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Aim Methods Results Conclusion Kumazasa leaves have long been used in Japan as a folk remedy to treat anorexia, fatigue, bad breath, body odor, and stomatitis. In this study, we investigated whether kumazasa extract has a hair growth effect.Using human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC), we investigated the cell proliferation effect of kumazasa extract and the expression induction effect of aquaporin 1 (AQP1). We also used minoxidil as a positive control, applied kumazasa extract to mice that had been depilated, and investigated whether it had a hair growth effect and a side effect of causing inflammation.Kumazasa extract was found to promote HFDPC proliferation and increase AQP1 expression per cell. This effect was similar to that of epidermal growth factor (EGF). When kumazasa extract was applied to a mouse model, it showed a hair growth effect equivalent to that of minoxidil. Meanwhile, an inflammatory response was observed in the minoxidil group but not in the kumazasa group.KumazasaKumazasa extract has a hair growth effect without causing inflammation. It was suggested that this effect may be related to the proliferation‐promoting effect of kumazasa extract on HFDPC. The causal relationship between the proliferation‐promoting effect of kumazasa extract on HFDPC and the AQP1 expression‐enhancing effect could not be clarified in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Androgenic alopecia (AGA) affects both men and women worldwide. New blood vessel formation can restore blood supply and stimulate the hair regrowth cycle. Recently, our group reported that 2-deoxy-D-ribose (2dDR) is 80%–90% as effective as VEGF in the stimulation of neovascularization in in vitro models and in a chick bioassay. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of 2dDR on hair growth. We prepared an alginate gel containing 2dDR, polypropylene glycol, and phenoxyethanol. AGA was developed in C57BL6 mice by intraperitoneally injecting testosterone (TE). A dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated group was used as a negative control, a minoxidil group was used as a positive control, and we included groups treated with 2dDR gel and a combination of 2dDR and minoxidil. Each treatment was applied for 20 days. Both groups treated with 2dDR gel and minoxidil stimulated the morphogenesis of hair follicles. H&E-stained skin sections of C57BL/6 mice demonstrated an increase in length, diameter, hair follicle density, anagen/telogen ratio, diameter of hair follicles, area of the hair bulb covered in melanin, and an increase in the number of blood vessels. Masson's trichrome staining showed an increase in the area of the hair bulb covered in melanin. The effects of the FDA-approved drug (minoxidil) on hair growth were similar to those of 2dDR (80%–90%). No significant benefit were observed by applying a combination of minoxidil with 2dDR. We conclude that 2dDR gel has potential for the treatment of androgenic alopecia and possibly other alopecia conditions where stimulation of hair regrowth is desirable, such as after chemotherapy. The mechanism of activity of 2dDR remains to be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain, detected by nociceptors, is an integral part of injury, yet whether and how it can impact tissue physiology and recovery remain understudied. Here, we applied chemogenetics in mice to locally activate dermal TRPV1 innervations in naive skin and found that it triggered new regenerative cycling by dormant hair follicles (HFs). This was preceded by rapid apoptosis of dermal macrophages, mediated by the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). TRPV1 activation also triggered a macrophage-dependent induction of osteopontin (Spp1)-expressing dermal fibroblasts. The neuropeptide CGRP and the extracellular matrix protein Spp1 were required for the nociceptor-triggered hair growth. Finally, we showed that epidermal abrasion injury induced Spp1-expressing dermal fibroblasts and hair growth via a TRPV1 neuron and CGRP-dependent mechanism. Collectively, these data demonstrated a role for TRPV1 nociceptors in orchestrating a macrophage and fibroblast-supported mechanism to promote hair growth and enabling the efficient restoration of this mechano- and thermo-protective barrier after wounding. [Display omitted] • Activation of cutaneous TRPV1 innervations accelerated hair growth in naive skin • TRPV1 activation induced a rapid apoptosis of dermal macrophages via CGRP • TRPV1 activation triggered the expansion of Spp1-expressing dermal fibroblasts • TRPV1, CGRP, and Spp1 expression control hair regrowth after skin abrasion Ben-Shaanan et al. demonstrate a cellular pathway causally connecting pain-mediating cutaneous TRPV1 innervations with accelerated hair growth in naive skin, as well as hair regrowth after epidermal abrasion. This cellular pathway involves dermal macrophage apoptosis triggered by the neuropeptide CGRP, followed by a macrophage-dependent increase in the frequency of fibroblasts expressing the hair growth-promoting factor Spp1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The desire for improved hair appearance, hair growth and strength are common drivers of supplementation for women experiencing thinning hair. This study examined the effect and safety of a gummy supplement containing B vitamins, zinc and botanical ingredients to improve hair growth, strength and perceived hair quality outcomes. METHODS: Healthy females (n=65) ages 18 to 60 with thinning hair were enrolled. After obtaining consent, subjects were evaluated for hair density and tensile strength, then randomized to either a placebo or test product. The test product consisted of two gummies consumed daily. Subjects returned after six months and were again evaluated using phototrichogram for hair density and tensile strength assessment and completed a Self-Assessment Questionnaire reporting hair quality outcomes. RESULTS: Subjects who consumed the test product showed increased hair density between baseline and 6 months (10.1% increase, p<0.001) as well as compared to placebo (2% decrease) (p<0.001). Hair strength tensile measurements were improved in the test group from baseline (10.2% improvement, p<0.002) compared to placebo (9.3% improvement), yet the difference was not statistically significant between groups. Self-assessed improvements in shedding, strength, breakage and brightness were noted compared to the placebo group (p<0.05). There were no adverse events or reactions. LIMITATIONS: This study did not assess hair for longer than a six-month period and utilized subject perception for outcomes that differ from clinical assessments. CONCLUSION: Daily use of a dietary supplement gummy was associated with significant improvement in hair growth as well as self-assessed improvements in hair strength, shedding, and appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosa rugosa is a medicinal plant known for its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial benefits. The pharmacological effects of Rosa rugosa extract on hair loss have not yet been documented. This research sought to assess the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of action of Rosa rugosa water extract (RWE) in a mouse model of dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced alopecia. The study was conducted using C57BL/6 mice, which were assigned to five groups: control, DHT-treated, Rosa rugosa water extract (RWE) at doses of 25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight, and bicalutamide-treated. To induce hair loss, dihydrotestosterone (1 mg/day per body weight) was administered via intraperitoneal injections, and dorsal hair removal was timed to align with the telogen phase. Each group received oral treatments for a period of 23 days. In this study, we assessed hair growth activity, examined histological changes, and performed immunoblot analysis. We noted improvements in hair length and thickness. Additionally, the protein expression of growth factors associated with hair growth, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), showed significant increases in the group treated with RWE. Additionally, treatment with RWE suppressed the protein expression of hair growth inhibitory factors, including dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1) and interleukin (IL)-6. Moreover, hair growth regulatory pathway related factors, including ERK, AKT, and GSK-3β, were activated. These findings indicate that RWE could serve as a promising natural therapy for preventing hair loss by enhancing the production of factors that promote hair growth while inhibiting those that suppress it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Trifolium pratense L. (Red clover) belongs to the Leguminosae family. This study was designed to develop transferosome formulations containing red clover extract or caffeine alone or in combination and evaluate their effects on hair growth in mice. Materials and Methods: Thin-lipid film hydration technique was used to make transferosomes. Six groups (n=6) of male Swiss mice (28-32 g) were used. One group was normal control. The second group received transferosome without drug. Groups 3 to 5 received 100 µl of transferosomes containing red clover extract (1%) or caffeine (0.002%) alone or in combination. The sixth group received minoxidil (2%). Treatments continued six days per week for 3 weeks and each week, the hair growth scores were recorded. At the end, sections of the skin were prepared for determining the percent of follicles in the anagen phase. Results: Encapsulation efficiency was 84.3, 81.6 and 89.1% for red clover, caffeine and red clover+caffeine transferosomes respectively. After 24 hr, the cumulative release of red clover and caffeine formulations was 77.6 and 76.9%, respectively. Treatments produced no significant change in hair growth after two weeks but at the end of the third week, all treatments significantly increased the hair growth and the effects were comparable with minoxidil. The combination of red clover and caffeine was not more effective than either alone. Conclusion: Transferosome formulations of caffeine and red clover alone demonstrated hair growth effect but their combination had no additive effect which might be due to a physicochemical or pharmacodynamic interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is common. While topical minoxidil remains the only FDA‐approved therapeutic for AGA, its efficacy is limited in stimulating clinically significant hair regrowth over the longer term. Oral minoxidil, which is used off‐label, is a promising alternative; however, its effectiveness and underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation. Aims: To elucidate the site of action and infer the physiological mechanisms underlying therapeutic responses to oral minoxidil in patients with AGA. Methods: Forty‐one patients with AGA underwent 6 months of low‐dose oral minoxidil treatment. Minoxidil sulfotransferase (SULT) activity was assayed in plucked scalp hair follicles. The primary outcome was hair growth after low‐dose oral minoxidil treatment for a minimum of 6 months, and the secondary outcome was SULT activity in hair follicles. Results: After 6 months of treatment, 26 (63.4%) patients experienced a clinical improvement in alopecia symptoms. The response rate was higher in men (19/26 [73.1%]) than in women (6/15 [40.0%]). Patients with low hair follicle SULT activity demonstrated a higher minoxidil response rate than those with high enzyme activity (85% vs. 43%, p = 0.009). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that low SULT activity within the hair follicles is associated with a favorable response to oral minoxidil therapy in patients with AGA. Further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms could significantly improve personalized therapeutic approaches through improved patient selection and the rational design of adjuvant treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of rose stem cell-derived exosomes for hair regeneration enhancement in androgenetic alopecia (AGA) through noninvasive electroporation. A 54-year-old male with AGA received treatment with exosomes and electroporation, resulting in significant improvements in hair density, thickness, and regrowth. The study highlights the potential of plant stem cell-derived exosomes in promoting hair health and suggests noninvasive delivery as a promising treatment option for AGA. However, further research is needed to validate the findings and explore the long-term effects and cost-effectiveness of this treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent form of hair loss that affects both men and women, severely impacting patients' quality of life. Traditional treatments include oral medications, topical medications, and hair transplantation, but these methods have certain side effects and limitations. How to safely effectively and maximally promote hair growth has been a key issue in the treatment of AGA. In recent years, fractionated laser therapy, as a noninvasive method, has gradually gained attention due to its minimally invasive and highly effective nature. Aims: In this paper, we summarized the studies related to fractional laser treatment of AGA in the past 15 years, and discussed its therapeutic mechanism, clinical effect, future development direction, and advantages and disadvantages compared with traditional treatment methods in the treatment of AGA. Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus. All available articles studying fractional laser treatment of AGA were compiled in March 2024. Titles and abstracts were then screened for relevance and thoroughly examined for patient clinical outcomes. Prospective clinical trials, retrospective chart reviews, case series, and individual case reports were included in the literature review. Conclusions: Fractional laser treatment of AGA showed remarkable efficacy and high safety. Compared with traditional treatments, fractional laser has the advantages of minimally invasive, quick recovery, fewer side effects, and a wide range of population applicability, providing an effective treatment option for AGA patients. Further large‐scale clinical studies will help optimize the laser parameters and treatment settings to improve the therapeutic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Collagen, a key protein in the body maintains hair, skin and bone health and its production tends to decrease in synthesis as humans age. The demand for vegan collagen‐builder has increased worldwide due to increased adaptability to vegan diet. Objective: This clinical study was designed aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vegan collagen builder (VEGCOL™️) at different dosages (2.5, 5, and 10 g) in adult participants. Methods: Total 66 subjects (22 subjects/dose) aged 30 to 50 years were enrolled, and 63 subjects completed the study. Duration of study was 60 days. Evaluations included change in skin elasticity, hydration, crow's feet area wrinkles, fine lines, skin, Glogau skin age, change in pain scale score, muscle strength and subject perception assessment about test treatment use. Results: After 60 days of treatment, there was significant improvement in hair growth rate by 45.01%, 38.54% and 50.37% with p < 0.01 for doses 2.5, 5, and 10 g respectively. Additionally, 19.64% (p < 0.0001) and 20.51% (p < 0.0001) increase in hair density and hair thickness respectively was observed with 10 g dose. 2.5 g dose resulted in 33.03% (p < 0.01) increase in skin smoothness and 49.94% (p < 0.0001) decrease in crow's feet area wrinkles, decreased retraction time by 21.71 milliseconds (p < 0.05). 52.54% reduction in pain score (p < 0.001). No any adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Vegan collagen‐builder effectively improved multiple age‐related concerns such as wrinkles, fine lines, joint pain, muscle strength and hair growth. All respondents perceived the product as beneficial in improving the aesthetics of the skin, hair, and nails. The findings support the use of vegan collagen‐builder as safe and efficacious in promoting healthier skin, stronger muscles, and improved hair and nail conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology explores global research trends and hotspots in the application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to hair growth from 2006 to 2023. PRP, known for its high concentration of growth factors and cytokines, is used in various medical fields, including hair loss treatments. The study reveals a significant increase in publications on PRP for hair growth research, focusing on its mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, and the need for standardized protocols. Leading countries in this research area include the United States, India, China, and Italy, with a recent shift towards evidence-based guidelines and systematic reviews to advance the field. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between homocysteine (HCY) and androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Methods: A case control study and two observational experiments on mice were conducted. In the first part, a total of 528 Chinese AGA patients and 500 age‐matched healthy controls were included. Serum HCY levels of AGA and controls were compared. In the second part, eight mice were divided into two groups. Both groups of mice had their hair removed. AGA group received a DHT injection, and the other as control group. HCY levels in hair follicles (HFs) were detected by ELISA and compared. In the third part, twelve mice were divided into three groups and fed with different concentrations of methionine. After 4 weeks, serum HCY levels, parameters related to hair growth through observation and HE staining, and expression of immunohistochemistry (IHC) hair‐growth‐related markers Ki67, VEGF, IGF‐1, Krt27, FGF9, and TGF‐β1 were compared among the three groups. Results: In the first part, HCY levels were higher in AGA than the controls of both genders. However, there was no difference in HCY levels between groups with varying severity. Rates of hyperhomocysteinemia was higher in AGA patients than the controls. Logistic regression analysis showed serum HCY levels was positively correlated with the incidence of AGA. In the second part, HCY of the HFs in the AGA group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The third part showed that the increase in serum HCY levels inhibited the growth of mice hair, with the less expressed stimulative markers Ki67, VEGF, IGF‐1, Krt27, and FGF9, while there was no difference in the expression of inhibitory markers TGF‐β1. Conclusion: There is a potential relationship between HCY and AGA. HCY had an inhibitory effect on hair growth. Further studies are necessary to explore the specific mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The terms "onychofibroblast" (nail‐specific fibroblast) and onychodermis (nail‐specific dermis) were first introduced in 2006 and 2012, respectively, based on distinctive histologic and immunohistochemical features from the dermis of the surrounding skin and have been demonstrated in multiple studies. Recently, based on molecular research, the definition of onychodermis containing onychofibroblasts has been expanded to encompass the area located between the nail matrix and bed epithelium and periosteum. Single‐cell RNA sequencing and in situ hybridization demonstrated that onychofibroblasts within the onychodermis express the genes including RSPO4, MSX1, WIF‐1, and BMP5, which are implicated in nail formation and/or in disorders with nail phenotype. A mutation in RSPO4, a component of the Wnt signaling pathway, causes anonychia congenita. Nail matrix onychodermis and nail bed onychodermis share many similar characteristics which differ from the surrounding normal dermis of the skin. Comparative spatial transcriptomic and single‐cell analyses of human nail units and hair follicles suggest that onychodermis is the counterpart of follicular dermal papilla, which plays a key role in hair follicle growth and morphogenesis. Onychomatricoma, as a nail‐specific tumor, has been demonstrated to be a mesenchymal tumor that originates from onychofibroblasts and is associated with the upregulation of Wnt signaling. Collectively, the onychodermis and onychofibroblasts play crucial roles in nail development and these specialized nail mesenchymal elements are key components in the pathogenesis of onychomatricoma. The concept of onychodermis containing onychofibroblasts is very important for nail biology and pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioactive compounds in herbal extracts may provide effective hair loss treatments with fewer side effects compared to synthetic medicines. This study evaluated the effects of Buebang 3 CMU and Sanpatong rice bran extracts, macerated with dichloromethane or 95% ethanol, on hair growth promotion and hair loss prevention. Overall, Buebang 3 CMU extracts contained significantly higher levels of bioactive compounds, including γ-oryzanol, tocopherols, and various polyphenols such as phytic acid, ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid, compared to Sanpatong extracts. Additionally, ethanolic extracts demonstrated greater bioactive content and antioxidant activities than those extracted with dichloromethane. These compounds enhanced the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) by 124.28 ± 1.08% (p < 0.05) and modulated anti-inflammatory pathways by reducing nitrite production to 3.20 ± 0.36 µM (p < 0.05). Key hair growth signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin (CTNNB1), Sonic Hedgehog (SHH, SMO, GLI1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were activated by approximately 1.5-fold to 2.5-fold compared to minoxidil. Also, in both human prostate cancer (DU-145) and HFDPC cells, the ethanolic Buebang 3 CMU extract (Et-BB3-CMU) suppressed SRD5A1, SRD5A2, and SRD5A3 expression—key pathways in hair loss—by 2-fold and 1.5-fold more than minoxidil and finasteride, respectively. These findings suggest that Et-BB3-CMU holds promise for promoting hair growth and preventing hair loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been demonstrated that CXCL12 inhibits hair growth via CXCR4, and its neutralizing antibody (Ab) increases hair growth in alopecia areata (AA). However, the molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we further prepared humanized CXCL12 Ab for AA treatment and investigated underlying molecular mechanisms using single-cell RNA sequencing. Subcutaneous injection of humanized CXCL12 Ab significantly delayed AA onset in mice, and dorsal skin was analyzed. T cells and dendritic cells/ macrophages were increased in the AA model, but decreased after CXCL12 Ab treatment. Pseudobulk RNA sequencing identified 153 differentially expressed genes that were upregulated in AA model and downregulated after Ab treatment. Gene ontology analysis revealed that immune cell chemotaxis and cellular response to type II interferon were upregulated in AA model but downregulated after Ab treatment. We further identified key immune cellrelated genes such as Ifng, Cd8a, Ccr5, Ccl4, Ccl5, and Il21r, which were colocalized with Cxcr4 in T cells and regulated by CXCL12 Ab treatment. Notably, CD8+ T cells were significantly increased and activated via Jak/Stat pathway in the AA model but inactivated after CXCL12 Ab treatment. Collectively, these results indicate that humanized CXCL12 Ab is promising for AA treatment via immune modulatory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The growth of secondary hair follicles (SHFs) in cashmere goats has periodic changes, including telogen, anagen, and catagen, during which proteins play important roles as the executor of life activities. Results: In this study, the skin tissues of cashmere goats at three different growth stages of SHFs were collected for proteome sequencing and validation experiments. Through protein differential expression analysis and time series analysis, FKBP prolyl isomerase 10 (FKBP10) and fibrillin 2 (FBN2) were screened as the key proteins for SHF cycle growth of cashmere goats, and albumin (ALB), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) and elastin (ELN) were predicted to be their interacting proteins. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT- PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry experiments showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of FKBP10, FBN2, COL1A1, ELN and ALB were higher in anagen and lower in telogen. They were all highly expressed in the outer root sheath of SHFs in anagen. Conclusion: FKBP10, FBN2, COL1A1, ELN, and ALB can promote the growth of SHFs in cashmere goats. This study lays the foundation for analyzing the growth cycle regulatory mechanism of SHFs in cashmere goats, and provides new ideas for further improving cashmere yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is commonly known as male patterned baldness. A high level of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) plays a significant role in AGA development. Inhibition of the enzyme steroid 5-alpha reductase (S5AR), responsible for converting testosterone into DHT, has been shown to delay the progression of AGA. Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) leaf extract exhibited a potent S5AR inhibitory activity. To prove the effectiveness and safety of teak leaf extract as a hair growth promotor, a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Methods: Eighty-one AGA subjects were randomly assigned to receive either a hair tonic containing 1% teak leaf extract (HT-teak), 5%minoxidil (positive control), or a placebo administered twice daily, for 24 weeks. Efficacy was assessed through target area hair count (TAHC), anagen-to-telogen ratio (A/T), hair shedding every 4 weeks, and patients' subjective assessments of hair regrowth were assessed at the end of the experiment. Data was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. Results: Both the HT-teak and minoxidil groups exhibited a significant increase in TAHC and A/T, along with a decrease in hair shedding compared to baseline values. Conversely, the placebo group showed no observable signs of hair regrowth. Furthermore, the HT-teak group reported the highest satisfaction scores, and there were no indications of skin irritation or systemic effects on sexual dysfunction and palpitation after 24 weeks of HT-teak application. Conclusion: Teak leaf extract, as incorporated in HT-teak, demonstrates potential as an alternative mild hair growth promoter for individuals with AGA, offering both efficacy and safety. Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered on International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN.com); ISRCTN24541842 (registered on January 8, 2024). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxytocin has various effects ranging from promoting labor in pregnant women to alleviating stress. Recently, we reported the hair growth-promoting effects of oxytocin in hair follicle organoids. However, its clinical application faces challenges such as rapid degradation in vivo and poor permeability due to its large molecular weight. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) agonists WAY267464 and LIT001 as alternatives to oxytocin on hair growth. Human dermal papilla (DP) cells were cultured in WAY267464 or LIT001-supplemented medium. The addition of WAY267464 and LIT001 increased the expression of hair growth-related genes in DP cells. We tested the hair growth-promoting effects of WAY267464 and LIT001 using hair follicle organoids in vitro and found that they significantly promoted hair follicle sprouting. Thus, our findings indicate that WAY267464 and LIT001 are potential hair growth agents and may encourage further research on the development of novel hair growth agents targeting OXTR in patients with alopecia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background And Aims: Root hair emergence is affected by heterogeneities in water availability in the growth medium. Root hairs preferentially emerge into air, whereas their emergence into water is inhibited. Yet, these results were based either on destructive methods or on roots grown on an agar-air interface. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge about the spatial distribution of root hairs as hairs elongate radially across the rhizosphere. Therefore, root hair growth in soils remains largely unexplored. Methods: Maize (Zea Mays L.) plants were grown in microcosms which were scanned with a synchrotron-based X-ray μ CT. The distribution of root hairs along the root epidermis and radially across the rhizosphere (i.e. as function of distance from the root epidermis) was analysed using spatial point pattern analysis. Results: While hairs emerged randomly in air-filled pores, their emergence was inhibited where the root was in contact with the soil matrix. As hairs elongated radially into the soil, they were preferentially located in the close proximity of soil particles. In maize, we rarely observed root hairs penetrating into soil aggregates. Conclusion: We conclude that in maize, root hairs grow in air-filled pores at the root-soil interface, where the flow of nutrients and water is impeded. Across the rhizosphere, hairs establish contact to the soil by growing in the proximity to soil particles. The effect of hairs on uptake processes, plant anchorage and rhizosheath formation might be limited (in maize) as they hardly penetrate into soil aggregates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The dermal papilla (DP) is a specialized mesenchymal compartment that forms at the base of the hair follicle. It acts as a signaling center that regulates hair growth, shape, size, and color. Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) exhibit stem cell properties and show significant potential for use in cell therapy. They can be induced into other functional cells, regenerate skin tissues and new hair follicles when combined with epithelial stem cells, and promote hair growth and wound healing when administered on the skin. This review summarizes the functions of DPs in the hair follicle, shows how DPCs could be used in cell therapy, and discusses the challenges and recent advances in the field, from basic research to translational applications. As an appendage of the skin, hair protects against ultraviolet radiation and mechanical damage and regulates body temperature. It also reflects an individual's health status and serves as an important method of expressing personality. Hair loss and graying are significant psychosocial burdens for many people. Hair is produced from hair follicles, which are exclusively controlled by the dermal papilla (DP) at their base. The dermal papilla cells (DPCs) comprise a cluster of specialized mesenchymal cells that induce the formation of hair follicles during early embryonic development through interaction with epithelial precursor cells. They continue to regulate the growth cycle, color, size, and type of hair after the hair follicle matures by secreting various factors. DPCs possess stem cell characteristics and can be cultured and expanded in vitro. DPCs express numerous stemness-related factors, enabling them to be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using only two, or even one, Yamanaka factor. DPCs are an important source of skin-derived precursors (SKPs). When combined with epithelial stem cells, they can reconstitute skin and hair follicles, participating in the regeneration of the dermis, including the DP and dermal sheath. When implanted between the epidermis and dermis, DPCs can induce the formation of new hair follicles on hairless skin. Subcutaneous injection of DPCs and their exosomes can promote hair growth. This review summarizes the in vivo functions of the DP; highlights the potential of DPCs in cell therapy, particularly for the treatment of hair loss; and discusses the challenges and recent advances in the field, from basic research to translational applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic stress is a common cause of hair loss, involving inflammatory responses and changes in cellular signaling pathways. This study explores the mechanism of action of the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling axis in chronic stress-induced hair loss. The research indicates that SDF-1 promotes hair follicle growth through the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes in the skin of normal and stressed mice, with key genes SDF-1/CXCR4 selected through machine learning and a protein-protein interaction network established. A chronic stress mouse model was created, with injections of SDF-1 and AMD3100 administered to observe hair growth, weight changes, and behavioral alterations and validate hair follicle activity. Skin SDF-1 concentrations were measured, differentially expressed genes were screened, and pathways were enriched. Activation of the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT signaling pathways was assessed, and siRNA technology was used in vitro to inhibit the expression of SDF-1 or CXCR4. SDF-1 promoted hair follicle activity, with the combined injection of SDF-1 and AMD3100 weakening this effect. The activation of the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT signaling pathways was observed in the SDF-1 injection group, confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Silencing SDF-1 through siRNA-mediated inhibition reduced cell proliferation and migration abilities. SDF-1 promotes hair growth in chronic stress mice by activating the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT pathways, an effect reversible by AMD3100. The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target for stress-induced hair loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is women's most common form of alopecia. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of extracorporeal shock waves for hair growth and regeneration in women with FPHL. Methods: A prospective single‐center noncontrolled study was conducted in patients with FPHL who underwent eight treatment sessions with C‐Actor, a shock wave applicator. Outcome measures included total hair count, number of follicular units (FUs)—single FUs, double FUs, triple and bigger FUs—the average thickness, cumulative hair thickness, and changes in the Derived Sinclair scale, assessed with Tricholab (Fotofinder System). Patients completed a survey to assess their subjective perceptions of hair improvement regarding softness, hair loss, quality, and volume. Results: Twenty women were included with a mean age of 43 (SD = 5.65). The mean increase in total hair count was 8.9% (p < 0.00001), in number of FUs 4.6% (p = 0.00031), in number of triple and bigger FUs 18.4% (p = 0.0004), in cumulative hair thickness 8.0% (p < 0.00001), with a decrease of 5.7% in mean Derived Sinclair scale value by 2.2–2.1 (p < 0.0001). After 3 months, 85% of patients perceived improvement in hair volume. Conclusion: Extracorporeal shock waves for hair growth and capillary regeneration in women with FPHL showed statistically significant outcomes, and all patients reported an improvement in hair characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are located at the bottom of the hair follicle and play a critical role in hair growth, shape, and cycle. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways are essential in promoting keratinocyte activation as well as hair follicle formation in DPCs. Piperonylic acid is a small molecule that induces EGFR activation in keratinocytes. However, the effects of piperonylic acid on DPCs in regard to the stimulation of hair growth have not been studied. In the present study, piperonylic acid was shown to activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in addition to the EGFR signaling pathway in DPCs. Piperonylic acid suppressed DKK1 expression, which presumably promoted the accumulation of β-catenin in the nucleus. In addition, piperonylic acid promoted cyclin D upregulation and cell growth and increased the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a DPC marker. In a clinical study, the group that applied a formulation containing piperonylic acid had a significantly higher number of hairs per unit area than the placebo group. These results identify piperonylic acid as a promising new candidate for hair loss treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the escalating prevalence of hair loss, the demand for effective hair loss treatment has surged. This study evaluated the effects of hot water extract of Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. leaf (WHS) on hair growth, employing cell cultures, mice, and human skin organoid models. Both WHS and hydrangenol were found to enhance 5α-reductase inhibitory activity. WHS and hydrangenol have been shown to stimulate dermal papilla cell (DPC) growth, potentially through factors like keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). They also elevated the expression levels of keratin genes (K31 and K85) and the ceramide synthase (CerS3) gene, crucial clinical indicators of hair health. Furthermore, they exhibited notable anti-inflammatory and anti-androgenic properties by reducing the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and androgen signaling molecules, including androgen receptor (AR) and dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) gene expression. Oral administration of WHS to C57BL/6 mice for 3 weeks confirmed its hair growth-promoting effects, improving hair growth parameters and gene expression without significant changes in hair weight. Additionally, in a human skin organoid model, WHS was found to stimulate hair formation and augment the expression of follicle markers. These findings position WHS as a promising nutraceutical for promoting hair health, as evidenced by its efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal healing following skin injury, such as slow healing and scar formation, can significantly affect an individual's life. Complex treatment methods and cumbersome instruments have reduced the efficacy of treating such diseases. In this study, a novel biocompatible liquid metal (LM) composite wound dressing (LGPU) is designed by synthesizing polyurea polyurethane (PU) and blending it with LM modified with glutathione (GSH), a bioactive three‐peptide compound. The effects of external electrical stimulation (ES) on wound‐induced hair follicle neogenesis are explored. The dressings exhibited a few important properties, including conductivity, high stretchability, recyclability, and, most importantly, excellent self‐healing capacity, owing to the liquid nature of the LM fillers and the highly dynamic characteristics of hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the combination therapy with LGPU and ES promoted fibroblast migration and accelerated wound healing. The wounds treated with the combination therapy fully healed in nine days, while the wounds in the blank group are still in a scabbing state. Remarkably, this treatment method can activate the regeneration and healthy growth of hair follicles at the site of injury, which is beneficial for reducing wound scarring. Collectively, this innovative therapy provides a facile strategy to accelerate skin wound healing and achieve scar‐free repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molting is an evolutionarily ancient trait in which the outermost layer of an organism is replenished, usually according to a regular circannual rhythm. It is a metabolically costly process and, in vertebrates, is generally timed around other energetically demanding events such as reproduction and migration. In mammals, molting involves replacement of the fur coat—one of the most distinct innovations of the mammalian lineage. Despite the obvious importance of hair to mammalian fitness, our knowledge of hair growth cycles, circannual molting patterns, and hair structure remains largely restricted to marine and domesticated mammals, and our ability to identify explicit adaptive advantages of molting strategies in any mammal is therefore limited. In this review, we summarize what is known of these topics in wild, terrestrial mammals with a particular emphasis on marmots (Marmota spp.). Marmots are the largest extant ground squirrels and are well adapted to seasonally cold environments. Molting may be particularly relevant to fitness in marmots given the presumed importance of a healthy, insulative coat for metabolic efficiency in cold environments. Moreover, marmots hibernate for 7 to 8 months each year, meaning the annual molt and all other energetically demanding life-history events (such as parturition, lactation, fat accumulation, and dispersal) are constrained to an active period of only 4 to 5 months. Because the energetics of hibernation, fat accumulation, reproduction, and social behavior are already well studied, examining how molt is timed with respect to other important events and how it is influenced by local conditions may inform how molting is prioritized and how molting strategies evolve under specific selective pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of hair loss that affects over 50% of the world population. It is a condition that is multifactorial in origin, with no specific causative factor, making treatment an enervating experience for the patient as well as the doctor. In recent times, a number of modalities have been introduced for the treatment of alopecia. However, the evidence supporting them is unstructured and sparse. Therefore, this article aims to explore the current trends in minimally invasive treatments for the management of androgenetic alopecia. Methods: An in‐depth literature search on injectables used in the treatment of alopecia in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, TRIP Cochrane Library, and Cochrane Skin databases between January 2000 and May 2023 was performed. The studies included were randomized controlled trials, non‐randomized trials, quasi trials, single arm interventions, and cohort studies. Results: Sixteen of the 1071 studies that were found during the original search were accepted in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Twelve studies assessed the effectiveness of the injectable group by comparing it to a control group consisting of saline, distilled water, and topical minoxidil. In the treatment of alopecia, dutasteride and injectable growth factor formulations achieved clinically significant results. Conclusion: The usage of injectables and topical medicines to treat hair loss has increased in the recent years. Overall results from clinical investigations, pilot studies, and trials looking at the efficacy and safety of these growth factors in the AGA show satisfactory efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surfactin is a natural surfactant almost exclusively produced by Bacillus species with excellent physical‐chemical, and biological properties. Among innovative applications, surfactin has been recently used as an ingredient in formulations. The antibacterial and anti‐acne activities, as well as the anti‐wrinkle, moisturizing, and cleansing features, are some of the reasons this lipopeptide is used in cosmetics. Considering the importance of biosurfactants in the world economy and sustainability, their potential properties for cosmetic and dermatological products, and the importance of patents for technological advancement in a circular bioeconomy system, the present study aims to review all patents involving surfactin as an ingredient in cosmetic formulas. This review was conducted through Espacenet, wherein patents containing the terms "cosmetic" and "surfactin" in their titles, abstracts, or claims were examined. Those patents that detailed a specific surfactin dosage within their formulations were selected for analysis. All patents, irrespective of their publication date, from October 1989 to December 2022, were considered. Additionally, a comprehensive search was performed in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, spanning from their inception until the year 2023. This complementary search aimed to enrich the understanding derived from patents, with a specific emphasis on surfactin, encompassing its associated advantages, efficacy, mechanisms of action on the skin, as well as aspects related to sustainability and its merits in cosmetic formulations. From the 105 patents analysed, 75% belong to Japan (54), China (14), and Korea (9). Most of them were submitted by Asian companies such as Showa Denko (15), Kaneka (11) and Kao Corporation (5). The formulations described are mainly emulsions, skincare, cleansing, and haircare, and the surfactin dose does not exceed 5%. Surfactin appears in different types of formulas worldwide and has a high tendency to be used. Surfactin and other biosurfactants are a promising alternative to chemical ingredients in cosmetic formulations, guaranteeing skin health benefits and minimizing the impact on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Dandruff is characterised by the presence of perivascular leukocytes and mild inflammation; however, the immune microenvironment of dandruff‐affected scalp skin and the potential changes to the hair follicle's (HF) physiological immune privilege (HF IP) remain unknown. Here, we characterised the HF immune microenvironment and immune privilege status in dandruff‐affected scalp skin. Methods: We assessed relevant key parameters in healthy versus dandruff‐affected human scalp biopsies using quantitative immunohistomorphometry, laser capture microdissection, and RNA sequencing. Results: The number of epidermal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was increased in lesional dandruff scalp skin, while the number of MHC class II+/CD1a+ Langerhans cells was decreased in the infundibulum. The number of intrafollicular and perifollicular CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, perifollicular CD68+ macrophages, and tryptase+ mast cells remained unchanged. Interestingly, MHC class Ia and ß2‐microglobulin protein expression were significantly increased specifically in the suprabulbar outer root sheath (ORS) compartment of dandruff‐associated HFs. RNAseq analysis of laser capture micro‐dissected suprabulbar ORS compartment revealed antigen presentation pathway as the top regulated canonical pathway, along with the upregulation of HF‐IP genes such as HLA‐C, HLA‐DP, and TAP1, which are normally down‐regulated in healthy HFs. Intrafollicular protein expression of known HF IP guardians (CD200 and α‐MSH) and 'danger signals' (MICA and CXCL10) remained unaltered at the IP sites of dandruff lesional HFs compared to non‐lesional and healthy HFs. Instead, the expression of macrophage migration inhibiting factor (MIF), another HF IP guardian, was reduced. Conclusion: Together, this work shows that dandruff is associated with epidermal T‐cell infiltration and a weakened HF IP in the suprabulbar ORS of HFs in dandruff lesional scalp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) levels in human hair follicles (HFs) are significantly increased during the anagen phase. • ALDH2 expression is primarily localized in the outer root sheath of human HFs. • Activation of ALDH2 in HFs leads to anagen induction and subsequent hair shaft elongation. • ALDH2 activation triggers reactive oxygen species scavenging in HFs and upregulates β-catenin signaling. • Modulation of ALDH2 may be a promising therapeutic approach for inducing the anagen phase, providing novel insights into the impact of ALDH2 activation on HFs. Hair loss is a common phenomenon associated with various environmental and genetic factors. Mitochondrial dysfunction-induced oxidative stress has been recognized as a crucial determinant of hair follicle (HF) biology. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) mitigates oxidative stress by detoxifying acetaldehyde. This study investigated the potential role of ALDH2 modulation in HF function and hair growth promotion. To evaluate the effects of ALDH2 activation on oxidative stress in HFs and hair growth promotion. The modulatory role of ALDH2 on HFs was investigated using an ALDH2 activator. ALDH2 expression in human HFs was evaluated through in vitro immunofluorescence staining. Ex vivo HF organ culture was employed to assess hair shaft elongation, while the fluorescence probe 2′,7′- dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate was utilized to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS). An in vivo mouse model was used to determine whether ALDH2 activation induces anagen. During the anagen phase, ALDH2 showed significantly higher intensity than that in the telogen phase, and its expression was primarily localized along the outer layer of HFs. ALDH2 activation promoted anagen phase induction by reducing ROS levels and enhancing reactive aldehyde clearance, which indicated that ALDH2 functions as a ROS scavenger within HFs. Moreover, ALDH2 activation upregulated Akt/GSK 3β/β-catenin signaling in HFs. Our findings highlight the hair growth promotion effects of ALDH2 activation in HFs and its potential as a promising therapeutic approach for promoting anagen induction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) exhibit self-recovery ability, which may be involved in hair growth. Therefore, we tested whether DPCs subjected to temporary growth-inhibiting stress (testosterone, 17β-estradiol, mitomycin C, or undernutrition) treatments exhibit self-recovery behavior that can activate hair follicle growth, and examined the changes in cell proliferation capacity and gene expression. Related proteins were identified and their relationships with the hair cycle was examined using a mouse model. Recovery-period DPCs (i.e., from day 3 after loading) were subjected to microarray analysis to detect genetic variations common to each stress treatment. Co-culture of recovery-period DPCs and outer root sheath cells (ORSCs) confirmed the promotion of ORSC proliferation, suggesting that the activation of hair follicle growth is promoted via signal transduction. Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) and C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) exhibited ORSC proliferation-promoting effects. Measurement of protein content in the skin during each phase of the hair cycle in mice revealed that CHI3L1 and CXCL5 secretion increased immediately after anagen transition. In a hair-loss mouse model treated with testosterone or 17β-estradiol, CHI3L1 and CXCL5 secretion was lower in treated telogen skin than in untreated skin. Our results suggest that CHI3L1 and CXCL5 secreted by recovery-state DPCs promote hair growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a genetic condition characterized by an excessive response to androgens, leading to hairline regression in men and hair thinning at the vertex in women, which can negatively impact self-esteem. Conventional synthetic treatments for AGA are often limited by their side effects. In contrast, Thai medicinal plants offer a promising alternative with fewer adverse effects. This study investigates the synergistic phytochemical and pharmacological effects of a novel Hair RiseTM microemulsion, formulated with bioactive extracts from rice bran (Oryza sativa), shallot bulb (Allium ascalonicum), licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), and corn kernels (Zea mays), for the treatment of hair loss. The microemulsion, in concentrations of 50%, 75%, and 100% (v/v), significantly enhanced the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) compared to minoxidil. Additionally, it upregulated critical hair growth signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin (CTNNB1), Sonic Hedgehog (SHH, SMO, GLI1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), surpassing standard controls such as minoxidil and purmorphamine. The microemulsion also demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties by reducing nitric oxide production and oxidative stress, factors that contribute to inflammation and follicular damage in AGA. Furthermore, Hair RiseTM inhibited 5α-reductase (types 1–3), a key enzyme involved in androgen metabolism, in both human prostate cancer cells (DU-145) and HFDPCs. These findings suggest that Hair RiseTM microemulsion presents a promising natural therapy for promoting hair growth and reducing hair loss via multiple synergistic mechanisms, offering a potent, plant-based alternative to synthetic treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mice hair follicles (HFs) are a valuable model for studying various aspects of hair biology, including morphogenesis, development, and regeneration due to their easily observable phenotype and genetic manipulability. The initiation and progression of hair follicle morphogenesis, as well as the hair follicle cycle, are regulated by various signaling pathways, of which the main role is played by the Wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) and the Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP). During the hair follicle cycle, the BMP pathway maintains hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in a dormant state while the Wnt pathway activates them for hair growth. Given the pivotal role of the Wnt pathway in hair biology and HFSCs regulation, we investigated the influence of the Wnt modulator - R-spondin 3 (Rspo3), in these processes. For this purpose, we developed a transgenic mice model with the overexpression of Rspo3 (Rspo3GOF) in the whole ectoderm and its derivatives, starting from early morphogenesis. Rspo3GOF mice exhibited a distinct phenotype with sparse hair and visible bald areas, caused by reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of hair matrix progenitor cells, which resulted in a premature anagen-to-catagen transition with a shortened growth phase and decreased overall length of all hair types. In addition, Rspo3GOF promoted induction of auchene and awl, canonical Wnt-dependent hair type during morphogenesis, but the overall hair amount remained reduced. We also discovered a delay in the prebulge formation during morphogenesis and prolonged immaturity of the HFSC population in the bulge region postnatally, which further impaired proper hair regeneration throughout the mice's lifespan. Our data supported that Rspo3 function observed in our model works in HFSCs' formation of pre-bulge during morphogenesis via enhancing activation of the canonical Wnt pathway, whereas in contrast, in the postnatal immature bulge, activation of canonical Wnt signaling was attenuated. In vitro studies on keratinocytes revealed changes in proliferation, migration, and colony formation, highlighting the inhibitory effect of constitutive overexpression of Rspo3 on these cellular processes. Our research provides novel insights into the role of Rspo3 in the regulation of hair morphogenesis and development, along with the formation and maturation of the HFSCs, which affect hair regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) levels are high in the balding areas of human scalps, and PGD2 has been found to inhibit hair growth. It is known that the inhibition of the PGD2 receptor can promote hair growth by preventing hair follicles from entering the catagen phase. Thus, we identified an antagonist of DP2, the receptor for PGD2, as a potential treatment for hair loss using an AI-based DeepZema® drug development program. In this study, we identified that the DP2 antagonist (DP2A) could ameliorate alopecia in human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) that were stimulated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a known molecule related to hair loss. We observed that the DP2A promoted wound healing efficiency and increased alkaline phosphatase levels in the HFDPCs that were damaged with DHT. In addition, we found that the DP2A diminished the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels generated in the DHT-damaged HFDPCs. We confirmed that the DP2A effectively recovered the membrane potential of mitochondria in these cells. We also demonstrated that the DP2A enhanced the phosphorylation levels of both Akt and ERK in the HFDPCs that were damaged with DHT. Notably, we revealed that the DP2A slightly enlarged the three-dimensional spheroid size in these cells and confirmed that the DP2A improved hair growth in the organ culture of human hair follicles. Taken together, we suggest that DP2A has therapeutic effects on HFDPCs that are damaged by DHT and holds promise as a potential treatment for treating hair loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resveratrol has been found to stimulate the growth of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) and protect them from oxidative damage. The topical application of resveratrol effectively enhanced hair growth and stimulated the transition of the hair cycle from the resting phase (telogen) into the active growth phase (anagen phase). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of resveratrol-rich peanut callus and sprout extracts on promoting hair growth and anti-hair loss effects in hDPCs and then select the most effective extract (callus) for further assessment in clinical applications. The peanut sprout and callus were produced from plant seeds and extracted with ethanol. Resveratrol was identified as the major constituent in the extracts obtained using the HPLC approach, although no resveratrol was found in the original seed extract. Hair cell proliferation, growth factor expression, and 5α-reductase (5-AR) inhibition assays were used to examine the extracts' promotion of hair growth and inhibition of anti-hair loss in an in vitro hDPCs model, and standard resveratrol served as a positive reference. Initially, the cytotoxicity of the samples was assessed, revealing that 2.5% of all extracts and 0.02% of resveratrol exhibited a non-cytotoxic effect to hDPCs. The 50% cytotoxic concentration of peanut callus extract (15.50 ± 0.05%) was significantly less cytotoxic to hDPCs than sprout (12.30 ± 0.14%) and seed (11.69 ± 0.26%) extracts (p < 0.05). In vitro experiments indicated that peanut callus extract had the greatest proliferated hDPCs (20.44 ± 0.78%), increased the expression of growth factors (IGF-1, KGF, and HGF) and inhibited 5AR (27.83 ± 2.48%). Then, the callus extract and resveratrol as the positive standard were separately incorporated into a hair serum base and assessed for anti-hair loss effect in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on 60 subjects, and the daily hair shedding count, one-minute combing, and forcible hair pluck tests were monitored for 12 weeks. The clinical study showed that the hair serum containing peanut callus extract and resveratrol were effective in reducing hair shedding (66.98% and 61.47%), decreased hair fall from combing by (83.92% and 68.19%), and increased the ratio of the anagen/telogen by (3.3 and 2.8, respectively). The results suggest that peanut callus extract has a significant amount of resveratrol and the potential to stimulate hair growth and prevent hair loss, making it an alternative bioactive option for cosmetic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eclipta prostrata is a sp. of flowering herb in the Asteraceae family, better known as "False Daisy" and "Bhringraj". It originates from several places, including Australia, Asia, and the Americas. The plant's lance-shaped leaves and tiny white flowers are its defining features. As per Ayurveda, it is especially well-known for its possible advantages for healthy hair. This herb is frequently used in conventional hair care procedures to encourage hair growth, lessen hair loss, and improve the general condition of the scalp and hair. The study showed it might have anti-inflammatry, antioxidant. hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-alopecia properties. This review of Eclipta prostrata is an endeavor to bring together the Pharmacological, Biological, chemical and therapeutic value of this traditional Indian plant. The inclusive and comprehensive literature on the Bhringraj plant is prepared using different online resources, such as GooglesScholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and further dependable online databases. Necessary, appropriate evidence from the articles analyzed and included. Numerous E. prostrata extracts and isolated compounds demonstrated a broad spectrum of biological activity, including hepato-protective, neuro-protective, anti-bacterial, and anti-alopecia properties. So far, comparatively few investigations have been conducted to identify the precise phytoconstituents accountable for the related pharmacological effects. Clinical and animal model-based comprehensive mechanism-based research should be the main areas of future investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this paper is to report the case of a patient who developed a local allergic reaction to the pigment used for permanent eyebrow makeup. In addition, the authors' protocol for the treatment of such a complication is proposed. Methods: A patient visited the clinic to remove permanent eyebrow makeup. In the patient's opinion, the eyebrows were too dark and incorrectly shaped. Upon physical examination of the brows, they were found to be over-pigmented and drawn outside the area of hair growth of the natural brow. Results: The patient underwent 24 treatment procedures to remove the pigmentation including four sessions of laser therapy and subsequent treatments using a chemical substance (remover). No adverse effects occurred during the initial phase of makeup removal (black pigment removal), but an allergic reaction appeared with the removal of the red-orange colored pigment (after the fourth laser therapy session). The following symptoms appeared: redness, swelling, and the appearance of papules filled with both serous fluid and pigment used for the permanent makeup. After each remover treatment, the allergic reaction decreased, and local symptoms gradually subsided. Additionally, topical corticosteroid treatment was implemented peri-procedurally. The patient's case suggests a secondary allergic reaction to the red-orange pigment used for permanent makeup. Conclusions: The literature on this topic is scarce; therefore, we present a regimen for the management of such complications. In addition, we draw attention to the fact that allergic reactions to pigment may not always occur immediately following skin pigmentation but may become apparent long after the procedure, such as when the allergen is "exposed" during an attempt to remove or correct the makeup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although angiosperm plants generally react to immunity elicitors like chitin or chitosan by the cell wall callose deposition, this response in particular cell types, especially upon chitosan treatment, is not fully understood. Here we show that the growing root hairs (RHs) of Arabidopsis can respond to a mild (0.001%) chitosan treatment by the callose deposition and by a deceleration of the RH growth. We demonstrate that the glucan synthase‐like 5/PMR4 is vital for chitosan‐induced callose deposition but not for RH growth inhibition. Upon the higher chitosan concentration (0.01%) treatment, RHs do not deposit callose, while growth inhibition is prominent. To understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning the responses to two chitosan treatments, we analysed early Ca2+ and defence‐related signalling, gene expression, cell wall and RH cellular endomembrane modifications. Chitosan‐induced callose deposition is also present in the several other plant species, including functionally analogous and evolutionarily only distantly related RH‐like structures such as rhizoids of bryophytes. Our results point to the RH callose deposition as a conserved strategy of soil‐anchoring plant cells to cope with mild biotic stress. However, high chitosan concentration prominently disturbs RH intracellular dynamics, tip‐localised endomembrane compartments, growth and viability, precluding callose deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common form of hair loss. Androgens, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, are the main causes of AGA. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can reduce AGA. However, preparing therapeutic doses of MSCs for clinical use is challenging. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (iMSCs) are homogenous and easily expandable, enabling scalable production of EVs. Hyaluronic acid (HA) can exert various functions including free radical scavenging, immune regulation, and cell migration. Herein, we examined whether hyaluronic acid (HA) stimulation of iMSCs could produce EVs with enhanced therapeutic outcomes for AGA. Methods: EVs were collected from iMSCs primed with HA (HA–iMSC–EVs) or without HA (iMSC–EVs). The characteristics of EVs were examined using dynamic light scattering, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and proteomic analysis. In vitro, we compared the potential of EVs in stimulating the survival of hair follicle dermal papilla cells undergoing testosterone-mediated AGA. Additionally, the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and relevant growth factors as well as key proteins of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (β-catenin and phosphorylated GSK3β) was analyzed. Subsequently, AGA was induced in male C57/BL6 mice by testosterone administration, followed by repeated injections of iMSC–EVs, HA–iMSC–EVs, finasteride, or vehicle. Several parameters including hair growth, anagen phase ratio, reactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and AR expression was examined using qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence analysis. Results: Both types of EVs showed typical characteristics for EVs, such as size distribution, markers, and surface protein expression. In hair follicle dermal papilla cells, the mRNA levels of AR, TGF-β, and IL-6 increased by testosterone was blocked by HA–iMSC–EVs, which also contributed to the augmented expression of trophic genes related to hair regrowth. However, no notable changes were observed in the iMSC–EVs. Re-activation of Wnt/β-catenin was observed in HA–iMSC–EVs but not in iMSC–EVs, as shown by β-catenin stabilization and an increase in phosphorylated GSK3β. Restoration of hair growth was more significant in HA–iMSC–EVs than in iMSC–EVs, and was comparable to that in mice treated with finasteride. Consistently, the decreased anagen ratio induced by testosterone was reversed by HA–iMSC–EVs, but not by iMSC–EVs. An increased expression of hair follicular β-catenin protein, as well as the reduction of AR was observed in the skin tissue of AGA mice receiving HA–iMSC–EVs, but not in those treated with iMSC–EVs. Conclusions: Our results suggest that HA–iMSC–EVs have potential to improve AGA by regulating growth factors/cytokines and stimulating AR-related Wnt/β-catenin signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the technologies for auricular reconstruction in microtia have improved, issues such as low hairlines or excessive hair growth can still pose aesthetic problems for the reconstructed ear. Laser depilation has been reported as a solution for hair problems. However, few studies have discussed the appropriate region for hair removal. A retrospective analysis was performed on 276 patients with unilateral microtia who underwent the Nagata two-stage ear reconstruction. The gender ratio of male to female was 2.5 (198 males/78 females). Intense pulsed light depilation was used to remove hair. To determine the proper hair removal area, we measured the extent of hair removal. Before the first stage, the average vertical distance between the upper point (after localization) and hairline was 3.42 ± 4.75 mm (-10–20 mm). After the first stage, the average vertical distance between the upper point of the reconstructed ear and the hairline was 1.27 ± 2.41 mm (-10–15 mm). By using chi-square test to assess differences in hair removal success rates among various regions, we aimed to identify the suitable depilation region. Before the first stage, a depilation vertical distance ≥ 10 mm led to a 92.1% success rate. After the first stage surgery, among the patients needing additional hair removal, a vertical depilation distance ≥ 4 mm resulted in an 81.3% success rate. Based on our observation, we suggested that a depilation region of ≥ 10 mm (before the first surgery) or ≥ 4 mm (after the first surgery) would be the ideal range for laser hair removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common endocrinopathies. PCOS is hormonal complex disorder affects many women globally. The incidence of PCOS will increase due to lifestyle change. PCOS had group of symptoms irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), insulin resistance. This study has been conducted to assess the prevalence and Knowledge of PCOS among female medical students in King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: this is cross-sectional study, online questionnaire was sent to 200 female medical students in King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, during the period from 10/8/2022 to 10/12/2022. The study targeted all female medical students in King Khalid University. Result: the prevalence of self-reported was 26.5%. The most clinical presentation among the participants were oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, increase weight, acne and insulin resistance. Increase in weight and irregular physical activity show a relationship with PCOS, 79.5% of participants aware of PCOS. Conclusion: This study was conducted among female students at King Khalid University and included a total of 200 participants. The most common age group was 20-23 years. This study revealed the prevalence of PCOS is about (26.5) % which considered low. The hair loss, lower abdominal pain and acne were the significant and dominant problems among the participants and they have an adequate knowledge about PCOS and it is complication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melatonin (MLT) is a circadian hormone that reportedly influences the development and cyclic growth of secondary hair follicles; however, the mechanism of regulation remains unknown. Here, we systematically investigated the role of MLT in hair regeneration using a hair depilation mouse model. We found that MLT supplementation significantly promoted hair regeneration in the hair depilation mouse model, whereas supplementation of MLT receptor antagonist luzindole significantly suppressed hair regeneration. By analysing gene expression dynamics between the MLT group and luzindole‐treated groups, we revealed that MLT supplementation significantly up‐regulated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway‐related genes. In‐depth analysis of the expression of key molecules in the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway revealed that MLT up‐regulated the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway in dermal papillae (DP), whereas these effects were facilitated through mediating Wnt ligand expression levels in the hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). Using a DP‐HFSCs co‐culture system, we verified that MLT activated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in DPs when co‐cultured with HFSCs, whereas supplementation of DP cells with MLT alone failed to activate Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. In summary, our work identified a critical role for MLT in promoting hair regeneration and will have potential implications for future hair loss treatment in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. In response to phosphate (Pi) deficiency, plants rapidly produce a substitutive amount of root hairs; however, the mechanisms underlying Pi supply for root hair growth remain unclear. Here, we observed that soybean (Glycine max) plants maintain a consistent level of Pi within root hairs even under external Pi deficiency. We therefore investigated the role of vacuole‐stored Pi, a major Pi reservoir in plant cells, in supporting root hair growth under Pi‐deficient conditions. Our findings indicated that two vacuolar Pi efflux (VPE) transporters, GmVPE1 and GmVPE2, remobilize vacuolar stored Pi to sustain cytosolic Pi content in root hair cells. Genetic analysis showed that double mutants of GmVPE1 and GmVPE2 exhibited reduced root hair growth under low Pi conditions. Moreover, GmVPE1 and GmVPE2 were highly expressed in root hairs, with their expression levels significantly upregulated by low Pi treatment. Further analysis revealed that GmRSL2 (ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6‐like 2), a transcription factor involved in root hair morphogenesis, directly binds to the promoter regions of GmVPE1 and GmVPE2, and promotes their expressions under low Pi conditions. Additionally, mutants lacking both GmRSL2 and its homolog GmRSL3 exhibited impaired root hair growth under low Pi stress, which was rescued by overexpressing either GmVPE1 or GmVPE2. Taken together, our study has identified a module comprising vacuolar Pi exporters and transcription factors responsible for remobilizing vacuolar Pi to support root hair growth in response to Pi deficiency in soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hirsutism, characterized by excessive androgen-dependent hair growth in women, often associated with conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), presents significant challenges to body perception and psychological well-being. This study aimed to investigate the impact of excessive body hair growth on women's body image, self-esteem, and social interactions. Through qualitative interviews with affected women, it was revealed that hirsutism engenders profound dissatisfaction with body image, leading to feelings of inadequacy and a sense of being socially unacceptable. Participants expressed that emotional instability exacerbates these psychological effects, affecting both mental health and physical well-being. Moreover, the stigma associated with visible symptoms of hirsutism restricted social interactions, contributing to feelings of isolation and reduced quality of life. The findings underscore the multifaceted impact of hirsutism on women's lives, highlighting its detrimental effects on body perception, self-esteem, and social functioning. Addressing these psychological and social dimensions is crucial for researchers and clinicians in comprehensive management approaches for hirsutism, alongside medical interventions aimed at hormone regulation and hair removal to enhance the overall well-being of affected individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Androgenetic alopecia is a common disease that occurs in both men and women. Several approved medications have been used to treat this condition, but they are associated with certain side effects. Therefore, use of extracts derived from natural products, such as Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), and the regulation of the gut microbiota have become important topics of research. Sturgeon is known for its high nutritional value and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effects on androgenetic alopecia and gut microbiota remain uncharacterized. Here, we aimed to investigate whether solubilized sturgeon oil (SSO) promotes hair growth and regulates the gut microbiome. C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups. Three groups received topical applications of distilled water, SSO, or minoxidil, and one group was orally administered SSO. Each treatment was administered over 4 weeks. Histopathological analysis revealed a significant increase in follicle number (p < 0.001) and follicle diameter (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed upregulation of β-catenin and ERK-1, markers involved in hair growth-promoting pathways. Furthermore, microbiome analysis revealed that the reduced gut microbiota was negatively correlated with these markers. Our findings indicate that oral administration of SSO promotes hair growth and regulates the abundance of hair growth-promoting gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alopecia Areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that targets hair follicles and is driven by T cells specific to that organ. As it was found that the lack of expression of VDRs is associated with reduced hair follicle growth and epidermal differentiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intralesional vitamin D and to assess it by the dermoscope. Methods: This study is A clinical trial study that included 20 patients with alopecia areata, who received intralesional injection of vitamin D (an aqueous preparation of cholecalciferol (Devarol ampule 200000iu/2ml, Memphis, Egypt) (2.5mg/ml) the maximum total amount of Vitamin D3 injected in every session was 1.25mg (0.5ml).Treatment of alopecia areata was done according to the study protocol and the patients were evaluated at initial Visit, every 2 weeks during treatment sessions and 3 months after completion of therapy. Results: There was no statistical significance change in SALT score among our group patients post treatment compared to pretreatment, regarding clinical response there was 10% of cases (2 patients) shows hair regrowth by >25% (A2) and majority of patients 75% (15 patients) shows minimal hair regrowth by < 25% (A1), 15% of cases (3 patients) showed no improvement at all, there was erythema, itching and pain assessed among study cases (20%, 15% and 15% respectively). Atrophy and telangiectasia were found among 5% in cases. Conclusions: Intralesional Vitamin D (cholecalciferol) is a mild effective treatment of Alopecia Areata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relatively more-apparent body parts are often used to name relatively less-apparent body parts. To explore this etymological phenomenon, this report assesses anatomical terminology derived from some of the most apparent structures of the human body—hairs. Hair-related anatomical terminology involves varied etymons, roots, and derivatives: calvus "bald," cilia "eyelashes," glaber "hairless," pilus "hair," pubes (historically referring to the developing beard), pudendum "modesty" (referring to hair growth that covers genitalia), tempus "time" (referring to the location where hair commonly grays, thus showing a person's age), and tragus "goat" (referring to the tuft of hair that resembles the beard of a goat). Also including lanugo, vibrissae, hirci, flocculus, and cauda equina, a systematic review of Terminologia Anatomica and Terminologia Neuroanatomica revealed 285 unique non-duplicate hair-related terms. Several anatomical terms allude to particular age groups or sexes, but are used indiscriminately (e.g., tragus alludes to the older male ear, though may describe the fetal female ear). Likewise, human-centric anatomical terminology influences non-human anatomical terminology— a turtle has a "temporal bone" only because some humans develop gray hair on the sides of their heads as they age. Accordingly, etymological recursion is common: The human ear has a tragus, named after the goat, and the goat ear has a tragus, named after the human tragus, that was named after the goat. The use of Latin as the foundation of anatomical and medical terminology may appear seriously supercilious; however, it is often simply super silly. After all, hundreds of body parts are formally named after hair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common and chronic problem characterized by hair follicle miniaturization. Aims: In this study, heat‐treated Limosilactobacillus fermentum LM1020 (HT‐LM1020) was investigated in human follicle dermal papilla cell (HFDPC), scalp tissue, and clinical trials for patients with AGA. Patients/Methods: Cell proliferation and the expression of cyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) were measured in HFDPC. The relative gene expression of 5α‐reductase and growth factors were investigated in hair scalp. This double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted over 24 weeks. Primary efficacy was evaluated by measuring hair density, and secondary efficacy was assessed by experts and self‐assessment. Changes in the microbiota of the hair scalps were analyzed using 16S metagenome amplicon sequencing. Results: HT‐LM1020 promoted cell growth (p < 0.001) and cyclin B1 expression, and it reduced 5α‐reductase and induced fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), FGF10, and epithelial growth factor7 (EGF7) (p < 0.001). In the clinical trial, the experimental group demonstrated an increase in hair density from 133.70 to 148.87 n/cm2 at Week 24 (p < 0.001), while also expressing satisfaction with their hair density, reduced hair loss, and hairline. At Week 24, the total ratio of lactic acid bacteria operational taxonomic unit (OTU) in the scalp increased from 6.65% to 26.19%. At the same period, placebo‐controlled group decreased Staphylococcus caprae OTU from 77.95% to 14.57% while experimental group decreased from 65.80% to 41.02%. Conclusions: These present results showed that HT‐LM1020 was a co‐effector of ingredients for anti‐hair loss contributing to cell proliferation and the expression of CDKs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hair loss is a widespread health problem that affects numerous individuals and is associated with age, lack of sleep, stress, endocrine problems, and other problems. Caffeine exerts various pharmacological effects, particularly after ingestion. The caffeine‐induced inhibition of phosphodiesterases can increase intracellular cAMP concentrations, ultimately resulting in stimulatory effects on cell metabolism and proliferation. Hence, caffeine has been confirmed to inhibit hair loss caused by premature termination of the hair growth phase. Adenosine also improves hair loss by stimulating hair growth and thickening hair shafts. However, further empirical evidence is required to comprehensively assess the efficacy of hair loss treatment and prevention using a formulation of caffeine and adenosine in specific proportions in shampoos. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate a shampoo with caffeine and adenosine as a daily scalp care product for hair loss in 77 subjects aged 18–60 years. Methods: The overall and local hair densities were assessed using professional cameras and dermoscopes at different magnifications and distances. Five hairs that came off the participant's head were randomly selected to measure hair diameter. The self‐assessment questionnaires were filled on third month of product use. Results: The combination of caffeine and adenosine in the shampoo significantly enhanced hair density compared to that of the baseline. The results revealed a significant reduction in hair loss. The hair diameters of the subjects did not change significantly. Most of the participants (71.05%) were satisfied with their hair after using the product. Conclusions: Shampoos containing caffeine and adenosine have been demonstrated to exert therapeutic benefits for reducing hair loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]