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© 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLCDirect alcohol fuel cells (DAFC) are an interesting topic today and many studies are being carried out on their development. In this study, the PtRu catalyst was developed by carbon nanofibers (CNF), which are thought to be highly effective in increasing the active surface area for alcohol oxidation in fuel cells. The methanol and ethanol oxidation electrocatalytic activities of synthesized CNF-supported Platinum–Ruthenium (PtRu@CNF) nanoparticles were investigated. In alcohol oxidation measurements of CNF-supported Pt–Ru nanoparticles; The ratio of diffusion efficiency, oxidation potential, forward oxidation peak current density, and forward peak current density to reverse peak current density was found to be quite good. The forward peak current densities of ethanol and methanol oxidation for the synthesized PtRu@CNF catalyst were found to be 29.17 mA/cm2 and 48.14 mA/cm2, respectively. The prepared PtRu@CNF nanoparticles have high conductivity, low onset potential, and high electrochemical surface area (ECSA; 20.30 cm2) as a suitable catalyst for the DAFCs.

Today, various studies are carried out to spread the understanding of sustainability. The sustainability of production processes gains importance in corporate areas. In this study, the use of glass waste instead of frit used in glaze compositions in the ceramic industry was evaluated. The chemical and physical properties of glass wastes on samples were examined. The glaze formulations were prepared using 3%, 5%, and 8% by weight of glass waste instead of frit. Glass wastes were added to glaze compositions and 12 different glaze formulation studies were carried out. Transparent, Opaque, and Matte test glazes were prepared with glass waste added glaze formulations, and these glazes were applied to ceramic bodies. SEM (scanning electron microscope) analysis of standard glaze and glass waste added glazes was performed to determine the microstructural and morphological characterizations. Also, surface whiteness, brightness, L*a*b values, glaze flows, harcort test results, and final water absorption values were compared. As a result of the studies, it has been determined that it is appropriate to use 3% glass waste by weight instead of the frit in the production of ceramic tableware. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

Monodisperse nickel/copper nanohybrids (NiCu@MWCNT) based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were prepared for the Knoevenagel condensation of aryl and aliphatic aldehydes. The synthesis of these nanohybrids was carried out by the ultrasonic hydroxide assisted reduction method. NiCu@MWCNT nanohybrids were characterized by analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. According to characterization results, NiCu@MWCNT showed that these nanohybrids form highly uniform, crystalline, monodisperse, colloidally stable NiCu@MWCNT nanohybrids were successfully synthesized. Thereafter, a model reaction was carried out to obtain benzylidenemalononitrile derivatives using NiCu@MWCNT as a catalyst, and showed high catalytic performance under mild conditions over 10-180 min. Dumlupinar UniversityDumlupinar University [2014-05, 2015-35, 2015-50]; Duzce UniversityDuzce University [2015.26.04.371] The authors would like to thank Dumlupinar University (2014-05, 2015-35, and 2015-50) and Duzce University (grant no. 2015.26.04.371) for funding. WOS:000556388300012 2-s2.0-85088705103 PubMed: 32728177

A novel nanocatalyst, multi-wall carbon nanotube supported palladium/copper (PdCu@MWCNT) nanoparticles, was synthesized for the reduction of nitroarene compounds. Characterization of the nanocatalyst was achieved by XRD, XPS, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy analysis. In this study, the hydrogenation of nitroarenes to primary amine compounds was achieved in aqueous medium at room temperature. The aniline derivatives were synthesized with high yields at mild conditions via novel PdCu@MWCNT nanocatalyst. The conversion of nitroarenes to amine derivatives was accomplished at 99% efficiency. In addition to its high activity, the PdCu@MWCNT catalyst was determined to be stable and reusable after the 3rd consecutive use for the reaction and provided 99% conversion of various compounds in the reduction reaction. Kaynasli Vocational College at Duzce UniversityDuzce University; TUBA (Turkish Academy of Sciences)Turkish Academy of Sciences; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [BIDEB 2218] The authors would like to thank Kaynasli Vocational College at Duzce University and TUBA (Turkish Academy of Sciences) for their support of this work. One of the authors, K.C. would like to thank Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) - BIDEB 2218, for the fellowship. WOS:000550077500001 2-s2.0-85084787936 PubMed: 32415148

Herein, activated carbon supported modified with bimetallic-platin ruthenium nano sorbent (PtRu@AC) was synthesized by a thermal decomposition process and used in the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The synthesized nano sorbents were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) spectroscopic techniques. The data obtained from characterization studies showed that PtRu@AC nano sorbent was highly crystalline and in a form of PtRu alloy with a monodispersed composition. The results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity (qemax) for the removal of MB with PtRu@AC under optimum conditions was detected to be 1.788 mmol/g (569.4 mg/g). The experimental kinetic results of the study revealed that the adsorption of methylene blue was found to be more compatible with the false second-order model compared to some tested models. Calculations for thermodynamic functions including enthalpy change (ΔHo), entropy change (ΔSo), and Gibbs free energy change (ΔGo) values were performed to get an idea about the adsorption mechanism. As a result, the synthesized PtRu@AC nano adsorbent was detected as a highly effective adsorbent material in the removal of MB from aquatic mediums.

NiCo (Nickel-cobalt) nanoparticles were obtained by the chemical reduction method on functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. After this process, chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry, and amperometric methods were used to investigate the electrochemical and electrocatalytic behavior of NiCo@f-MWCNT against glucose oxidation. In addition, the NiCo@f-MWCNT nanocomposites were analyzed by characterization techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in terms of the morphological and atomic structure of prepared nanomaterials. The sensitivity and limit of detection the non-enzymatic glucose sensor (NiCo@f-MWCNT) were calculated as 10,015 μA/mM−1 cm−2 0.26 μM, respectively. As a result of these studies and experiments, the NiCo@f-MWCNT nanocomposite is a really good sensor and their stability showed that the current nanomaterials expressed to be new material for the electrochemical detection of glucose.

The science world advancing day by day contributes to living systems in many areas with the development of nanotechnology. Besides being easily obtained from plants, the advantages it brings increase the importance of nanotechnology. Environmentally friendly, economical, and compatible with plants are just a few of the advantages it brings. Silver metal is one of the most preferred active ingredients in nanoparticle synthesis. Arum italicum is used in the treatment of various diseases in the health sector due to the structures it contains. In our study, nanoparticle synthesis was made by using Ag metal with Arum italicum plant. Then, the antimicrobial, DNA damage prevention and DPPH radical quenching activity of Ag NPs/Ai nanoparticles were investigated. The interaction of the plant with Ag, analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis), scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier-converted infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods has been done. It has been observed that Ag NPs/Ai clusters formed by Arum italicum with Ag have an antibacterial effect against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli pathogens. However, an antifungal effect hasn't been observed against Candida albicans fungus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria exerted a stronger effect than an antibiotic. It is seen that Ag NPs/Ai has a protective and anti-damage effect against DNA damage. The antioxidant effect of Ag NPs/Ai is remarkable when DPPH radical quenching activity is compared to positive control BHA and BHT.

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the effect of stump ligation techniques on operative time in laparoscopic appendectomy. Material and methods: The patients who underwent laparoscopic appen dectomy in our General Surgery Clinic between January 2016 and August 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The effects of stump ligation tech niques used in the operations on operative times were evaluated. Results: Sixty consecutive patients were screened and 3 groups, 20 patients in each group, were formed based on stump ligation techniques. Extracor poreal knotting – loop ligation was used in Group 1; intracorporeal knotting was used in the Group 2; hem-o-lok clip was used in Group 3.There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of gender distribution and mean age. However, there was a significant difference be tween the hem-o-lok clip group (Group III) and the intracorporeal knot group (Group II) in terms of operative time. Group III had a shorter operative time. The Group III patients had the shortest operative time, while the Group II patients had the longest operative time (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We can speculate that hem-o-lok clip among the stump liga tion techniques reduces the cost, is a safe method and shortens the opera tive time. However, prospective randomized studies with a large sample size comparing different techniques are needed to determine the ideal treat ment procedure. At the same time, stapler use may be considered in cases where the base of the appendix is too inflamed or necrosed. It is known that the use of a stapler and endoloop is more expensive than all other tech niques. However, the most important issue for the surgeon is patient safety; therefore the most appropriate technique should be preferred.

The development of fuel cell technologies and the use of clean energy sources have recently accelerated considerably. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy with an efficiency of 40%-80%. Fuel cells have many advantages, such as high efficiency, environmental friendliness, silent operation, and light weight, and it can be applied in vehicles and power plants. A fuel cell consists of an anode, the electrolyte medium that transmits the hydrogen ion and the cathode. As the fuel feeds from the anode alcohol, the cathode meets the oxygen source for the air itself. As a result of reactions in the electrodes, electrical energy is produced and water vapor from cathode, waste fuel, and CO2 is given off from the anode as by-products. In this chapter, detailed information about the types and properties of platinum-based catalysts for the alcohol oxidation of fuel cells and their applications are provided by compiling information from the research literature. In addition, economic evaluations were made by specifying the positive and negative aspects of these materials. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Fuel cells as an energy conversion device can be used in many power technologies and are open to further developments. Considering the fuel cells integrated portable devices, especially the direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) have great potential and some were demonstrated for power supply in mobile phones, digital cameras and laptops. DMCF’s popularity in portable devices is due to the high efficiency and low pollutant emission. Compared to conventional batteries, DMFCs have great potential advantages such as continuous power supply, high-power density and long service life. However, some problems prevent their widespread commercialization. In particular, since conventional batteries are still preferred since they can meet most of the portable energy demands, bringing DMFCs to a competitive level is very important at first. In order to achieve desired performance and efficiency in DMFCs; sufficient fuel quality and feed conditions are also necessary. Similar to the other fuel cell types, the most important factor for final and durable performance is the anode oxidation catalyst technology. Therefore, this chapter mainly focuses on the anode catalysts of DMFCs but also provides information about other factors for the commercialization of DMFCs.

Low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), with an operating temperature of ≤ 600°C, seem to be more advantageous than traditional SOFCs, with an operating temperature of 800-1000°C, due to their durability, affordability, and applicability. It is thought that the potential application areas of direct alcohol-fed SOFCs can be improved further by conducting studies on their fuel accessibility and portability. In this chapter, the results of low-temperature SOFCs for alcohol fuels are compiled. In addition, basic information is given on the working principle behind SOFCs, the cell components, and the electrochemical performance of the system. The studies conducted on alcohol-fed SOFCs and the data obtained were compared with those of hydrogen-fueled SOFCs, and their current situation and the aspects that need to be developed were revealed. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

In this chapter, the recent developments and antibacterial properties of metal, metal oxide-based nanomaterials have been discussed in detail. Microorganisms resistant to the effects of antibiotics and drugs administered in humans and animals may occur. In order to improve the antibacterial effects of the drugs, metal and metal oxide-based nanomaterials are highly effective and have exhibited various positive results. Due to these properties, an expanding field of use of the nanoparticles in the antibacterial field has been formed. The mechanisms of action of nanomaterials that provide antibacterial effects have not been fully elucidated. However, with the use of antibacterial effective and metal-based nanomaterials, reactive oxygen species formation were observed. Besides, some living organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, contain molecular agents that increase resistance to external influences. Disease-forming microorganisms may be resistant to both antibiotics and chromosomal gene mutations and gene transfers. The section also discusses the antimicrobial effects of sulfonamides. Additionally, specifically some effective nanoparticles, including ZnO2, TiO2, and SiO2, Ag, and Al nanoparticles are mentioned in the chapter. Some important information about the properties and characterization methods are also addressed in this report.

Energy is one of the indispensable milestones of economic and social development, as one of the necessary tools for social welfare and one of the main inputs of production activity. For this reason, it is very important to provide the energy needed by the developments in industry, the rise in living standards, and the increasing population in an adequate, reliable, and low-cost manner. For supply reliability, it is necessary to establish sustainable energy policies and reduce foreign dependency on energy resources. Today, the world’s energy needs are largely met by fossil (coal, natural gas, etc.) and nuclear fuels. In addition to all these, it is necessary to obtain suitable energy inputs for advanced technological technologies. Fuel cell technology is developing very rapidly. The application process comes from the fuel cell research process. It still continues with many problems encountered in fuel cell technology. These developments have brought new approaches to fuel cell technology, but there are still some problems, including the pH imbalance encountered in fuel cells and the failure to achieve the appropriate pH range. In this chapter, information about oxidation reaction systems and pH dependencies for electrocatalytic research is given. We need to install advanced battery systems and apply the best systems available. New applications are aimed at obtaining the best battery systems. The information has been given about the working principles of ideal pH systems. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

This chapter, the last chapter of this book, is directly related to the commercial situation of alcohol fuel cells. Information was given about the development of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs), the historical process, its development up to the present day, and the commercial aspect of the fuel cell systems. DAFCs play an important role in technology today due to their performance efficiency, and they are used in commercial notebooks, laptops, mobile phones, and other portable devices. For this reason, studies on DAFCs, in which companies compete with each other on the commercial market, are constantly being performed by researchers. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Oxidation of alcohols, especially electrochemical oxidation, is one of the most important reactions for studies on energy and fuel. Studies in this area have increased further with the advance of fuel cells, and it will remain important so long as the search for alternative energy sources for oil and other fossil fuels continues. The pH value of the environment in which the reaction takes place is as important as the alcohol and electrode types used in oxidation reactions of alcohols. Studies in this area are carried out in both acidic and basic environments. The alcohols most commonly used in studies are methanol and ethanol; however, isopropanol and butanol are also used. Among the various electrodes, platinum (Pt) has the best effectiveness. However, it also has disadvantages-namely, its high cost and the fact that its effectiveness gets reduced as a result of electrode poisoning by absorbing carbon monoxide (CO) on the surface. In recent years, studies have been made about the search for an alternative electrode to Pt. In these studies, catalysts formed by mixing similar metals with Pt in different proportions are made on Pt-free catalysts, carbon-supported catalysts, and catalysts created by combining different metals. Apart from the elements that make up the catalyst, compatibility with the reaction, working environment, and the species to be released are also very important in terms of catalyst selection and design. In this chapter, oxidation reactions in the acidic and alkaline electrolyte media of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol (the most commonly used alcohols in alcohol oxidation reactions) are described. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of acidic and alkaline environments are compared. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ethanol could be considered as a carbon-neutral and sustainable fuel source if it is produced from biomass. Ethanol is promising due to its low cost and low toxicity. There are two different types of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs): alkaline and acidic. Successful results have been reported in the electrooxidation of ethanol with platinum (Pt) catalysts in these fuel cells. Moreover, studies on Palladium (Pd) have also shown very promising results and this seems to be the primary catalyst to replace Pt. Development of a DEFC is an important field that needs to be scientifically studied on its engineering technology as well as electrochemical reactions. However, in order to obtain a commercially available fuel cell, technical problems and economic concerns need to be eliminated. This section includes both types of DEFC and gives insight into future system designs and future trends for DEFCs to achieve commercial and engineering success.

There are many studies on the discovery and development of new generation energy sources. Among these fuel sources, hydrogen is an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source. However, it is seen as an important obstacle to commercialization of hydrogen because of its cost-effectiveness. However, these problems are aimed to be overcome by the presence of various hydrogen sources. Amine borane derivatives among hydrogen sources are preferred for their ease of use, hydrogen content, and nonflammable properties. Dimethylamine borane (DMAB) is a highly preferred source of hydrogen as one of the amine borane derivatives. The hydrogenation reaction and the resulting products of DMAB will be discussed in this study. In addition, suitable catalysts should be preferred for carrying out the hydrogenation reaction. So far, several studies have been conducted for the release and catalytic activity of hydrogen from DMAB. This section will focus on the DMAB hydrolysis and dehydrogenation reaction and provide a list of the catalysts used so far.

Addressed herein, thiourea functionalized graphene oxide-based PtRu nanocatalysts (PtRu@T/GO) has been synthesized and characterized by several techniques and performed for methanol oxidation reactions as novel catalysts. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized with thiourea (T/GO) in order to obtain monothiol functionalized graphene and increase the stability and activity of the nanocatalysts. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were used for characterization of the prepared nanocatalysts. The results obtained from these techniques showed that the prepared nanocatalysts were in a highly crystalline form, well dispersed on T/GO, very small in size and colloidally stable. The average size of the synthesized nanocatalysts determined by TEM analysis was found to be 3.86 ± 0.59 nm. With HR-TEM analysis, the atomic lattice fringes of the nanocatalysts were calculated to be 0.23 nm. After the full characterization of the prepared nanocatalysts, they were tried for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and it was observed that 97.3% of the initial performance was maintained even after 1000 cycles while exhibiting great catalytic activity and stability with the help of T/GO. Thus, the arranged nanocatalysts displayed great heterogeneous catalyst characteristics for the methanol oxidation response.

The intense demand for alternative energy has led to efforts to find highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction. For this purpose, herein, graphene oxide-based platinum-cobalt nanoparticles (Pt100−xCox@GO NPs) were synthesized in different ratios and the synthesized nanoparticles were used directly as an efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The characterizations for the determination of particle size and surface composition of nanoparticles were performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The structure of the catalysts was detected as face-centered cubic and the dispersion of them on graphene oxide was homogenous (distributed narrowly (4.01 ± 0.51 nm)). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) was utilized for testing electrocatalytic activities of all prepared NPs for the methanol oxidation reaction. It was detected that the newly produced NPs were more active and stable than commercially existing Pt(0)/Co nanomaterial in methanol electro-oxidation in acidic media.

In this study, a glucose sensor modified with activated carbon supported gold-nickel (AuNi@AC) metal nanoparticles was prepared for the early diagnosis of diabetes. Electrochemical tests were carried out by determining the optimum working conditions of the prepared glucose sensor. The characterization analyses of the designed glucose sensor were performed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman Spectroscopy. It was determined that the average particle size of the nanoparticles in the AuNi alloy structure was 2.03 ± 0.37 nm. The determined detection limit of the AuNi@AC nanosensor was calculated as 0.41 μM as a result of the high linear range provided up to 1.7 mM. In addition, the sensitivity of AuNi@AC nanosensor to glucose, which has a high sensitivity value of 1955 μA mM−1 cm−2, was determined.

This study aims to investigate the antidiabetic, antimicrobial, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation prevention activity of ZnO NPs/Rr formed as a result of the interaction of Rheum ribes (R.ribes) plant with ZnO. The ZnO NPs/Rr obtained as a result of the reaction were confirmed using high-reliability characterization methods. According to the data obtained as a result of the study, it is seen that the activity of ZnO NPs/Rr to prevent lipid peroxidation is quite strong. Lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of ZnO NPs/Rr at the highest concentration of 250 μg/ml was calculated as % 89.1028. It was observed that ZnO NPs/Rr prevented DNA damage by % 92.1240 at the highest concentration of 100 μg/ml. It was determined that the antidiabetic effect of ZnO NPs/Rr formed by ZnO of R. ribes plant, which is used as a medicinal plant as an antidiabetic, was significant. It appears to have a strong antidiabetic property compared to the positive control acarbose. In our current study, it was observed that ZnO NPs/Rr formed zones ranging from 8 ± 3.0 to 21 ± 4.5 against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. It has been determined that ZnO nanoparticles have an antibacterial effect.

In this study, Antimicrobial, Antifungal and Antibiofilm activity tests on 16 bacteria and 2 fungi of Salvia marashica Ilcim, Celep & Dogan and Salvia caespitosa Montbret & Aucher ex Benth species were performed by Agar Well Diffusion and Microdilution methods. Salvia species showed sensitivity with a zone diameter of 12–16 mm. Concentrations of 0.5 mg/ml to 16 mg/ml by the dilution method were used to determine the Minimum inhibited concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBK). The MIC values of the plants are mostly 0.5 mg/ml - 4 mg/ml and MBC values are between 0.5 mg/ml - 8 mg/ml. Antifungal activity findings are remarkable on the species and it has been observed to have very high effects especially on Candida parapsilosis. When the antioxidant research findings are examined; It was observed that Salvia marashica and Salvia caespitosa plants have approximately 75% antioxidant activity at 1 mg/ml, and findings mostly directly proportional between concentrations and antioxidant activity capacity were recorded. MCF-7 and HUVEC cell lines were used to investigate anticancer activity properties. In line with the findings, while the IC50 value of Salvia marashica on the MCF-7 Cell line was 0.125 mg/ml, it was 1.65 mg/ml in the HUVEC cell line, while the IC50 value of Salvia caespitosa on the MCF-7 Cell line was 0.115 mg/ml in the HUVEC Cell line. It was found to be 9.87 mg/ml. It has been proven that both Salvia species have a cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 Cell line.

Composite materials come to the force with the studies to gain self-healing feature. This is still considered as a new repair system in which it is separated from the mechanical repair carried out in the industry. It is seen that there are various damages in the matrix and matrix-reinforcement interface of reinforced polymer matrix composites. The most important of the damage is the formation of microcracks which damage the structural properties of the composite material. A traditional bolted or connected repair system is used to stop the cracking on the material. However, this process is not a solution on its own; it means that the material is temporarily unavailable. In addition, the provision of substance for the repair of the material and the addition of labor should also be taken into account. In this chapter, a few examples are given to the applications of composite materials which can be self-healing, and the healing method is mentioned.

A novel catalyst which carbon hybrid supported platinum nanoparticles were synthesized by our group for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol derivatives. In this study, this catalyst was utilized for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol derivatives to benzaldehyde compounds in aqueous toluene at 80 degrees C. The benzaldehyde derivatives were synthesized in high yields and mild conditions in the presence of the catalyst by the developed method. Additionally, the prepared nanoparticles have been characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), the high-resolution electron micrograph (HR-TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The mean particle size of the nanoparticles determined by the XRD technique was found to be 2.83 nm in parallel with TEM analysis. TEM analysis also indicated that the Pt nanoparticles were evenly dispersed on the support material. Finally, the Pt@CHs catalyst was shown also stable and reusable for the oxidation reaction, providing

The self-healing feature allows the materials to be more reliable and long-lasting. So it continues to attract the attention of the scientific community a few decades ago for the development of these materials. During the self-healing of polymer and polymer composite materials, there are some physical and chemical processes. Therefore spontaneous recovery is an event in two stages. The first is the broken surface approach and the second is the process of improvement in the physical and chemical activities in the damaged area. These events usually co-occur. Also, the healing process causes the performance to be affected due to the interaction between kinetics and thermodynamics, and it has an essential place in the production of self-healing materials. In this chapter, by improving the physical and chemical processes in the damaged region and the principles of improvement, it contributes to a better understanding and development of the system.

PubMed ID: 31470200 Recently, the pyridazine nucleus has been widely studied in the field of particular and new medicinal factors as drugs acting on the cardiovascular system. Additionally, a number of thienopyridazines have been claimed to possess interacting biological macromolecules and pharmacological activities such as NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, anticancer, and identified as a novel allosteric modulator of the adenosine A1 receptor. The literature survey demonstrates that coumarin, 1,2-pyrazole benzothiazole, and 1,3- thiazole scaffolds are the most versatile class of molecules. In this study, a series of substituted pyrazole[3,4-d]pyridazine derivatives (2a–n) were prepared, and their structures were characterized by Mass analysis, NMR, and FT-IR. These obtained pyrazole[3,4-d]pyridazine compounds were very good inhibitors of the carbonic anhydrase (hCA I and II) isoenzymes and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with Ki values in the range of 9.03 ± 3.81–55.42 ± 14.77 nM for hCA I, 18.04 ± 4.55–66.24 ± 19.21 nM for hCA II, and 394.77 ± 68.13–952.93 ± 182.72 nM for AChE, respectively. The possible inhibition mechanism of the best-posed pyrazole[3,4-d]pyridazine and pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives and their interaction with catalytic active pocket residues were determined based on the calculations. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Reduced-graphene-oxide-supported Ni nanoadsorbents (Ni@rGO) were synthesized in this work to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions using ultrasonic process method. These synthesized nanoadsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, N2 sorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) apparatus. The effect of independent parameters (initial dye concentration, H2O2 concentration, adsorbent particle concentration, initial pH, contact time, and temperature were investigated) on dye removal efficiency with Ni@rGO nanoadsorbents. The zero charge points (pHzpc) of the Ni@rGO composite particles were determined by using experimental results. The max adsorption capacity (qemax) of the removal of methylene blue (MB) with Ni@rGO was determined as 946.12 mg g−1 as a result of experimental data under optimum conditions using ultrasonic process method. The experimental data obtained in the kinetic study concluded that the adsorption process was more consistent with the pseudo second-order model. Thermodynamic functions such as Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0), entropy change (ΔS0) and enthalpy change (ΔH0) values were investigated in order to get an idea about the working mechanism of MB as a result of adsorption interaction with Ni@rGO composite particles. As a result of all the data obtained Ni@rGO nanoadsorbent has proven to be an effective nanoadsorbent material to remove methylene blue from aqueous solution under different parameters in ultrasonic process systems.

Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) use ethanol as a fuel to obtain energy in a low temperature. This makes them one of the most important among fuel cells. However, in order to increase the efficiency of these fuel cells, highly effective catalysts should be developed. These catalysts may be of a wide variety of nanoparticles like platinum-based nanoparticles as a most efficient fuel cell catalyst. Generally, the nanoparticles related to the catalyst are obtained using functionalized carbon derivatives. The catalyst obtained in this study shows a higher electrocatalyst activity than the Pt and demonstrates excellent electrocatalytic performance for ethanol oxidation reaction. In this chapter, the reduced graphene oxide was used as a support and a composite material was obtained by synthesizing platinum–ruthenium nanoparticles (PtRu@rGO) with the help of chemical reduction method. The resultant PtRu@rGO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical activity of the catalyst was determined using chronoamperometry (CA) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques for ethanol oxidation reaction. The results showed that the prepared nanocomposite has a high catalytic activity for alcohol oxidation reaction. © 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

WOS: 000466552500083, PubMed: 31459802, Herein, we have described uniformly dispersed palladium-nickel nanoparticles furnished on graphene oxide (GO-supported PdNi nanoparticles) as a powerful heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the promotion of Knoevenagel reaction between malononitrile and aromatic aldehydes under mild reaction conditions. The successful characterization of PdNi nanoparticles on the GO surface was shown by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and TEM. GO-supported PdNi nanoparticles, which are used as highly efficient, stable, and durable catalysts, were used for the first time for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The data obtained here showed that the GO-supported PdNi nanocatalyst had a unique catalytic activity and demonstrated that it could be reused five times without a significant decrease in the catalytic performance. The use of this nanocatalyst results in a very short reaction time under mild reaction conditions, high recyclability, excellent catalytic activity, and a straightforward work-up procedure for Knoevenagel condensation of malononitrile and aromatic aldehydes., DPU BAP [2014-05], The authors would like to thank DPU BAP for funding (2014-05).

Ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) have great applications, in terms of being utilized in areas, such as actuators, artificial muscles and more. These composite can also be used for robotics, biomedical and biomimetic applications. Among these applications, ionic polymer metal composite actuators are mostly preferred devices used in some applications, such as biomimetic robotics, biomedical devices, manipulation systems etc. For these types of actuators, ion-exchange polymer-metal composite (IPMC) is very attractive and active materials, and the synthesis and characterization conditions are very important parameters that should be thought. For this reason, this chapter provides information on ionic polymer metal composite actuators that can be operated under dry conditions.

Graphene is a two-dimensional allotrope of the carbon element, which is one of the most powerful materials of the 21st century. In order to facilitate the processing of the graphene, solvent-supported methods such as rotation coating, layer by layer assembly, and filtration are used. Single layer graphene prevents agglomeration of the material while reducing reactions occur. According to the studies in the literature, the chemical functionalization of graphene is performed by covalent and non-covalent modification techniques on substrate like copper. Besides, graphene can be used in many material production areas, such as polymer nanocomposites, drug delivery system, supercapacitor devices, solar cells, biosensors, and memory devices. © 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

The ionic polymer-metal composite membranes are generally perfluorinated membranes such as Nafion and Flemion. These composites are mostly electroactive materials and they can be used as activators and sensors. The electrochemical-mechanical properties of ionic polymer-metal composites depend on many factors, such as the nature of the solvent, the morphology of the electrodes, and also other factors. This chapter provides general information about the preparation methods of the ionic polymer-metal composite membranes.

Herein, the composite of palladium nanoparticles and graphene oxide (CPG) has been synthesized by a facile and very efficient method that provided chemical selectivity and high catalytic activity. The synthesized CPG was characterized by several techniques such as transmission and high-resolution electron microscopy (TEM and HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, and Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). CPG was tested for selective reduction of nitroarenes at room temperature. After the addition of CPG to the reaction media, catalytic performances were depended upon the cooperative effect of hydrogen activation with Pd nanoparticles, where the lack of electrons favors an excellent performance. Nitroarenes can be bound to the energetically preferred adsorption site for the nitro group in electrically enriched graphene oxide. In addition, the Pd nanoparticles transfer electrons to the graphene oxide which increases the functions of metal and carbon support. CPG exhibits both chemoprotective and high catalytic performance for hydrogenation of nitroarenes at room temperature. Aniline derivatives were obtained with high yields under mild conditions and a practical catalytic system was developed by the use of CPG.