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The systemic illness associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection results in hospitalization rate of 380.3 hospitalizations per 100,000 population, overwhelming health care systems. Vitamin D regulates expression of approximately 11,000 genes spanning many physiologic functions that include regulation of both innate and adaptive immune function. We investigate potential benefit of calcitriol therapy given to patients hospitalized with COVID-19. This was an open label, randomized clinical trial of calcitriol or no treatment given to hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19. Subjects were randomly assigned treatment with calcitriol 0.5 μg daily for 14 days or hospital discharge; or no treatment (1:1) at time of enrollment. We enrolled 50 consecutive patients, 25 per trial arm. The change in peripheral arterial oxygen saturation to the inspired fraction of oxygen (SaO2/FIO2 ratio) was calculated on admission and discharge between the groups. The control group had an average increase of +13.2 (±127.7) on discharge and the calcitriol group had an increase of +91.04 (±119.08) (p = .0305), suggesting an improvement in oxygenation among subjects who received calcitriol. Additionally, 12 patients in the control group required oxygen supplementation on admission and 21 of them were discharged on room air. 14 subjects needed oxygen supplementation in the calcitriol group on admission while all 25 were discharged on room air. Other clinical markers showed the average length of stay was 9.24 (±9.4) in the control group compared to 5.5 (±3.9) days in the calcitriol group (p = .14). The need for ICU transfer was 8 in the control group and 5 in the calcitriol group. There were 3 deaths and 4 readmissions in the control group and 0 deaths and 2 readmissions in the calcitriol group. This pilot study illustrates improvement in oxygenation among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with calcitriol and suggests the need for a larger randomized trial.

Background: Severe insulin resistance is unusual in young patients with type 1 DM and normal BMI. We report a case of severe insulin resistance attributed to the development of insulin antibodies. Clinical Case: An 18 year old male with uncontrolled Type 1 DM was admitted to psychiatry for management of a delusional disorder. His home insulin regimen consisted of degludec56 units daily and aspart 30 units before meals. He weighed 75 kg with a BMI of27.5 kg/m2. Initial blood work revealed hyperglycemia with glucose of 549 mg/dl, HbA1C of 10%, C-peptide of

Medicinal plants believed to have some medicinal properties and are extensively being used in herbalism. In tribal and rural areas for healthcare purposes they are the easily available source. A distinct branch of natural science which deals with numerous aspects such as archaeology, medicine and economics, cultural, religious, ecology, anthropology, botany and a number of other disciplines is called Ethnobotany. Worldwide greater importance in the above given studies of traditional remedies and herbal drugs is indicated and increase in the scientific investigation has been seen in this area. About 80% of world’s population rely upon these medicinal plants products, because they are thought to be as economical, effective and safe. Herbal plant Juniperus excelsa is extensively used as condiments, spice, herb and also use for the treatment of variety of diseases in traditional system. To review the ethnobotanical properties of Juniperus excelsa plant the present study was aimed. Different tribal communities widely uses various parts of this plant. The leaves of plant are used to lowering blood pressure, wound healing, intestinal worms, liver disease, bronchitis, treatment of hyperglycemia, ulcers, pneumonia and tuberculosis in traditional medicine. Researchers made numerous efforts through scientific biological screening to verify the efficacy of the plant. Some important pharmacological activities of the plant revealed after scrutiny of literature such as cytotoxic activity, antioxidant property, antifungal, antibacterial, anticholinesterase, antitumor, antileishmanial and antifouling potential and many more medicinal values.