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Synergistic effect of soft carbon and hard carbon has been proven to be useful for obtaining excellent anode materials for potassium ion battery, which is determined by the mixing degree of precursors. Inspired by the formation of proteins in biology, peptide bonds are used to connect the precursors of the two sort of carbon to prepare soft-hard hybrid carbons with stronger synergistic effects. The hard carbon domain with nanometer size is so highly distributed in the soft carbon that the synergistic effect between two sorts of carbon is significantly enhanced. After the optimization, the diffusion coefficient of as-prepared hybrid carbon (CSHC

A highly densified electrode material is desirable to achieve large volumetric capacity. However, pores acting as ion transport channels are critical for high utilization of active material. Achieving a balance between high volume density and pore utilization remains a challenge particularly for hollow materials. Herein, capillary force is employed to convert hollow fibers to a bamboo-weaving-like flexible electrode (BWFE), in which the shrinkage of hollow space results in high compactness of the electrode. The volume of the electrode can be decreased by 96% without sacrificing the gravimetric capacity. Importantly, the conductivity of BWFE after thermal treatment can reach up to 50,500 S/m which exceeds that for most other carbon materials. Detailed mechanical analysis reveals that, due to the strong interaction between nanoribbons, Young's modulus of the electrode increases by 105 times. After SnO2 active materials is impregnated, the BWFE/SnO2 electrode exhibits an exceptionally ultrahigh volumetric capacity of 2000 mAh/cm3. Submitted/Accepted version This work was supported by the High-Quality Development Project of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China (TC210H041), the Hundred Talents program, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51872304), and the Ningbo S&T Innovation 2025 Major Special Program (2018B10024; 2019B10(17); 2020Z101).

The hierarchical carbon, i.e. the internal carbon network and external carbon shell, as the transport pathway of electrons and pyrophosphate as a conductor of Na+ are integrated to promote the sodium storage performance of the conversion-type anode.

We present as case to review and present the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of non-functional pituitary carcinoma (NFPC). We operated on a case of NFPC. After surgery, gamma knife therapy, temozolomide chemotherapy and whole craniospinal irradiation, the patient still had poor tumor control and died 7 months after operation. FPC is very rare. It needs to be diagnosed with a combination of clinical suspicion, imaging and dynamic monitoring. It is necessary to find more effective methods to control the progress of tumor while routine treatment fails.

Objective: To report the successful treatment of a patient who underwent vestibular schwannoma resection and developed intracranial infection caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB), and to review the recent relevant literature. Methods: The patient was diagnosed with MRAB infection based on clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture. The treatment included external ventricular drainage, posterior fossa decompressive craniectomy, and endoscopic lavage for fourth ventricle, subdural drainage, and intravenous injection /ventricular irrigation of sulperazone. Results: The MRAB-induced intracranial infection was successfully cured. The follow-up lasted for 84 months, and the patient has resumed normal life and work. Conclusion: Active individualized treatment should be administered at the earliest. The drainage of CSF, ventricular lavage, and proper choice of antibiotics are key to treat intracranial infections caused by MRAB.

Li-air battery (LAB), the energy-storage technology with highest theoretical energy density, is still seriously challenged by poor energy efficiency and limited durability though plenty of progresses have been made. In this work, we demonstrate that high performance LAB operated in N2-O2 (78:22) atmosphere could be achieved after limiting the inter-electrode crosstalk. The Li+-filtration membrane placed between electrodes could tailor the side reactions on lithium and suppress the anodic consumption of solvents & additives. With the adoption of lab-made blocking layer, the optimal cells stably operate for 1500 cycles with energy efficiencies as high as 90~95%, significantly better than other energy-storage systems. This approach presents the necessity of inhibiting inter-electrode crosstalk in LAB to the community, which shed light on the practical utilization of LAB as secondary batteries in the future.

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) combined with intracranial hypertension is associated with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and prognostic factor of ventriculo-peritoneal(V-P) shunt in the non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) CM patients withintracranial hypertension. Methods: A total of 136non-HIV CM patients with intracranial hypertension treated in our hospital from July 2010 to December 2019 wereretrospectively included. Fifty-seven patients underwent V-P shunt placement (the Shunt group) and 79 patients received conservative therapy (the conservative group). The clinical symptoms after treatment, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests results andtherapeutic outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: V-P shunt significantly reduced the incidences of headache, vomiting, cranial nerve injury, the intracranial pressure, and CSF leukocyte level in CM patients (all PConclusion: Our results suggested that V-P shunt is an effective and safe treatment for non-HIV CM patients combined with intracranial hypertension. Seroconversion time was the only independent factor associated with the survival outcome.

Functional carbon materials are useful for energy storage, catalysis, and pollutant adsorption, and are in high demand, for which biomass has become a valuable raw material. Molten salt carbonization and activation (MSCA) is a promising approach to converting biomass to functional biocarbon and reducing or neutralizing carbon impact on the environment. It uses a single thermal treatment and features high-efficiency conversion, rapid production, and low resource and processing costs. More importantly, in this process, the unmatched purely ionic environment at high temperatures can lead to in situ activation (pore generation) of the biocarbon and introduce desired ions into the carbon to enable unique functionalities. The biocarbon obtained possesses a fairly large specific surface area (SSA), balanced pore structure, and specific surface oxygen-containing groups for diverse applications. This review explains the fundamental and technological aspects of MSCA of biomass, focusing on the approaches, salt compositions (mixtures), processing conditions, and products. The properties of the obtained biocarbon are analyzed and compared in the context of practical applications. Areas for further investigation are also explored with the hope of this molten salt route becoming optimized and industrialized for a circular economy.

Well-defined atomically dispersed metal catalysts (or single-atom catalysts) have been widely studied to fundamentally understand their catalytic mechanisms, improve the catalytic efficiency, increase the abundance of active components, enhance the catalyst utilization, and develop cost-effective catalysts to effectively reduce the usage of noble metals. Such single-atom catalysts have relatively higher selectivity and catalytic activity with maximum atom utilization due to their unique characteristics of high metal dispersion and a low-coordination environment. However, freestanding single atoms are thermodynamically unstable, such that during synthesis and catalytic reactions, they inevitably tend to agglomerate to reduce the system energy associated with their large surface areas. Therefore, developing innovative strategies to stabilize single-atom catalysts, including mass-separated soft landing, one-pot pyrolysis, co-precipitation, impregnation, atomic layer deposition, and organometallic complexation, is critically needed. Many types of supporting materials, including polymers, have been commonly used to stabilize single atoms in these fabrication techniques. Herein, we review the stabilization strategies of single-atom catalyst, including different synthesis methods, specific metals and carriers, specific catalytic reactions, and their advantages and disadvantages. In particular, this review focuses on the application of polymers in the synthesis and stabilization of single-atom catalysts, including their functions as carriers for metal single atoms, synthetic templates, encapsulation agents, and protection agents during the fabrication process. The technical challenges that are currently faced by single-atom catalysts are summarized, and perspectives related to future research directions including catalytic mechanisms, enhancement of the catalyst loading content, and large-scale implementation are proposed to realize their practical applications. Graphical Abstract Single-atom catalysts are characterized by high metal dispersibility, weak coordination environments, high catalytic activity and selectivity, and the highest atom utilization. However, due to the free energy of the large surface area, individual atoms are usually unstable and are prone to agglomeration during synthesis and catalytic reactions. Therefore, researchers have developed innovative strategies, such as soft sedimentation, one-pot pyrolysis, coprecipitation, impregnation, step reduction, atomic layer precipitation, and organometallic complexation, to stabilize single-atom catalysts in practical applications. This article summarizes the stabilization strategies for single-atom catalysts from the aspects of their synthesis methods, metal and support types, catalytic reaction types, and its advantages and disadvantages. The focus is on the application of polymers in the preparation and stabilization of single-atom catalysts, including metal single-atom carriers, synthetic templates, encapsulation agents, and the role of polymers as protection agents in the manufacturing process. The main feature of polymers and polymer-derived materials is that they usually contain abundant heteroatoms, such as N, that possess lone-pair electrons. These lone-pair electrons can anchor the single metal atom through strong coordination interactions. The coordination environment of the lone-pair electrons can facilitate the formation of single-atom catalysts because they can enlarge the average distance of a single precursor adsorbed on the polymer matrix. Polymers with nitrogen groups are favorable candidates for dispersing active single atoms by weakening the tendency of metal aggregation and redistributing the charge densities around single atoms to enhance the catalytic performance. This review provides a summary and analysis of the current technical challenges faced by single-atom catalysts and future research directions, such as the catalytic mechanism of single-atom catalysts, sufficiently high loading, and large-scale implementation.

Metallic lithium (Li) has been regarded as an ideal candidate for anode materials in next-generation high-energy-density batteries. However, a ubiquitous spongy Li deposition results in low reversibility, huge interfacial impedance, and even safety issues, hindering its practical application. Herein, we proposed a bifunctional electrolyte (BiFE) to avoid the spongy Li deposition, in which lithium nitrate (LiNO3) facilitates a uniform granular Li nucleation via forming a kinetically favorable solid electrolyte interphase and silicon dioxide (SiO2) adsorbs anions to stabilize the electric field distribution near the electrode surface. Such a BiFE provides an even Li+ ion flux for the subsequent growth of electrochemical Li deposition, which was verified by ζ potential, Raman spectra, and specific capacitance characterizations, thus realizing a compact and uniform Li deposition via elaborative nucleation and growth regulation. An improved Li Coulombic efficiency of 99.1% can be achieved within BiFE. When used in Cu∥Li half-cells and Li∥Li symmetric cells, the high Li utilization prolonged the cycling life span to above 300 cycles and 1200 h, respectively. The compact Li deposition also resisted the corrosion of polysulfides to enhance the cycling performance of Li∥S full cells.

Elite upland rice cultivars have the advantages of less water requirement along with high yield but are usually susceptible to various diseases. Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most devastating disease in rice. Identification of new sources of resistance and the introgression of major resistance genes into elite cultivars are required for sustainable rice production. In this study, an upland rice genotype UR0803 was considered an emerging source of blast resistance. An F2 mapping population was developed from a cross between UR0803 and a local susceptible cultivar Lijiang Xintuan Heigu. The individuals from the F2 population were evaluated for leaf blast resistance in three trials 7 days after inoculation. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) by high-throughput sequencing and SNP-index algorithm was performed to map the candidate region related to disease resistance trait. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for leaf blast resistance was identified on chromosome 11 in an interval of 1.61-Mb genomic region. The candidate region was further shortened to a 108.9-kb genomic region by genotyping the 955 individuals with 14 SNP markers. Transcriptome analysis was further performed between the resistant and susceptible parents, yielding a total of 5044 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). There were four DEGs in the candidate QTL region, of which, two (Os11g0700900 and Os11g0704000) were upregulated and the remaining (Os11g0702400 and Os11g0703600) were downregulated in the susceptible parent after inoculation. These novel candidate genes were functionally annotated to catalytic response against disease stimulus in cellular membranes. The results were further validated by a quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The fine-mapping of a novel QTL for blast resistance by integrative BSA mapping and transcriptome sequencing enhanced the genetic understanding of the mechanism of blast resistance in upland rice. The most suitable genotypes with resistance alleles would be useful genetic resources in rice blast resistance breeding.

Selective deposition of lithium into a carbonaceous host is considered an effective strategy to prevent the growth of lithium metal dendrities. However, selective deposition of lithium metal into the inner spaces of a hollow carbonaceous host without nucleation seeds remains challenging. Herein, selective deposition of lithium metal is introduced by utilizing the difference in the nucleation barrier of lithium on the inner and outer surface of graphitic tubes. In situ transmission electron microscopy data indicated that uniform deposition of lithium metal into the hollow surface of graphite tubes occurred in the absence of electrolyte, and continued until the tube was fully filled. To increase the amount of lithium that can be accommodated, we contrived a novel method for preparing supersized graphite carbon tubes (S-GCTs) and demonstrated the relationship between morphology and electrochemical performance. Electrochemical study proved that the S-GCTs exhibited high coulombic efficiency (99.3% over 350 cycles) and long-running lifespan (>1200 h) with a low overpotential (

Metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have aroused extensive attention due to their high color purity, wide color gamut, and low-cost solution processability, showing great potential for application in next-generation high-definition display and solid-state lighting. Recently, the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) for PeLEDs have impressively exceeded 20%; however, they were all achieved in laboratory-scale devices (

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have attracted much attention considering their efficient combination of high energy density and high-power density. However, to meet the increasing requirements of energy storage devices and the flexible portable electronic equipment, it is still challenging to develop flexible LIC anodes with high specific capacity and excellent rate capability. Herein, we propose a delicate bottom-up strategy to integrate unique Schiff-base-type polymers into desirable one-dimensional (1D) polymeric structures. A secondary-polymerization-induced template-oriented synthesis approach realizes the 1D integration of Schiff-base porous organic polymers with appealing characteristics of a high nitrogen-doping level and developed pore channels, and a further thermalization yields flexible nitrogen-enriched carbon nanofibers with high specific capacity and fast ion transport. Remarkably, when used as the flexible anode in LICs, the NPCNF//AC LIC demonstrates a high energy density of 154 W h kg−1 at 500 W kg−1 and a high power density of 12.5 kW kg−1 at 104 W h kg−1. This work may provide a new scenario for synthesizing 1D Schiff-base-type polymer derived nitrogen-enriched carbonaceous materials towards promising free-standing anodes in LICs.

Introduction LncRNA FEZF1-AS1 has been reported to be an oncogene in many types of cancer, while its role in glioblastoma (GBM) is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the potential involvement of FEZF1-AS1 in GBM. Methods FEZF1-AS1 expression in paired GBM and non-tumor tissues from GBM patients was determined by RT-qPCR. A 2-year follow-up was performed to analyze the prognostic value of FEZF1-AS1 for GBM. Cell transfections were performed to analyze the interactions between FEZF1-AS1, miR-34a and Notch-1. Transwell assay was performed to analyze the role of FEZF1-AS1, miR-34a and Notch-1 in regulating GBM cell invasion and migration. Results In this study, analysis of TCGA dataset revealed the upregulation of FEZF1-AS1 in GBM, and the overexpression of FEZF1-AS1 in GBM was further confirmed using GBM tissues from GBM patients included in this study. High levels of FEZF1-AS1 were correlated with poor survival. FEZF1-AS1 was predicted to form base pairing with miR-34a. However, overexpression of FEZF1-AS1 and miR-34a failed to affect the expression of each other. However, upregulation of Notch-1, a target of miR-34a, was observed after FEZF1-AS1 in GBM cells. Moreover, increased invasion and migration rates of GBM cells were observed after FEZF1-AS1 and Notch-1 overexpression. MiR-34a played an opposite role and reduced the effects of FEZF1-AS1 and Notch-1 overexpression. Conclusion FEZF1-AS1 may sponge miR-34a to upregulate Notch-1 in GBM, thereby promoting cancer cell invasion and migration.

Ni-rich layered oxide (LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC), x > 60%), one of the most promising cathode materials for high-energy lithium ion batteries (LIBs), still suffers from surface instability even with the state-of-art protective coatings, which normally are limited to ≤10 nm to maintain the required kinetics. Here we demonstrate a highly conductive protective layer with bio-tissue structure that can enable high-rate operation of NMC cathodes even with a thickness exceeding 40 nm. With this thick protection layer, the modified LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathode retains 90.1% and 88.3% of its initial capacity after 1000 cycles in coin cells and pouch cells, respectively. This novel membrane is composed of crystalline nano-domains surrounded by ~1 nm amorphous phase, which is an effective distance to enable tunneling of electrons and Li+ ions between these domains. The coated NMC811 cathode releases ~55.3% less heat under thermal abuse and largely enhances his safety feature during puncture test. The coating also enables excellent electrochemical stability of NMC811 even after it was exposed to a moist environment for four weeks at 55 °C, which is critical for large-scale production of high-energy-density LIBs.

Graphene has been wildly used as a host to suppress dendrite growth to stabilize the lithium metal anode. However, the high overpotential of lithium deposition on pure graphene has to be lowered by doping or employing precious metals. Additionally, the soft nature of graphene rendered itself to aggregate, consequently squeezing room for lithium accommodation. Herein, a tough graphene framework composed of 3D periodic hollow spheres was reported as a free-standing host to stabilize lithium metal anodes. The prepared 3D periodic hollow structure not merely reinforces the framework to maintain hollow structure under pressure caused by assembling battery, but also lowers the overpotential without the help of dopant or precious metals. It is worthy to note that high efficiency of ion diffusion, thanks to the channels interconnecting hollow spheres by holes on the walls, benefits both suppression of lithium dendrite and rate capability. The properties of low density and high mechanical strength make graphene frameworks electrode a promising lightweight Li host material, which reveals a new avenue for designing high-energy density electrode materials.

Objectives Cranioorbital lesions present a great challenge for neurosurgeons and ophthalmologists. There is no consensus on the choice of surgical approach. The aims of this study were to investigate 49 cases of cranioorbital lesions and evaluate surgical approaches and outcomes. Patients and Methods A retrospective study was done on 49 patients (51 operations) from 2009 to 2018. Information about the lesion was used to decide whether the supraorbital eyebrow approach (SEA) or pterional approach (PA) was performed. Results Twenty-eight patients had surgical resection using SEA, 21 patients received PA, each group included one case of recurrence, who underwent reoperation via the same approach. SEA provided better cosmetic satisfaction, and a shorter incision than PA (p 0.05). Forty-nine cases of proptosis (94.1%, 49/51) were improved. Thirty-three patients (33/37, 89.2%) who underwent follow-up for longer than 12 weeks had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤ 3. Conclusion Surgery is the preferred treatment for cranioorbital lesions, but total resection is difficult. SEA may be a more minimally invasive option for some more limited lesions superior to optic nerve. PA may be more reasonable for the lesion with obvious hyperostosis and more extensive lesions.

In this study, we designed and synthesized an enhanced strength-toughness alginate composite fiber by using graphene oxide as reinforcing filler for removing heavy metal ions from water media. The as-prepared alginate composite fiber exhibits high affinity to Pb2+ ion, and the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb2+ reached 386.2 mg/g, which is higher than the reported Pb2+-sorbent. The prepared round-shaped nanofibers have relatively uniform distribution with a diameter of 400 nm, and the interlaced fibers form porous structure that conducive to the rapid transport of heavy metal ions. Adsorption mechanism analysis shows that the alginate composite fibers combine heavy metals mainly by ion exchange and chemical coordination effects. Owing to the excellent mechanical properties of graphene oxide, the alginate composite fibers can be used repeatedly with minimal loss in performance.

Objective: Our objective was to review 15 consecutive patients with anterior circulation aneurysms managed through a contralateral approach. Individualized surgical simulation using three-dimensional (3D) imaging was adopted to enable safe performance of clipping surgery. Methods: Five patients had multiple intracranial aneurysms, and 10 patients had a single aneurysm on the contralateral side of the craniotomy. Preoperatively, the unique architecture of aneurysms was fully understood in their 3-dimensionality reconstructed by Mimics software. The location of the cranial bone window and the patient's head position was individually optimized using a preoperative simulation system. Results: In this cohort, 17 contralateral aneurysms showed no wall calcifications. Projections of the aneurysms were superomedial (3/17, 17.6%), medial (8/17, 47.1%), posterior (3/17, 17.6%), and superior (3/17, 17.6%). The visual similarity between the simulating scene and the operative view was excellent in 100% of the cases. Four patients were treated with a contralateral pterional approach, and the remaining 11 patients were treated with a contralateral supraorbital keyhole approach. All of them were well-clipped, except 1 blister-like aneurysm being wrapped. All 15 patients had good outcomes (mRS ≤ 3) after a mean 13 months follow-up. There were no recurrences after surgical treatment. Conclusions: The contralateral approach for the selected anterior circulation aneurysms is feasible in experienced hands with acceptable morbidity. This approach should be the choice only under judicious case-to-case planning based on a preoperative 3D virtual osteotomy technique.

Once Li+ ions start mobilizing, the crystalline active particles will persistently endure the internal stresses, which originate from the lattice deformation and will remain until reaching a new equilibrium state. While it is still lack of the fundamental understanding on this effect although the particle cracking has been accepted as a failure mode. Here we demonstrate the degradation of particles' mechanical properties and their influence on cathodes' electrochemical performances with a commercial ∼4 μm LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 single-crystals as the sample materials to simplify the model. As Li+ ions reciprocating, the particle strains induce the generation of the line dislocations and accordingly the aggrandization of these bulky defects, and then eventually lacerate the particles mainly along the (110) plane, which is the cleavage plane for the layer oxides. In the selected tested points, the particle cracking is always accompanied with the inflexion of cyclic stability. Obviously, the crystalline’ fracture-strength is gradually fatigued in every cycle, and eventually can't sustain the internal stress to result in the particle cracking and cyclic-stability plummet, similar to ‘constant dripping wears away a stone’. Our approaches demonstrate that the crystalline active materials are suitable to the fracture-damage model, which is another principle for predicting the maximum of LIB's operational life.

CD8+ T cells play an important role in the anti-tumor activities of the body. The dysfunction of CD8+ T cells in glioma is unclear. This study aims to elucidate the glioma cell-derived ADAM10 (A Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10) in the suppression of CD8+ effector T cells by the induction of regulatory B cells. In this study, glioma cells were isolated from surgically removed glioma tissue and stimulated by Phorbol myristate acetage (PMA) in the culture. The levels of ADAM10 in the culture were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immune cells were assessed by flow cytometry. The results showed that the isolated glioma cells express ADAM10, which was markedly up regulated after stimulated with PMA. The glioma-derived ADAM10 induced activated B cells to differentiate into regulatory B cells, the later suppressed CD8+ T cell proliferation as well as the induced regulatory T cells, which also showed the immune suppressor effect on CD8+ effector T cell proliferation. In conclusion, glioma cells produce ADAM10 to induce Bregs; the latter suppresses CD8+ T cells and induces Tregs.

Uneven lithium (Li) electrodeposition hinders the wide application of high-energy-density Li metal batteries (LMBs). Current efforts mainly focus on the side-reaction suppression between Li and electrolyte, neglecting the determinant factor of mass transport in affecting Li deposition. Herein, guided Li+ mass transport under the action of a local electric field near magnetic nanoparticles or structures at the Li metal interface, known as the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect, are proposed to promote uniform Li deposition. The modified Li+ trajectories are revealed by COMSOL Multiphysics simulations, and verified by the compact and disc-like Li depositions on a model Fe3 O4 substrate. Furthermore, a patterned mesh with the magnetic Fe-Cr2 O3 core-shell skeleton is used as a facile and efficient protective structure for Li metal anodes, enabling Li metal batteries to achieve a Coulombic efficiency of 99.5 % over 300 cycles at a high cathode loading of 5.0 mAh cm-2 . The Li protection strategy based on the MHD interface design might open a new opportunity to develop high-energy-density LMBs.

Deficits in astrocytes function contribute to major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicide, but it remains unclear the therapeutic effect of directly reactivating astrocyte in depression. Here, specific gain and loss of astrocytic cell functions in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) bidirectionally regulates depression-like symptoms. Remarkably, recombinant human Thrombospondin-1 (rhTSP1), an astrocyte-secreted protein, exerted rapidly antidepressant-like actions through mPFC TH/dopamine/D2R pathways, but not D1R. TSP1 in the mPFC might have potential as a target for treating clinical depression.

The purpose of this study was to perform an accurate primary repair of temporal bone defects.The temporal bone defect models were performed in beagles. Extended estimated patches of the defects were predesigned by 3D reconstruction software and molded from polyether ether ketone (PEEK) using a lathe. The precise trimming of the extended PEEK patches was established via coordinate transformation of the patches between the navigation system and the reconstruction software, and in real-time tracing via intraoperative navigation. Trimmed PEEK patches were embedded onto the defects. Blood tests and image examinations were conducted postoperatively.The extended PEEK patches were prepared precisely according to the predesign. Real-time tracing of the actual skull defect profile was performed quickly and accurately. Trimmed skull patches perfectly matched the shape of the defects. No signs of infection, absorption, or translocation of the patches occurred postoperatively, and little epidural effusion was found.With the assistance of navigation and 3D reconstruction technology, customized molded PEEK patches can be used for accurate primary repair of temporal bone defects.