is not related to the unknown N-particle state. Here, we propose a multi-scheme for the teleportation of an arbitrary and unknown N-particle state by using the method of transformation operator. The proper transformation operator depends on the quantum channel and the measurement basis. The theoretical explanations of some quantum channels are given by transformation operators. Furthermore, we give the analysis for teleporting an arbitrary and unknown N-particle state.

We report molecular dynamics studies of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as a bandage to connect separated SWCNTs for getting structures of random length. The mechanical properties of the connected SWCNT strands with different joint length under axial loads are investigated using the classical molecular dynamics simulations method. The interaction between atoms is modeled using the second-generation of reactive empirical bond-order (REBO) potential coupled with the Lennard–Jones (L–J) potential. The mechanical properties, such as Young's modulus, tensile strength, critical buckling strains and critical buckling loads are determined and presented for SWCNT and connected SWCNT strands. The results indicates that the joints made in this way have relatively high mechanical properties corresponding to that of the ideal SWCNTs.

Two forms of the three-qubit pure state for teleporting an unknown one-particle entangled state are presented, where the successful possibilities and fidelities of the two schemes both reach one unit. It is worthwhile noticing that GHZ states and W-states are special cases of those two forms of a perfect quantum channel. Furthermore, the orthogonal complete measurement bases are given.

We discuss the generation and evolution of a macroscopic entanglement light with a subthreshold non-degenerate parametric oscillator, coupled to a vacuum reservoir. The four-level atoms driven by two classical fields interact with the parametric oscillator. The master equation for the cavity modes of the scheme is derived and analyzed, the entanglement properties of the two-mode light generated by this scheme inside and outside the cavity is studied. We show that the light produced by this system is strongly entangled with time evolution inside and outside a cavity.

Recently Wei-Bo Gao et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (2010) 020501]; reported on the creation of a 4-photon 6-qubit cluster state. It is shown this states can be utilized for perfect teleportation of arbitrary three qubit systems and controlled teleportation of an arbitrary two-qubit state. Therefore, the six-qubit cluster state as quantum channels is equivalent to that of maximally six-qubit entangled state.

The effects of amorphous lamella on the crack propagation behavior in crystalline/amorphous (C/A) Mg/Mg–Al nanocomposites under tensile loading are investigated using the molecular dynamics simulation method. The sample with an initial crack of orientation [0001] is considered here. For the nano-monocrystal Mg, the crack growth exhibits brittle cleavage. However, for the C/A Mg/Mg–Al nanocomposites, the 'double hump' behavior can be observed in all the stress–strain curves regardless of the amorphous lamella thickness. The results indicate that the amorphous lamella plays a critical role in the crack deformation, and it can effectively resist the crack propagation. The above mentioned crack deformation behaviors are also disclosed and analyzed in the present work. The results here provide a strategy for designing the high-performance hexagonal-close-packed metal and alloy materials.

In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. A 76, 032304(2007)], Li et al. proposed the definition of the residual entanglement for n qubits by means of the Stochastic local operations and classical communication. Here we argue that their definition is not suitable for the case of odd-n qubits., Comment: 3 pages, submitted to PRA

The effect of tilt interfaces and layer thickness of Cu/Ni multilayer nanowires on the deformation mechanism are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate that the plasticity of the sample with a 45° tilt angle is much better than the others. The yield stress is found to decrease with increasing the tilt angle and it reaches its lowest value at 33°. Then as the tilt angle continues to increase, the yield strength increases. Furthermore, the studies show that with the decrease of layer thickness, the yield strength gradually decreases. The study also reveals that these different deformation behaviors are associated with the glide of dislocation.

The effects of a twin boundary (TB) on the mechanical properties of two types of bicrystal Al thin films during the nanoimprint process are investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate that for the TB direction parallel to the imprinting direction, the yield stress reaches the maximum for the initial dislocation nucleation when the mould directly imprints to the TB, and the yield stress first decreases with the increase of the marker interval and then increases. However, for the TB direction perpendicular to the imprinting direction, the effect of the TB location to the imprinting forces is very small, and the yield stress is greater than that with the TB direction parallel to the imprinting direction. The results also demonstrate that the direction of the slip dislocations and the deformation of the thin film caused by spring-back are different due to various positions and directions of the TB.

The effects of twin spacing and temperature on the deformation behavior of nanotwinned Al under tensile loading are investigated using a molecular dynamic (MD) simulation method. The result shows that the yield strength of nanotwinned Al decreases with the increase of twin spacing, which is related to the repulsive force between twin boundary and the dislocation. The result also shows that there is no strain-hardening at the yield point. On the contrary, the stress is raised by strain hardening in the plastic stage. In addition, we also investigate the effects of stacking fault thickness and temperature on the yield strength of the Al nanowire. The simulation results indicate that the stacking fault may strengthen the Al nanowire when the thickness of the stacking fault is below a critical value.

Contrary to A.Borras et al.'s [1] conjecture, a genuine maximally seven-qubit entangled state is presented. We find a seven-qubit state whose marginal density matrices for subsystems of 1,2- qubits are all completely mixed and for subsystems of 3-qubits is almost completely mixed.

Two schemes for the remote preparation of a four-qubit W state using a six-qubit maximally entangled state as the quantum channel are presented. The success probability of the preparation is calculated for the two cases. It is worth noting that the probability of success is determined by the sender Alice's measurement. If Alice's measurement is appropriate, the remote preparation can be successfully realized with maximum probability.