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Au@palladium oxide nano-sunflowers are fabricated for ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering analysis.

Low rank matrix approximation (LRMA) has a wide range of applications in computer vision and has drawn much attention in recent years. A typical nuclear norm minimization (NNM) is often used to solve a LRMA, but this is likely to overshrink the rank components due to having the same threshold. To address this problem, we propose a flexible and precise model named multi-band weighted l p norm minimization (MBWPNM). We have reformulated it into nonconvex l p norm subproblems under certain weight conditions, and we solve these subproblems via a generalized soft-thresholding algorithm. We then adopt MBWPNM for image (grayscale, color and multispectral) denoising. The proposed MBWPNM not only guarantees a more accurate approximation with a Schatten p-norm in case of a change of noise levels, but it also considers prior knowledge, for which different rank components have varying importance. Extensive experiments on additive white Gaussian noise removal and realistic noise removal demonstrate that the proposed MBWPNM achieves better performance than several state-of-the-art algorithms.

Research on deep-tissue photothermal therapy (PTT) in the near-infrared II (NIR-II, 1000–1350 nm) region has bloomed in recent years, owing to higher maximum permissible exposure and deeper tissue penetration over that in the near-infrared I (NIR-I, 650–950 nm) region. However, more details need to be uncovered to facilitate a fundamental understanding of NIR-II PTT. Herein, a tumor-targeted therapeutic nanosystem based on NIR-responsive molybdenum oxide (MoO2) nanoaggregates was fabricated. The photothermal conversion capabilities of MoO2 in the NIR-I and II regions were investigated step by step, from a simple tissue phantom to a three-dimensional cellular system, and further to a tumor-bearing animal model. NIR-II laser exhibited a lower photothermal attenuation coefficient (0.541 at 1064 nm) in a tissue phantom compared with its counterpart (0.959 at 808 nm), which allows it to be more capable of deep-tissue PTT in vitro and in vivo. Depth profile analysis elucidated a negative correlation between the microstructural collapse of tumor tissue and the penetration depth. Moreover, the depth-related tumor ablation was also studied by Raman fingerprint analysis, which demonstrated the major biochemical compositional disturbances in photothermal ablated tumor tissues, providing fundamental knowledge to NIR-II deep-tissue photothermal therapy.

By means of a simple and photo-induced method, four colors of molybdenum oxide quantum dots (MoOx QDs) have been synthesized, using Mo(CO)6 as the structural guiding agent and molybdenum source. The as-prepared MoOx QDs display diverse optical properties due to the different configurations of oxygen vacancies in various nanostructures. Among them, crystalline molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) with a deep blue color shows the most intense localized surface plasmon resonance effect in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The strong NIR absorption endows MoO2 QDs with a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 66.3%, enabling broad prospects as a photo-responsive nanoagent for photothermal therapy of cancer. Moreover, MoO2 QDs can also serve as a novel semiconductor substrate for ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis of aromatic molecules, amino acids and antibiotics, with SERS performance comparable to that of noble metal-based substrates. The therapeutic applications of MoO2 QDs open up a new avenue for tumor nanomedicine.

The GATOR2-GATOR1 signaling axis is essential for amino-acid-dependent mTORC1 activation. However, the molecular function of the GATOR2 complex remains unknown. Here, we report that disruption of the Ring domains of Mios, WDR24, or WDR59 completely impedes amino-acid-mediated mTORC1 activation. Mechanistically, via interacting with Ring domains of WDR59 and WDR24, the Ring domain of Mios acts as a hub to maintain GATOR2 integrity, disruption of which leads to self-ubiquitination of WDR24. Physiologically, leucine stimulation dissociates Sestrin2 from the Ring domain of WDR24 and confers its availability to UBE2D3 and subsequent ubiquitination of NPRL2, contributing to GATOR2-mediated GATOR1 inactivation. As such, WDR24 ablation or Ring deletion prevents mTORC1 activation, leading to severe growth defects and embryonic lethality at E10.5 in mice. Hence, our findings demonstrate that Ring domains are essential for GATOR2 to transmit amino acid availability to mTORC1 and further reveal the essentiality of nutrient sensing during embryonic development.

Purpose This study aims to explore consumers' implicit motivations for purchasing luxury brands based on the functional theories of attitudes by using event-related potentials (ERPs). Methods Brand authenticity and logo prominence were used to modulate the social-adjustive function and value-expressive function, respectively. Twenty right-handed healthy female undergraduates and graduates participated in an experiment that has a 2 brand authenticity (genuine/counterfeit) × 2 brand prominence (prominent logo/no logo) design. In the experiment, participators browsed different luxury handbags with different brand authenticity and logo prominence, and then reported their purchase intentions on a five-point scale. Meanwhile, EEGs were recorded from the subjects throughout the experiment. In the analysis process, three ERP components, which can, respectively, reflect the cognitive conflict (N200), emotional conflict (N400) and motivational emotional arousal (LPP) during the evaluation of marketing-related stimuli, were mainly focused. Results For counterfeit brands, the no logo condition elicited significant larger N200 amplitude, marginally significant larger N400 amplitude and significant smaller LPP amplitude than the prominent logo condition. However, for genuine brands, this modulation effect of logo prominence cannot be found. These results imply that consumers' implicit social motivations for purchasing luxury brands come from the satisfaction of at least one social goal. When one goal cannot be satisfied, consumers will more expect the satisfaction of another one. If this expectation is violated, it seems to be unexpected and unacceptable. Thus, greater anticipation conflict (N200) and emotion conflict (N400) will be induced, and the purchase motivation (LPP) cannot be aroused. Conclusion Consumers' preferences for luxury brands are based on the satisfaction of their social goals. These social goals always coexist and perform as compensation with each other. The dissatisfaction of one social goal would promote their expectation of the satisfaction of another social goal.

A dual-band (mid- and long-wave infrared) polarization-selective plasmonic absorber was designed and numerically investigated. This absorber traps definite polarization light and reflects light that is perpendicular to the polarization direction. It is extremely sensitive to polarization angle and can keep robustness to oblique incidence. The extinction rate does not reduce when the incident angle is even near 80°and rate value keeps above 130 for both resonance peaks. The absorber can respond to mid- and long-wave infrared atmospheric windows simultaneously and achieve near-unity absorption at 3.3 μ m and 9.8 μ m for specific polarization under normal radiation. The resonance condition is tuned by altering the geometric design. Owing to its high absorptivity and fine polarization properties, the absorber combines the advantages of a light absorber and a polarizer, and can be utilized in an uncooled infrared polarization detector, which simplify the optical system design and avoid the polarization information reconstruction error caused by the misplacement between the polarizer and the pixel.

Feature selection is an important method to reduce the number of attributes of high-dimensional data and an essential preprocess work in classification. It eliminates irrelevant, redundant, and noisy features improves the performance of the model and reduces the computational burden. Fruit fly optimization algorithm is a new algorithm proposed in recent years, which imitates the foraging behavior of fruit fly. To the best of our knowledge, it has not been systematically applied to feature selection. This paper uses the fruit fly optimization algorithm as a search strategy and designs a wrapper-based feature selection method, named binary improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (BIFFOA). Besides, four different strategies based on evolutionary population dynamics (EPD) and new mutation operators are employed to enhance the BIFFOA. The extensive experiments on 25 datasets (see Table 1) show that the performance of the BIFFOA is better than several state-of-the-art algorithms.

A deep learning network called "residual neural network" (ResNet) was used to decode Raman spectra-encoded suspension arrays (SAs). With narrow bandwidths and stable signals, Raman spectra have ideal encoding properties. The different Raman reporter molecules assembled micro-quartz pieces (MQPs) were grafted with various biomolecule probes, which enabled simultaneous detection of numerous target analytes in a single sample. Multiple types of mixed MQPs were measured by Raman spectroscopy and then decoded by ResNet to acquire the type information of analytes. The good classification performance of ResNet was verified by a t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) diagram. Compared with other machine learning models, these experiments showed that ResNet was obviously superior in terms of classification stability and training convergence to different datasets. This method simplified the decoding process and the classification accuracy reached 100%.

The compact design is suitable for the urban areas with intensive loads. The flexible multistate switch (FMS) can effectively reduce the footprint by removing transformers, which is the development trend of the flexible AC distribution equipment. In PSCAD/EMTDC, a simulation model containing two supply areas embedded in a transformerless FMS is built. Through the single-phase grounding fault simulation under the arc suppression coil grounding, the characteristics of zero-sequence component of FMS are analysed. By means of circuit analysis and sequence component decomposition, the intrinsic mechanism of AC/DC voltage fluctuation in the non-fault supply area caused by the zero-sequence component at the fault area is analysed, and the simulation result is explained. Based on the feeder transformation, a new protection and control scheme is proposed to overcome the problem of the zero-sequence ride through among different supply areas.

Object detection usually assumes that training and test data come from the same distribution, but the assumption is not always hold in practice. Due to domain shift problem, applying a trained detector to a new domain will lead to a great decrease in detection accuracy. Domain adaptive object detection has been adopted to maintain high detection accuracy in the face of various domain shift problems. Domain adaptive object detection methods mainly include adversarial-based methods, discrepancy-based methods, reconstruction-based methods, hybrid methods and others. Domain adaptive Faster RCNN is a classical adversarial-based method. In order to further improve the accuracy of domain adaptive object detection, we propose a method based on the Domain adaptive Faster RCNN called adaptive threshold cascade Faster RCNN (ATCFR). The ATCFR introduces the cascade strategy and adaptive threshold strategy. The cascade strategy improves the quality of bounding boxes and solves the problem of overfitting and mismatch in Faster RCNN. The adaptive threshold strategy ensures the balance of positive and negative samples and we don’t have to manually set the threshold as we did in cascade RCNN. In the end, we evaluate our new approach by using four classic datasets, including Cityscapes, Foggy Cityscapes, SIM 10k and KITTI. Experimental results show that our method has higher accuracy in variousdomain shift problems, compared with the state-of-the-art methods.

Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), one of the most important components of a tumor microenvironment (TME), play a significant role in the complex tumorigenesis process. Herein, the evolution of CAFs in TME is elaborately investigated by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a molecular fingerprint technique. Two-dimensional (2D) nanocomposites consisting of gold nanoparticles and a supramolecular "PCsheet" self-assembled between 2D nanosheets and oxidized phosphatidylcholine (PC) are fabricated as SERS-active probes to specifically recognize the CD36 receptor on the cytomembrane of the fibroblasts, a reliable landmark of CAF development. The 2D SERS substrates can also illuminate the fingerprint information around the CD36 protein with high detection sensitivity, which helps elucidate the biochemical component transition in the protein mini-domain during carcinoma progression. Visualized data are then supplied by label-free SERS imaging to exploit the distribution of biomolecules on the plasma membrane. In addition, the repressed expression of CD36 in TME is detected in lung metastasis tumor-bearing mice. This study based on the 2D SERS technique opens up an alternative avenue for unveiling carcinoma-associated molecular events.

As herding is a typical characteristic of human behavior, many researchers have found the existence of herding behavior in online peer-to-peer lending through empirical surveys. However, the underlying neural basis of this phenomenon is still unclear. In the current study, we studied the neural activities of herding at decision-making stage and feedback stage using event-related potentials (ERPs). Our results showed that at decision-making stage, larger error related negativity (ERN) amplitude was induced under low-proportion conditions than that of high-proportion conditions. Meanwhile, during feedback stage, negative feedback elicited larger feedback related negativity (FRN) amplitude than that of positive feedback under low-proportion conditions, however, there was no significant FRN difference under high-proportion conditions. The current study suggests that herding behavior in online peer-to-peer lending is related to individual's risk perception and is possible to avoid negative emotions brought by failed investments.

Capturing polarization information has long been an important topic in the field of detection. In this study, two polarization-dependent broadband absorbers based on a composite metamaterial structure were designed and numerically investigated. Unlike in conventional metamaterial absorbers, the bottom metallic film is functionalized to achieve a polarization response or broadband absorption. The simulation results show that the type I absorber exhibits TM polarization-dependent broadband absorption (absorptivity>80%) from 8.37 µm to 12.12 µm. In contrast, the type II absorber presents TE polarization-dependent broadband absorption (absorptivity>80%) from 8.23 µm to 11.93 µm. These devices are extremely sensitive to the change of polarization angle. The absorptivity changes monotonically with an increase of the polarization angle, but it is insensitive to oblique incidence. This design paves the way for realizing broadband polarization-dependent absorption via a simple configuration. It has bright prospects in thermal detection applications and imaging fields.

We study two competing firms with different production costs and moral standards making decisions to sell their products in the market by choosing their optimal production quantities and degrees of...

Purpose This study aims to explore consumers’ implicit motivations for purchasing luxury brands based on the functional theories of attitudes by using event-related potentials (ERPs). Methods Brand authenticity and logo prominence were used to modulate the social-adjustive function and value-expressive function, respectively. Twenty right-handed healthy female undergraduates and graduates participated in an experiment that has a 2 brand authenticity (genuine/counterfeit) × 2 brand prominence (prominent logo/no logo) design. In the experiment, participators browsed different luxury handbags with different brand authenticity and logo prominence, and then reported their purchase intentions on a five-point scale. Meanwhile, EEGs were recorded from the subjects throughout the experiment. In the analysis process, three ERP components, which can, respectively, reflect the cognitive conflict (N200), emotional conflict (N400) and motivational emotional arousal (LPP) during the evaluation of marketing-related stimuli, were mainly focused. Results For counterfeit brands, the no logo condition elicited significant larger N200 amplitude, marginally significant larger N400 amplitude and significant smaller LPP amplitude than the prominent logo condition. However, for genuine brands, this modulation effect of logo prominence cannot be found. These results imply that consumers’ implicit social motivations for purchasing luxury brands come from the satisfaction of at least one social goal. When one goal cannot be satisfied, consumers will more expect the satisfaction of another one. If this expectation is violated, it seems to be unexpected and unacceptable. Thus, greater anticipation conflict (N200) and emotion conflict (N400) will be induced, and the purchase motivation (LPP) cannot be aroused. Conclusion Consumers’ preferences for luxury brands are based on the satisfaction of their social goals. These social goals always coexist and perform as compensation with each other. The dissatisfaction of one social goal would promote their expectation of the satisfaction of another social goal.

Photo-immunotherapy taking advantages of the immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by photothermal therapy (PTT) to facilitate the systemic anti-tumor immunity has been exploited as a promising therapeutic approach for cancer. However, this kind of in situ tumor vaccine is of less efficacy due to the anisotropic immunogenicity profiles of dying cells after PTT. Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to activate the necroptosis, a programmed cell death with intense immunogenicity, in photothermal ablated cells by easily modulating the PTT parameters, which enables the optimal ICD for anti-tumor immunity. As an emerging 2D nanomaterial, black phosphorus (BP) serves as the near-infrared (NIR)-responsive nanoagent to trigger PTT. Necroptosis in ablated tumor cells is confirmed by the high expression of key proteins in necroptotic pathway. The necroptotic cells also exhibit considerable immunogenicity by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns to potentiate the immune responses. Further an immunologic adjuvant is grafted onto the BP nanosheets and the high-performance cancer photo-immunotherapy is achieved. This easy-to-access photo-immunotherapeutic strategy by in situ photothermal activation of necroptosis supplies new insights in the treatment of cancer.

With economic development, ports assume more responsibilities. However, the level of coordination between ports and hinterlands in my country’s inland river ports needs to be improved. By constructing a comprehensive evaluation system of port energy level-hinterland economic system, entropy method and coupling coordination Degree model for coordination analysis. The article takes Chongqing Port as an example to study the characteristics of coordinated development between port energy level and hinterland economy from 2010 to 2019. The results found that: 1) The coordination evaluation model effectively reflects the development status of Chongqing Port in the past 10 years; 2) With the increase of time, the port energy level and hinterland economic level of Chongqing Port are in a relatively stable state of improvement; 3) Port energy The degree of coordinated development between the economic system of the Hinterland and the hinterland shows a steady upward trend overall, but there is still room for improvement.

An asymmetric hexagon structure is designed on the micrometer scale to fabricate a narrow-band reflection filter in the long wavelength infrared band. By rotating the hexagon structure 20 degrees, a single narrow-band resonance can be achieved at 7. 99 μ m with high reflectivity of 92% and Q value of 200 simultaneously. The spectral resolution is 40 nm, and the average reflectivity exceeds 90%. By changing the size of the unit cell through a scaling factor k, it can filter across 8- 12 μ m (25 THz–37.5 THz). The dephasing time of the proposed filter is 1.7 ps. We also studied the filtering properties of the proposed filter with significant figure of merit and insertion losses. The average figure of merit can reach 300, and the insignificant insertion loss is only 0.4 dB. The subwavelength filter structure consists of a periodic array of dielectric substrates made of BaF2 and hexagon structure made of Ge with low intrinsic loss, which requires very few layers compared to traditional filters with multilayer films. In addition, the proposed structure is independent to the angles of the incident light. Moreover, it possesses a good tolerance of rounding issue in micro-fabrication process. The position of the center wavelength of the spectra has hardly shift when the sharp vertices become round. The structure can be applied in biosensor and hyperspectral imaging systems.

Photo-immunotherapy taking advantages of the immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by photothermal therapy (PTT) to facilitate the systemic anti-tumor immunity has been exploited as a promising therapeutic approach for cancer. However, this kind of in situ tumor vaccine is of less efficacy due to the anisotropic immunogenicity profiles of dying cells after PTT. Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to activate the necroptosis, a programmed cell death with intense immunogenicity, in photothermal ablated cells by easily modulating the PTT parameters, which enables the optimal ICD for anti-tumor immunity. As an emerging 2D nanomaterial, black phosphorus (BP) serves as the near-infrared (NIR)-responsive nanoagent to trigger PTT. Necroptosis in ablated tumor cells is confirmed by the high expression of key proteins in necroptotic pathway. The necroptotic cells also exhibit considerable immunogenicity by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns to potentiate the immune responses. Further an immunologic adjuvant is grafted onto the BP nanosheets and the high-performance cancer photo-immunotherapy is achieved. This easy-to-access photo-immunotherapeutic strategy by in situ photothermal activation of necroptosis supplies new insights in the treatment of cancer.

This paper proposes a structure for conversion of AC lines to DC lines, which is named the three-wire bipole structure (TWBS). The structure and operating principle of TWBS are described firstly, followed by the description of the action sequence of the auxiliary equipment, the analysis of the transmission capacity and the realization of current regulation controller. According to the characteristics of TWBS, its application modes in MTDC and DC grids are presented. The simulation results of a three-terminal MTDC with TWBS show the feasibility of application of TWBS in MTDC and verify the externally nearly constant DC voltage and DC current characteristics of TWBS.

In machine learning and data mining tasks, feature selection is an important process of data preprocessing. Recent studies have shown that Binary Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Feature Selection (BCS [1]) has the better ability to classification and dimension reduction. However, by analyzing BCS algorithm, we notice that the randomness of initialization and the defects of fitness function severely weaken the classification performance and dimension reduction. Therefore, we propose a new feature selection algorithm FS\(\_\)CSO, which adopts the chaotic properties of the Chebyshev as a new initialization strategy to get the better original populations (solutions), and combines the information gain and the L1-norm as a new fitness function to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm. We validate FS\(\_\)CSO with various experimental data on small, medium and large datasets on the UCI dataset. In the experiment, FS\(\_\)CSO uses the KNN, J48 and SVM classifiers to guide the learning process. The experimental results show that FS\(\_\)CSO has a significant improvement in classification performance and dimension reduction. Comparing the FS\(\_\)CSO algorithm with the more efficient feature selection algorithms proposed in recent years, FS\(\_\)CSO is highly competitive in terms of accuracy and dimension reduction.