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Background and Objectives: The most common problems of concussions are disorders of neuropsychological skills. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of direct electrical stimulation of the brain from the skull and psychodrama on the neuro-psychological skills of adolescents with mild concussions. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the statistical population was all teenagers with brain damage in Ardabil Province who referred to Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil City in 2021-2022 and received a score of 13-15 on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Forty five people were selected from this statistical population by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 people (experimental groups 1 and 2 and a control group). The experiment group 1 underwent electrical stimulation intervention (10 sessions of 15 minutes), the experiment group 2 underwent psychodrama intervention (13 sessions of 90 minutes), and the control group did not receive any training. Continuous Performance Test, Tower of London Test, and Crawford et al.'s Retrospective and Prospective Memory Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The findings showed that there was a statistically significant difference across the treatment methods. Electrical stimulation sessions were able to positively affect the components of sustained attention (correct response F=4.961, p=0.012 and response time F=2.398, p=0.001), Tower of London Test (errors F=6.518, p=0.004), and dimensions of memory functioning (prospective memory F=12.943, p<0.001 and retrospective memory F=5.984, p=0.005) and improve cognitive dysfunction. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study, the use of electrical stimulation of the brain as a neuro-rehabilitation intervention is recommended to improve the neuropsychological skills of adolescents with mild concussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays cancer is considered as a major public health problem, hence, it always remains as a part of research priorities. Physical and psychological distress in cancer creates a lot of stress. Fatigue is one of the symptoms experienced by patients with cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of mental adjustment dimensions and disease stage in predicting cancer related fatigue. The sample comprised of 120 patients hospitalized in Tajrish Shohada Hospital in Tehran in 2014 who were selected purposively. For collecting data, the questionnaires of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy- Fatigue (FACT-F), and the mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (mini-MAC) were used. Multiple regression was also used to analyze the data. The overall regression model showed the significant role of variables such as disease stage and dimensions of mental adjustment in cancer related fatigue in such patients (p <0.01). The R2 value indicated that 17% of fatigue changes can be explained by the predictor variables. So besides providing physical care and nursing interventions, considering the presence of psychologists to pay attention to the psychological components of cancer patient's lives for increasing patient's mental adjustment and consequently reducing fatigue is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study compares the effectiveness of mindfulness meta-cognitive therapy and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on experiential avoidance, negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation, and emotional processing in people with general anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: This was a semi-experimental research with experimental and control groups. A total of 45 patients with GAD were selected using the purposeful sampling method. One group received 8 sessions of mindfulness meta-cognitive therapy (one session per week), and another group received 15 sessions of tDCS (three sessions per week; each session was 20 min in F3/F4 with an intensity of 2 mA). All subjects in two treatment groups and one waitlist control group were evaluated before and after the treatment using an acceptance and action questionnaire, cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, and emotional processing scale. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and the Tukey test. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 19. Results: The results showed that tDCS and mindfulness meta-cognitive therapy are effective in experiential avoidance (F=98.53, η2=0.744), negative strategies for cognitive emotion regulation (F=102.26, η2=0.824), and emotional processing (F=121.26, η2=0.931) in people with GAD. There is no significant difference in the experiential avoidance variable (md=0.735, P=0.575) and emotional processing (md=0.731, P=0.134) between mindfulness meta-cognitive therapy and tDCS therapy; however, in the rumination subscale, only mindfulness metacognitive therapy treatment method has been effective in the variable of negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation (md=4.63, P=0.008). Conclusion: tDCS and mindfulness meta-cognitive therapy were both effective in improving GAD symptoms, but mindfulness meta-cognitive therapy had more effects on clients' rumination. As a result, to control the negative strategies for cognitive emotion regulation, mindfulness meta-cognitive therapy has a better effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Online gaming addiction has a negative effect on the physical and mental health of adolescents. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of cognitive fusion in the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and online gaming addiction. Materials and Methods: In the current descriptive study, the statistical population included all middle school students (boys and girls) in the Education Department of Bastak (Hormozgan Province), who were studying in the academic year 2021-2022, and 350 people were selected as a sample using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method. They answered questionnaires of psychological maltreatment, cognitive fusion, and online gaming addiction. Structural equations modeling was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that emotional responsiveness, rejection/intimidation, unethical/not being honest, high expectations/inflexibility, and isolation are directly and significantly related to online gaming addiction with coefficient values of 0.48, 0.41, 0.28, 0.31, and 0.32, respectively (p<0.001). Also, emotional responsiveness, rejection/intimidation, high expectations/inflexibility, and isolation have a significant relationship with online game addiction indirectly with the mediation of cognitive fusion with coefficient values of 0.24, 0.19, 0.08 and 0.14, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed that childhood psychological maltreatment has a significant relationship directly and indirectly with the mediation of cognitive fusion, with online gaming addiction. From a practical point of view, experts can evaluate the communication methods of parents with their children on the one hand, and on the other hand, seek to reduce online gaming addiction and cognitive exploits, along with cognitive and retrospective challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group poetry therapy an improving happiness in chronic schizophrenic patients. This experimental study was conducted with a pre-test-post-test design with the control group. The population consisted of patients hospitalized in treatment and rehabilitation centers in Ardabil (2017). Among them, 22 patients were selected and they were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Eleven sessions of group poetry were performed for the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. Oxford happiness questionnaire was used to collect data and the data were analyzed by single variable Covariance analysis through SPSS-22. The results showed that after controlling the pre-test effect, the mean scores of post-test of the patients in the experimental group were higher in happiness than the scores of the control group (p < 0.05). This indicates the effectiveness of group poetry therapy intervention on patients. This study showed that group poetry therapy as a nonpharmacological treatment is effective on chronic schizophrenic patients and can be used by clinical specialists in medical centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a new diagnosis with multiple treatment challenges. The most prominent features of this disorder consist of behavioral as well as mood disruptions. There are very few treatment studies on DMDD. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on emotion regulation and irritability in students with disruptive mood disorders. Materials and Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all male students of the first secondary level of East Azarbaijan province who referred to the counseling centers of education and training departments in the academic year of 2020-2021. The study population included 30 students with disruptive mood disorders who were chosen through a nonprobability purposive sampling method. Emotional Affective Reactivity Index, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the clinical interview were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed through the statistical test of ANOVA with repeated measurements. Results: Dialectical Behavior Therapy was found to be significantly effective in reducing irritability and regulating emotions in students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorders (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the results revealed that the educational effect persisted throughout the follow-up period (P > 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results of the research, dialectical behavior therapy can increase the awareness of the disruptive mood disorder sufferers about their problems and gain a more correct understanding in dealing with problems, especially in the interpersonal field. Therefore, in the field of treatment of disruptive mood disorder, dialectical behavior therapy can be implemented as part of the treatment plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral couple therapy on on Improving social well-being in couples with marital conflict. This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study included 160 couples with marital conflict referring to 4 counseling and psychology clinic in Tehran in 2018. The sample in this study was 32 couples with marital conflict referring to 4 counseling and psychology clinic in 2018 who were selected by cluster sampling and were divided into two experimental and control groups (16 couples for each group). Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976) and social well-being (Keyes, 1998) questionnaire were used for data collection. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used for data analysis using SPSS-22 software. The results showed that cognitive-behavioral couple therapy had a significant effect on social integration, social coherence, social contribution, Social actualization and social acceptance (P <0.001). Based on these results, it can be said that cognitive-behavioral couple therapy, focusing on negative cognitions and their modification, leads to emotional and behavioral changes, which also affects their social well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A lot of research has been done on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapies in the treatment of addiction and the reduction of its long-term challenges. Correspondingly, this study was done with the aim of systematically reviewing and meta-analyzing the studies conducted in Iran on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based treatments on addiction relapse prevention. Materials and Methods: Accordingly, all articles performed in the country and published in creditable domestic or international journals were collected by searching the Sid, Magiran, Google scholar, Science direct, Web of Science and Pubmed databases. Search was conducted both in Farsi and English. After searching, screening, assessing the quality of research papers and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, data was analyzed by utilizing Pooled RD extracted from results and Metan command. Results: Out of the 503 original articles, five articles had meta-analysis criteria. The meta-analysis performed on these studies indicated the significant effectiveness of this treatment on addiction relapse prevention. Conclusion: Regarding the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapies, policy-makers and therapists need to pay more attention to the treatment of addiction using this therapeutic method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In many studies, gender role conflict is considered as one of the correlates of psychological problems. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between gender role conflict and psychological well-being among students. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, research subjects were 200 male students selected through multistage cluster sampling from Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2014. O’Neil's Gender Role Conflict Scale (1986) and Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being (2002) were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using multi-variant regression analysis. Results: The results showed that the elements of success, power, and competition can predict the components of selfacceptance (P<0.01), autonomy, and mastery over the environment (P<0.05). Limited affectivity has a significant impact on Positive relations (P<0.05) and personal growth (P<0.01), and the conflicts between work and family relations has a significant effect on positive relations (P<0.05), environmental mastery (P<0.01), and Purpose in life (P<0.01). Moreover, 42% of the variance in psychological well-being among college students is explained with gender role conflict. Conclusion: Based on these results, individuals with less gender role conflict have better psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Hearing impairment is the most prevalent sensorineural defect in human. Epidemiological studies and the following preventive programs are the first steps to save many individuals from being handicapped and non-productive. Hereby, we aimed to study the prevalence of hearing impairment in Ardabil province and to assess the prevalent causes of hearing impairment in Ardabil. Methods: In this study, 10718 cases were selected by random cluster sampling from rural and urban population in Ardabil province. Data was gathered using screening questionnaire, normal- and impaired-hearing individual questionnaire, and clinical audiometry. Statistical indices were calculated and data was analyzed using chi-square test. Results: 7.1 per thousand individuals suffer hearing impairment and 4.3 per thousand are deaf. Hearing impairment was significantly more among villagers and aged individuals (p=0.46). However, there was no significant deference between two genders (p>0.05). Our results also showed significant deference in consanguineous marriage (p=0.031), accidents in pregnancy (p=0.007), older age of mother (p=0.007), parents hearing loss, severe illness during childhood (p=0.001), low family income (p=0.004), rural housing and educational level of parents (p=0.001) with hearing impairment. Conclusion: Health status, economical, cultural and educational level of society are the most important factors associated with hearing impairment in Ardabil province. Consequently, extensive preventive programs are required to limit such factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The aim of the present study was to compare positive and negative urgency as well as sleep quality among patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Sample and method. This was a causal-comparative study. The sample included 50 patients diagnosed with ASPD and 50 patients diagnosed with BPD, as well as 50 healthy controls. All subjects were selected based on availability. The instruments used were Lynam et al.'s Impulse Control Scale and Pittsburgh's Sleep Quality Index. Results. The results show that the mean of negative urgency is significantly higher in BPD patients than in ASPD patients, whereas the mean of positive urgency is significantly higher in ASPD patients than in BPD patients. Dimensions of sleep quality in both BPD and ASPD patients are significantly higher than for healthy controls (p<0.01). Discussion. a significant difference exists among the BPD and ASPD patients and healthy controls in the positive and negative urgency and sleep quality. Conclusion. We found that BPD and ASPD patients manifest reckless behaviours both due to more negative urgency when experiencing negative emotional situations and due to positive urgency when experiencing positive emotional situations. Both patient groups show lower sleep quality, which has diagnostic and therapeutic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]