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Background Low-grade fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung (L-FLAC) is a rare pulmonary tumor resembling fetal lung histologically. Due to its rarity, there is limited information about L-FLAC pathogenesis and biological characteristics. Here, we describe two cases of L-FLAC treated at our hospital and summarize L-FLAC cases reported in the literature. Case presentation: We examined one woman and one man who were 30-years-old and 67-years-old, respectively. Histologically, tumor tissue from both cases had a complex glandular component with clear cuboidal and columnar cells that resembled histological features of fetal lung. In some areas, squamous morules were prominent. Immunohistochemically, nuclear/cytoplasmic expression of β-catenin was detected in both cases. Mutation analysis revealed a CTNNB1 mutation in both cases and a DICER1 mutation in 1 case. No mutations in EGFR, BRAF, KRAS, PIK3CA mutation were found. Conclusions L-FLAC showed a high frequency of CTNNB1 mutation and low frequency of EGFR, KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutation in our examined cases and in previous studies. This rare tumor has unique clinicopathological characteristics with specific genetic aberrations involving the Wnt pathway. These results provide a molecular basis for development of new therapies to treat these tumors.

No clear-cut information is available with regard to the effect of foreign atoms on the solubility limit of C in b.c.c. iron despite many previous studies. Against this backdrop, the influence of substitutional atoms (Mn, Cr, P, Si, Al) on the solubility limit of C in b.c.c. iron in equilibrium with cementite was investigated in low-carbon steels at a temperature of 700°C. In detail, the C solubility limit was determined from internal friction measurements combined with infrared analysis of C using a high-frequency combustion technique. It has been clarified that Mn, Cr, and Al hardly change the C solubility limit, whereas P and Si increase it. The thermodynamical calculation indicates that, under para equilibrium Si increases the C solubility limit and Mn hardly changes it, while under ortho equilibrium Mn and Si decrease it. However, the present experimental condition was verified to be close to ortho form. The discrepancy between the experiments and the calculations seems to come from the fact that: 1) single solute C atoms and the C atoms combined as Substitute-C complex are not distinguished experimentally, and 2) in the regular solution model, the non-uniform distribution of C atoms around alloying atoms is not introduced into the entropy term, which is something that should be studied further in the future.

The influence of substitutional atoms (Mn, Cr, Si, P, and Al) on the solubility limit of C in body-centered cubic iron in equilibrium with cementite was investigated in low-carbon steels at a temperature of 700 °C. The C solubility limit was determined from internal friction measurements combined with infrared analysis of C using a high-frequency combustion technique. Experiments clarified that Mn, Cr and Al hardly change the C solubility limit, whereas P and Si increase it.

The management of apparatus for diagnostic imaging is an important job for radiological technologists. In the last 10 years we have encountered 2227 malfunctions in 3652 days. We detected 163 cases at the initial check-up, which accounted for 7.3% of total cases. By performing an initial check-up, we detected one malfunction every 21 days and were able to keep the effects of mishaps to a minimum, prevent accidents, and obtain stable-quality images.

47,49 Ti NMR spectra of a single crystal of YTiO 3 have been obtained at 1.5 K in the ferromagnetically ordered state under an external field of 3 T. With rotation of the sample in the magnetic fie...

The influence of substitutional atoms (Mn, P, Si, Al, Cr, Co) on the C Snoek peak in b.c.c. iron was investigated. In the dilute range of the substitutes, the addition of Co, Mn, Cr, Si, P and Al resulted in the decreases in Snoek peak height in this ascending order. However, the addition of Mn to the Fe–C–P alloy hardly changes Snoek peak height. There is even a case that Snoek peak height is increased by further Mn addition to this alloy. They can be explained systematically by the proposed model wherein the solute carbon present in the influence region where the lattice distortion around the substitute is greater than the threshold value cannot contribute to the Snoek peak. The strain field generated by a substitutional atom due to the difference in atomic size is concluded to be the main reason for the reduction in Snoek peak height.

食道癌術後早期には呼吸機能低下を認めるが, その原因については十分検討されていない. 今回, 我々は食道癌術後早期の呼吸機能低下を呼吸筋力の面から検討した. 1995年2月から9月の間に右開胸, 胸腹部食道全摘, 後縦隔経路頸部食道胃管吻合術を施行した食道癌患者13例を対象とした. 呼吸筋力の指標として最大吸気口腔内圧 (MIP) と最大呼気口腔内圧 (MEP), 骨格筋力の指標に握力を, 術前日, 第3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21病日に測定した. MIP, MEPは, それぞれ第3病日で術前の42-2%, 34.7%と有意な低下を認め, 21病日には87.2%, 86l4%に回復し, FVC, FEV1.0との間にそれぞれ有意な相関を認めた. 一方, 握力はMIP, MEPとの問に強い相関を認めなかった. 以上の結果から術後呼吸機能評価の指標としてMIP, MEPは有用と考えられ, 食道癌術後早期の呼吸機能低下には骨格筋力など全身的因子よりも呼吸筋障害, 肺・胸郭complianceの低下など局所的要因が強く影響していると推測された.

胸部食道癌術後, 後縦隔経路再建胃管-右主気管支痩が発生した症例に対し, 有茎大胸筋弁による痩孔閉鎖術を施行し治癒しえた症例を報告する. 患者は63歳の男性, 胸部中部食道癌に対し1993年7月14日, 胸腹部食道全摘, 3領域リンパ節郭清, 後縦隔経路食道胃管吻合術を施行した-第13病日, 術後透視にて異常なく経口摂取開始となったが, 咳嗽が激しく経口摂取困難, また誤嚥性肺炎を合併. その後, 絶食, 中心静脈栄養, 経腸栄養を実施していたが, 第120病日, 食道造影にて胃管気管支痩を確認, 12月21日, 有茎第3肋間筋弁を用いた痩孔閉鎖術を施行したが, 術後膿胸を合併, 第40病日に胃管気管支痩の再発を確認. 当科に転院後, 1994年3月14日, 有茎大胸筋弁による痩孔再閉鎖術を施行. 術後経過良好, 気管支内視鏡, 食道内視鏡にて治癒を確認, 現在外来加療中である. 本症では, 術後経過, 内視鏡所見, 術中所見より胃管自動縫合器縫合線部循環障害が痩孔形成の原因と考えられた.

Recently, the orbital degree of freedom has attracted renewed interest in strongly correlated electron systems. The RTiO3 (R: rare earths) system is one of the attracting systems in the study of the orbital degree of freedom. While an orbital ordering state is observed in a ferromagnet YTiO3, no orbital ordering has yet been observed in an antiferromagnet LaTiO3. In this study, we have measured 47,49 Ti NMR spectra of RTiO3 (R=Y, Gd, and La). We investigate the orbital state by analyzing the NMR spectra of RTiO3.

The influence of P on the solubility of C in ferrite in equilibrium with cementite was investigated with low-carbon steels containing P ranging from 0 to 0.21 mass% over a temperature range from 573 to 973 K. The solubility of C was determined from internal friction measurements and infrared analysis of C using high frequency combustion technique. It has been found that P increases the solubility of C but decreases the Snoek peak height. The experimentally determined proportionality constant K in the equation, Sol.C (mass ppm)=K×Q -1 max (10 -4 ) increasing P content

A 63-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain and melena. He had never gone abroad but was homosexual. During two days after admission the symptoms rapidly became worse. The patient was diagnosed as panperitonitis and underwent emergency operation. During surgery perforation of the cecum associated with amebic colitis was found. Total colorectomy and ileostomy were carried out. Resected specimens of the cecum showed multiple ulcer and entamoeba histolytica was identified histologically. The patient ran a fever postoperatively and on the 13th hospital day reoperation (drainage) was performed for remnant abscess in the bilateral subphrenic spaces. The patient's life could be saved. Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient is followed on an ambulant basis. Fulminant amebic colitis in particular progresses so rapidly that its mortality rate is still very high. It also presents difficulty in diagnosis and delayed administration of anti-amebic agents might lead to poorer prognosis. In this patient remission could be attained finally, but the operative procedures employed were too invasive for an emergency operation. In that point we should reflect and realized acutely that early diagnosis was important.