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This study evaluated the effectiveness of atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment on the surface characteristics and bond strength of zirconia and lithium disilicate ceramics for CAD-on restorations. A total of 70 cylindrical-shaped specimens of lithium disilicate and 70 disc-shaped specimens of Y-TZP zirconia were machined, thermally processed, surface-treated, and then resin-bonded. The specimens were grouped according to the following surface treatments: no surface treatment, sandblasting, plasma, sandblasting followed by plasma, sandblasting followed by universal adhesive, plasma followed by universal adhesive, and sandblasting and plasma treatment followed by universal adhesive. The treated surfaces were subjected to a wettability assessment via contact angle measurement and a topography assessment using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cemented assembly was subjected to shear bond strength testing with a universal testing machine, and the results were imported to SPSS 23.0 for statistical analysis. The results show that APPJ treatment induced a significantly low contact angle for both ceramics with no surface alteration upon scanning. Moreover, APPJ treatment produced a bonded assembly with a shear bond strength comparable to sandblasting. In conclusion, APPJ treatment should be considered an efficient surface treatment with a non-destructive nature that surpasses sandblasting with the provision of a high shear bond strength between CAD-on ceramics.

This in vitro investigation aimed to compare the trueness, precision, internal fit, and marginal adaptation of Varseo Smile Crown Plus (VSCP), CROWNTEC (C), and milled Enamic crowns (E) using a 5-axis dental milling machine (prograMill PM7). 39 crowns (VSCP, E, C; n = 13) were designed and fabricated. Internal/marginal adaptation, precision, and trueness were assessed via die scans with/without a fit checker. Dimensional discrepancies were determined by superimposing the scans. One-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) analyzed the results. No significant differences were found in internal fit or marginal adaptation between groups. However, group E exhibited the best fit (axial: 82.9 µm). Trueness differed significantly (p < 0.05) across all groups and areas. Group E had the highest trueness (intaglio: 25.8 µm), while VSCP had the lowest (marginal: 31.9 µm). Precision varied significantly within the occlusal area of printed groups (highest for C: 17.8 µm) and the marginal area between printed/milled (VSCP vs. E) and C vs. E (lowest for E: 20.5 µm, highest for VSCP: 27.9 µm). In conclusion, both milled and 3D-printed crowns achieved comparable internal fit and marginal adaptation. However, group E displayed superior fit and trueness. While C exhibited higher occlusal precision, E had higher marginal precision. These findings suggest the potential for 3D-printed hybrid polymer crowns, warranting further investigation.

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of William Moulton Marston’s DISC model intervention. Regarding the educational adaptation of adolescents who are Covid-19 patients. The statistical population consisted of adolescents aged 13 to 18 who resided in Naghadeh and had a family member with Covid-19 in 2021. The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental design, with control groups, pre-test, and post-test. The statistical sample size consisted of 40 individuals from the statistical population, 20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. These individuals were randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups using the available sampling procedure. The control group did not receive any treatment, while the experimental group underwent ten 90-minute sessions in accordance with William Moulton Marston’s DISC model. Data was collected using the Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS) in this study. The MANCOVA analysis was employed to analyze the collected data. After the DISC intervention, the experimental group’s mean level of educational adjustment decreased markedly in comparison to the control group (P

Abstract This study on Buddleja polystachya highlights its phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxic impacts. The study emphasizes the plant’s potential to treat ocular diseases by identifying important compounds involved in the bioactivity through GC-MS analysis. This study explores the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of Buddleja polystachya (stem and leaves) extracts, with a focus on their application in treating bacterial ocular infections and their efficacy against MCF7, HT29, and HepG2 cancer cells. Through comprehensive GC-MS analysis, a diverse array of phytochemicals was identified within Buddleja polystachya stem and leaves extracts, including carbohydrates, phenolic derivatives, fatty acids, and steroidal components. The extracts were then evaluated for their biological activities, revealing significant antimicrobial properties against a range of bacterial strains implicated in ocular infections. The research findings demonstrate that stem extracts derived from Buddleja polystachya demonstrated high to moderate cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines MCF7, HT29, and HepG2. Notably, these effects were characterized by varying IC50 values, which suggest distinct levels of sensitivity. In contrast, leaf extracts exhibited reduced cytotoxicity when tested against all these cell lines, although they did so with a significantly higher cytotoxicity aganist HepG2 cells. The results of this investigation highlight the potential therapeutic utilization of Buddleja polystachya extracts in the management of ocular infections and cancer. These results support the need for additional research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action of these extracts and explore their potential as drugs.

Abstract Introduction and Objectives Patient‐centred (PC) and holistic care improves patient satisfaction and health outcomes. We sought to investigate the benefit of utilising a PC pathology report in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa). Our study aimed to evaluate and compare patient understanding of their PCa diagnosis after RP, upon receiving either a standard histopathology report or a personalised and PC report (PCR). Moreover, we evaluated knowledge retention at 4 weeks after the initial consultation. Methods We invited patients undergoing RP at three metropolitan Urology clinics to participate in our randomised controlled study. Patients were randomised to receive either a PCR or standard pathology report. Patient satisfaction questionnaires (Perceived Efficacy in Patient–Physician Interactions [PEPPI], Consultation and Relational Empathy [CARE] and Communication Assessment Tool [CAT]) and a knowledge test were conducted within 72 h of the initial appointment and again at 4 weeks. Accurate recollection of Gleason grade group (GGG) and extracapsular extension (ECE) were classified as ‘correct’. Baseline demographic data included age, education, marital and employment status, pre‐op prostate specific antigen (PSA) and clinical stage. Baseline data were tested for differences between groups using the Student's t test, chi‐squared test or Fisher's exact test depending on whether data were continuous, categorical or sparse. Comparison of correctly answered ‘knowledge’ questions was analysed using chi‐squared test. A significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was used. Results Data from 62 patients were analysed (30 standard vs. 32 PCR). No significant differences in baseline demographics were found between groups. Both groups reported high levels of satisfaction with their healthcare experiences in all domains of patient–physician rapport, empathy and communication. There were no significant differences between groups in PEPPI (p = 0.68), CAT (p = 0.39) and CARE (p = 0.66) scores, at baseline and 4 weeks. Ninety‐three per cent of patients who received the PCR understood the report while 90% felt the report added to their understanding of their PCa. Regarding patient knowledge, the PCR group had significantly more correct answers on GGG and ECE as compared with the standard report group at baseline and 4 weeks (p

The existing work is dedicated toward the manufacture of ZA-27/TiC as composites material via powder metallurgy. A mixture of Zn and Al with 63 and 27 wt%, respectively, is ball milled for 4 hrs at 145 rpm. Then, samples with disk-like shapes were made through pressing under 600 MPa and afterward sintered at 336 °C for 90 minutes in an electric furnace in argon gas. Other three groups from the above Zn and Al mixture ratio were prepared but with the addition of 3, 6, and 9 wt% TiC particles independently. The group's samples were prepared at the same conditions above. Hardness, density, and porosity microstructure observations, including optical and SEM-Mapping techniques were utilized to validate the effect of TiC particle additions with the listed above contents on the prepared ZA-27 alloy properties. The practical density of the prepared ZA-27 alloy is decreased basically owing to the used powder metallurgy route and with a lesser degree due to TiC addition. In contrast, the porosity is increased. But the hardness of the ZA-27 alloy is improved when TiC was added, and it was increased from 49.4 to 66 VHN with 0 to 9 wt% TiC addition. The optical microscope and SENM-Mapping facilities explained the distribution of co-existing Zn, Al, and TiC particles in the microstructures of the tested samples to improve the properties of ZA alloy.

A chemical network is numerically represented by a topological index in chemical graph theory. As opposed to its chemical representation, a topological descriptor correlates with specific physical properties of the underlying chemical molecules. In this article, third type of hex-derived networks HDN3(r), THDN3(r), are described. The goal of this study is to develop some updated and closed formulas based on multiplicative graph invariants. Such as ordinary geometric-arithmetic (OGA), general version of harmonic index (GHI), sum connectivity index (SI), general sum connectivity index (GSI), first and second Gourava and hyper-Gourava indices, Shegehalli and Kanabur indices, first generalized version of Zagreb index (GZI), and forgotten index (FI) for the hex-derived HDN3(r), THDN3(r), networks. Moreover, various types of edge for computing have been discovered and analyzed along with the order and size. The calculation of multiplicative topological features in networks that are generated from hexagonal structures is the main task of this work. Gaining more insight into the structural characteristics and possible uses of these networks requires examining the interaction between topological aspects and multiplication processes. To interpret the chemical compounds', physical and biological attributes, we can integrate the analysis of the networks stated above with the chemical compounds and their graphical structures. These results can be utilized to evaluate the biological and physio-chemical activities of compounds.

Controversy surrounds population-based screening for prostate cancer, which has typically relied on PSA level for risk stratification. This commentary examines the recent prospective trial examining the use of biphasic prostate MRI scans as a screening tool for prostate cancer. Using a reliable test, such as MRI prostate, at an earlier point along the diagnostic pathway, the authors provide a novel solution to a difficult problem. Further research is warranted to assess how biphasic MRI might be feasible at a population level.

Background: Metastatic secondary ocular tumors spread from systemic malignancies, including breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of extracts from 5 medicinal plants native to Saudi Arabia. Methods: For preliminary activity screening, cytotoxicity using the MTT assay and selectivity index determinations were made for medicinal plant extracts against various cancer cell-lines. The most promising extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis to determine the phytochemical composition. Clonogenic assays were performed using the most promising extract to confirm the initial results. Finally, western blot analysis was used to determine the modulation in expression of survivin and P27 suppressor genes in the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cell-line to understand the potential mechanistic properties of the active plant extract. Results: The 5 plant extracts showed various cytotoxic activity levels using IC 50 . The most active extract was found to be the leaves of Capparis spinosa L. ( BEP-07 extract) against the MCF7 breast cancer cell-line (IC 50 = 3.61 ± 0.99 μg/ml) and selectivity index of 1.17 compared to the normal human fetal lung fibroblast (MRC5) cells. BEP-07 extract showed a dose dependent clonogenic effect against the MCF7 colonies which was comparable with the effect of doxorubicin. BEP-07 extract caused a significant decrease of survivin and increase in P27 expression compared to control GAPDH at its highest dose (14 µg/ml). The GC-MS chromatogram of Capparis spinosa L. ( BEP-07 extract) revealed the existence of 145 compounds, belonging to the diverse classes of phytoconstituents. Fatty acids and their derivatives represent 15.4%, whilst octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester was the principal component (7.9%) detected. Conclusion: Leaves of Capparis spinosa L. ( BEP-07 extract) exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect particularly against breast cancer cells. It exhibited this effect through survivin inhibition and via P27 upregulation. The detected phytoconstituents in the plant extract might be involved in tested cytotoxic activity, while further investigations are required to complete the drug candidate profile.

Buildings with excellent thermal performance offer numerous benefits, including reduced energy consumption for climatization, minimized environmental impact, and enhanced comfort for occupants. In regions with extreme temperatures, like the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the importance of thermal efficiency is even more pronounced. Therefore, this study evaluates the thermal performance of two 3D printed structures in the UAE by employing experimental and theoretical analyses of their U-values following ISO 9869:1 and a thermal bridge analysis in accordance with ISO 6781. The investigated 3D printed structures utilized different insulation approaches, which led to valuable conclusions. Uninsulated large cavities in 3D printed walls adversely affect their thermal performance. Filling these cavities with insulating materials could reduce the U-value by up to 60%. Similarly, adding a continuous exterior insulative layer improves the U-value while minimizing thermal bridge risk. Thermal bridges were most problematic at the joints between 3D printed sections, embedded structural elements, and around doors or windows. These insights underscore the significance of thermal optimization and advocate for the adoption of 3D printing in construction to achieve energy conservation and environmental responsibility. Implementing the study’s conclusions can potentially drive the development of more energy-efficient 3D printed buildings.

Pesticides are used on a large scale and have become unavoidable in the modern agricultural economy. Tones of them are used on a daily basis for a variety of functions, which are mostly used for agricultural activities. So, what exactly is a pesticide? A pesticide is a chemical substance used to keep undesired plants, animals, and microorganisms from harming humans, animals, and plants. It is a compound or mixture of chemicals designed to repel pests chemically and physically. Pesticides include herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, bactericides, rodenticides, and many others. Using these chemical compounds aids in the battle against pests, allowing us to improve our plants and animals and ensure the safety of the food production process for all people on the globe. However, studies show that abuse and excessive use of pesticides may have serious consequences for human health and the overall ecosystem. Pesticides are used in crops to manage pests, and they leave residues in animal feed. Consequently, as a result of the transportation of agricultural goods and animal products, pesticide misuse can extend hundreds of kilometers beyond the geographical region of usage. The use of pesticides for pest mitigation has become a common practice all around the world. The increase in pesticide use in agriculture has paralleled the increase in the quality and quantity of food products over the years. This article reviews the current evidence on the management of acute pesticide poisoning. Acute poisoning with pesticides is a global public health problem and accounts for as many as 300,000 deaths worldwide every year. Pesticides can impact human health directly through direct exposure to different types of pesticides or indirectly through the use of agricultural products (plants and animal products). The pesticide residues have also been detected in almost all animal products, such as meat, milk, dairy products, and eggs. The aims of this article are to highlight the possibility of pesticide deposition in various animal products and the acceptable range of some common pesticides according to reliable standards.

Abstract Background There is a difference between patient self-assessment and professional assessment of oral health needs; therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate patients’ individual needs and awareness of replacing missing teeth with prostheses and then to compare this information with professionally assessed clinical prosthetic needs in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The study subjects were recruited from Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University in Dammam City, Primary Health Care Centers in Alhasa City and from health education campaigns in the same area. All the patients were provided with a questionnaire related to the effect of missing teeth and replacement options, then underwent a clinical examination performed by a well-trained investigator. Statistical analyses were performed using JMP data analysis software (JMP®, Version 16. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 1989–2021.) Results A total of 102 participants were included. Most of the participants (94.2%) reported their need to replace missing teeth. Most of the participants stated that losing teeth (teeth) affected their ability to chew food and their appearance (82.6% and 61.6%, respectively). Dental caries was the main reason behind teeth extraction in 77.9% of the study sample. Fixed partial prosthesis was the first treatment option preferred by 33.7%, followed by implant-supported prosthesis with 25.6% to replace the missing teeth. Only 3.5% of participants preferred not to restore the missing teeth. Professional screening showed that 48.8% of the participants had one missing anterior tooth or more, which dictates the need for esthetic restoration, and 58.1% of the participants had three missing posterior teeth or more, which dictates the need for functional restoration. Conclusions Patient knowledge and attitudes toward replacing missing teeth in terms of their functional and esthetic needs were variable among the population in comparison to the professional assessment of patient needs. Dentists plays a major role in raising the level of awareness about missing teeth replacement. The results of this study serve as baseline data for any related future studies.

In most situations, predicting wear requires a variety of microstructural characterizations and experiments with contact surfaces. Based on physical principles, mathematical models might be of great assistance in understanding and thereby predicting this event. Considering the significance of heat generation in war, it appears that the parameters of thermodynamics are appropriate measurements for wear modelling. Entropy is among these parameters of thermodynamics. The Miedema model is a good method to predict the Gibbs free energy and entropy of solid solutions of binary and ternary systems. In this study, the wear behaviour of iron-based alloys according to their estimating values of Gibbs free energies and entropy was studied under lubricated conditions. The wear test was performed in accordance with ASTM-G99, utilizing the vertical universal friction testing machine MMW-1A and the pin-on-disk test methodology. Results show that the lowest negative value of Gibbs free energy was noted in the Fe-Al-Sn ternary system (-14.37 KJ/mol), while the highest negative value was found in the Fe-Al-V (-25.16 KJ/mol) binary system. It was also concluded that the wear rate decreased when the entropy estimate increased. The higher value of the wear rate was (6.935 mm3\N.m x107) for Fe-Al binary alloy with an entropy value (1.717 J\k Mole). The lowest value of wear rate was (3.581 mm3\N.m *107) for Fe-Al-Sn ternary alloy with an entropy of (2.71 J\k Mole). This is due to the micro-distortion that was mechanically indicated with the ternary alloys Fe-Al with V, Mn, Ga.B, and Sn additives that affected the wear mechanism and caused high values of wear.

Objective: This in vitro study compares the accuracy and trueness of various 3D-printed denture teeth. Methods: A total of 30 specimens were created using various 3D-printed resins, 10 each using Asiga DentaTOOTH resin (Asiga, Australia), Formlabs Denture Teeth Resin (Formlabs GmbH, Germany), and NextDent C&B MFH (Micro Filled Hybrid) resin (Nextdent B.V., Netherlands), respectively. A prefabricated mandibular first molar was scanned using a desktop laser scanner (E3, 3Shape A/S) to create a standard tessellation language file, which served as a “reference tooth” scan. That file was sent to each corresponding printer for printing according to manufacturer recommendations. The printed teeth were scanned with an intraoral scanner (TRIOS 3, 3shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). Trueness and precision were assessed using 3D morphometric analysis software (Geomagic Control X, 3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA). One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data (α = 0.05). Root mean square error and mean deviations were also calculated. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS (IBM Corp., New York, NY, USA) software. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis was used. P-values of

Introduction: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is one of the common childhood disorders with extensive negative effects on people emotional, metacognitive, cognitive, and communication processes. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cerebellar training in the theory of mind and working memory of children with ODD. Method: This semi-experimental study utilized a pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all 5-6-year-old children with ODD in Gonbad-e Kavus city in 2022. A convenience sample of 40 people was assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent cerebellum training in 20 sessions of 40 minutes, three sessions per week, while the control group did not receive any training. The research instruments included the Disorders of Children Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) (1994), Theory of Mind Test (1999), and Counting Span Test (2003). The data were analyzed by SPSS-24 software using the repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Cerebellar training significantly improved working memory and theory of mind in the posttest and follow-up stages (P

For the effective conservation of plant species, it is imperative to manage habitat loss and fragmentation by establishing a protected area network that comprehensively encompasses their habitat. In this study, we identified the suitable habitats for some endemic plant species in the Swat District, Pakistan, to conduct a thorough analysis of proposed protected areas (hotspot areas). Utilizing data from a recent botanical survey, environmental parameters from World-Clim, and various other sources, we determined the habitat of each species using the MaxEnt species distribution model. The modeled habitat suitability for each species were combined to generate maps illustrating endemic richness (hotspots), as well as to prioritize areas based on conservation value and habitat suitability. Future climate projections spanning from 2000 to 2050 were acquired from the WorldClim database Nineteen bioclimatic variables were assessed, incorporating data from three global climate models: CCSM4, HadGEM2-AO, and MPI-ESM-LR. We modeled seven endemic species from the Swat District and, by combining their maps, found three hotspot areas which show more environmental suitability under future climatic conditions. The future model forecasts a significant decrease in population density by the year 2050. Currently, these species exhibit their highest density along the eastern and southern borders of the valley, particularly in the Karakar, Elum border, Mankial Kalam, and Gabral Kalam areas. The anticipated alterations in density and distribution could have a considerable impact not only on the tree species but also on the associated sub flora.

Finasteride competitively inhibits 5α-reductase (5-AR) isoenzymes, which blocks dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production, thereby reducing DHT. Finasteride is used in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and androgenic alopecia. Amid patient reports of suicidal ideation (SI), the Post Finasteride Syndrome advocacy group has petitioned for either a stop to selling of the drug or advertisement of stronger warnings. The US Food and Drug Administration recently added SI to the adverse effects listed for finasteride. Here we provide a brief but comprehensive review of the literature on the psychological side effects of 5-AR inhibitors (5-ARIs) to provide an opinion to help in guiding treating urologists. Most of the current evidence, obtained from the literature on dermatology, suggests that 5-ARI users experience a higher rate of depressive symptoms. However, given the lack of comprehensive randomised studies, the causal link between finasteride and SI remains unclear. Urologists prescribing 5-ARIs should be aware of the recent addition of suicide and SI risk to the list of side effects. A mental health screen should be performed and appropriate resources provided to patients commencing treatment. Furthermore, a review should be arranged with the general practitioner to assess new-onset mental health or SI symptoms. Patient summary: We provide recommendations for urologists who prescribe finasteride for the treatment of benign prostate enlargement. Urologists should be aware of the recent addition of suicidal ideation to the list of side effects for this drug. Finasteride prescription should be continued; however, we recommend a detailed medical history to screen for prior mental health and personality disorders, with discontinuation of the medication in patients with new onset of depression or suicidal symptoms. Close liaison with the patient’s general practitioner is vital for management of depressive or suicidal symptoms.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing doses: 0 (control), 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80 and 1.00 % DM of an exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) cocktail preparation on in vitro gas production (GP), nutrient degradability and fermentation characteristics of oats straw based Total Mixed Ration (TMR) with 60:40 roughage to concentrate ratio using sheep rumen liquor. The chemical composition of all the feed ingredients used for preparation of the experimental TMR (containing 16.63% crude protein and 90.51% organic matter) were within the normal ranges. Increasing the incorporation level of enzyme cocktail linearly as well as quadratically increased net GP, metabolisable energy content, short chain fatty acid concentrations and microbial crude protein production up to 0.60% DM level (L3) with no additional improvement at further higher levels. There were significant improvements in degradability of dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fibre up to the enzyme dose of 0.60% DM (L3) with constant values thereafter. Fermentation characteristics response to varying incorporation doses of EFE cocktail also revealed improvements up to 0.60% DM level (L3) with no effect on non-protein nitrogen contents. It is recommended that EFE cocktail incorporation dose of 0.60% DM to be used for efficient utilisation of oats straw based complete feed; however, this requires further testing by in vivo studies.

Bevacizumab (Bvz) is the most preferred recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody in biosimilar development due to its prominence as a standard treatment in the oncology space. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are typically more complex and unlikely to produce a replica. As a result, regulatory agencies allow approval of biosimilars that differ structurally and functionally from their reference product, but these differences should not have any clinical significance. To identify these significant discrepancies, it is essential to perform a thorough characterization of critical product attributes both in real-time and after storage until the product's expiration. In the present study, two Bvz biosimilar brands (Bio-1 and Bio-2) marketed in India were evaluated and compared with the reference product Avastin® to assess their degree of similarity. A comprehensive physicochemical characterization of biosimilars and reference product was performed using orthogonal techniques including LC-ESI-QTOF, MALDI-TOF, FTIR-ATR, iCIEF, rCE, nrCE, UV280, and RP-HPLC. Furthermore, Bvz formulations under study were subjected to various stress conditions of thermal (elevated temperature 50 ± 2 °C), chemical (acidic pH 3.0 ± 0.2, neutral pH 7.0 ± 0.2, and basic pH 10.0 ± 0.2), and mechanical (agitation 200 rpm) for comparative stability evaluation. Any alteration in the secondary structure of the native protein was detected and quantified using far-UV circular dichroism (CD), indicating an average of 15% and 11% loss in native antiparallel β-sheet conformation respectively in Bio-1 and Bio-2 upon exposure to elevated temperature and high pH. Additionally, covalent or non-covalent aggregates formed as a function of elevated temperature and agitation were quantified using SEC-MALS.

Sawa Lake is one of the unique lakes in Iraq. It is located in the southwestern part of Iraq. It is one of the closed lakes, as no surface water source works to feed the lake. The lake feeds on groundwater. The source of this groundwater is the Dammam Basin. During the past ten years, The lake has had many changes, which led to a decrease in water levels. This also led attention to study of the causes of these changes. Many types of research were presented in the study of the state of the lake. This research used remote sensing images from Landsat 8 OLI to monitor the changes during 2020-2021 by applying the NDWI equation to extract water area from image data. The results of the areas were obtained from a special report by Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Then, the lake surface water temperature was derived from Landsat 8 thermal bands (TIRS). The lake water area and temperatures increased in summer and decreased in winter and autumn. Then, it is not the main reason for the change in the lake water area. The levels of the lake water rise during the dry period and decrease during the rainy period. The natural factors have little influence in reducing the lake water. It is attributed to human factors, groundwater depletion, and a reduction in water supply from the Dammam Basin, which feeds the lake.

ZnO nanorods (NRs) are piezoelectric materials used as nanogenerators because of their ease of synthesis, nontoxicity, low production costs, good electrical properties, and suitable flexibility for human movement as a source of mechanical energy. ZnO NRs are usually doped or composited with other materials to enhance their properties. Here we discuss the effect of the aluminum (Al) doping of ZnO using the hydrothermal method and subsequent coating with NiO to form a p–n junction in a nanogenerator application. According to XRD characterization, Al doping caused a shift in the ZnO NRs diffraction peaks toward a larger angle and a decrease in the diameter of the NRs. The doping of Al and NiO composites could also widen the bandgap. Moreover, current and voltage characterization results showed that the nanogenerator output power was 14.8 µW, which reached saturation (19.5 µW) at 4 % doping. Therefore, Al doping can improve the output power of the nanogenerator compared with pure ZnO.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is based on algorithms that allow machines to make decisions for humans. This technology enhances the users’ experience in various ways. Several studies have been conducted in the field of education to solve the problem of student orientation and performance using various Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. The main goal of this article is to predict Moroccan students’ performance in the region of Guelmim Oued Noun using an intelligent system based on neural networks, one of the best data mining techniques that provided us with the best results.

Abstract Background Liver diseases post-COVID-19 vaccination is extremely rare but can occur. A growing body of evidence has indicated that portal vein thrombosis, autoimmune hepatitis, raised liver enzymes and liver injuries, etc., may be potential consequence of COVID-19 vaccines. Objectives To describe the results of a systematic review for new-onset and relapsed liver disease following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods For this systematic review, we searched Proquest, Medline, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Wiley online library, Scopus and Nature through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses PRISMA guideline for studies on the incidence of new onset or relapsed liver diseases post-COVID-19 vaccination, published from December 1, 2020 to July 31, 2022, with English language restriction. Results Two hundred seventy-five cases from one hundred and eighteen articles were included in the qualitative synthesis of this systematic review. Autoimmune hepatitis (138 cases) was the most frequent pathology observed post-COVID-19 vaccination, followed by portal vein thrombosis (52 cases), raised liver enzymes (26 cases) and liver injury (21 cases). Other cases include splanchnic vein thrombosis, acute cellular rejection of the liver, jaundice, hepatomegaly, acute hepatic failure and hepatic porphyria. Mortality was reported in any of the included cases for acute hepatic failure (n = 4, 50%), portal vein thrombosis (n = 25, 48.1%), splanchnic vein thrombosis (n = 6, 42.8%), jaundice (n = 1, 12.5%), raised liver enzymes (n = 2, 7.7%), and autoimmune hepatitis (n = 3, 2.2%). Most patients were easily treated without any serious complications, recovered and did not require long-term hepatic therapy. Conclusion Reported evidence of liver diseases post-COIVD-19 vaccination should not discourage vaccination against this worldwide pandemic. The number of reported cases is relatively very small in relation to the hundreds of millions of vaccinations that have occurred and the protective benefits offered by COVID-19 vaccination far outweigh the risks.

COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a challenge for researchers to find effective drugs for this disease. Previous research had identified the role of Mpro, TMPRSS2, RdRp, and ACE2 which were useful as promising drug targets to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to identify the potential compounds derived from Ginkgo biloba as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors using a molecular docking study. A total of twenty-one compounds of Ginkgo biloba and comparative drugs were used in this study. The materials were downloaded from rcsb for protein targets and pubchem for comparative drugs and compounds. In this study, Lipinski rule of five using Swiss ADME web tool was used. Moreover, toxicity analysis using admetSAR 2.0 online test also used to predict toxicological profile of compounds. Dockings were carried out on Mpro, TMPRSS2, RdRp, and ACE2 protein targets by AutodockTools 1.5.6 and Autodock Vina. The visualization of molecular interaction was carried out by Discovery Studio v16. Nine compounds met the criteria as drug-like components and were safe. Docking results showed that ginkgolide-C and bilobetin showed strong molecular interactions to all protein targets compared to the comparative drugs and other compounds. In RdRp, ginkgolide-C showed the highest binding energy with -12.7 kcal/mol. Moreover, in TMPRSS2, ACE2 and Mpro, bilobetin also showed the highest binding energy with -12.7, -9.7 and -10 kcal/mol, respectively. Ginkgolide-C and bilobetin have the potential to be developed as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo investigations are needed to bring these compounds to the clinical setting.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder in which immunological and structural cells play a role. The limits of conventional medicines necessitate the development of innovative therapeutic techniques for asthma. In the present study, we investigated the possible protective effect of cinnamic acid (CA) on ovalbumin-induced asthma in a mouse model. Sixty albino male mice BALB/c type weighing (20-30) grams were chosen at random and divided into five groups each one contains 12 animal: Group I: PBS/liquid paraffin control. Group II: asthma model group. Group III: cinnamic acid control group; mice received cinnamic acid (50 mg/kg) in liquid paraffin orally by gavage. Group IV: asthma model / group of (25 mg / kg) cinnamic acid; mice received (25 mg/kg) in liquid paraffin orally by gavage. Group V: asthma/ (50 mg/kg) cinnamic acid group; mice received cinnamic acid (50 mg/kg) in liquid paraffin orally by gavage. The experiment continued for 14 days. On day 15, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid, blood and lung tissue was collected. Total cell count, tissue TNF- α, IL -33, and serum IgE increased considerably after sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA), while GSH levels decreased significantly. On the other hand, administration of cinnamic acid in (25mg and 50mg/kg) has significantly decreased total WBC count, tissue TNF- α, IL -33, and serum IgE results, and a significant increase on GSH results. These findings suggest that cinnamic acid has a protective effect against OVA-induced allergic asthma in mice, possibly through its antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity on some proliferative modulating enzymes.

كرَّس جوزيف شاخت جزءاً كبيراً من حياتهِ المهنية لدراسة بداية تاريخ وتطور الفكر الفقهي الإسلامي. إذ شكَّلت أطروحته عن تكوين الفقه الإسلامي، حيث أدَّت السُّنَّة النَّبوية دوراً حاسماً، أساساً لأبحاثٍ لاحقة عن الموضوع ذاته، تمتلك إضافةً إلى ذلك كافَّة مزايا الفكر العميق والأصالة. وجِّهت بعض الردود نحو أطروحة شاخت، وكانت أحياناً شديدة الانتقاد. بل إنَّ بعضها اتهمته بتعزيز "فكرة خاطئة" عن موقع الفقه في الإسلام ومنحه اهتماماً قليلاً للتشريع القرآني. ويؤكِّد هؤلاء أنَّ شاخت يؤيد وجهة نظر تنحرف بوضوح عن الاعتقاد السَّائد لدى غالبية المُسلمين. من جهةٍ أخرى، أبدى بعض العلماء إعجاباً كبيراً بأطروحة شاخت. إذ مثَّل جداله الصامت والإسقاط الخلفي ونظريات الرابط المُشترك الخطوط العريضة لأطروحتهِ، والتي نالت ثناءً كبيراً بين أبرز العلماء، من المُستشرقين وغير المُستشرقين على حدٍّ سواء. من أجل فهم حياة شاخت وأهمية أعمالهِ ونِتاجاتهِ العلمية باعتبارهِ مستشرقاً كبيراً، وخصوصاً بقدر تعلُّق الأمر بمُساهمته بدراسة الفقه الإسلامي، كُرِّس المبحث الأول من هذهِ الدراسة لمُناقشة خلفيته وشخصيته وحياته المهنية وعمله. في المُقابل، يتعامل المبحث الثاني مع أطروحة شاخت الرئيسة عن تكوين الفقه الإسلامي. وعلى النقيض من الاعتقاد السَّائد، يفترض شاخت أنَّ الفقه لم ينشأ في حياة النَّبي مُحمَّد (r)، وأنَّ المُمارسات الشعبية والإدارية للأُمويين كانت هي نقطة بداية تكوين الفقه. من أجل دعم فرضيته الأساسية، يتعقَّب شاخت أصالة مفهوم السُنن النَّبوية التي أدَّت - كما قال - دوراً مهماً في تكوين الفقه. ويستنتج شاخت بصورةٍ أكيدة أنَّ السُنن النَّبوية تشكَّلت من قِبَل أجيالٍ لاحقة ليس لها صلة بالنَّبي نفسه.

Dependence on the need for electrical energy on PLN will undoubtedly require a high cost. Energy independence around the PPPI Al-Ittihad hut as a partner can minimize expenses and realize an Islamic life based on information technology and independence in energy. This problem has prompted the Malang State University community service team to install solar panels at PPPI Al-Ittihad based on smart PLTS that can be monitored in real-time. This installation serves as a source of electrical energy to meet the electricity needs of PPPI Al-Ittihad. Community service is carried out by observing, calculating load requirements, making designs, installing solar cell systems, and installing solar panel systems. The electricity generated by the smart PLTS is used for the daily needs of PPPI Al-Ittihad. Besides that, the PLTS could be the renewable energy learning media for students and IoT-based information technology. The installation of PLTS is very useful for PPPI Al-Ittihad, which has a daily power load of 4 kWh to reduce the estimated cost of electricity consumption which previously depended on PLN.

Tourism village is one of the tourism concepts currently being activated and has attracted many people. Many benefits are obtained, such as increasing local government income, helping the community's economy around the tourism area, and empowering local communities for its management. One tourist attraction that has superior potential is Dilem Wilis Edutourism in Dompyong Village, Trenggalek Regency. Dilem Wilis tourist destination offers a reasonably wide natural Dutch Heritage. However, the vastness of the tourist area that is not in line with the management makes some tourist rides unable to be enjoyed as a whole. In this community service activity, efforts to develop Dilem Wilis Edutourism are carried out through several stages. The landscape 3D model was designed with sketchup software then fabricated with synthetic material of 1:300 scale. The results of this development stage are realized in a tangible form. There are the manufacture of 3D model of the landscape and the installation of LED strip lights that are useful for attracting tourists to visit because access to lighting is adequate, and the delivery of regional mapping is well conveyed through the Dilem Willis Eduwisata landscape 3D model.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess and compile the available research articles about medicinal plants used for ocular diseases. Principal results: A total of 2949 articles were retrieved, 35 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and seven studies (4 observational and three experimental) with low to moderate quality were eligible and involved in the systematic review, with a total of 600 plants from 4 countries. Among the 600 plants, only 24 (4%) were used to assess the status. Both the fixed and random models of the studies showed that the included studies tended to predict the results for the observational studies (OR = 0.062, CI = 0.043–0.090 OR = 0.039, CI = 0.012–0.122) for different plants used for ocular diseases. High heterogeneity (estimated as I2 = 87.078, Tau2 = 1.161 and Q-value = 23.217 with a p-value of 0.000), while for experimental studies (I2 = 94.928, Tau2 = 23.211 and Q-value = 39.434 with a p-value of 0.000) and publication bias were reported. Conclusion: Few articles representing approximately 600 plants of low to moderate quality reported using medicinal plants for ocular diseases. The meta-analysis confirmed the systematic review findings regarding the plants' traditional use with high heterogeneity and publication bias. A considerable gap was proven in the use of medicinal plants in ocular diseases requiring intensive research.

Field experiment was conducted during winter season 2021-2022 at karthiya area / Kut district in Wasit Province, Iraq. Therefore, the aim of this study was to implement the sprinkler irrigation scheduling and foliar application of nutrients on the traits of wheat (IPA 99). The study carried out in randomized complete block design with strip plots arrangements and three replications. The main plots were for irrigation scheduling calculated based on depth of irrigation water and the cumulative evaporation ), depth of 1Depth of irrigation water at 40 % of available (Ifrom a Class A as follows: ) and depth of irrigation water at 80 % of available 2tion water at 60 % of available (Iirriga), foliar spray 0). The sub plots were for foliar application of nutrients included control (N3(Iand )1N() 1-Mg.Lof iron and zinc was added with the elongation and booting stages (100 ) 1-foliar spray of potassium was added with the elongation and booting stages (3000 Mg.L s, grainhlorophyllclag leaf area, flant height, pThe results indicated that the highest . )2N(yield, biological yield and harvest index were found at depth of irrigation water at 40 % of ) % 33.19and 1-t ha 14.78 ,1-t ha 924., SPAD 48.14, 243.05 cm, 107.08 cm( available ,103.89 cm( 1-3000 Mg.Loliar spray of potassium fat respectively. Also the highest were found not lag leaf areafrespectively, except )% 30.93and 1-t ha 4314., 1-t ha 054. ,SPAD 46.10significant affected.

Abstract Background An uncommon cause of appendicitis is the entrapment of ingested foreign objects in the appendix. Although a rare event, it could remain asymptomatic for a prolonged time. The presence of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract has a high potential for complications, in particular if sharp or large enough in size to cause obstruction. However, most often an ingested foreign object would be eliminated in the stool. Rarely, it may reside in the appendix depending on various factors such as the nature of the ingested body and the appendiceal peristaltic movements. Case presentation We report a case of abdominal pain due to a diamond earring trapped in the appendix for 2 years. A plain X-ray of the abdomen confirmed the diagnosis which prompted a laparoscopic appendectomy resulting in resolution of symptoms. Conclusion The initial presentation of an ingested foreign object can be similar to signs of symptoms of acute appendicitis and the patient must be monitored for several days to follow the trajectory of the foreign body in order to prevent complications. Even though the incidence is more common among the pediatric population, vigilance among adults should also be undertaken with a history of ingesting a foreign object, as this case demonstrates the importance of keeping a high index of suspicion when encountering such cases.

Topological indices are empirical features of graphs that characterize the topology of the graph and, for the most part, are graph independent. An important branch of graph theory is chemical graph theory. In chemical graph theory, the atoms corresponds vertices and edges corresponds covalent bonds. A topological index is a numeric number that represents the topology of underline structure. In this article, we examined the topological properties of prism octahedron network of dimension m and computed the total eccentricity, average eccentricity, Zagreb eccentricity, geometric arithmetic eccentricity, and atom bond connectivity eccentricity indices, which are used to utilize the distance between the vertices of a prism octahedron network.

Previous research has shown a substantial correlation between a chemical compound’s molecular structure and its chemical characteristics. Understanding the physical characteristics and biological functions of biomolecules can be improved with the aid of topological indices based on their molecular structure. Eccentricity-connectivity indices, which describe molecular structures based on distance, have been applied to the mathematical modelling of a wide range of biological activities. In this article, we compute the exact formulae of various versions of the eccentricity-connectivity index for first type of Dominating David-derived network. The findings can be applied to computer-aided molecular design methods in pharmaceutical engineering.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the elements and components of social capital in managing the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. Methods: The present study is cross-sectional, inductive, qualitative, and explanatory research. Its 11 participants included social science experts who were selected through purposive judgment sampling. In order to collect data, semi-structured texts and interviews were used and thematic analysis was used to code the gathered qualitative data. Results: The results showed that social trust, social participation, awareness, economic factors, soft infrastructure, and structural issues of the government, and its subdivisions have an important role in the social capital required to manage the Coronavirus crisis. Conclusion: The role of social capital in the dynamic evolving threats, according to the findings of the present study, is not always negative or positive; therefore, the behavior of the people must be changed. Also, the governments’ legal, infrastructural, economic, and political measures, along with the increase in public confidence and awareness in such decisions can reduce the destructive effects of the crises.

This study aims to measure the performance of actively-managed Saudi Arabia mutual funds during the COVID-19 outbreak and examines the potential impact of COVID-19 growth on the measured performance. The authors apply the Fama and French five-factor model to measure the risk-adjusted performance of a selected sample of 79 mutual funds. Mutual funds in Saudi Arabia outperformed the market with a significant positive alpha of 0.15%. The panel data regression technique identified the impact of growth in new confirmed cases and fatalities with fund-specific variables on mutual fund performance. The findings suggest that new confirmed cases had a significant and negative impact on mutual fund unadjusted returns and risk-adjusted returns. The significant positive impact of growth in COVID-19 fatalities on fund performance may have been interpreted as positive news by the market participants as the actual mortality rate was lower than previous forecast. Moreover, the study found that even individually, most mutual fund managers were not able to minimise the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on mutual fund returns compared to the market portfolio. This study examines the potential impact of growth in COVID-19 cases as a new factor affecting mutual fund performance which helps investors to understand the behaviour of mutual fund performance during the COVID-19 crisis. It also provides evidence on how mutual fund performance reacted to the COVID-19 outbreak when compared to the overall market performance reaction. Moreover, this is the first study that applied the Fama and French five-factor model to estimate the mutual funds’ risk-adjusted performance.

Maryam Abolhasani,1,&ast; Nastaran Maghbouli,2,&ast; Shahrokh Karbalai Saleh,3 Ziba Aghsaeifar,4 Faeze Sazgara,5 Maryam Tahmasebi,6 Haleh Ashraf,7 Jemal Haidar Ali8,&ast; 1Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center (CPPRC), Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Cardiology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 5Department of Radiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Guilan, Iran; 6Department of Cardiology, Amir Al Momenin Hospital, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 7Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center (CPPRC), Tehran Heart Center and Research Development Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 8Department of Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jemal Haidar AliAddis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Public Health Nutrition, P.O. Box: 27285, Addis Ababa, 1000, EthiopiaTel +251 115547465; +251 911505465Email hjemal@gmail.comHaleh AshrafResearch Development Center, Sina Hospital, Emam Khomeini St., Tehran, 1136746911, IranFax +98 21-66348553Email hashraf@sina.tums.ac.irBackground: Although the effectiveness of some combined anthropometric and metabolic scores were evaluated in hypertension prediction, none of them had addressed their accuracy in association with overweight/obese populations. This study examined the accuracy of several anthropometric parameters in this regard and compared the novel indices to the ancient ones.Methods: Through a cross-sectional study, 5115 patients have been evaluated at the weight loss clinic. Data on demographic information, anthropometric indices, and biochemical measurements were assembled into a checklist. Multivariable regression modeling and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) were analyzed using SPSS version 20. To find new combined scores, SEM (structural equation modeling) analysis was also adopted. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: Considering ancient indices, WHtR (waist-to-height ratio) showed a sufficient area under the curve in predicting hypertension among both genders concomitant with WC (waist circumference) in men, and BRI (body roundness index) in women as highest AUC. The highest odds ratio (OR) for the presence of hypertension, based on the age-adjusted model, was BRI in females (OR, 3.335; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58– 7.28) and WC in males (OR, 13.478; 95% CI: 1.99– 45.02). The combined scores were not superior to the single ones.Conclusion: The most powerful association between hypertension and sufficient discrimination ability of normotensives from hypertensive patients was detected for BRI in women and WC among men. However, neither the BSI and BAI nor FMI and FFMI showed superiority to WC or WHtR in predicting the presence of hypertension.Keywords: prediction, hypertension, obesity, anthropometric indices, novel indices, Iran

Daun teh hijau merupakan tanaman herbal yang memiliki senyawa aktif yang berguna sebagai antiinflamasi, antioksidan, antialergi, dan antivirus. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, senyawa flavonoid dalam daun teh terbukti memiliki aktivitas sebagai antivirus. Pengembangan obat antivirus yang efektif terhadap COVID-19 masih menjadi tantangan bagi peneliti di seluruh dunia. Penelitian sebelumnya mengidentifikasi peran enzim main protease (Mpro) yang berguna dalam siklus hidup virus sebagai target obat yang menjanjikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi daun teh hijau sebagai inhibitor Mpro COVID-19 dengan menggunakan metode molecular docking. Penelitian ini menggunakan 12 senyawa daun teh dan lopinavir sebagai pembanding. Analisis Lipinski dilakukan untuk menilai potensi senyawa daun teh sebagai obat. Molecular docking dilakukan menggunakan Autodock Tools 1.5.6 dan Autodock Vina serta visualisasi menggunakan Discovery Studio v16. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh senyawa uji memenuhi kriteria sebagai obat berdasarkan uji kelarutan Lipinski. Hasil docking menunjukkan bahwa catechin dan epicatechin memiliki energi ikatan yang sama dengan lopinavir, yakni -7,1 kcal/mol. Catechin gallate dan epicatechin gallate memiliki energi ikatan terkuat, yakni -9,0 dan -8,2 kcal/mol. Seluruh senyawa uji mengikat di situs aktif enzim Mpro COVID-19 sehingga merupakan inhibitor kompetitif. Seluruh senyawa daun teh hijau berpotensi sebagai inhibitor enzim Mpro COVID-19 dengan catechin gallate merupakan senyawa inhibitor yang paling kuat.

Loss of white matter integrity (WMI) is associated with gait deficits in middle-aged and older adults. However, these deficits are often only apparent under cognitively demanding situations, such as walking and simultaneously performing a secondary cognitive task. Moreover, evidence suggests that declining executive functions (EF) are linked to gait decline, and their co-occurrence may point to a common underlying pathology, i.e., degeneration of shared brain regions. In this study, we applied diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and a standardized gait assessment under single- and dual-tasking (DT) conditions (walking and subtracting) in 74 middle-aged and older adults without any significant gait or cognitive impairments to detect subtle WM alterations associated with gait decline under DT conditions. Additionally, the Trail Making Test (TMT) was used to assess EF, classify participants into three groups based on their performance, and examine a possible interaction between gait, EF, and WMI. Gait speed and subtracting speed while dual-tasking correlated significantly with the fractional anisotropy (FA) in the bilateral anterior corona radiata (highest r = 0.51/p < 0.0125 FWE-corrected). Dual-task costs (DTC) of gait speed correlated significantly with FA in widespread pathways, including the corpus callosum, bilateral anterior and superior corona radiata, as well as the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (highest r = −0.47/p < 0.0125 FWE-corrected). EF performance was associated with FA in the left anterior corona radiata (p < 0.05); however, EF did not significantly mediate the effects of WMI on DTC of gait speed. There were no significant correlations between TMT and DTC of gait and subtracting speed, respectively. Our findings indicate that gait decline under DT conditions is associated with widespread WM deterioration even in middle-aged and older adults without any significant gait or cognitive impairments. However, this relationship was not mediated by EF.

هدف البحث الى التعرّف على تأثير برنامج ترويحي رياضي في الحد من ظاهرة التنمر المدرسي عند طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة. واستخدم الباحثان المنهج التجريبي لتحقيق هدف البحث. وتم تحدد مجتمع البحث بطلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط في المدارس الحكومية الصباحية التابعة لمديرية تربية الرصافة الثانية. اما عينة البحث فتم تحديدها بعد تطبيق مقياس التنمر المدرسي على الطلاب الذي قام الباحثان بإعداده واستخراج الاسس العلمية له. وبعد جمع البيانات وتحليلها تم تحديد المتنمرين والبالغ عددهم (46) طالبا، تم تقسيمهم بصورة عشوائية الى مجموعتين تجريبية وضابطة تكونت كل مجموعة من (23) طالباً. وقام الباحثان بإعداد البرنامج الترويحي الرياضي والذي تكون من (14) وحدة ترويحية تم تطبيقها على المجموعة التجريبية وبعد انتهاء التجربة قام الباحثان بإجراء الاختبار البعدي لمقياس التنمر المدرسي على عينة البحث وللمجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة، وتوصل الباحثان ان هناك اثراً معنوياً للبرنامج الترويحي الرياضي في الحد من ظاهرة التنمر المدرسي، وان مقياس التنمر المدرسي قادر على الكشف عن سلوك التنمر المدرسي لدى عينة البحث.

The brain is the organ most studied using Magnetic Resonance (MR). The emergence of 7T scanners has increased MR imaging resolution to a sub-millimeter level. However, there is a lack of automatic segmentation techniques for 7T MR volumes. This research aims to develop a novel deep learning-based algorithm for on-cloud brain extraction and multi-structure segmentation from unenhanced 7T MR volumes. To this aim, a double-stage 3D U-Net was implemented in a cloud service, directing its first stage to the automatic extraction of the brain and its second stage to the automatic segmentation of the grey matter, basal ganglia, white matter, ventricles, cerebellum, and brain stem. The training was performed on the 90% (the 10% of which served for validation) and the test on the 10% of the Glasgow database. A mean test Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 96.33% was achieved for the brain class. Mean test DSCs of 90.24%, 87.55%, 93.82%, 85.77%, 91.53%, and 89.95% were achieved for the brain structure classes, respectively. Therefore, the proposed double-stage 3D U-Net is effective in brain extraction and multi-structure segmentation from 7T MR volumes without any preprocessing and training data augmentation strategy while ensuring its machine-independent reproducibility.

Knowledge about the anatomical structures of the left heart, specifically the atrium (LA) and ventricle (i.e., endocardium—Vendo—and epicardium—LVepi) is essential for the evaluation of cardiac functionality. Manual segmentation of cardiac structures from echocardiography is the baseline reference, but results are user-dependent and time-consuming. With the aim of supporting clinical practice, this paper presents a new deep-learning (DL)-based tool for segmenting anatomical structures of the left heart from echocardiographic images. Specifically, it was designed as a combination of two convolutional neural networks, the YOLOv7 algorithm and a U-Net, and it aims to automatically segment an echocardiographic image into LVendo, LVepi and LA. The DL-based tool was trained and tested on the Cardiac Acquisitions for Multi-Structure Ultrasound Segmentation (CAMUS) dataset of the University Hospital of St. Etienne, which consists of echocardiographic images from 450 patients. For each patient, apical two- and four-chamber views at end-systole and end-diastole were acquired and annotated by clinicians. Globally, our DL-based tool was able to segment LVendo, LVepi and LA, providing Dice similarity coefficients equal to 92.63%, 85.59%, and 87.57%, respectively. In conclusion, the presented DL-based tool proved to be reliable in automatically segmenting the anatomical structures of the left heart and supporting the cardiological clinical practice.

The fracture resistance of 3-unit interim fixed dental prostheses (IFDPs) fabricated using digital light processing (DLP) additive technology with different printing parameters is neglected. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of different printing orientations and different post-curing times on the fracture resistance of 3-unit IFDPs fabricated from two three-dimensional (3D) printed resins, NextDent, C&B (CB), ASIGA, and DentaTOOTH. A 3-unit dye was scanned, and an IFDP was designed. A total of 300 specimens (150/materials, n = 10) were printed and divided into three groups according to printing orientations (0°, 45°, 90°) per material. Each orientation was subdivided into five groups (n = 10) considering the post-curing time (green state as control, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min). All specimens underwent thermocycling (5000 cycles). Each specimen was fitted onto the die and loaded until fracture using a universal testing machine with a loading rate of 1 m/min. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05). The result showed that printing orientation had a significant effect on the fracture load for both ASIGA and NextDent materials (p < 0.05). The highest fracture load was recorded with 45° orientation, followed by 0° orientation and 90° orientation showed the lowest values per respective post-curing time. Post-curing time increased the fracture load (p < 0.05). Post-curing time had a positive effect on the fracture load. As the post-curing time increased, the fracture resistance load increased (p < 0.05), with 90 and 120 min showing the highest fracture load. The 0° and 45° printing orientations have a high fracture load for 3D-printed IFDPs, and an increased post-curing time is recommended.