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5. Viroids Infecting the Grapevine

Author

Di Serio, F., Izadpanah, K., Hajizadeh, M., Navarro, B., Meng, Baozhong, editor, Martelli, Giovanni P., editor, Golino, Deborah A., editor, and Fuchs, Marc, editor

Published
2017
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7. Effects of maternal employment on child malnutrition in South Asia: An instrumental variable approach.

Author

Hosen, MZ, Pulok, MH, Hajizadeh, M, Hosen, MZ, Pulok, MH, and Hajizadeh, M

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Although the association between child malnutrition and maternal employment status has been widely studied in several developing countries, the causal effect of mothers' employment on their children's health remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the causal effect of maternal employment on child malnutrition in five South Asian countries. METHOD: This study used a data set of >55 200 children ages 0 to 5 y by pooling the most recent Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) from Bangladesh, India, the Maldives, Nepal, and Pakistan. An instrumental variable (IV) method was applied to measure the causal effect of the mother's employment status (working mother) on stunting and underweight among children. RESULTS: Results showed that of the children in South Asia, 37.9% and 33.6% were stunted and underweight, respectively. The IV estimates suggested that maternal employment significantly increased stunting and underweight in children. For example, the likelihood of stunting and underweight increased by about 9.5% and 6.3% points, respectively, in South Asia when mothers worked. The likelihoods in Bangladesh (39.9 and 26.6%) and Pakistan (28 and 33.4%) were high but were at moderate levels in India (5.3 and 4.2%) and Nepal (8 and 9%). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, an adverse effect of maternal labor market participation on the nutritional status of under-five children in South Asian countries was found. These findings could be helpful for policymakers in South Asian countries to adopt suitable policies to reduce malnutrition among children, especially for the children of employed mothers.

Published
2023

8. Decomposition of socioeconomic inequalities in catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditure for healthcare in Canada.

Author

Hajizadeh, M, Pandey, S, Pulok, MH, Hajizadeh, M, Pandey, S, and Pulok, MH

Abstract

Despite a publicly financed health system for physician and hospital services, out-of-pocket health expenditure (OHE) accounts for a significant proportion of healthcare financing in Canada. We pooled annual Surveys of Household Spending conducted from 2010 to 2017 (n=34,105) to estimate the catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditure (COHE) burden using two definitions: the budget share (OHE exceeding 10% of a household's total consumption) and capacity-to-pay (OHE exceeding 40% of a household's total consumption minus basic subsistence needs). The Wagstaff index (WI) and the Erreygers Index (EI) were used to quantify and decompose socioeconomic inequalities in COHE. Results demonstrate that approximately 6% and 10% of the households faced COHE in Canada, depending on whether we used the budget share or capacity-to-pay approach to measure COHE. The COHE was found to be concentrated among low socioeconomic status (SES) households. Decomposition results indicate that besides SES, household characteristics (e.g., households headed by females and the presence of senior(s) in the households) were the most important factors contributing to the concentration of COHE among the poorer households. The lower utilization of healthcare services among the poor resulted in reduced COHE among these households. A higher burden of COHE is a major concern in Canada. Policies to enhance risk protection among specific populations such as the seniors are required to improve equity in healthcare financing in Canada.

Published
2023

10. Isolation and Screening of Antibacterial Activity of Actinomycetota from the Medicinal Plant, Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss.

Author

Hajizadeh, M., Pourahmad, F., and Nemati, M.

Subjects
ANTIBACTERIAL agents, MEDICINAL plants, ENDOPHYTIC bacteria, PSEUDOMONAS aeruginosa, METABOLITES, SALMONELLA enterica, AGAR
Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is rising dramatically worldwide, and thus the production of new antibiotics is indispensable. Recent scientific initiatives have focused on the bioprospecting of microorganisms' secondary metabolites, with a particular focus on the look for natural products with antimicrobial properties derived from endophytes. All plant species, regardless of their type, are thought to anchor endophytic bacteria (EB). There are many potential uses for the natural therapeutic compounds made by EB in medicine, agriculture, and the pharmaceutical industry. To investigate antibacterial properties in this study, Actinomycetota (formerly, Actinobacteria) were isolated from Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss., identified, and underwent bioprospecting by morphological and molecular methods. Samples were collected from Ilam, Iran, and then divided into roots, leaves, stems, and flowers. After disinfection, they were cut into 2 mm pieces, cultured on casein agar culture medium, and incubated at 28°C for up to four weeks. Actinomycetota was identified using the polymerase chain reaction method targeting the 16S rRNA gene. To evaluate the antibacterial properties of the isolated Actinomycetota, the agar diffusion method was used. In parallel, the frequencies of biosynthetic gene clusters, including polyketide synthase (PKS-I and PKS-II) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes, were determined in the isolated Actinomycetota. Ninety bacteria were isolated from different parts of Anthemis flowers. Thirty-eight (42.2%) of these bacteria belonged to the phylum Actinomycetota, and out of these 38, 15 isolates (39.5%) had antibacterial properties. Of these, 11 isolates (73.3%) exhibited antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, 2 (13.3%) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 3 (20%) against Escherichia coli, and two isolates (13.3%) against Salmonella enterica sub-species of enterica serovar Typhimurium. The results of the molecular analysis of PKS-I, PKS-II, and NRPS genes showed that out of 38 isolated Actinomycetota strains, 23 isolates (60.5%) carried PKS-I gene, 6 (15.8%) harbored PKS-II gene, and 20 isolates (52.6%) had NRPS gene. This study indicates that Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss. has a number of active Actinomycetota that produce secondary metabolites with antibacterial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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12. Equity in the use of physician services in Canada's universal health system: A longitudinal analysis of older adults

Author

Pulok, MH and Hajizadeh, M

Subjects
Canada, Medical Assistance, Socioeconomic Factors, Physicians, Income, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, 14 Economics, 16 Studies in Human Society, Humans, Public Health, Healthcare Disparities, Aged
Abstract

This study presents longitudinal evidence on the trends and determinants of income-related inequities in general practitioner (GP), specialist, and any physician visits among older adults (aged 65+) in Canada. Using the Canadian National Population Health Survey between 1998/99 and 2010/11, random effect probit and negative binomial models were employed to model the probability of visit and the total number of visits, respectively. The concentration index-based horizontal inequity (HI) approach was used to measure income-related inequities in physician services. The decomposition technique was applied to explain the factors contributing to the observed inequities. The mobility index (MI) was also calculated to compare short-run and long-run estimates of inequities. The HI indices reveal significant pro-rich inequities in both the probability and the number of specialist visits. Inequities in the likelihood of GP visits and any physician visits were pro-rich but trivial in magnitude. The MI shows that upwardly income mobile individuals contribute to inequity in specialist visits in the long run. After income, education was the most important contributor to inequity in specialist visits, while unobserved heterogeneity explained most of the pro-rich inequity in the total number of GP and any physician visits. Although physician services are free at the point of the provision in Canada, this study demonstrates that poorer older adults utilized fewer specialist services than richer older adults for the same level of need. Specific policies are needed to ensure equity in specialist care use among the older adults in Canada.

Published
2022

13. Equity in healthcare utilization in Canada's publicly funded health system: 2000-2014.

Author

Hirello, L, Pulok, MH, Hajizadeh, M, Hirello, L, Pulok, MH, and Hajizadeh, M

Abstract

Equity in healthcare utilization is a globally accepted measurement of health system performance. In Canada, equity is included as a policy goal in the Federal health legislation that governs healthcare systems. This study used ten cycles of the Statistics Canada Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS, n = 664,548) to examine the trends in income-related inequities in healthcare utilization in Canada from 2000 to 2014. The horizontal inequity (HI) index was used to quantify inequity in healthcare utilization for general practitioner (GP) visits, specialist physician (SP) visits and hospital admissions (HA) nationally, in urban and rural areas, and for all provinces. Nationally, GP and SP visits show pro-rich inequity, while HA demonstrates pro-poor inequity. This pattern is consistent in the provincial and urban and rural areas results. Trend analysis suggested that inequity in GP visits became more pro-poor in New Brunswick, but more pro-rich in Prince Edward Island and Quebec. Despite the inclusion of equity as a main policy goal, this study demonstrated that inequity in healthcare utilization remains a persistent issue in the Canadian healthcare system.

Published
2022

14. Price and Income Elasticities of Cigarette Smoking Demand in Bangladesh: Evidence from Urban Adolescents and Young Adults.

Author

Ahmed, MU, Pulok, MH, Hashmi, R, Hajizadeh, M, Nargis, N, Ahmed, MU, Pulok, MH, Hashmi, R, Hajizadeh, M, and Nargis, N

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Understanding the elasticities of cigarette smoking demand among the youth could help improve the effectiveness of tobacco control interventions. The objective of this study is to measure the price and income elasticities of cigarette smoking demand among urban Bangladeshi male adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years. METHOD: Using data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in seven urban districts of Bangladesh, we applied probit and ordinary least square (OLS) models to examine the effect of price and income on smoking participation (decision to smoke) and intensity (number of cigarettes smoked). RESULTS: Our results showed that price was not significantly associated with the decision to smoke, while income was a significant determinant of smoking participation. Both price and income determined the smoking intensity. The positive income elasticity (0.39) indicated that participants with greater access to money were more likely to participate in cigarette smoking and smoked more cigarettes. Negative price elasticity (-0.62) implied that increasing prices could lead to a reduction in smoking intensity among adolescents and young adults in urban Bangladesh. CONCLUSION: The inelastic price demand for cigarette smoking suggests that there is scope for increasing tax on cigarettes without compromising the tax revenue. IMPLICATIONS: This is the first study to investigate price and income elasticities among urban adolescents and young adults in Bangladesh. The study found no evidence that increasing the price of cigarettes discourages smoking participation but did show that increasing the price reduces the intensity of smoking among existing smokers. The results also suggest that economic measures such as taxation that increase the price of cigarettes could be a useful policy tool to limit smoking intensity without compromising government tax revenue.

Published
2022

20. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Child Malnutrition in Bangladesh: Do They Differ by Region?

Author

Hasan, MM, Uddin, J, Pulok, MH, Zaman, N, Hajizadeh, M, Hasan, MM, Uddin, J, Pulok, MH, Zaman, N, and Hajizadeh, M

Abstract

Socioeconomic inequality in child malnutrition is well-evident in Bangladesh. However, little is known about whether this inequality differs by regional contexts. We used pooled data from the 2011 and 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey to examine regional differences in socioeconomic inequalities in stunting and underweight among children under five. The analysis included 14,602 children aged 0-59 months. We used logistic regression models and the Concentration index to assess and quantify wealth- and education-related inequalities in child malnutrition. We found stunting and underweight to be more concentrated among children from poorer households and born to less-educated mothers. Although the poverty level was low in the eastern regions, socioeconomic inequalities were greater in these regions compared to the western regions. The extent of socioeconomic inequality was the highest in Sylhet and Chittagong for stunting and underweight, respectively, while it was the lowest in Khulna. Regression results demonstrated the protective effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on child malnutrition. The regional differences in the effects of SES tend to diverge at the lower levels of SES, while they converge or attenuate at the highest levels. Our findings have policy implications for developing programs and interventions targeted to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in child malnutrition in subnational regions of Bangladesh.

Published
2020

22. Pulmonary Thromboembolism Presenting with Recurrent Bradycardia and Hypotension

Author

Alireza Khosravi, Andalib, E., Khaledifar, A., Hajizadeh, M., Nejati, M., and Behjati, M.

Subjects
Pulmonary thromboembolism, Bradycardia, Case Report, Syncope
Abstract

Recurrent short episodes of bradycardia and hypotension are rarely reported as clinical manifestations of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). We report a case of acute massive PTE presenting with dyspnea, burning chest pain with physical activity, and recurrent transient bradycardia and hypotension at rest. Echocardiography showed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 45% with global hypokinesia. Computed tomography angiography showed a large pulmonary thromboembolism. Lytic therapy improved the right ventricular function, and the pulmonary artery pressure decreased to 38 mmHg. Recurrent bradycardia and transient hypotension at rest with syncope on activity and recovery without treatment are not common and may suggest a vasovagal mechanism. Evaluation of patients with these clinical findings could enable early diagnosis and treatment of acute PTE, with decreased morbidity and mortality.

Published
2017

25. The Correlation between OCT4B1 and Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cell Lines

Author

Mohammad Reza Mirzaei, Hasanshahi, G. H., Hajizadeh, M. R., Mahmoodi, M., Nazari, M., and Chahardoli, M.

Subjects
lcsh:R5-920, Cancer Cell Lines, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, OCT4B1, lcsh:Medicine (General), KEY WORDS: Anti-apoptotic Gene Family
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: OCT4B1, as one of the variants of OCT4 gene, is expressed at higher levels in cancer tissues and cancer cell lines, compared to other OCT4 variants. Recent studies have revealed the anti-apoptotic role of OCT4B1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of OCT4B1 suppression on the expression profile of anti-apoptotic genes in three human tumor cell lines. METHODS: In this in-vitro study, three human tumor cell lines including AGS (stomach adenocarcinoma), 5637 (bladder cancer), and U87MG (brain tumor) were purchased from the National Cell Bank of Iran (Pasteur Institute) and cultured in test and control groups. In order to suppress OCT4B1 expression, the cultures were transfected, using siRNA technology and lipofection method. After confirming the suppression process, total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Finally, the expression rates of anti-apoptotic genes were determined, using specific primers and real-time PCR technique. FINDINGS: Our data revealed an almost similar pattern of alteration in the expression profile of anti-apoptotic genes in all three cell lines. Also, BCL2, BRAF, and BFAR genes exhibited the most significant down-regulation by 20.87, 18.33, and 15.11 folds, respectively. The expression of at least 20 genes (out of 26 genes) decreased, while the expression rates of CASP2, IGF1R, TNF, and MCL1 were up-regulated or remained unchanged. Also, the expression of CFLAR gene was up-regulated in U87MG and down-regulated in other cell lines (5637 and AGS). CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, OCT4B1 suppression by blocking the expression of anti-apoptotic genes may result in the induction of apoptosis in cancer cell lines.

Published
2015

26. Determination of Hydrodynamic Regime of the Reactor Alkylation of Olefins with Paraffin in the Modified Zeolite Catalyst OMNICAT-210P

Author

Rasim Japharov P, Zulfiyya Ismailova R, Azer Gasimov A, Khazangul Piriyeva B, Ulviyya Karimova Japharova N, Tunzala Aghayeva F, and Sevinj Hajizadeh M

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Hydrocarbon, Reaction rate constant, Chemical engineering, Chemistry, Diffusion, Activation energy, Fluid catalytic cracking, Zeolite, Chemical reaction, Catalysis
Abstract

Calculations for determination of the thermal and diffusive value of Peclet’s criteria for establishment of the hydrodynamic mode of the reactor alkylation of hydrocarbons containing in gases of catalytic cracking, over industrial zeolite catalyst (OMNICAT-210P). It has been established that internal diffusion of reagents proceeds much faster than chemical reaction. From which it follows that the chemical reaction is not broken by the speed of diffusion of hydrocarbon into inside of grains of the catalyst. There have been given values of the activation energy and rate constant pre-exponential factors of the principal reactions that occur during the alkylation of hydrocarbons contained in gases of catalytic cracking.

Published
2017
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27. Molecular Characterization of Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid Variants Isolated From Stone Fruit Trees in Kurdistan Province, Iran.

Author

Karagahi, M. and Hajizadeh, M.

Subjects
*STONE fruit, *FRUIT trees, *SOUR cherry, *PEACH, *APRICOT, *SWEET cherry, *NECTARINE
Abstract

In order to investigate the possible presence and molecular features of Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid (PLMVd) in west Iran (Kurdistan Province), a total of 132 leaf samples from almond, apricot, nectarine, peach, plum, sour cherry, and sweet cherry were collected from orchards during the summer of 2016 and 2017. Reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction amplified an expected ~350 base pair DNA fragment from 34 samples. The complete genome sequencing of 17 cloned isolates was determined. Sequence alignment of the new sequences showed 94.3-100% nucleotide identity, and 79.2-100% nucleotide identity with other previously reported PLMVd isolates. In phylogenetic analysis, isolated viroid variants from this study and 32 previously reported isolates were placed in two groups (I and II). All the isolated viroid variants in the present study were placed in group II-A (mosaic-inducing isolates), together with other isolates from Australia, China, India, Iran, Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey. The secondary structure of the Iranian variants revealed their unique structures as compared with previously reported isolates of the viroid. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PLMVd infection on apricot, sweet cherry, sour cherry, and nectarine in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020

30. Regulatory effects of the novel synthesized Indole-3-carbaldehyde on expression of cell cycle genes: A study on Cyclin D and P21 expression by acute promylocytic leukemia cell line (NB4)

Author

Karimabad, M. N., primary, Mahmoodi, M., additional, Jafarzadeh, A., additional, Darekordi, A., additional, Hajizadeh, M. R., additional, Khorramdelazad, H., additional, Sayadi, A. R., additional, Khanamani Falahati-pour, S., additional, and Hassanshahi, G., additional

Published
2017
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31. Grapevine viroids and Grapevine fanleaf virus in North-West Iran

Author

Hajizadeh M., Torchetti E.M., Sokhandan-Bashir N., Navarro B., Martelli G.P., and Di Serio F.

Subjects
molecular characterization, Vitis vinifera, multiplex RTPCR, yellow speckle
Abstract

Grapevine-infecting viroids do not induce symptoms, except for Grapevine yellow speckle viroid-1 (GYSVd-1) and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid-2 (GYSVd-2), the agents of yellow speckle (YS), a disease characterized by yellow spots or flecks scattered on the leaf blade. The association of these viroids with Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is thought to elicit vein banding (VB), a syndrome characterized by chrome yellow flecks localized along the main veins and progressing into the interveinal areas of affected vines. The occurrence of these diseases and their causal agents was investigated in north-west Iran with a survey in which 137 vines were tested by multiplex RT-PCR for the presence of the five known grapevines viroids. GYSVd-1, GYSVd-2, Australian grapevine viroid (AGVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) were detected in 91%, 64%, 95%, and 100% of the tested samples, respectively, whereas Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) was not found. Combinations of three and four different viroids were present in most plants (88%) whereas GFLV was found in 50 samples (37%). The Iranian isolates of GYSVd-1, GYSVd-2, HSVd and AGVd showed minor molecular changes compared with the respective reference strains from grapevine. VB occurred in 22 vines infected by GYSVd-1, GYSVd-2 and GFLV, whereas YS symptoms, which occurred in 10% of the tested plants, were always shown by vines infected by GYSVd-1 and/or GYSVd-2. These findings are in line with the notion that assigns to GYSVd-1 and GYSVd-2 a role in the induction of YS and to both viroids and GFLV the genesis of VB.

Published
2015
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33. Mulberry leaf extract attenuates oxidative stress-mediated testosterone depletion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Author

Hajizadeh, M. R., Eftekhar, E., Fatemeh Zal, Jafarian, A., and Mostafavi-Pour, Z.

Subjects
lcsh:R5-920, Diabetes mellitus, Oxidative stress, ● Diabetes mellitus ● Morus alba ● Oxidative stress ● Testosterone, Original Article, Testosterone, lcsh:Medicine (General), Morus alba
Abstract

Background: It has been proposed that oxidative stress may contribute to the development of testicular abnormalities in diabetes. Morus alba leaf extract (MAE) has hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties. We, therefore, explored the impact of the administration of MAE on steroidogenesis in diabetic rats. Methods: To address this hypothesis, we measured the serum level of glucose, insulin, and free testosterone (Ts) as well as oxidative stress parameters (including glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde) in the testis of control, untreated and MAE-treated (1 g/day/kg) diabetic rats. In order to determine the likely mechanism of MAE action on Ts levels, we analyzed the quantitative mRNA expression level of the two key steroidogenic proteins, namely steroid acute regulatory protein (StAR) and P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), by real-time PCR. Results: The MAE-treated diabetic rats had significantly decreased glucose levels and on the other hand increased insulin and free Ts levels than the untreated diabetic rats. In addition, the administration of MAE to the diabetic rats restored the oxidative stress parameters toward control. Induction of diabetes decreased testicular StAR mRNA expression by 66% and MAE treatment enhanced mRNA expression to the same level of the control group. However, the expression of P540scc was not significantly decreased in the diabetic group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that MAE significantly increased Ts production in the diabetic rats, probably through the induction of StAR mRNA expression levels. Administration of MAE to experimental models of diabetes can effectively attenuate oxidative stress-mediated testosterone depletion. Please cite this article as: Hajizadeh MR, Eftekhar E, Zal F, Jaffarian A, Mostafavi-Pour Z. Mulberry Leaf Extract Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Mediated Testosterone Depletion in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Iran J Med Sci. 2014;39(2):123-129.

Published
2013

34. Polymorphic positions of Grapevine yellow speckle viroid-2 (GYSVd-2) in Iranian sequence variants

Author

Hajizadeh M., Sokhandan-Bashir N., Navarro B., and Di Serio F.

Abstract

To date, GYSVd-2 has been found only in few countries and grapevine is the only known natural host of GYSVd-2, which has restricted distribution in world viticulture. In this study, three GYSVd-2 isolates from three distinct regions of northwest Iran were molecularly characterized. The Iranian GYSVd-2 variants were composed of 360-363 nucleotides sharing a high sequence identity of 96-100% with each other, 97-99% with the reference sequence (NC-003612) and 99-100% with other GYSVd-2 sequences. In total, six new variants were identified with most nucleotide changes with respect to the reference variant located in the terminal left (TL) domain of the proposed rod-like secondary structure. Three and five variants showed the deletion of A356 and U363 in the TL domain, respectively. Also, substitutions of G359 by U, U360 by C and C361 by U in five variants were found. In contrast, limited nucleotide changes were observed in other domains. In silico analysis showed that some of the nucleotide substitutions would affect the predicted secondary structures but possible biological roles on viroid replication and pathogenesis are unknown and would require further investigations.

Published
2013

37. Protective Effects of Curcumin and its Nano-Phytosome on Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation in Mice Model: Behavioral and Biochemical Responses

Author

Baradaran S, Hajizadeh Moghaddam A, Khanjani Jelodar S, and Moradi-kor N

Subjects
antioxidant activity, inflammation, mice model, nano-phytosome, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Saeideh Baradaran, 1 Akbar Hajizadeh Moghaddam, 1 Sedigheh Khanjani Jelodar, 1 Nasroallah Moradi-kor 2 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran; 2Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IranCorrespondence: Nasroallah Moradi-korResearch Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Damghan Road, P.O. Box 35195-163, Semnan, IranEmail moradikor.nasroallah@yahoo.comAkbar Hajizadeh MoghaddamDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, P.O. Box 57416-13534, Babolsar, IranEmail a.hajizadeh@umz.ac.irBackground and purpose: Natural compounds are used for prevention of inflammation. Curcumin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and loading it into nano-phytosomes may improve its efficiency. The present study investigates the effects of curcumin and its nano-phytosome on behavioral and biochemical responses in carrageenan-induced inflammation in the mice model.Methods: The mice were divided into six groups and received oral administration of curcumin or its nano-phytosome at a dose of 15 mg/kg for seven days before the administration of carrageenan. Acute inflammation in the mice was induced by administration of carrageenan (1%) into the subplantar region of the left paw. Antioxidant activity and behavioral responses were then evaluated.Results: The results showed that the serum concentrations of antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher in the sal+sal group compared to the cara+sal group (P< 0.05). Using nanophytosome, separately and in combination with indomethacin, increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes compared to the cara+sal group (P< 0.05). Latency was significantly lower in the cara+sal group compared to the cara+sal group (P< 0.05), but it was considerably higher in other groups, especially in the cara+nano.ph.cur+indo group (P< 0.05).Conclusion: It can be stated that the nano-phytosome of curcumin could improve antioxidant and behavioral responses in inflamed mice.Keywords: antioxidant activity, inflammation, mice model, nano-phytosome

Published
2020

38. مطالعه اثرات برگ درخت گردو بر سطح تعدادی از عوامل بیوشیمیایی خون در موش‌های صحرایی نر دیابتی

Author

Mahmoodi, M., Fahmidehkar, M. A., Rezaeian, M., Hajizadeh, M. R., Khoshdel, A., and Boshrabadi, A. Pourrashidi

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is characterized as one of the most common endocrine diseases throughout the world. The use of antioxidants is the most preferred way to decrease complications of diabetes mellitus. Several studies showed the antioxidant effects of walnut leaf. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to survey the effects of walnut leaf animal diet on some blood biochemical metabolites in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 albino male rats (250-300 gram body weight) were divided into five groups of 8. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg). Three groups of Diabetic rats received 1%, 2% and 5% weight concentration of walnut leaf powder in daily diets. The study was performed during 28 days. The blood samples were collected at the beginning and the end of study, and biochemical parameters including HbA1c, FBS, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were assayed. Statistically, the quantitative data obtained, compared among the groups by ANOVA. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: The results of the current study showed that consumption of walnut leaf decreased TG, ALT, ALP, and HbA1c levels significantly. The consumption of 5% walnut leaf had the most effects. But it had no significant effect on FBS. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that walnut leaf has useful effects on HbA1c and ALP levels and 5% of walnut leaf powder showed the most effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016

39. Detection and identification of four vegetable fruit viruses in west and northwest of Iran.

Author

Mohammadi, K., Hajizadeh, M., and Koolivand, D.

Subjects
VEGETABLE farming, FRUIT growing, AGRICULTURE, CUCUMBER mosaic virus, CONTROL of phytopathogenic microorganisms
Abstract

Field surveys were conducted to detect the incidence of viruses in major vegetable fruit growing areas in west and northwest of Iran. A total of 100 leaf samples from various vegetable fruit crops were analyzed for Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) by RT-PCR using specific primers for each virus. Among the collected samples, the highest incidence was for CMV (46%), followed by ZYMV (35%), WMV (26%) and CGMMV (8%). Overall, 63.3%, 50%, 40%, 90%, 75% and 80% of green bean, cucumber, eggplant, squash, tomato and watermelon samples, respectively, were positive for at least one virus. CMV, ZYMV and WMV were identified in most regions, whereas CGMMV was found only in East Azerbaijan province. Mixed infections of two and three viruses in various combinations were detected in 30 and 8 samples, respectively. Restriction analysis with MspI (HpaII) on 13 PCR products of CMV coat protein revealed a previously described CMV subgroup I (S-I) specific profile (537 and 335 bp fragments) for the isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of WMV and ZYMV from watermelon, tomato, eggplant and green bean in the West and Northwest regions of Iran and first report of ZYMV infecting green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016

45. بر میزان تشکیل هموگلوبین گلایکه)Allium hirtifolium(بررسی اثر عصاره هیدروالکلی موسیر ایرانی شده در حالت برون تنی

Author

Fattahpour, Sh., Hosseini, F., Hajizadeh, M. R., Asadpour, M., Moogooei, M., Hassanshahi, Gh. H., Mirzaii, M. R., and Mahmoodi, M.

Abstract

Background & Objectives: Non enzymatic glycation is a reaction that occurs between reducing sugars and amino groups of proteins. Advanced Glycation End-products (AGE) have been accounted for principal biological processes like aging and pathogenesis of some diseases. Accumulation of AGE during hyperglycemia can cause structural and functional changes of long-lived proteins. Therefore, it will be effective to inhibit protein glycation formation in order to reduce or to improve diabetes complications. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium Hirtifolium on the formation of glycated hemoglobin. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, the effects of the various concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 gr/dl of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium Hirtifolium on the inhibition of hemoglobin glycation were examined. Hemoglobin A1c formation was assayed by ion exchange chromatography. The P-value < 0.05 was considered as the significant level. Results: 10 and 14 days after incubation, at the concentration of 40 millimollar glucose, hemoglobin A1c formation decreased significantly by using 0.5 gr/dl of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium Hirtifolium. Conclusion: The results revealed that Allium Hirtifolium can inhibit hemoglobin A1c formation in hyperglycemic condition. Therefore, it is suggested that Allium Hirtifolium can be useful for preventing the complications of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015

50. Design and Implementation of a New ZVS Interleaved Forward-Flyback Converter Using an Integrated Transformer.

Author

Taheri, M., Milimonfared, J., Fathi, S. H., and Hajizadeh, M.

Subjects
CASCADE converters -- Design & construction, ELECTRIC transformers, ELECTRIC potential, SWITCHING theory, CLAMPING circuits, MAGNETIC cores, CAPACITORS
Abstract

This paper proposes an interleaved active-clamping zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) forward-flyback converter using a single magnetic core. The presented topology is composed of an active-clamping forward converter parallel with an active-clamping flyback converter. The main switch of any converter also acts as auxiliary switch for the other one, so only two switches are required and there is no need to additional switches to achieve ZVS operation. Because of interleaved operation of the converter, the output current ripple will be reduced. Thus, the output choke and capacitor can be smaller. The transformers of converter are integrated into one magnetic core and center and outer legs are gapped. Due to the mutual influence of the coupling between the two transformers, input current ripple also can be reduced. According to the mentioned reasons, the proposed converter has high efficiency. Furthermore, the size of the converter is reduced and its power density increases. A prototype converter has been implemented and experimental results have been recorded with an ac input voltage of 85-135Vrms, an output voltage 12V and output current 16A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010

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