108 results on '"Haitao Xiang"'
Search Results
2. Engineering In Vitro Organ‐Structured Tumor Model for Evaluating Neoantigen‐Specific T Cell Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Author
-
Jingyu Xiao, Fei Wang, Xiaoyan Hu, Dongli Li, Geng Liu, Qumiao Xu, Chao Chen, Haitao Xiang, Xuan Dong, Linnan Zhu, Dishuang Yang, Yanan Gao, Meijuan Wang, Yonglun Luo, Cheng‐Chi Chao, Guanglei Li, and Qiongyu Guo
- Subjects
cancer immunotherapy ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,minigene modified HepG2 cells ,neoantigens ,recellularized liver matrix ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Technology - Abstract
Abstract Neoantigens derived from somatic mutations in cancer cells can induce antigen‐specific T‐cell immune response for cancer immunotherapy. However, the 3D models for assessing neoepitope immunogenicity and efficacy of anti‐tumor T‐cell immune response to neoantigens are less than perfect. Here, a 3D tumor model based on recellularized liver matrix is leveraged with HepG2 cells to investigate T cell cytotoxic reactivity toward hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) neoantigens. The whole exome sequencing (WES) data of 364 HCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas database are collected and 25 highly potential immunogenic neoantigens to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐A*02:01 molecule in silico are predicted. Six of the HCC neoantigen candidates are functionally validated with high immunogenicity by measuring cellular interferon‐γ secretion and cytotoxicity during neoantigen‐specific T‐cell immune responses in vitro. Then, the minigene of six functionally identified neoantigen peptides is constructed and the minigene‐modified GFP‐HepG2 cells are generated. Neoantigen‐specific immune response is observed with highly secreted Granzyme B, IFN‐γ, and PD‐1 when targeting the minigene‐modified GFP‐HepG2 cells in the 3D RLM HCC tumor model. Overall, the 3D RLM tumor model provides a novel strategy for preclinical assessment of the efficacy of neoantigen‐specific T cell immune response, which helps develop personalized cancer vaccines and immunotherapy treatments for HCC patients.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Innate immune stimulation by monophosphoryl lipid A prevents chronic social defeat stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice
- Author
-
Fu Li, Haitao Xiang, Yue Gu, Ting Ye, Xu Lu, and Chao Huang
- Subjects
Monophosphoryl lipid A ,Innate immune response ,Preventive effect ,Pro-inflammatory cytokine ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background Innate immune pre-stimulation can prevent the development of depression-like behaviors in chronically stressed mice; however, whether the same stimulation prevents the development of anxiety-like behaviors in animals remains unclear. We addressed this issue using monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a derivative of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that lacks undesirable properties of LPS but still keeps immune-enhancing activities. Methods The experimental mice were pre-injected intraperitoneally with MPL before stress exposure. Depression was induced through chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Behavioral tests were conducted to identify anxiety-like behaviors. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and biochemical assays were employed to examine the gene and protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory markers. Results A single MPL injection at the dose of 400 and 800 μg/kg 1 day before stress exposure prevented CSDS-induced anxiety-like behaviors, and a single MPL injection (400 μg/kg) five but not 10 days before stress exposure produced similar effect. The preventive effect of MPL on anxiety-like behaviors was also observed in CSDS mice who received a second MPL injection 10 days after the first MPL injection or a 4 × MPL injection 10 days before stress exposure. MPL pre-injection also prevented the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex in CSDS mice, and inhibiting the central immune response by minocycline pretreatment abrogated the preventive effect of MPL on CSDS-induced anxiety-like behaviors and pro-inflammatory cytokine productions in the brain. Conclusions Pre-stimulation of the innate immune system by MPL can prevent chronic stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors and neuroinflammatory responses in the brain in mice.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The novel llama-human chimeric antibody has potent effect in lowering LDL-c levels in hPCSK9 transgenic rats
- Author
-
Xinyang Li, Meiniang Wang, Xinhua Zhang, Chuxin Liu, Haitao Xiang, Mi Huang, Yingying Ma, Xiaoyan Gao, Lin Jiang, Xiaopan Liu, Bo Li, Yong Hou, Xiuqing Zhang, Shuang Yang, and Naibo Yang
- Subjects
PCSK9 ,Antibody ,LDL-c ,VHH-Fc ,sdAb ,Pichia pastoris ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background The advent of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)–inhibiting drugs have provided an effective, but extremely expensive treatment for the management of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Our aim was to explore a cost-effective application of camelid anti-PCSK9 single domain antibodies (sdAbs), which are high variable regions of the camelid heavy chain antibodies (VHHs), as a human PCSK9 (hPCSK9) inhibitor. One female llama was immunized with hPCSK9. Screening of high affinity anti-PCSK9 VHHs was carried out based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. We reported a lysate kinetic analysis method improving the screening efficiency. To increase the serum half-life and targeting properties, the constant region fragment of the human immunoglobulin gamma sub-type 4 (IgG4 Fc) was incorporated to form a novel llama-human chimeric molecule (VHH-hFc). Results The PCSK9 inhibiting effects of the VHH proteins were analyzed in two human liver hepatocellular cells (HepG2 and Huh7) and in the hPCSK9 transgenic Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat model. The hPCSK9 antagonistic potency of the bivalent VHH-hFc exceeded the monovalent VHH (P
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Bamboo Shark as a Small Animal Model for Single Domain Antibody Production
- Author
-
Likun Wei, Meiniang Wang, Haitao Xiang, Yuan Jiang, Jinhua Gong, Dan Su, M. A. R. Al Azad, Hongming Dong, Limin Feng, Jiajun Wu, Leo Lai Chan, Naibo Yang, and Jiahai Shi
- Subjects
single domain antibody ,bamboo shark ,IgNAR ,immunization ,vNAR ,immune repertoire ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
The development of shark single domain antibodies (sdAbs) is hindered by the high cost and tediousness of large-sized shark farming. Here, we demonstrated white-spotted bamboo sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) being cultivated commercially as a promising small animal model to produce sdAbs. We found that immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (IgNAR) presented in bamboo shark genome, transcriptome, and plasma. Four complete IgNAR clusters including variable domains (vNARs) were discovered in the germline, and the Variable–Joining pair from IgNAR1 cluster was dominant from immune repertoires in blood. Bamboo sharks developed effective immune responses upon green fluorescent protein (GFP), near-infrared fluorescent protein iRFP713, and Freund’s adjuvant immunization revealed by elevated lymphocyte counts and antigen specific IgNAR. Before and after immunization, the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) of IgNAR were the major determinant of IgNAR diversity revealed by 400-bp deep sequencing. To prove that bamboo sharks could produce high-affinity IgNAR, we isolated anti-GFP and anti-iRFP713 vNARs with up to 0.3 and 3.8 nM affinities, respectively, from immunized sharks. Moreover, we constructed biparatopic vNARs with the highest known affinities (20.7 pM) to GFP and validated the functions of anti-GFP vNARs as intrabodies in mammalian cells. Taken together, our study will accelerate the discovery and development of bamboo shark sdAbs for biomedical industry at low cost and easy operation.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Pharmacological Actions of Myricetin in the Nervous System: A Comprehensive Review of Preclinical Studies in Animals and Cell Models
- Author
-
Jie Li, Haitao Xiang, Chao Huang, and Jiashu Lu
- Subjects
myricetin ,neuroinflammation ,oxidative stress ,brain ,flavonoid ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Myricetin is a natural flavonoid extracted from a variety of plants, such as medicinal herbs, vegetables, berries, and tea leaves. A growing body of evidence has reported that myricetin supplementation display therapeutic activities in a lot of nervous system disorders, such as cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and glioblastoma. Myricetin supplementation can also protect against pathological changes and behavioral impairment induced by multiple sclerosis and chronic stress. On the basis of these pharmacological actions, myricetin could be developed as a potential drug for the prevention and/or treatment of nervous system disorders. Mechanistic studies have shown that inhibition of oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis, and neuroinflammatory response are common mechanisms for the neuroprotective actions of myricetin. Other mechanisms, including the activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (Akt), cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding protein (CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ increase, inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-p38 activation, and suppression of mutant protein aggregation, may also mediate the neuroprotective effects of myricetin. Furthermore, myricetin treatment has been shown to promote the activation of the inhibitory neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, which subsequently produces anti-epilepsy effects. In this review, we make a comprehensive understanding about the pharmacological effects of myricetin in the nervous system, aiming to push the development of myricetin as a novel drug for the treatment of nervous system disorders.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A Novel Proteogenomic Integration Strategy Expands the Breadth of Neo-Epitope Sources
- Author
-
Haitao Xiang, Le Zhang, Fanyu Bu, Xiangyu Guan, Lei Chen, Haibo Zhang, Yuntong Zhao, Huanyi Chen, Weicong Zhang, Yijian Li, Leo Jingyu Lee, Zhanlong Mei, Yuan Rao, Ying Gu, Yong Hou, Feng Mu, and Xuan Dong
- Subjects
mass spectrometry ,immunopeptidome ,neo-epitope ,immunotherapy ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Tumor-specific antigens can activate T cell-based antitumor immune responses and are ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy. However, their identification is still challenging. Although mass spectrometry can directly identify human leukocyte antigen (HLA) binding peptides in tumor cells, it focuses on tumor-specific antigens derived from annotated protein-coding regions constituting only 1.5% of the genome. We developed a novel proteogenomic integration strategy to expand the breadth of tumor-specific epitopes derived from all genomic regions. Using the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 as a model, we accurately identified 10,737 HLA-presented peptides, 1293 of which were non-canonical peptides that traditional database searches could not identify. Moreover, we found eight tumor neo-epitopes derived from somatic mutations, four of which were not previously reported. Our findings suggest that this new proteogenomic approach holds great promise for increasing the number of tumor-specific antigen candidates, potentially enlarging the tumor target pool and improving cancer immunotherapy.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. IntroSpect: Motif-Guided Immunopeptidome Database Building Tool to Improve the Sensitivity of HLA I Binding Peptide Identification by Mass Spectrometry
- Author
-
Le Zhang, Geng Liu, Guixue Hou, Haitao Xiang, Xi Zhang, Ying Huang, Xiuqing Zhang, Bo Li, and Leo J. Lee
- Subjects
immunopeptidome ,mass spectrometry ,database search ,motif ,search space ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Although database search tools originally developed for shotgun proteome have been widely used in immunopeptidomic mass spectrometry identifications, they have been reported to achieve undesirably low sensitivities or high false positive rates as a result of the hugely inflated search space caused by the lack of specific enzymic digestions in immunopeptidome. To overcome such a problem, we developed a motif-guided immunopeptidome database building tool named IntroSpect, which is designed to first learn the peptide motifs from high confidence hits in the initial search, and then build a targeted database for refined search. Evaluated on 18 representative HLA class I datasets, IntroSpect can improve the sensitivity by an average of 76%, compared to conventional searches with unspecific digestions, while maintaining a very high level of accuracy (~96%), as confirmed by synthetic validation experiments. A distinct advantage of IntroSpect is that it does not depend on any external HLA data, so that it performs equally well on both well-studied and poorly-studied HLA types, unlike the previously developed method SpectMHC. We have also designed IntroSpect to keep a global FDR that can be conveniently controlled, similar to a conventional database search. Finally, we demonstrate the practical value of IntroSpect by discovering neoepitopes from MS data directly, an important application in cancer immunotherapies. IntroSpect is freely available to download and use.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The White-Spotted Bamboo Shark Genome Reveals Chromosome Rearrangements and Fast-Evolving Immune Genes of Cartilaginous Fish
- Author
-
Yaolei Zhang, Haoyang Gao, Hanbo Li, Jiao Guo, Bingjie Ouyang, Meiniang Wang, Qiwu Xu, Jiahao Wang, Meiqi Lv, Xinyu Guo, Qun Liu, Likun Wei, Han Ren, Yang Xi, Yang Guo, Bingzhao Ren, Shanshan Pan, Chuxin Liu, Xiaoyan Ding, Haitao Xiang, Yingjia Yu, Yue Song, Lingfeng Meng, Shanshan Liu, Jun Wang, Yuan Jiang, Jiahai Shi, Shiping Liu, Jamal S.M. Sabir, Mumdooh J. Sabir, Muhummadh Khan, Nahid H. Hajrah, Simon Ming-Yuen Lee, Xun Xu, Huanming Yang, Jian Wang, Guangyi Fan, Naibo Yang, and Xin Liu
- Subjects
Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,Genomics ,Phylogenetics ,Evolutionary Biology ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Chondrichthyan (cartilaginous fish) occupies a key phylogenetic position and is important for investigating evolutionary processes of vertebrates. However, limited whole genomes impede our in-depth knowledge of important issues such as chromosome evolution and immunity. Here, we report the chromosome-level genome of white-spotted bamboo shark. Combing it with other shark genomes, we reconstructed 16 ancestral chromosomes of bamboo shark and illustrate a dynamic chromosome rearrangement process. We found that genes on 13 fast-evolving chromosomes can be enriched in immune-related pathways. And two chromosomes contain important genes that can be used to develop single-chain antibodies, which were shown to have high affinity to human disease markers by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also found three bone formation-related genes were lost due to chromosome rearrangements. Our study highlights the importance of chromosome rearrangements, providing resources for understanding of cartilaginous fish diversification and potential application of single-chain antibodies.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Dissection of complicate genetic architecture and breeding perspective of cottonseed traits by genome-wide association study
- Author
-
Xiongming Du, Shouye Liu, Junling Sun, Gengyun Zhang, Yinhua Jia, Zhaoe Pan, Haitao Xiang, Shoupu He, Qiuju Xia, Songhua Xiao, Weijun Shi, Zhiwu Quan, Jianguang Liu, Jun Ma, Baoyin Pang, Liru Wang, Gaofei Sun, Wenfang Gong, Johnie N. Jenkins, Xiangyang Lou, Jun Zhu, and Haiming Xu
- Subjects
Complex traits ,Cottonseed traits ,Association mapping ,GWAS ,Gene by environment interaction ,Epistasis ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Cottonseed is one of the most important raw materials for plant protein, oil and alternative biofuel for diesel engines. Understanding the complex genetic basis of cottonseed traits is requisite for achieving efficient genetic improvement of the traits. However, it is not yet clear about their genetic architecture in genomic level. GWAS has been an effective way to explore genetic basis of quantitative traits in human and many crops. This study aims to dissect genetic mechanism seven cottonseed traits by a GWAS for genetic improvement. Results A genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on a full gene model with gene effects as fixed and gene-environment interaction as random, was conducted for protein, oil and 5 fatty acids using 316 accessions and ~ 390 K SNPs. Totally, 124 significant quantitative trait SNPs (QTSs), consisting of 16, 21, 87 for protein, oil and fatty acids (palmitic, linoleic, oleic, myristic, stearic), respectively, were identified and the broad-sense heritability was estimated from 71.62 to 93.43%; no QTS-environment interaction was detected for the protein, the palmitic and the oleic contents; the protein content was predominantly controlled by epistatic effects accounting for 65.18% of the total variation, but the oil content and the fatty acids except the palmitic were mainly determined by gene main effects and no epistasis was detected for the myristic and the stearic. Prediction of superior pure line and hybrid revealed the potential of the QTSs in the improvement of cottonseed traits, and the hybrid could achieve higher or lower genetic values compared with pure lines. Conclusions This study revealed complex genetic architecture of seven cottonseed traits at whole genome-wide by mixed linear model approach; the identified genetic variants and estimated genetic component effects of gene, gene-gene and gene-environment interaction provide cotton geneticist or breeders new knowledge on the genetic mechanism of the traits and the potential molecular breeding design strategy.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Estimating Plant Nitrogen Concentration of Rice through Fusing Vegetation Indices and Color Moments Derived from UAV-RGB Images
- Author
-
Haixiao Ge, Haitao Xiang, Fei Ma, Zhenwang Li, Zhengchao Qiu, Zhengzheng Tan, and Changwen Du
- Subjects
UAV ,plant nitrogen concentration ,RGB-VIs ,color moments ,PLSR ,RF ,Science - Abstract
Estimating plant nitrogen concentration (PNC) has been conducted using vegetation indices (VIs) from UAV-based imagery, but color features have been rarely considered as additional variables. In this study, the VIs and color moments (color feature) were calculated from UAV-based RGB images, then partial least square regression (PLSR) and random forest regression (RF) models were established to estimate PNC through fusing VIs and color moments. The results demonstrated that the fusion of VIs and color moments as inputs yielded higher accuracies of PNC estimation compared to VIs or color moments as input; the RF models based on the combination of VIs and color moments (R2 ranging from 0.69 to 0.91 and NRMSE ranging from 0.07 to 0.13) showed similar performances to the PLSR models (R2 ranging from 0.68 to 0.87 and NRMSE ranging from 0.10 to 0.29); Among the top five important variables in the RF models, there was at least one variable which belonged to the color moments in different datasets, indicating the significant contribution of color moments in improving PNC estimation accuracy. This revealed the great potential of combination of RGB-VIs and color moments for the estimation of rice PNC.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Prediction of Rice Yield in East China Based on Climate and Agronomic Traits Data Using Artificial Neural Networks and Partial Least Squares Regression
- Author
-
Yuming Guo, Haitao Xiang, Zhenwang Li, Fei Ma, and Changwen Du
- Subjects
rice yield ,artificial neural network ,partial least squares regression ,climate data ,agronomic traits ,Agriculture - Abstract
Rice yield is not only influenced by factors of varieties and managements, but also by environmental factors. In this study, agronomic trait data of rice and climate data in eastern China were collected, and rice yields were predicted using a variety of algorithms, including the non-linear tool of feed-forward backpropagation neural networks (FFBN) and the linear model of partial least squares regression (PLSR). The results showed that both the agronomic traits and the climate data were significantly related with rice yield. The PLSR model showed that covariates occurred among the parameters, and modifications should be considered for climate data-based modelling. The FFBN model demonstrated better prediction performance than that of PLSR, in which the relation coefficient (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.611 vs. 0.374 and 0.578 vs. 0.865 ton/ha using climate data, respectively; and 0.742 vs. 0.689 and 0.556 vs. 0.608 using agronomic trait data, respectively. When using fused data the R2 and RMSE improved to 0.843 vs. 0.746 and 0.440 vs. 0.549, respectively. The optimum architecture of the FFBN consisted of one hidden layer with 29 neurons. Therefore, the FFBN algorithm is an effective option for the prediction of rice yield in complex systems of rice production.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Qualifications of Rice Growth Indicators Optimized at Different Growth Stages Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Digital Imagery
- Author
-
Zhengchao Qiu, Haitao Xiang, Fei Ma, and Changwen Du
- Subjects
rice ,growth indicators ,multi-stage vegetation index ,unmanned aerial vehicle ,optimal index method ,object-oriented segmentation method ,Science - Abstract
The accurate estimation of the key growth indicators of rice is conducive to rice production, and the rapid monitoring of these indicators can be achieved through remote sensing using the commercial RGB cameras of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, the method of using UAV RGB images lacks an optimized model to achieve accurate qualifications of rice growth indicators. In this study, we established a correlation between the multi-stage vegetation indices (VIs) extracted from UAV imagery and the leaf dry biomass, leaf area index, and leaf total nitrogen for each growth stage of rice. Then, we used the optimal VI (OVI) method and object-oriented segmentation (OS) method to remove the noncanopy area of the image to improve the estimation accuracy. We selected the OVI and the models with the best correlation for each growth stage to establish a simple estimation model database. The results showed that the OVI and OS methods to remove the noncanopy area can improve the correlation between the key growth indicators and VI of rice. At the tillering stage and early jointing stage, the correlations between leaf dry biomass (LDB) and the Green Leaf Index (GLI) and Red Green Ratio Index (RGRI) were 0.829 and 0.881, respectively; at the early jointing stage and late jointing stage, the coefficient of determination (R2) between the Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Modified Green Red Vegetation Index (MGRVI) was 0.803 and 0.875, respectively; at the early stage and the filling stage, the correlations between the leaf total nitrogen (LTN) and UAV vegetation index and the Excess Red Vegetation Index (ExR) were 0.861 and 0.931, respectively. By using the simple estimation model database established using the UAV-based VI and the measured indicators at different growth stages, the rice growth indicators can be estimated for each stage. The proposed estimation model database for monitoring rice at the different growth stages is helpful for improving the estimation accuracy of the key rice growth indicators and accurately managing rice production.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Impact of Price–Quantity Uncertainties and Risk Aversion on Energy Retailer’s Pricing and Hedging Behaviors
- Author
-
Haitao Xiang, Ying Kong, Wai Kin Victor Chan, and Sum Wai Chiang
- Subjects
pricing ,price-quantity uncertainties ,risk-aversion ,risk-neutral ,forward contract ,Technology - Abstract
The joint uncertainties of wholesale price and end-user demand quantity often poses huge pricing challenges to energy retailers. However, the literature lacks analysis of such uncertainties’ impacts on retailer pricing behaviors and possible hedging behaviors. To study these impacts, this paper proposes four models: a risk-averse or a risk-neutral retailer deciding retail price with or without forward contract. We present closed-form solutions for these four models on optimal retail price, as well as optimal forward position (if allowed). We propose a novel approach of volatility decomposition to describe the relationship between behaviors and different volatility sources. Comparative statics gives detailed analysis of the pricing and hedging behaviors in both uncertainties, as well as their correlation. We obtain profit distributions using Monte Carlo simulations in the context of the California Electricity Market. Results show that the price and quantity uncertainties and their correlation create significant differences in the retailer’s behaviors, and the determinants of these differences are different. In addition, forward contract increases expected profit and decreases profit volatility for risk-averse retailers simultaneously. These results could serve as a benchmark for analyses of deregulated, imperfect energy markets coupled with contingent financial markets under both price and quantity uncertainties.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. AlphaBlock: An Evaluation Framework for Blockchain Consensus Algorithms.
- Author
-
Zhijie Ren, Haitao Xiang, Ziheng Zhou, Ning Wang, and Hanqing Jin
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Asymptotic Meta Learning for Cross Validation of Models for Financial Data.
- Author
-
Haitao Xiang, Jianwu Lin, Chun-Hung Chen, and Ying Kong
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Best investment strategy selection using asymptotic meta learning.
- Author
-
Jianwu Lin, Haitao Xiang, Jian Li, and Chun-Hung Chen
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. AlphaBlock: An Evaluation Framework for Blockchain Consensus Protocols.
- Author
-
Haitao Xiang, Zhijie Ren, Ziheng Zhou, Ning Wang, and Hanqing Jin
- Published
- 2020
19. High-throughput screening of functional neo-antigens and their specific TCRs via the Jurkat reporter system combined with droplet microfluidics
- Author
-
Yijian Li, Jingyu Qi, Yang Liu, Yuyu Zheng, Haibin Zhu, Yupeng Zang, Xiangyu Guan, Sichong Xie, Hongyan Zhao, Yunyun Fu, Haitao Xiang, Weicong Zhang, Huanyi Chen, Huan Liu, Yuntong Zhao, Yu Feng, Fanyu Bu, Yanling Liang, Yang Li, Qumiao Xu, Ying He, Li Sun, Longqi Liu, Ying Gu, Xun Xu, Yong Hou, Xuan Dong, and Ya Liu
- Abstract
SummaryT-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells can precisely recognize a broad repertoire of targets derived from both intracellular and surface proteins of tumor cells. TCR-T adoptive cell therapy has shown safety and promising efficacy in solid tumor immunotherapy. However, antigen-specific functional TCR screening is time-consuming and expensive, which limits its application clinically. Here, we developed a novel integrated antigen-TCR screening platform based on droplet microfluidics technology, enabling high-throughput peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) library-to-TCR library screening with high sensitivity and low background signal. We introduced DNA barcoding technology to label peptide antigen candidate-loaded antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and Jurkat reporter cells to check the specificity of pMHC-TCR candidates. Coupled with the next-generation sequencing pipeline, interpretation of the DNA barcodes and the gene expression level of the Jurkat T-cell activation pathway provided a clear peptide-MHC-TCR recognition relationship. Our proof-of-principle study demonstrates that the platform could achieve unbiased pMHC-TCR library-on-library screening, which is expected to be used in the cross-reactivity and off-target testing of candidate pMHC-TCR libraries in clinical applications.
- Published
- 2023
20. Immunoglobin New Antigen Receptor Gene and Immune Repertoire of Chiloscyllium plagiosum (whitespotted Bamboo Shark)
- Author
-
项海涛(Haitao Xiang)
- Subjects
Multiisolate ,Raw sequence reads ,FOS: Clinical medicine ,Immunology ,Other - Abstract
Cartilaginous fish have three immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes, IgM, IgW, and IgNAR. IgNAR is a heavy chain homodimer devoid of light chains. It is firstly identified in nurse shark serum and present as multiple clusters in shark genome. The adaptive humoral immune response for sharks is dominated by monomeric IgM and IgNAR. The antigen-binding variable domain of IgNAR is vNAR, a type of single domain antibody. SdAbs are promising candidates in diagnostics and therapeutics. Whitespotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) is a small inshore bottom-dwelling shark species (up to 1m of adult length) living in the coast areas of Eastern Pacific and Eastern Indian. Here we identified Immunoglobin new antigen receptor gene (IgNAR) from the genome of Chiloscyllium plagiosum, and investigated the transcription profiling of vNAR immune repertoire to characterize the immune landscape by high throughput sequencing.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Landscapes and dynamic diversifications of B-cell receptor repertoires in COVID-19 patients
- Author
-
Penghui Yang, Xiaoshan Wang, Yuhuan Gong, George F. Gao, William J. Liu, Jin Yan, Peipei Liu, Ziqian Xu, Beiwei Ye, Longlong Wang, Ning Zhang, Naibo Yang, Haitao Xiang, Xinyang Li, Zhaohai Wang, Xiaopan Liu, Longqi Liu, Guizhen Wu, Ying Gu, Shaogeng Zhang, Linxiang Yu, Chen Zhu, Fanping Meng, Yingze Zhao, Xiaoju Yuan, Meiniang Wang, Wei Zhang, Pengyan Wang, Chengrong Bian, Kai Gao, Yi Shi, Liang Wu, Changqing Bai, Xun Xu, Haixi Sun, Yuhai Bi, and Lei Tian
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Lineage (genetic) ,Adolescent ,Immunology ,B-cell receptor ,Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell ,BCR, B-cell receptor ,Antibodies, Viral ,Virus ,Immune system ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Gene ,B cell ,COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019 ,Aged, 80 and over ,B-Lymphocytes ,SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Repertoire ,COVID-19 ,B-cell receptor repertoire ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,Clonal expansion ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells ,SHM, somatic hypermutation ,biology.protein ,Female ,Antibody ,Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ,CDR3, complementarity determining region 3 ,IGH, immunoglobin heavy chain ,Research Article - Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Great international efforts have been put into the development of prophylactic vaccines and neutralizing antibodies. However, the knowledge about the B cell immune response induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is still limited. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization of the dynamics of immunoglobin heavy chain (IGH) repertoire in COVID-19 patients. By using next-generation sequencing technology, we examined the temporal changes in the landscape of the patient's immunological status and found dramatic changes in the IGH within the patient's immune system after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Although different patients have distinct immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, by employing clonotype overlap, lineage expansion, and clonotype network analyses, we observed a higher clonotype overlap and substantial lineage expansion of B cell clones 2-3 weeks after the onset of illness, which is of great importance to B-cell immune responses. Meanwhile, for preferences of V gene usage during SARS-CoV-2 infection, IGHV3-74 and IGHV4-34, and IGHV4-39 in COVID-19 patients were more abundant than those of healthy controls. Overall, we present an immunological resource for SARS-CoV-2 that could promote both therapeutic development as well as mechanistic research.
- Published
- 2022
22. Optimal lockdown policy for vaccination during COVID-19 pandemic
- Author
-
Yuting Fu, Haitao Xiang, Hanqing Jin, and Ning Wang
- Subjects
Estimation ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,050208 finance ,Public health ,05 social sciences ,Population ,Herd immunity ,Vaccination ,Economic freedom ,0502 economics and business ,Development economics ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Business ,050207 economics ,education ,Finance ,Optimal decision - Abstract
As the COVID-19 spreads across the world, many nations impose lockdown measures at the early stage of the pandemic to prevent the spread of the disease. Controversy surrounds the lockdown as it is a choice between economic freedom and public health. The ultimate solution to a pandemic is to vaccinate a massive population to achieve herd immunity. However, the whole vaccination programme is a long and complicated process. The virus and the vaccine will persist for quite a long time. How to gradually ease the lockdown based on vaccination progress is an important issue, as both economic and epidemiological issues are involved. In this paper, we extend the classic SIR model to find optimal decision making to balance between economy and public health in the process of vaccination rollout. The model provides an approach of vaccine value estimation. Our results provide scientific suggestion for policymakers to make important decisions about when to start the lockdown and how strong it should be over the entire vaccination cycle.
- Published
- 2022
23. Identifying critical genes associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage by weighted gene co-expression network analysis
- Author
-
Qi Wu, Handong Wang, Wei Cai, Xin Zhang, Haitao Xiang, Li-Li Wen, An Zhang, Zhizhong Yan, and Yaonan Peng
- Subjects
ALPL ,Male ,Aging ,Subarachnoid hemorrhage ,Disease ,Biology ,Aneurysm, Ruptured ,Bioinformatics ,Pathogenesis ,ANXA3 ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Humans ,ARG1 ,Gene ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Cell Biology ,critical genes ,Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ,medicine.disease ,Gene co-expression network ,Female ,aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage ,Biomarkers ,Research Paper - Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a life-threatening medical condition with a high mortality and disability rate. aSAH has an unclear pathogenesis, and limited treatment options are available. Here, we aimed to identify critical genes involved in aSAH pathogenesis using peripheral blood gene expression data of 43 patients with aSAH due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms and 18 controls with headache, downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. These data were used to construct a co-expression network using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The biological functions of the hub genes were explored, and critical genes were selected by combining with differentially expressed genes analysis. Fourteen modules were identified by WGCNA. Among those modules, red, blue, brown and cyan modules were closely associated with aSAH. Moreover, 364 hub genes in the significant modules were found to play important roles in aSAH. Biological function analysis suggested that protein biosynthesis-related processes and inflammatory responses-related processes were involved in the pathology of aSAH pathology. Combined with differentially expressed genes analysis and validation in 35 clinical samples, seven gene (CD27, ANXA3, ACSL1, PGLYRP1, ALPL, ARG1, and TPST1) were identified as potential biomarkers for aSAH, and three genes (ANXA3, ALPL, and ARG1) were changed with disease development, that may provide new insights into potential molecular mechanisms for aSAH.
- Published
- 2021
24. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections induce somatically hypermutated broadly neutralizing antibodies against heterologous variants
- Author
-
Xiaoli Xiong, Haisheng Yu, Yaping Wang, Jingrong Shi, Chengqian Feng, Guofang Tang, Jiaojiao Li, Fengyu Hu, Liliangzi Guo, Feng Li, Xiaoping Tang, Banghui Liu, Qiuluan Chen, Zimu Li, Mengzhen Su, Qihong Yan, Xinwen Chen, Rongjuan Pei, Yudi ZHANG, Qian Wang, Peiyu HU, Pingqian Zheng, Ling Chen, Xijie Gao, Jun He, Haitao Xiang, Caixia Xie, Quan Shi, Longqi Liu, Xiaopan Liu, Xiumei Lin, Chuanyu Liu, Yalin Huang, Naibo Yang, Meiniang Wang, Xiaofang Peng, Dan Liang, Bixia Ke, and Changwen Ke
- Abstract
Currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants feature highly mutated spike proteins with extraordinary abilities in evading acute-infection-induced germline antibodies isolated earlier in the pandemic. We identified that memory B cells from Delta variant breakthrough-infection patients expressed antibodies with more extensive somatic hypermutations (SHMs) allowing isolation of a number of broadly neutralizing antibodies with activities against heterologous variants of concerns (VOCs) including Omicron variant. Structural studies identified that SHM introduced altered amino acids and highly unusual HCDR2 insertions respectively in two representative broadly neutralizing antibodies - YB9-258 and YB13-292. Previously, insertion/deletion were rarely reported for antiviral antibodies except for those induced by HIV-1 chronic infections. Identified SHMs involved heavily in epitope recognition, they broadened neutralization breadth by rendering antibodies resistant to VOC mutations highly detrimental to previously isolated antibodies targeting similar epitopes. These data provide molecular mechanisms for enhanced immunity to heterologous SARS-CoV-2 variants after repeated antigen exposures with implications for future vaccination strategy.
- Published
- 2022
25. Identification of the antidepressive properties of C1, a specific inhibitor of Skp2, in mice
- Author
-
Xu Lu, Fu Li, Jinliang Chen, Haitao Xiang, Xiaomei Yuan, Haiyan He, Dan Wang, Zhuo Chen, and Chao Huang
- Subjects
Male ,Time Factors ,Pharmacology ,Locomotor activity ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Social defeat ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Drug treatment ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fluoxetine ,SKP2 ,Animals ,Medicine ,S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins ,Swimming ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Depression ,business.industry ,Drug Synergism ,Antidepressive Agents ,Tail suspension test ,030227 psychiatry ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Hindlimb Suspension ,Female ,Stress conditions ,business ,Locomotion ,Stress, Psychological ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug ,Behavioural despair test - Abstract
We have reported that SMIP004, an inhibitor of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), displays antidepressant-like activities in stress-naïve and chronically stressed mice. Here, we investigated the antidepressant-like effect of C1, another inhibitor of Skp2, in mouse models following acute or chronic drug administration at different doses and treatment times by using the tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), and social interaction test (SIT). The time- and dose-dependent results showed that the antidepressant-like effect of C1 occurred 8 days after the drug treatment, and C1 produced antidepressant-like activities at the dose of 5 and 10 but not 1 mg/kg in male or female mice. C1 administration (5 mg/kg) also induced antidepressant-like effects in stress-naïve mice in a three-times administration mode within 24 h (24, 5, and 1 h before the test) but not in an acute administration mode (1 h before the test). The C1 and fluoxetine co-administration produced additive effect on depression-like behaviors in stress-naïve mice. The antidepressant-like effect of C1 was not associated with the change in locomotor activity, as no increased locomotor activity was observed in different treatment modes. Furthermore, the long-term C1 treatment (5 mg/kg) was found to ameliorate the depression-like behaviors in chronic social defeat stress-exposed mice, suggesting that C1 can produce antidepressant-like actions in stress conditions. Since C1 is a specific inhibitor of Skp2, our results demonstrate that inhibition of Skp2 might be a potential strategy for the treatment of depression, and Skp2 may be potential target for the development of novel antidepressants.
- Published
- 2021
26. Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of mouse organogenesis using DNA nanoball-patterned arrays
- Author
-
Ao Chen, Sha Liao, Mengnan Cheng, Kailong Ma, Liang Wu, Yiwei Lai, Xiaojie Qiu, Jin Yang, Jiangshan Xu, Shijie Hao, Xin Wang, Huifang Lu, Xi Chen, Xing Liu, Xin Huang, Zhao Li, Yan Hong, Yujia Jiang, Jian Peng, Shuai Liu, Mengzhe Shen, Chuanyu Liu, Quanshui Li, Yue Yuan, Xiaoyu Wei, Huiwen Zheng, Weimin Feng, Zhifeng Wang, Yang Liu, Zhaohui Wang, Yunzhi Yang, Haitao Xiang, Lei Han, Baoming Qin, Pengcheng Guo, Guangyao Lai, Pura Muñoz-Cánoves, Patrick H. Maxwell, Jean Paul Thiery, Qing-Feng Wu, Fuxiang Zhao, Bichao Chen, Mei Li, Xi Dai, Shuai Wang, Haoyan Kuang, Junhou Hui, Liqun Wang, Ji-Feng Fei, Ou Wang, Xiaofeng Wei, Haorong Lu, Bo Wang, Shiping Liu, Ying Gu, Ming Ni, Wenwei Zhang, Feng Mu, Ye Yin, Huanming Yang, Michael Lisby, Richard J. Cornall, Jan Mulder, Mathias Uhlén, Miguel A. Esteban, Yuxiang Li, Longqi Liu, Xun Xu, and Jian Wang
- Subjects
Organogenesis ,Progenitors ,Cell atlas ,Mammals/genetics ,Development ,Developmental diseases ,DNA/genetics ,Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Spatial transcriptomics ,Mice ,Pregnancy ,Cell differentiation ,Animals ,Mammals ,Single-cell ,Organogenesis/genetics ,Sequence Analysis, RNA ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Single-Cell Analysis/methods ,Brain ,DNA ,Transcriptome/genetics ,Embryo, Mammalian ,Female ,Single-Cell Analysis ,Gene Expression Profiling/methods ,Mouse organogenesis ,Transcriptome ,Cell lineages - Abstract
Spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies are promising tools to study complex biological processes such as mammalian embryogenesis. However, the imbalance between resolution, gene capture, and field of view of current methodologies precludes their systematic application to analyze relatively large and three-dimensional mid- and late-gestation embryos. Here, we combined DNA nanoball (DNB)-patterned arrays and in situ RNA capture to create spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq). We applied Stereo-seq to generate the mouse organogenesis spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (MOSTA), which maps with single-cell resolution and high sensitivity the kinetics and directionality of transcriptional variation during mouse organogenesis. We used this information to gain insight into the molecular basis of spatial cell heterogeneity and cell fate specification in developing tissues such as the dorsal midbrain. Our panoramic atlas will facilitate in-depth investigation of longstanding questions concerning normal and abnormal mammalian development. This work is part of the ‘‘SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium’’ (STOC) paper package. A list of STOC members is available at: http://sto-consortium.org. We would like to thank the MOTIC China Group, Rongqin Ke (Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China), Jiazuan Ni (Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China), Wei Huang (Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China), and Jonathan S. Weissman (Whitehead Institute, Boston, USA) for their help. This work was supported by the grant of Top Ten Foundamental Research Institutes of Shenzhen, the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics (ZDSYS20190902093613831), and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write (2017B030301011); Longqi Liu was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31900466) and Miguel A. Esteban’s laboratory at the Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA16030502), National Natural Science Foundation of China (92068106), and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2021B1515120075). Sí
- Published
- 2022
27. Spatio-temporal variation and daily prediction of PM2.5 concentration in world-class urban agglomerations of China
- Author
-
Bin Ye, Dan Yan, Haitao Xiang, and Ying Kong
- Subjects
Delta ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Urban agglomeration ,Air pollution ,Humidity ,General Medicine ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Wind speed ,World class ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Physical geography ,Urban scale ,China ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
The contradiction between the development of urban agglomerations and ecological protection has long been a challenging issue. China has experienced an astonishing expansion of its urban scale in the past 40 years, and nearly 783 million of the nation’s people now live in cities. Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta have been prioritized to become world-class clusters by 2020. The health effects of air pollution in these three urban agglomerations are becoming increasingly formidable. Given these conditions, using the daily mean PM2.5 concentration in 40 cities from January 2014 to December 2016, this research explored the spatial–temporal characteristics of PM2.5 concentrations in these three urban agglomerations. The annual mean PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta are 35.39 µg/m3, 53.72 µg/m3 and 78.54 µg/m3, respectively. Compared with the other two urban agglomerations, abundant rainfall causes the Pearl River Delta to have the lowest PM2.5 level. Furthermore, a general regression neural network (GRNN) method is developed to predict the PM2.5 concentration in these clusters on the second day, with inputs including the average, maximum and minimum temperature; average, maximum and minimum atmosphere; total rainfall; average humidity; average and maximum wind speed; and the PM2.5 concentration measured 1 day ahead. The results indicate that the GRNN method can precisely predict the concentration level in these clusters, and it is especially useful for the Pearl River Delta, as the underlying influence mechanism is more specified in this cluster than in the others. Importantly, this 1-day-ahead forecasting of PM2.5 concentrations can raise awareness among the public to improve their precautionary behaviours and help urban planners to provide corresponding support.
- Published
- 2020
28. Innate immune tolerance against adolescent intermittent alcohol exposure-induced behavioral abnormalities in adult mice
- Author
-
Minxiu, Ye, Haitao, Xiang, Huijun, Liu, Zhichao, Hu, Yue, Wang, Yue, Gu, Xu, Lu, and Chao, Huang
- Subjects
Adult ,Lipopolysaccharides ,Inflammation ,Pharmacology ,Adolescent ,Ethanol ,Depression ,Immunology ,Anxiety ,Hippocampus ,Mice ,Immune Tolerance ,Humans ,Animals ,Immunology and Allergy - Abstract
It has been reported that pre-stimulation of the innate immune system in animals can prevent chronic stress-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in animals, suggesting the possibility that innate immune stimulants may prevent the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. Alcohol use, especially when it begins in adolescence, is a risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood. Preventing the pathological changes induced by alcohol exposure in adolescence could be of great importance for improving human mental health. Here, we investigated whether pre-stimulation of the innate immune system can prevent the behavioral abnormalities in a disease model induced by adolescent intermittent alcohol exposure (AIE). The results showed that a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection (100 μg/kg) one day before alcohol exposure prevented the AIE-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in the tail suspension test, forced swimming test, sucrose preference test, elevated pluz maze test, light-dark test, and open field test in adult mice. Single LPS injection (100 μg/kg) before alcohol exposure also transformed the AIE-induced neuroinflammatory responses in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in adult mice to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Suppression of the innate immune response by minocycline pretreatment abolished the preventive effect of LPS on AIE-induced abnormalities and neuroinflammatory responses in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in adult mice. These results indicate that pre-stimulation of the innate immune system may prevent the AIE-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in adult mice by preventing neuroinflammation. This may help to develop new strategies to prevent neuropsychiatric disorders induced by adolescent alcohol exposure.
- Published
- 2022
29. State of health estimation of lithium-ion batteries using Autoencoders and Ensemble Learning
- Author
-
Ji Wu, Junxiong Chen, Xiong Feng, Haitao Xiang, and Qiao Zhu
- Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Published
- 2022
30. A megadiverse naïve library derived from numerous camelids for efficient and rapid development of VHH antibodies
- Author
-
Meiniang Wang, Likun Wei, Haitao Xiang, Bingzhao Ren, Xiaopan Liu, Lin Jiang, Naibo Yang, and Jiahai Shi
- Subjects
Camelus ,Biophysics ,Animals ,Reproducibility of Results ,Cell Biology ,Antigens ,Single-Domain Antibodies ,Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ,Camelids, New World ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Antibodies ,Gene Library - Abstract
The field of antibody development is under pressure to meet rising demands for speed, cost-effectiveness, efficacy, reliability, and large-scale production. It is costly and time-consuming to immunize animals and build a single-domain antibody (sdAb) library for each target. Using the variable domain (VHH) of heavy-chain only antibodies (HcAbs) derived from blood samples of 75 non-immunized camelid animals (51 alpacas, 13 llamas, 11 Bactrian camels), and spleens from two Bactrian camels, a naïve sdAb library with extensive megadiversity and reusability was constructed. The library was evaluated using next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) and was found to contain hundreds of billions of unique clones. To confirm the availability of target-specific VHHs, a naive library was screened for a variety of targets. At least two VHH candidates were extracted for each target using a 20-day selection pipeline. Some binders had ultrahigh potencies, with binding affinities in the nanomolar range. This naïve library, in particular, offers the possibility of acquiring unique antibodies targeting antigens of interest with low feasible dissociation constant (kD) without the time, effort, and price associated in producing antibodies in animals via antigen injection. Overall, the study shows that the megadiverse naïve library provides a rapid, adaptable, and easy platform for antibody creation, emphasizing its therapeutic and diagnostic implications.
- Published
- 2022
31. IntroSpect: motif-guided immunopeptidome database building tool to improve the sensitivity of HLA binding peptide identification
- Author
-
Bo Li, Ying Huang, Haitao Xiang, Xi Zhang, Geng Liu, Leo J. Lee, Guixue Hou, Xiuqing Zhang, and Le Zhang
- Subjects
Identification (information) ,Database ,Computer science ,Database search engine ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Human leukocyte antigen ,computer.software_genre ,Binding peptide ,computer - Abstract
Although database search tools originally developed for shotgun proteome have been widely used in immunopeptidomic mass spectrometry identifications, they have been reported to achieve undesirably low sensitivities and/or high false positive rates as a result of the hugely inflated search space caused by the lack of specific enzymic digestions in immunopeptidome. To overcome such a problem, we have developed a motif-guided immunopeptidome database building tool named IntroSpect, which is designed to first learn the peptide motifs from high confidence hits in the initial search and then build a targeted database for refined search. Evaluated on three representative HLA class I datasets, IntroSpect can improve the sensitivity by an average of 80% comparing to conventional searches with unspecific digestions while maintaining a very high accuracy (∼96%) as confirmed by synthetic validation experiments. A distinct advantage of IntroSpect is that it does not depend on any external HLA data so that it performs equally well on both well-studied and poorly-studied HLA types, unlike a previously developed method SpectMHC. We have also designed IntroSpect to keep a global FDR that can be conveniently controlled, similar to conventional database search engines. Finally, we demonstrate the practical value of IntroSpect by discovering neoantigens from MS data directly. IntroSpect is freely available at https://github.com/BGI2016/IntroSpect.
- Published
- 2021
32. Mathematical Modelling of Lockdown Policy for COVID-19
- Author
-
Yuting Fu, Haitao Xiang, Hanqing Jin, and Ning Wang
- Subjects
Consumption (economics) ,Working hours ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Operations research ,Computer science ,Equilibrium ,Optimal Control ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Control (management) ,COVID-19 ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,Cournot competition ,Optimal control ,Article ,Lockdown ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,SIR ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Epidemic model ,Welfare ,General Environmental Science ,media_common - Abstract
In this paper, we extend the classic SIR model to find an optimal lockdown policy to balance between the economy and people’s health during the outbreak of COVID-19. In our model, we intend to solve a two phases optimisation problem: policymakers control the lockdown rate to maximise the overall welfare of the society; people in different health statuses take different decisions on their working hours and consumption to maximise their utility. We develop a novel method to estimate parameters for the model through various additional sources of data. We use the Cournot equilibrium to model people’s behaviour. The analysis of simulation results provides scientific suggestions for policymakers to make critical decisions on when to start the lockdown and how strong it should be during the whole period of the outbreak.
- Published
- 2021
33. AlphaBlock: An Evaluation Framework for Blockchain Consensus Algorithms
- Author
-
Haitao Xiang, Ning Wang, Hanqing Jin, Zhijie Ren, and Ziheng Zhou
- Subjects
Consensus algorithm ,050101 languages & linguistics ,Theoretical computer science ,Blockchain ,Computer science ,05 social sciences ,Throughput ,02 engineering and technology ,Core (game theory) ,Scalability ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Latency (engineering) ,Byzantine fault tolerance - Abstract
Consensus algorithm is the core of blockchain and it plays a crucial role in the performance of the blockchain. In general, there are two types of blockchain consensus algorithms: the Bitcoin-like Nakamoto consensus (NC) algorithms and the Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) consensus algorithms. These two types of consensus algorithms are fundamentally different in forms and hard to be compared. However, currently, they are often used interchangeably for similar blockchains, which naturally raises a question of "given a network, which consensus would have the best performance in practice''. In this paper, we propose AlphaBlock, a theoretical framework for the performance comparison of blockchain consensus algorithms, in particular, NC algorithms and BFT algorithms. To make fair comparisons, AlphaBlock captures the most important advantages and disadvantages of both categories. Moreover, we incorporate some of the key features of the practical blockchain networks. The results show that BFT algorithms have a superior performance over NC algorithms in most cases in both throughput and latency, expect for the low latency region in large networks, where the NC algorithms show strong competence to the best BFT algorithms.
- Published
- 2021
34. Estimating Plant Nitrogen Concentration of Rice through Fusing Vegetation Indices and Color Moments Derived from UAV-RGB Images
- Author
-
Zhengzheng Tan, Haixiao Ge, Fei Ma, Zhenwang Li, Haitao Xiang, Changwen Du, and Zhengchao Qiu
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,UAV ,Science ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,RGB-VIs ,Ranging ,plant nitrogen concentration ,02 engineering and technology ,Vegetation ,color moments ,PLSR ,RF ,01 natural sciences ,Random forest ,Feature (computer vision) ,Statistics ,Partial least squares regression ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,RGB color model ,Color moments ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Mathematics - Abstract
Estimating plant nitrogen concentration (PNC) has been conducted using vegetation indices (VIs) from UAV-based imagery, but color features have been rarely considered as additional variables. In this study, the VIs and color moments (color feature) were calculated from UAV-based RGB images, then partial least square regression (PLSR) and random forest regression (RF) models were established to estimate PNC through fusing VIs and color moments. The results demonstrated that the fusion of VIs and color moments as inputs yielded higher accuracies of PNC estimation compared to VIs or color moments as input; the RF models based on the combination of VIs and color moments (R2ranging from 0.69 to 0.91 and NRMSE ranging from 0.07 to 0.13) showed similar performances to the PLSR models (R2ranging from 0.68 to 0.87 and NRMSE ranging from 0.10 to 0.29); Among the top five important variables in the RF models, there was at least one variable which belonged to the color moments in different datasets, indicating the significant contribution of color moments in improving PNC estimation accuracy. This revealed the great potential of combination of RGB-VIs and color moments for the estimation of rice PNC.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Prediction of Rice Yield in East China Based on Climate and Agronomic Traits Data Using Artificial Neural Networks and Partial Least Squares Regression
- Author
-
Changwen Du, Fei Ma, Yuming Guo, Zhenwang Li, and Haitao Xiang
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Artificial neural network ,Mean squared error ,agronomic traits ,partial least squares regression ,lcsh:S ,Linear model ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Backpropagation ,rice yield ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Yield (wine) ,Statistics ,Partial least squares regression ,Covariate ,artificial neural network ,climate data ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Trait ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Mathematics - Abstract
Rice yield is not only influenced by factors of varieties and managements, but also by environmental factors. In this study, agronomic trait data of rice and climate data in eastern China were collected, and rice yields were predicted using a variety of algorithms, including the non-linear tool of feed-forward backpropagation neural networks (FFBN) and the linear model of partial least squares regression (PLSR). The results showed that both the agronomic traits and the climate data were significantly related with rice yield. The PLSR model showed that covariates occurred among the parameters, and modifications should be considered for climate data-based modelling. The FFBN model demonstrated better prediction performance than that of PLSR, in which the relation coefficient (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.611 vs. 0.374 and 0.578 vs. 0.865 ton/ha using climate data, respectively, and 0.742 vs. 0.689 and 0.556 vs. 0.608 using agronomic trait data, respectively. When using fused data the R2 and RMSE improved to 0.843 vs. 0.746 and 0.440 vs. 0.549, respectively. The optimum architecture of the FFBN consisted of one hidden layer with 29 neurons. Therefore, the FFBN algorithm is an effective option for the prediction of rice yield in complex systems of rice production.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of mouse organogenesis using DNA nanoball patterned arrays
- Author
-
Chuanyu Liu, Yiwei Lai, Haitao Xiang, Zhaohui Wang, Zhifeng Wang, Longqi Liu, Fuxiang Zhao, Yuxiang Li, Quanshui Li, Pura Muñoz Cánoves, Ou Wang, Michael Lisby, Shuai Liu, Huanming Yang, Bo Wang, Shiping Liu, Shijie Hao, Jian Peng, Yujia Jiang, Jan Mulder, Baoming Qin, Wenjiao Li, Huifang Lu, Sha Liao, Jin Yang, Mathias Uhlén, Miguel A. Esteban, Wenwei Zhang, Yue Yuan, Jian Wang, Mengnan Cheng, Xi Chen, Haorong Lu, Jean Paul Thiery, Xin Wang, Pengcheng Guo, Mengzhe Shen, Lei Han, Haoyan Kuang, Ye Yin, Kailong Ma, Yan Hong, Liang Wu, Zhao Li, Ming Ni, Xun Xu, Jiangshan Xu, Richard J. Cornall, Ao Chen, Xiaojie Qiu, Mei Li, Xin Huang, Feng Lin, Defeng Fu, Feng Mu, Xing Liu, Qing-Feng Wu, Huiwen Zheng, and Junhou Hui
- Subjects
Transcriptome ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Atlas (topology) ,Spatially resolved ,Time course ,Directionality ,Organogenesis ,Computational biology ,Cell fate determination ,Biology ,DNA - Abstract
SUMMARYSpatially resolved transcriptomic technologies are promising tools to study cell fate decisions in a physical microenvironment, which is fundamental for enhancing our knowledge of mammalian development. However, the imbalance between resolution, transcript capture and field of view of current methodologies precludes their systematic application to analyze relatively large and three-dimensional mid- and late-gestation mammalian embryos. Here, we combined DNA nanoball (DNB) patterned arrays and tissue RNA capture to create SpaTial Enhanced REsolution Omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq). This approach allows transcriptomic profiling of large histological sections with high resolution and sensitivity. We have applied Stereo-seq to study the kinetics and directionality of transcriptional variation in a time course of mouse organogenesis. We used this information to gain insight into the molecular basis of regional specification, neuronal migration and differentiation in the developing brain. Furthermore, we mapped the expression of a panel of developmental disease-related loci on our global transcriptomic maps to define the spatiotemporal windows of tissue vulnerability. Our panoramic atlas constitutes an essential resource to investigate longstanding questions concerning normal and abnormal mammalian development.
- Published
- 2021
37. A prophylactic effect of macrophage-colony stimulating factor on chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice
- Author
-
Chao Huang, Xu Lu, Zhuo Chen, Haitao Xiang, Yaoying Ma, Jianlin Ji, Dongjian Chen, Rongrong Yang, Pingping Tan, Haiyan He, Ting Ye, and Jinliang Chen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Macrophage colony-stimulating factor ,Male ,Social Interaction ,Stimulation ,Minocycline ,Pharmacology ,Hippocampus ,Social defeat ,Brain ischemia ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Chronic stress ,Social Behavior ,Neuroinflammation ,Inflammation ,Innate immune system ,business.industry ,Depression ,Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ,medicine.disease ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Stress, Psychological ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Innate immune activation has been shown to reduce the severity of nervous system disorders such as brain ischemia and traumatic brain damage. Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), a drug that is used to treat hematological system disease, is an enhancer of the innate immune response. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of M-CSF preconditioning on chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. Results showed that a single M-CSF injection 1 day before stress exposure at the dose of 100 and 500 μg/kg, or a single M-CSF injection (100 μg/kg) 1 or 5 days but not 10 days before stress exposure prevented CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. Further analysis showed that a second M-CSF injection 10 days after the first M-CSF injection and a 2 × or 4 × M-CSF injections 10 days before stress exposure also prevented CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors. Molecular studies revealed that a single M-CSF injection prior to stress exposure skewed the neuroinflammatory responses in the brain in CSDS-exposed mice towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. These behavioral and molecular actions of M-CSF were correlated with innate immune stimulation, as pre-inhibiting the innate immune activation by minocycline pretreatment (40 mg/kg) abrogated the preventive effect of M-CSF on CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammatory responses. These results provide evidence to show that innate immune activation by M-CSF pretreatment may prevent chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors via preventing the development of neuroinflammatory response in the brain, which may help to develop novel strategies for the prevention of depression.
- Published
- 2020
38. Qualifications of Rice Growth Indicators Optimized at Different Growth Stages Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Digital Imagery
- Author
-
Haitao Xiang, Changwen Du, Fei Ma, and Zhengchao Qiu
- Subjects
Index (economics) ,Coefficient of determination ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Rice growth ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,estimation accuracy ,growth indicators ,Statistics ,unmanned aerial vehicle ,Leaf area index ,lcsh:Science ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Mathematics ,Biomass (ecology) ,object-oriented segmentation method ,optimal index method ,rice ,multi-stage vegetation index ,food and beverages ,Vegetation ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,RGB color model ,lcsh:Q ,Stage (hydrology) - Abstract
The accurate estimation of the key growth indicators of rice is conducive to rice production, and the rapid monitoring of these indicators can be achieved through remote sensing using the commercial RGB cameras of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, the method of using UAV RGB images lacks an optimized model to achieve accurate qualifications of rice growth indicators. In this study, we established a correlation between the multi-stage vegetation indices (VIs) extracted from UAV imagery and the leaf dry biomass, leaf area index, and leaf total nitrogen for each growth stage of rice. Then, we used the optimal VI (OVI) method and object-oriented segmentation (OS) method to remove the noncanopy area of the image to improve the estimation accuracy. We selected the OVI and the models with the best correlation for each growth stage to establish a simple estimation model database. The results showed that the OVI and OS methods to remove the noncanopy area can improve the correlation between the key growth indicators and VI of rice. At the tillering stage and early jointing stage, the correlations between leaf dry biomass (LDB) and the Green Leaf Index (GLI) and Red Green Ratio Index (RGRI) were 0.829 and 0.881, respectively; at the early jointing stage and late jointing stage, the coefficient of determination (R2) between the Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Modified Green Red Vegetation Index (MGRVI) was 0.803 and 0.875, respectively; at the early stage and the filling stage, the correlations between the leaf total nitrogen (LTN) and UAV vegetation index and the Excess Red Vegetation Index (ExR) were 0.861 and 0.931, respectively. By using the simple estimation model database established using the UAV-based VI and the measured indicators at different growth stages, the rice growth indicators can be estimated for each stage. The proposed estimation model database for monitoring rice at the different growth stages is helpful for improving the estimation accuracy of the key rice growth indicators and accurately managing rice production.
- Published
- 2020
39. Out-door reliability and degradation of HIT, CIGS, n-type multi-busbar, PERC, and CdTe modules in Shanghai, China
- Author
-
Wenzhu Liu, Youlin Yu, Zhengxin Liu, Haitao Xiang, Yahui Shao, and Bing Gao
- Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Busbar ,Power degradation ,Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells ,Cadmium telluride photovoltaics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Reliability (semiconductor) ,Degradation (geology) ,Optoelectronics ,Environmental science ,Shanghai china ,business ,Pv power - Abstract
As the installation of PV power grid increases, it becomes vital to know the out-door reliability and degradation of the modules. In this study, more than 30 kW modules have been installed in Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shanghai Institute of Microsystem & Information Technology (SIMIT). The outdoor performance of seven different PV modules, i. e. HIT, CIGS, n-type multi-busbar module, PERC, and CdTe were measured from 2016 to 2018. The performance of all of the seven kinds of PV modules is excellent in March, April and May of 2018, owing to the relative low temperature and the intense irradiance. The daily and monthly PR of the PV modules displays distinct seasonal cyclic patterns. The PR calibrated to 25 °C (PRT = 25°C) is more consistent than the uncalibrated PR throughout the whole year. The comparison of the annual average uncalibrated PR is: bifacial HIT (1.0345)>CIGS (1.0258)>n-type multi-busbar module (0.9656)>monofacial HIT (0.9648)>sc-Si PERC (0.9591)>mc-Si PERC (0.9346)>CdTe (0.9067). Moreover, the power degradation after the installation more than 2 years is: mc-Si PERC (5.33%)>n-type multi-busbar module (3.19%)>sc-Si PERC (1.32%)>monofacial HIT (0.25%). The property improvement of monofacial HIT and bifacial HIT after the light soaking was observed and the power increase of bifacial HIT is 0.72% in these two years, owing to the metastability of the amorphous—crystalline silicon heterointerface after the light soaking.
- Published
- 2022
40. Research on Dynamic Assignment of Satellite Communication Tasks Based on GA Algorithm
- Author
-
Haitao Xiang, Yuan Chen, Yintao Hou, and Zhiguo Wang
- Subjects
Computer science ,Physics::Space Physics ,Crossover ,Communications satellite ,Allocation algorithm ,Task level ,Key issues ,Satellite communication systems ,Algorithm ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Resource utilization ,Coding (social sciences) - Abstract
Under the condition that satellite communication resources are limited, how to ensure the high efficiency to ensure satellite communication tasks is one of the key issues facing satellite communication systems. This article mainly introduces satellite communication tasks facing different task levels. Based on the improved GA algorithm, based on the analysis of satellite communication task parameter sets, it constructs satellite communication tasks through operations such as chromosome coding, fitness calculation, selection, crossover, and mutation. The dynamic allocation model and algorithm simulation are performed to compare the dynamic allocation and static fixed allocation methods. The simulation results show that the satellite communication task allocation algorithm based on GA algorithm can well satisfy the satellite communication task guarantees of different levels, and has certain reference value for improving the resource utilization of satellite communication systems.
- Published
- 2020
41. Asymptotic meta learning for cross validation of models for financial data
- Author
-
Chun-Hung Chen, Ying Kong, Jianwu Lin, and Haitao Xiang
- Subjects
Finance ,Meta learning (computer science) ,biology ,Computer Networks and Communications ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Big data ,biology.organism_classification ,Field (computer science) ,Cross-validation ,Set (abstract data type) ,Ordinal optimization ,Chen ,Artificial Intelligence ,Noise (video) ,business - Abstract
Meta learning is an advanced field of artificial intelligence where automatic learning algorithms are applied to acquire learning experience for a set of learning algorithms to improve learning performance. One of popular meta learning methodologies is based on cross validation, especially for selection processes among different machine learning models. However, the challenge is that it is very time-consuming to do cross validation among models in large data sets, especially in financial big data with high noise. This article proposes two asymptotic meta learning algorithms (AML-Lin and AML-Xiang), which are ordinal optimization algorithms for meta learning based on cross validation. The numerical experiments and real-world cases are conducted to illustrate its efficiency in cross validation of models in different scenarios, especially for financial data. The method proposed in this article has significant improvement by comparing with those ones in existing algorithms OCBA and IAML (e.g., see the work done by Chen et al. and Lin et al.),8 ,9 and it is new in dealing with financial data.
- Published
- 2020
42. Best investment strategy selection using asymptotic meta learning
- Author
-
Haitao Xiang, Jianwu Lin, Jian Li, and Chun-Hung Chen
- Subjects
Computer Science::Machine Learning ,Meta learning (computer science) ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Bootstrapping (linguistics) ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Field (computer science) ,Ordinal optimization ,Set (abstract data type) ,Data set ,Data analysis ,Artificial intelligence ,Time series ,business ,computer - Abstract
Meta learning is an advanced field of machine learning where automatic learning algorithms are applied to acquire meta-knowledge for a set of learning algorithms called base learners. One of meta-learning purposes is to select the best base learners for certain kind of data set to support future learning process. Comparing average out-of-sample predictability with data bootstrapping is one of popular meta-learning algorithms to measure the performance of each base learner for time series data. The challenge is that it is a very time-consuming for data analytics, such as quantitative investment time series modeling. In order to complete the meta-learning process on time before new time-series data arrive, we need to optimally allocate the limited computation budget to each learner. In this paper, we propose the Asymptotic Meta Learning (AML) to data bootstrapping process during Meta learning, which is one of asymptotic ordinal optimization algorithm for mean measure of designs with random outputs. The numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate its efficiency.
- Published
- 2020
43. The novel llama-human chimeric antibody has potent effect in lowering LDL-c levels in hPCSK9 transgenic rats
- Author
-
Naibo Yang, Meiniang Wang, Chuxin Liu, Xinhua Zhang, Xiaoyan Gao, Xiaopan Liu, Bo Li, Huang Mi, Xiuqing Zhang, Hou Yong, Lin Jiang, Xinyang Li, Ma Yingying, Shuang Yang, and Haitao Xiang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,VHH-Fc ,Pichia pastoris ,PCSK9 ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Potency ,sdAb ,Antibody ,lcsh:R5-920 ,biology ,Research ,Proprotein convertase ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Evolocumab ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Low-density lipoprotein ,biology.protein ,Molecular Medicine ,Kexin ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,LDL-c - Abstract
Background The advent of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)–inhibiting drugs have provided an effective, but extremely expensive treatment for the management of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Our aim was to explore a cost-effective application of camelid anti-PCSK9 single domain antibodies (sdAbs), which are high variable regions of the camelid heavy chain antibodies (VHHs), as a human PCSK9 (hPCSK9) inhibitor. One female llama was immunized with hPCSK9. Screening of high affinity anti-PCSK9 VHHs was carried out based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. We reported a lysate kinetic analysis method improving the screening efficiency. To increase the serum half-life and targeting properties, the constant region fragment of the human immunoglobulin gamma sub-type 4 (IgG4 Fc) was incorporated to form a novel llama-human chimeric molecule (VHH-hFc). Results The PCSK9 inhibiting effects of the VHH proteins were analyzed in two human liver hepatocellular cells (HepG2 and Huh7) and in the hPCSK9 transgenic Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat model. The hPCSK9 antagonistic potency of the bivalent VHH-hFc exceeded the monovalent VHH (P
- Published
- 2020
44. Additional file 4 of The novel llama-human chimeric antibody has potent effect in lowering LDL-c levels in hPCSK9 transgenic rats
- Author
-
Xinyang Li, Meiniang Wang, Xinhua Zhang, Chuxin Liu, Haitao Xiang, Huang, Mi, Yingying Ma, Xiaoyan Gao, Jiang, Lin, Xiaopan Liu, Li, Bo, Hou, Yong, Xiuqing Zhang, Yang, Shuang, and Naibo Yang
- Abstract
Additional file 4: Table S1. The sequences of the sdAbs.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Spatio-temporal variation and daily prediction of PM
- Author
-
Dan, Yan, Ying, Kong, Bin, Ye, and Haitao, Xiang
- Subjects
Air Pollutants ,China ,Humans ,Particulate Matter ,Neural Networks, Computer ,Cities ,Weather ,Environmental Monitoring ,Forecasting - Abstract
The contradiction between the development of urban agglomerations and ecological protection has long been a challenging issue. China has experienced an astonishing expansion of its urban scale in the past 40 years, and nearly 783 million of the nation's people now live in cities. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta have been prioritized to become world-class clusters by 2020. The health effects of air pollution in these three urban agglomerations are becoming increasingly formidable. Given these conditions, using the daily mean PM
- Published
- 2019
46. Simulation Analysis of Multipath Fading Channel Characteristics in Satellite Communication System
- Author
-
Haitao Xiang, Jianguo Xiong, Bing Ma, Huanyu Xiong, and Yintao Hou
- Subjects
Computer science ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS ,Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY ,Delay spread ,Computer Science::Performance ,Amplitude ,Transmission (telecommunications) ,Computer Science::Networking and Internet Architecture ,Communications satellite ,Electronic engineering ,Fading ,Multipath propagation ,Computer Science::Information Theory ,Communication channel ,Rayleigh fading - Abstract
Multipath fading has a great impact on the signal transmission of Satellite Communication System. This paper first introduces the multipath fading channel concept of Satellite Communication System. It analyzes the amplitude fading and delay spread for Rayleigh fading and frequency selective fading. Finally, the multi-path fading channel characteristics of Satellite Communication System are simulated and simulated. The results show that multipath fading has a large amplitude fading and delay spread on the signal transmission of Satellite Communication System, resulting in inability to communicate reliably. The simulation results have certain reference value in the channel transmission design of Satellite Communication System.
- Published
- 2019
47. Intranasal lipopolysaccharide administration prevents chronic stress-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice
- Author
-
Xu Lu, Haojie Zhu, Qun Lu, Chao Huang, Haitao Xiang, and Yifan Chen
- Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides ,Male ,Elevated plus maze ,Interleukin-1beta ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Minocycline ,Stimulation ,Anxiety ,Pharmacology ,Hippocampus ,Open field ,Social defeat ,Mice ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Animals ,Medicine ,Chronic stress ,Administration, Intranasal ,Behavior, Animal ,Depression ,Interleukin-6 ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,business.industry ,Tail suspension test ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,Neuroinflammatory Diseases ,Female ,Nasal administration ,Inflammation Mediators ,business ,Stress, Psychological ,Behavioural despair test - Abstract
We recently reported that intraperitoneal injection of a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) prevents chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. In this study, we reported that a single intranasal LPS administration (10 μg/mouse) one day prior to stress exposure produced prophylactic effects on chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-induced depression-like behaviors, which was indicated by the reduction in social interaction time in the social interaction test and the decrease in immobility time in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test. The single intranasal LPS administration prior to stress exposure was also found to prevent CSDS-induced anxiety-like behaviors, including prevention of CSDS-induced decrease in the time spent in open arms in the elevated plus maze test, decrease in the time spent in lit side in the light-dark test, and decrease in the time spent in central regions in the open field test, along with no changes in locomotor activity. Further analysis showed that the single intranasal LPS administration one day prior to stress exposure prevented CSDS-induced increase in levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β mRNA in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Inhibition of innate immune stimulation by minocycline pretreatment not only abrogated the preventive effect of intranasal LPS administration on CSDS-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, but also abrogated the preventive effect of intranasal LPS administration on CSDS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. These results demonstrate that intranasal administration of innate immune stimulants could be a potential approach for the prevention of depression and anxiety.
- Published
- 2021
48. Regulatory effects of Echinococcus multilocularis extracellular vesicles on RAW264.7 macrophages
- Author
-
Haitao Xiang, Mazhar Ayaz, Xiaola Guo, Xiaoan Cao, Xuenong Luo, Meng Su, Yadong Zheng, Jing Yang, Aijiang Guo, Shaohua Zhang, and Juntao Ding
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Down-Regulation ,Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ,Biology ,Nitric Oxide ,Echinococcus multilocularis ,Host-Parasite Interactions ,Extracellular Vesicles ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Tetraspanin ,Echinococcosis ,Annexin ,Heat shock protein ,Animals ,Macrophage ,General Veterinary ,Macrophages ,General Medicine ,Extracellular vesicle ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell biology ,Toll-Like Receptor 4 ,RAW 264.7 Cells ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Biochemistry ,Mice, Inbred DBA ,TLR4 ,Cytokines ,Parasitology - Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in intercellular communications via exchanging biological molecules, being involved in host-parasite interplay. Little is to date known about E. multilocularis EVs and their biological activities. Here spherical EVs secreted by E. multilocularis metacestodes were shown to range predominately from 34nm to 95nm in diameter. A total of 433 proteins were identified in the EVs, and the proteins involved in binding (42%) and catalytic activity (41%) were most frequently represented. Moreover, the proteins associated with EV biogenesis and trafficking, including annexin, 14-3-3, tetraspanin and heat shock protein 70kDa, were highly enriched. It was shown that the EVs remarkably suppressed NO produced by activated RAW macrophages via downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression (p
- Published
- 2017
49. EPIP: MHC-I epitope prediction integrating mass spectrometry derived motifs and tissue-specific expression profiles
- Author
-
Yongjun Li, Zhe Lin, Ren Z, Lu Zhang, Haitao Xiang, Lu J, Guixue Hou, Leo J. Lee, Han X, Wei Li, Li B, Qiu S, Lin X, Shengting Li, Lisha Chen, Guocheng Liu, Zhu S, and Hu W
- Subjects
Cell specific ,T-Cell Epitopes ,Text mining ,biology ,business.industry ,MHC class I ,biology.protein ,Tissue specific ,Tissue type ,Computational biology ,Human leukocyte antigen ,business ,Epitope - Abstract
Background Accurate prediction of epitopes presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is crucial for personalized cancer immunotherapies targeting T cell epitopes. Mass spectrometry (MS) profiling of eluted HLA ligands, which provides unbiased, high-throughput measurements of HLA associated peptides in vivo , could be used to faithfully model the presentation of epitopes on the cell surface. In addition, gene expression profiles measured by RNA-seq data in a specific cell/tissue type can significantly improve the performance of epitope presentation prediction. However, although large amount of high-quality MS data of HLA-bound peptides is being generated in recent years, few provide matching RNA-seq data, which makes incorporating gene expression into epitope prediction difficult. Methods We collected publicly available HLA peptidome and matching RNA-seq data of 34 cell lines derived from various sources. We built position score specific matrixes (PSSMs) for 21 HLA-I alleles based on these MS data, then used logistic regression (LR) to model the relationship among PSSM score, gene expression and peptide length to predict whether a peptide could be presented in each of the cell line. Comparing the feature weights and biases across different HLA-I alleles and cell lines, we observed a universal relationship among these three variables. To confirm this, we built a single LR model by pooling PSSM scores, gene expression levels and peptide length features across different HLA alleles and cell lines, and compared its performance with the allele and cell line specific LR models. Indeed, the predictive powers had no significant differences across cell lines and HLA alleles, and both substantially outperformed predictions based on PSSM scores alone. Based on such a finding, we further built a universal LR model, termed Epitope Presentation Integrated prediCtion (EPIC), based on more than 180,000 unique HLA ligands collected from public sources and ∼3,000 HLA ligands generated by ourselves, to predict epitope presentation for 66 common HLA-I alleles. Results When evaluating EPIC on large, independent HLA eluted ligand datasets, it performed substantially better than other popular methods, including MixMHCpred (v2.0), NetMHCpan (v4.0), and MHCflurry (v1.2.2), with an average 0.1% positive predictive value (PPV) of 51.59%, compared to 36.98%, 36.41%, 24.67% and 23.39% achieved by MixMHCpred, NetMHCpan-4.0 (EL), NetMHCpan-4.0 (BA) and MHCflurry, respectively. It is also comparable to EDGE, a recent deep learning-based model that is not yet publicly available, on predicting epitope presentation and selecting immunogenic cancer neoantigens. However, the simplicity and flexibility of EPIC makes it much easier to be applied in diverse situations, especially when users would like to take advantage of emerging eluted ligand data for new HLA alleles. We demonstrated this by generating MS data for the HCC4006 cell line and adding the support of HLA-A*33:03, which has no previous MS or binding affinity data available, to EPIC. EPIC is publicly available at < https://github.com/BGI2016/EPIC >. Conclusions we have developed an easy to use, publicly available epitope prediction tool, EPIC, that incorporates information from both MS and RNA-seq data, and demonstrated its superior performance over existing public methods.
- Published
- 2019
50. The White-Spotted Bamboo Shark Genome Reveals Chromosome Rearrangements and Fast-Evolving Immune Genes of Cartilaginous Fish
- Author
-
Yang Guo, Simon Ming-Yuen Lee, Jun Wang, Jiahao Wang, Shanshan Pan, Chuxin Liu, Shanshan Liu, Lingfeng Meng, Han Ren, Yue Song, Shiping Liu, Yingjia Yu, Haitao Xiang, Likun Wei, Qiwu Xu, Jiao Guo, Bingzhao Ren, Yaolei Zhang, Xin Liu, Mumdooh J. Sabir, Qun Liu, Meiniang Wang, Nahid H. Hajrah, Jiahai Shi, Huanming Yang, Hanbo Li, Xiaoyan Ding, Naibo Yang, Haoyang Gao, Yang Xi, Muhummadh Khan, Meiqi Lv, Jamal S. M. Sabir, Bingjie Ouyang, Guangyi Fan, Jian Wang, Xun Xu, Xinyu Guo, and Yuan Jiang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Genomics ,02 engineering and technology ,Chromosomal rearrangement ,Biology ,Genome ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Phylogenetics ,Genetics ,lcsh:Science ,Gene ,Evolutionary Biology ,Multidisciplinary ,Phylogenetic tree ,Chromosome ,Biological Sciences ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,White (mutation) ,030104 developmental biology ,Evolutionary biology ,lcsh:Q ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Summary Chondrichthyan (cartilaginous fish) occupies a key phylogenetic position and is important for investigating evolutionary processes of vertebrates. However, limited whole genomes impede our in-depth knowledge of important issues such as chromosome evolution and immunity. Here, we report the chromosome-level genome of white-spotted bamboo shark. Combing it with other shark genomes, we reconstructed 16 ancestral chromosomes of bamboo shark and illustrate a dynamic chromosome rearrangement process. We found that genes on 13 fast-evolving chromosomes can be enriched in immune-related pathways. And two chromosomes contain important genes that can be used to develop single-chain antibodies, which were shown to have high affinity to human disease markers by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also found three bone formation-related genes were lost due to chromosome rearrangements. Our study highlights the importance of chromosome rearrangements, providing resources for understanding of cartilaginous fish diversification and potential application of single-chain antibodies., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Inferred ancestral chromosome karyotypes of cartilaginous fish • Chromosome rearrangements resulted in fast-evolving chromosomes and immune genes • Chromosome rearrangements led to deletion of bone formation-related genes • Proved that single-domain antibodies in shark have great potential application, Biological Sciences; Genetics; Genomics; Phylogenetics; Evolutionary Biology
- Published
- 2020
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.