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There is a growing body of evidence indicating retinal layer thinning in schizophrenia. However, neuropathological processes underlying these retinal structural changes and its clinical correlates are yet to be known. Here, we aim to investigate the clinical and biological correlates of OCT findings in schizophrenia. 50 schizophrenia patients and 40 healthy controls were recruited. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and macular and choroidal thicknesses were recorded. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was applied. Fasting glucose, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol levels, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels were measured. Right IPL was significantly thinner in patients than the controls after controlling for various confounders (F = 5.42, p = .02). Higher IL-6, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha levels were associated with decreased left macular thickness (r = - 0.26, p = .027, r = - 0.30, p = 0.012, and r = - 0.24, p = .046, respectively) and higher IL-6 was associated with thinning of right IPL (r = - 0.27, p = 0.023) and left choroid (r = - 0.23, p = .044) in the overall sample. Thinning of right IPL and left macula were also associated with worse executive functioning (r = 0.37, p = 0.004 and r = 0.33, p = 0.009) and attention (r = 0.31, p = 0.018 and r = 0.30, p = 0.025). In patients with schizophrenia, IPL thinning was associated with increased BMI (r = - 0.44, p = 0.009) and decreased HDL levels (r = 0.43, p = 0.021). Decreased TNF-alpha level was related to IPL thinning, especially in the left eye (r = 0.40, p = 0.022). These findings support the hypothesis that OCT might provide the opportunity to establish an accessible and non-invasive probe of brain pathology in schizophrenia and related disorders. However, future studies investigating retinal structural changes as a biological marker for schizophrenia should also consider the metabolic state of the subjects.

We aimed to evaluate the optical coherence tomography(OCT) findings and oxidative stress parameters in patients with bipolar disorder(BD) and their unaffected first-degree relatives(FDRs) and to explore OCT findings and oxidative stress parameters as potential endophenotype candidates.Fifty patients with BD, 40 FDRs of BD, and 50 healthy controls(HCs) were included. OCT was performed to measure peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL), ganglion cell layer(GCL), inner plexiform layer(IPL), central macular, and minimum foveal thicknesses(CMT and MFT), choroidal thickness(ChT). 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal(HNE), total thiol(TT), native thiol(NT), total oxidant status(TOS), total antioxidant status(TAS), disulfide(DIS) and oxidative stress index(OSI) were measured from serum samples.TOS was higher patients with BD and FDRs than HCs (p .001 and p = .012, respectively). OSI, DIS, HNE levels were higher patients with BD and FDRs than HCs (p .001). TAS, TT, NT levels were lower patients and FDRs than HCs (p .001). MFT of patients was thinner than HCs (p = .001). CMT of patients was thinner than HCs (p = .006); the same trend was observed in FDRs but did not reach the statistical significance level (p = .07). The groups did not differ on RNFL and choroidal thickness or GCL and IPL volume.Evaluation of only a few retinal layers.TOS, TAS, OSI, TT, NT, DIS, HNE can be useful endophenotype biomarkers in BD. Among the OCT findings, CMT was determined as the closest parameter to being an endophenotype biomarker. Our study corroborates that oxidative stress parameters are more effective than OCT findings in endophenotype studies.

This paper deals with the influence of different RANS turbulence models on the numerical modelling of a 3D rectangular symmetrical wing in ground effect. Travelling near a solid surface, so-called ground effect, considerably alters the aerodynamic characteristics of a wing. This paper aims to investigate the performance of the widely used eddy viscosity turbulence models while predicting the changing aerodynamic behavior due to the ground effect. Three different RANS turbulence models, realizable , SST and Spalart-Allmaras models are taken into consideration. The effectiveness of the turbulence models were tasted in comparison with the experimental data in different angles of attack and ground heights. Results reveals that, the effect of the turbulence models on the numerical accuracy of the ground effect aerodynamics calculations are related to the altitude and the angle of attack. The choice of the turbulence model becomes important when the wing travels in very close proximity to the ground and the angle of attack is low or negative. The discrepancy of the calculated results mainly comes from the pressure distribution variations on the lower side of the wing. For high angles of attack, or relatively larger ground heights, the difference between the predictions of the turbulence models become negligible., Bu çalışma, farklı RANS türbülans modellerinin Zemin etkisinde çalışan 3B simetrik bir kare kanatın sayısal modellemesindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Katı bir Zemin yakınında hareket etme, ya da bilinen ismiyle yer etkisi, bir kanatın aerodinamik karakteristiğini öenmli oranda etkiler. Bu makalede amaç, farklı eddy viskozitesi türbülans modellerinin yer etkisi esnasındaki aerodinamik davranışı modelleme yönünden performansının araştırılmasıdır. Üç farklı türbülans modeli, realizable , SST and Spalart-Allmaras modelleri incelemeye dahil edilmiştir. Türbülans modellerinin etkinlikleri farklı hücum açıları ve kanat yükseklikleri için deneysel verilerle karşılaştırmalı olarak test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar göstermektedir ki, türbülans modellerinin yer etkisi aerodinamiği hesaplamaları konusundaki başarısı irtifa ve hücum açısı ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Türbülans modeli seçimi kanat yere çok yakın hareket edşyorken ve hücum açısı düşük ya da negatifken önemli hale gelmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçların birbirlerinden farklılığı temel olarak kanat alt yüzeyindeki basınç dağılımından kaynaklanmaktadır. Yüksek hücum açıları ve irtifalarda farklı türbülans modelleri ile elde edilen tahminler arası fark ihmal edilebilir düzeyde kalmaktadır.

Çapkın, Sercan ( Aksaray, Yazar ), Purpose: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes of 1,2-intercompartmental supraretinacular artery (1.2-ICSRA) vascularized graft technique together with compression screw fixation for the management of scaphoid nonunions. Methods: A retrospective study was designed to evaluate the medical records of the 21 patients treated with 1,2-ICSRA vascularized graft for established scaphoid nonunion of the waist or proximal pole between 2015 and 2018. Seventeen patients who met the criteria were included in the study. The retrospectively analysed demographic parameters included age, gender, injured hand (dominant/non-dominant), aetiology of the injury, delay between injury and operation, initial treatments following the fracture, tobacco use, and background diseases that may affect healing (diabetes, vasculopathy etc.). Radiological and clinical examinations were routinely performed 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after surgery and during the final follow-up. Postoperative clinical and functional outcomes at the latest follow-up were evaluated by measuring active wrist range of motion, grip strength, Turkish version of Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnare (Quick DASH) and Mayo Wrist scores and comparing them with preoperative values. Results: All 17 patients were male with an average age of 26.82 ± 4.08 years (range 20–35 years). The fracture site was located in the scaphoid waist and proximal pole in 5 (29.4%) and 12 (70.6%) patients, respectively. Avascular necrosis was observed in 13 patients (2 at the waist, 11 at the proximal pole). The mean follow-up duration was 18.88 ± 11.98 months (range 6–44 months). No graft extrusion occurred, and no other complication was observed in any of the patients. Amongst the 17 patients, 15 (88.2%) achieved union. The total wrist motions of patients were better postoperatively than preoperatively. However, only improvement in wrist extension was found to be statistically significant. Quick DASH and Mayo Wrist scores of the patients and grip strength were significantly improved postoperatively. Conclusion: The 1,2-ICSRA vascularized graft technique together with compression screw fixation offers an easy and reliable option for the treatment of scaphoid nonunions with a high union rate and good functional and clinical outcomes.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound guided fusion prostate biopsy (MRI- US FPBx) results from a single center and compare with current literature. Material and Methods: Between January 2016 and July 2019, MRI-US FPBx pathological and imaging results of 358 men were retrospectively analyzed. PI-RADS scores were determined as 3, 4 and 5 in 222 (62%), 107 (29.8%) and 29 (8.1%) patients, respectively. Totally 454 lesions were underwent MRI-US FPBx. 303 (66.7%) lesions were scored as PI-RADS 3, 120 (26.4%) lesions were scored as PI-RADS 4 and 31 (6.8%) lesions were scored as PI-RADS 5. 315 (69.3%) of lesions were in peripheral zone, 26 (5.7%) were in central zone, 111 (24.4%) were in transitional zone and 2 of them were in anterior fibromuscular stroma.Results: Overall prostate cancer detection rate was 36.3%. Concerning detection rates, MRI-US FPBx alone and transrectal ultrasonography guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) alone were 27.6% and 26.5%, respectively. Cancer detection rate only through MRI-US FPBx PIRADS-3 and PI-RADS 4&5 were 6.9% and 20.6%, respectively. Clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) rates were evaluated and csPCa to overall prostate cancer (PCa) rates for TRUS-Bx, MRI-US FPBx and combined techniques were 16.8%, 35.4% and 39.2%, respectively. Results of 11 patients were evaluated as benign. Conclusion: MRI-US FPBx significantly increases success rate of prostate biopsy procedure. Regarding current MRI technology, it is not appropriate to consider MRI-US FPBx as a stand-alone biopsy option without concomitant with TRUS-Bx., Amaç: Çalışmamızda tek merkeze ait manyetik rezonans görüntüleme-ultrason füzyon prostat biyopsisi (MRI-US FPBx ) sonuçlarını değerlendirmek ve güncel literatürle karşılaştırmak istedik.Gereç ve Yöntemler:: Ocak 2016 ile Temmuz 2019 arasında 358 erkeğin MRI-US FPBx sonuçları retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. PI-RADS skorları 222 (% 62), 107 (% 29.8) ve 29 (% 8.1) hastada sırasıyla 3, 4 ve 5 olarak tespit edildi. Toplam 454 lezyona MRI-US FPBx uygulandı. 303 (% 66,7) lezyon PI-RADS 3, 120 (% 26,4) lezyon PI-RADS 4 ve 31 (% 6,8) lezyon PI-RADS 5 olarak skorlandı. Lezyonların 315'i (% 69,3) periferik zonda, 26'sı (% 5,7) santral zonda, 111'i (% 24,4) geçiş zonu ve 2'si anterior fibromüsküler stromada idi.Bulgular: Genel prostat kanseri (PCa) tespit oranı% 36.3 idi. Tek başına MRI-US FPBx ve tek başına transrektal ultrasonografi eşliğinde prostat biyopsisi (TRUS-Bx) kanser saptama oranları sırasıyla % 27.6 ve% 26.5 idi. PI-RADS-3 ve PI-RADS 4 & 5 için MRI-US FPBx'e özgü kanser tespit oranı sırasıyla % 6,9 ve% 20,6 idi. Klinik olarak önemli prostat kanseri (csPCa) oranları değerlendirildi ve TRUS-Bx, MRI-US FPBx ve kombine teknikler için csPCa ve PCa oranları sırasıyla % 16.8, % 35.4 ve % 39.2 idi. 11 hastanın biyopsi sonuçları benigndi. Sonuç: MRI-US FPBx , prostat biyopsi prosedürünün başarı oranını önemli ölçüde artırır. Ancak mevcut MRI teknolojisine göre, MRI-US FPBx'i TRUS-Bx olmaksızın bağımsız bir biyopsi seçeneği olarak düşünmek uygun olmadığı görüşündeyiz.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the role of the digital rectal examination, PSA density, regional location of the lesion and prostate size in predicting prostate cancer in Prostate Imaging and Data Reporting System (PI-RADS)-3 lesions. Material and Methods: A total of 236 patients with multiparametric MRI performed for clinical suspicion of prostate cancer and reported PI-RADS-3 enrolled between January 2016 and July 2019 in this retrospective study. The datas were extracted from the hospital’s electronic records, patient files and outpatient clinic records. Multiparametric MRI was performed patients to whom have elevated PSA level and/or suspicious digital rectal examination. Patients diagnosed with and without prostate cancer were compared in terms of age, PSA, PSA density, prostate size, pathological results, lesion localization and DRE findings. Results: One hundred thirty- independent predictor seven patients with an initial score of PI-RADS-3 were subjected to further analysis. Prostat cancer detection rate in overall and clinically significant prostate cancer detection rate was 26.2% and 4.3%, respectively. There was a significant difference regarding DRE findings (p=0.001) and PZ location of the lesion (p=0.005) between PCa and no PCa groups. Digital rectal examination (p=0.001) was an independent predictor of prostate cancer in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Digital rectal examination is a practical and important parameter in clarifying the suspicion of prostate cancer in PI-RADS-3 lesions. Keywords: prostatic neoplasms, digital rectal examination, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, image guided biopsy

To assess the effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) either alone or under oxidative damage on human retinal pigment epithelium cell lines. The human retinal pigment epithelial cell lines were pretreated with hydrogen peroxide with different concentrations (100–1000 μM) and durations (4, 12 and 24 h) to determine the appropriate dose. A group of cells were treated with vitamin D3 alone, and another group of cells were co-treated with different concentrations of (10–100 nM) vitamin D3 and hydrogen peroxide. Anti-cytotoxic, anti-apoptotic and anti-genotoxic effects of vitamin D3 on the hydrogen peroxide treated cell line were evaluated. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potentials of treated cell lines were measured. Vitamin D3 showed statistically significant anti-cytotoxic effects and increased cell viability in all concentrations (p

The synthesis of a series of new 3-phenyl-5-sulfamoyl-N-(7/8/9-(non)substituted-3-oxo-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.4]non/[4.5]dec-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives and their subsequent testing for antibacterial activity is described in this paper. 4-Sulfamoylbenzenediazonium chloride was synthesized from diazotization of sulfanilamide and sodium nitrite in the presence of HCl and was further allowed to condense with ethyl 2-benzylacetoacetate to produce ethyl 2-benzyl-2-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)hydrazonoacetate. This compound was cyclized to ethyl 5-sulfamoyl-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate employing the Fischer-indole procedure. The reaction of ethyl 5-sulfamoyl-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate with hydrazine hydrate yielded sulfamoyl-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide. Through a cyclization process, the spirothiazolidinone derivatives were obtained from the reaction of suitable cyclic ketones with 5-sulfamoyl-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide in the presence of thioglycolic acid/thiolactic acid. Structural elucidation of the novel compounds was achieved with the help of UV, IR, 1H NMR, HSQC, ESI–MS, and as well as elemental analysis. Among all the synthesized compounds tested, four compounds displayed the most promising antibacterial activity. The influence of the substituents and their positions on the antibacterial activity was evaluated.

Amaç: Capparis spinosa (C. Spinosa) antioksidan, antienflamatuar, antialerjik, antiviral ve antikanserojenik özelliği gösteren flavanoit molekülü içerir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sıçanlarda palatinal bölgede oluşturulan yara modelinde C. spinosanın yara iyileşmesi üzerindeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir. Yöntem: Çalışmada 60 adet erkek Wistar sıçan kullanıldı. Başlangıçta iyileşme referansı olarak (0 gün) altı hayvan sakrifiye edildi. Sıçanlar C. spinosa, Klorheksidin (Klx) ve Kontrol (K) grubu olarak üç gruba ayrıldı. Tüm gruptaki denekler rastgele seçilerek altışar sıçandan oluşan dokuz alt grup oluşturuldu. Anestezi altına sıçanların damaklarının tam ortasında punch ile 3 mm çapında sirküler eksizyonel yara yüzeyleri oluşturuldu. Mukoperiosteal kısım keskin diseksiyonla uzaklaştırıldı ve açık kemik yüzeyindeki alan sekonder iyileşmeye bırakıldı. C. Spinosa, 1 ml/gün olacak şeklide gavaj yoluyla lokal olarak uygulandı. Sıçanlar yedinci, 14. ve 21. günlerde sakrifiye edildi ve yara bölgesinin fotoğrafları çekildi. Her bir fotoğraf özel bir programa aktarılarak defekt bölgesindeki yara alanı ölçüldü. Histolojik kesitler alınarak enflamatuar hücre varlığı, epitelizasyon ve iyileşme düzeylerine bakıldı. Bulgular: Epitelyal marjinler arasındaki ortalama yara alanı, tüm gruplarda zamanla önemli ölçüde azaldı (p

The aim of this study is to investigate the results of fluorescein angiography (FA)-guided reduced-fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), with the hypothesis that indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) guidance is avoidable in some cases. This retrospective study includes a consecutive nonrandomized series of chronic CSCR cases. All eyes were examined with FA and the ones that had discrete active leakage areas or points had undergone reduced-fluence PDT. The study included 45 eyes of 41 patients with a mean age of 48.8 ± 10.7. The main duration of last chronic CSCR episode was 13.0 ± 11.9 months. Thirty-nine (86.7%) out of 45 consecutive eyes had active leakage area(s) on FA, which enabled them to be treated with PDT. Remaining six eyes had undergone ICGA examination and had received an ICGA-guided PDT. In FA-guided eyes, the mean BCVA improved from 0.44 ± 0.25 Snellen lines to 0.63 ± 0.32 lines in the last control visit (p

The majority of the tissues and organs that fall into the area of expertise of ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialists are adjacent to the orbit, and therefore to the globe. As a result of this contiguity, ENT diseases can spread to the orbit and present with various orbital complications. While these complications can be mild, they can also manifest as severe morbidities that lead to permanent loss of vision. In addition, ENT diseases can also spread to the cranium as well as the orbit, and lead to severe intracranial complications that may result in mortality. Such intracranial complications may also manifest with findings in an ophthalmological examination, as many cranial nerves (CNs) are also associated with the orbital structures. This is why ENT specialists commonly encounter ophthalmological findings as a result of both the orbital and cranial complications of infectious ENT diseases. In addition, ophthalmological examination findings are useful for diagnosis, as some infectious agents can cause a common infection both in the ocular and head-neck region.

This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach which can be used to investigate the hydrodynamic performances of various antifouling paints. Steady Reynolds - Averaged - Navier - Stokes (RANS) equations were solved for the flows around a flat plate at Reynolds number of 2,8×106 and 5,5×106 . The surface roughness effects were modelled as downward shift of the velocity profile at the log – law region of the boundary layer. Granville’s similarity law was used to extrapolate the results for a full scale ship. Results are in good agreement with the previous experimental and numerical studies.

Purpose: To assess the effect of intravitreal dexamethasone (Ozurdex®) implant in eyes with serous macular detachment (SMD) secondary to diabetic retinopathy (DRP) with diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: Twenty-four eyes of 24 patients (12 men and 12 women) with clinically significant macular edema and SMD due to DRP were included in this study. Twenty-four eyes of 24 patients (12 men and 12 women) with clinically significant macular edema and SMD due to DRP, which was documented by optical coherence tomography, were included in this study. Intravitreal dexamethasone implantation was performed for treatment to all eyes. Main outcome measures included changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central neuroretinal thickness (CRT), and height of SMD. After intravitreal dexamethasone implantation, functional and anatomic responses were observed. Results: From the data at 3 months follow-up, we found that the Ozurdex implant was effective in treating SMD with DME, no eyes had lost vision from baseline, 22 eyes (92%) had improved visual acuity, and 22 eyes (92%) had presented SMD regression. Only two eyes had needed dexamethasone implant retreatment. Data at 6-months follow-up, no eyes had lost vision from baseline, 20 eyes (83%) had improved visual acuity, and all eyes had presented SMD regression. Also, after injections and at the end of the follow-up, mean CRT and BCVA were statistically different from the baseline. Conclusions: Intravitreal Ozurdex implantation increases BCVA and reduces SMD and CRT, in patients with SMD. In this context, intravitreal dexamethasone implantation is an effective treatment for SMD in patients with DME.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, periodontal kemikiçi defektlerin belirlenmesinde klinik ölçümler ile ortopantomograf görüntüleme (OPG) ve konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) ile tanı değerini değerlendirmek ve sonuçları karşılaştırarak klinikte rutin olarak teşhis ve tedaviye yardımcı olan dijital radyografilerin güvenilirliğini sorgulamaktır.Materyal ve Metod: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Periodontoloji Anabilim Dalına Ekim 2015 - Nisan 2016 tarihleri arasında başvuran hastalardan kronik periodontitis ve agresif periodontitis teşhisi konulmuş bireyler çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Radyografik ölçümlerde Alveoler kret (AK) projeksiyonunun kök yüzeyine temas ettiği en üst nokta defektin tavanı, periodontal ligamentin kök yüzeyinde izlendiği en apikal kontur defektin tabanı olarak belirlenmiştir. Mine-sement birleşimi (MSB) bu ölçümler için sabit koronal referans olarak alınmıştır. Radyografik ölçümler yukarıda belirtilen çizgiler çizildikten sonra yapılmıştır. Radyografik ölçümlerden sonra, klinik ölçümler flep ameliyatı esnasında ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Bu çalışmanın bulgularına göre anterior bölgede OPG ve KIBT iyi düzeyde klinik bulguları temsil ederken, posterior bölgede ise KIBT ile yapılan ölçümler klinik ölçümlerde mükemmel oranda korelasyon bulunmuştur. Ayrıca tüm verilerin değerlendirilmesinde KIBT klinik ölçümleri OPG’ye oranla daha iyi temsil etmektedir.Sonuç: Klinik olarak tespit edilmiş kritik kemik içi defektlerde daha kesin yargıya varabilmek ve daha radikal tedavi planlaması yapabilmek amaçlandığında KIBT’den yararlanmak daha avantajlıdır., Objectives: The aimof this study is to evaluate the clinical value of periodontal bone defectsdetermined by Orthopanthomograph (OPG) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography(CBMT). And to question the reliability of digital radiographs that routinelyaid diagnosis and treatment in the clinic by comparing the results.Materialsand Methods: Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Dentistry Department ofPeriodontology October 2015 - April 2016 to date of patients who were placedamong individuals diagnosed with chronic periodontitis and aggressiveperiodontitis were included in the study. Radiographic measurements the peak ofthe defect at the root of the alveolar crest (AC) projection was determined asthe base of the apical contour (BD) defect at the root surface of theperiodontal ligament. The enamel cementation (CEJ) is taken as a fixed coronalreference for these measurements. Radiographic measurements were made after theabove lines were drawn. After radiographic measurements, clinical measurementswere made correctly during flap surgery. Results: According to the findings ofthis study, OPG and CBCT in the anterior region represented good clinicalfindings, whereas in the posterior region, measurements with CBCT were found tohave excellent correlation in clinical measurements. In addition, CBCTrepresents better clinical measurements than OPG in evaluating all data.Conclusion: It is more advantageous to use CBCT when it is aimed to make a moreaccurate judgment in clinically determined critical intrabony defects and toplan more radical treatment.

Purpose To compare intraretinal layers between the eyes in patients with myopic anisometropia, and evaluate the relationship between the layers with spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL). Methods In this retrospective study, the more myopic (MM) and fellow (F) eyes of 41 patients with myopic anisometropia, and 38 emmetropic (+/- 0.50 diopter) control (C) eyes were inclueded. Intraretinal layer segmentation was performed by optical coherence tomography. Global volumes of retinal layers and their thicknesses in nine macular regions were compared. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship with SE and AL in each layer. Results Total retinal, ganglion cell (GCL), inner nuclear (INL), and outer plexiform (OPL) layer volumes in MM eyes were less than in C eyes, while INL and OPL were less than in F eyes. There was no difference in the fovea, except for the retinal pigment epithelium. In MM eyes, only INL and OPL were thin in at least one perifoveal and parafoveal quadrant compared to F eyes. Only INL and OPL thicknesses were significantly correlated with both SE and AL in all perifoveal quadrants. In contrast to the thinning found in MM eyes, the only layer in which thickening was detected to compare to C eye was nerve fiber layer (NFL), which correlated positively with SE and negatively with AL. Conclusion While the fovea is less affected by myopia, thinning becomes remarkable in the perifoveal quadrants. Despite thinning in many layers, especially INL and OPL, NFL thickening may be seen due to myopia.

An outbreak in China's Wuhan city in December 2019, characterized by unidentified pneumonia, leading to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome has begun The cause of the outbreak has been detected as Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is a new coronavirus and due to its rapid spread in a short time, it has been announced as a pandemic in terms of public health by the World Health Organization The virus is transmitted mainly by direct contact with the secretions of patients and inhalation of virus-containing micro-droplets The transmission of the virus via the ocular route is a controversial issue and there are limited number of studies in the literature Follicular conjunctivitis may be one of the ocular manifestations of the disease and even if there is no concomitant conjunctivitis, it is very important for the ophthalmologists and healthcare professionals to take preventive measures In this review, the relationship of SARSCoV- 2 with ocular surface findings was evaluated in the light of the literature (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Cin'in Wuhan sehrinde Aralik 2019'da nedeni belirlenemeyen pnomoni ile karakterize, ciddi akut solunum sikintici sendromuna yol acan bir salgin baslamistir Salginin etkeninin yeni bir koronavirus olan siddetli akut solunum yetersizligi sendromu-2 (SARS-CoV-2) oldugu saptanip kisa bir sure icinde hizla yayilim gostermesiyle Dunya Saglik Orgutu tarafindan halk sagligi acisindan acil durum olan pandemi olarak ilan edilmistir Virus baslica hastalarin sekresyonlari ile dogrudan temas ile virus iceren mikrodamlaciklarin inhalasyonu ile bulasmaktadir Virusun okuler yol ile bulasmasi ise tartismali bir konu olup literaturde sinirli sayida calisma mevcuttur Folikuler konjonktivitin hastaligin okuler bulgularindan biri olabilecegi ve eslik eden konjonktivit olmasa dahi ozellikle oftalmologlarin ve saglik calisanlarinin koruyucu onlemler almalari oldukca onem tasimaktadir Bu derlemede SARSCoV- 2'nin okuler yuzey bulgulari ile iliskisi literatur esliginde degerlendirilmistir (Turkish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Bezmialem Science is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic LTD STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )

The purpose of this paper is to develop a Boundary Element Based Method (BEM) for determining the steady potential about two and three dimensional airfoil. The numerical investigation of NACA 0012 airfoil with using Boundary Element Method is utilized. Two different physical problems of the NACA 0012 airfoil are examined: potential flow around airfoil in an unbounded fluid and potential flow prediction with ground effect. Computation of potential flow around the airfoil is investigated by the mixed constant strength source and constant strength dipole based panel method. Boundary Element Code is written in FORTRAN. To check the accuracy of the 2D boundary element based code, the validation studies are carried out by comparing the present results obtained for the NACA 0012 airfoil from the XFoil and other published simulation results. 3D results are also evaluating with the available experimental and other numerical simulation results. The numerical outcomes are examined in terms of pressure distribution and lifting force on the foil.

To assess the effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin DThe human retinal pigment epithelial cell lines were pretreated with hydrogen peroxide with different concentrations (100-1000 μM) and durations (4, 12 and 24 h) to determine the appropriate dose. A group of cells were treated with vitamin DVitamin DOur study suggests that 1,25 (OH)

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the anatomical and visual outcomes of idiopathic epiretinal membrane peeling surgery, with and without foveal herniation. Methods: This retrospective, comparative, two-center study included age- and sex-matched patients exhibiting an idiopathic epiretinal membrane with and without foveal herniation (epiretinal membrane + foveal herniation group and epiretinal-membrane-only group, respectively). The baseline best-corrected visual acuity and central foveal thickness were compared within the groups through months 1, 3, 6, and 12 of follow-up postoperatively. Then, changes in these two parameters at all follow-up points were compared between the groups. Results: We enrolled 16 patients per study group. The baseline best-corrected visual acuity and central foveal thickness were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). Compared with the baseline, both the best-corrected visual acuity and central foveal thickness improved significantly in both groups in all follow-ups (p0.05). Conclusions: Although epiretinal membrane + foveal herniation demonstrated prompt anatomical and functional improvement, foveal herniation occurrence did not affect the final surgical outcomes in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane. RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar os resultados anatômicos e visuais da cirurgia com peeling da membrana epirretiniana idio pática na presença e ausência de herniação foveal. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, comparativo, de dois centros. Pacientes com membrana epirretiniana idiopática pareados por idade e sexo com herniação foveal (grupo membrana epirretiniana + herniação foveal) e sem herniação foveal (grupo apenas com membrana epirretiniana) foram incluídos. Mudanças na acuidade visual melhor corrigida e espessura foveal central em todos os pontos de acompanhamento foram comparadas entre os grupos. A linha de base da melhor acuidade visual corrigida e a espessura foveal central foram comparadas dentro dos grupos no 1º, 3º, 6º e 12º meses de acompanhamento após a cirurgia Resultados: Dezesseis pacientes com membrana epirretiniana + olhos com herniação foveal e 16 pacientes com olhos apenas com membrana epirretiniana foram incluídos no estudo. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos na linha de base com melhor acuidade visual corrigida e espessura foveal central (p>0,05), exceto para a melhor acuidade visual corrigida do grupo da membrana epirretiniana após o 1º mês (p> 0,05), a melhor acuidade visual corrigida e a espessura foveal central melhoraram significativamente em ambos os grupos em todos os acompanhamentos em comparação com a linha de base (p0,05). Conclusões: Embora uma melhora anatômica e funcional bem mais precoce tenha sido mostrada no grupo membrana epirretiniana + herniação foveal, a presença de her niação foveal não afetou os resultados cirúrgicos finais em pacientes com membrana epirretiniana idiopática.

The present paper focuses on the numerical investigation of the flow around the fully submerged 2D and 3D hydrofoils operating close to a free surface. Iterative boundary element method is implemented to predict the flow field. This study aims to investigate the aspect ratio effect on the free surface interactions and hydrodynamic performance of the hydrofoils under a free surface by using potential flow theory. Three different submergence depths and aspect ratios are studied in the wide range of Froude Numbers. In 3D cases, spanwise width of the numerical wave tank model is selected both equal and wider to the foil span, to observe the sidewall effects. Wave field seems to be two dimensional at low Froude numbers. On the other hand, signs of three dimensionalities are observed on the free surface structure for higher Fn, even the predicted wave elevations are very close to 2D calculations in the midsection. Increment in the Fn give a rise to the amplitude of the generated waves first, however a further increase in Fn has a lowering effect with the beginning of waves spill in the spanwise direction in the form of Kelvin waves. Free surface proximity and resultant wave field are also seeming to be linked with the lift force on the hydrofoil. As aspect ratio of the foil increase, 3D lift values are getting closer to those of 2D calculations. However, it is seen that, 3D BEM predictions of a hydrofoil under free surface effect cannot be considered two-dimensional even the aspect ratio is equal to 8.

The effect of smoking on nonsurgical periodontal treatment (SRP) is known, but the adjunct use of photobiomodulation (PBMT) to SRP has not been fully investigated in smokers. This study aimed to assess the effect of 820 nm diode laser on SRP in smoker/nonsmoker. Sixty patients (smokers/n = 30, nonsmokers/n = 30) were enrolled in this parallel-arm clinical study. All patients were divided into two main groups: SRP and PBMT + SRP. In PMBT + SRP groups, 7.96 J cm-2 energy was applied by 820nm diode laser at baseline and first, second and third weeks after SRP. Periodontal pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded, and also gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected at baseline and 6w after SRP. Total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and total oxidative status (TOS) in GCF were analyzed. PBMT + SRP groups showed a statistically significant decrease in PPD and CAL, not in GI and PI compared with SRP alone. There were no statistically significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers in clinical data at six weeks after treatment. Although TAOC levels were increased in PMBT groups, TOS levels were decreased in all groups at the comparison of baseline and 6w after SRP. Adjunct use of 820 nm diode laser on SRP may improve the clinical parameters in smoker or nonsmoker patient with periodontitis.

Purpose: Postoperative refraction has become important with improvements in cataract surgery. In this study, our aim was to investigate the effects of phacoemulsifi cation-intraocular lens (P-IOL) implantation on anterior chamber angle (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and to assess relationship between these parameters and axial length (AL) and postoperative refractive error. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 231 patients who underwent P-IOL implantation between January 2012 and June 2014. Scheimpfl ug imaging system was used for the determination of ACA, ACV and ACD values at preoperative and postoperative month 3. Partial coherence laser interferometry was used for preoperative AL, target postoperative refractive error and IOL power calculated by SRK-T formula. Spherical equivalent (SE=spherical error plus cylindrical error /2) at postoperative month 3 was recorded. Postoperative refractive error was calculated as mean error (ME=postoperative refraction-target refraction) and mean absolute error (MAE=absolute of ME). Data obtained at preoperative period and postoperative month 3 were compared. Results: Preoperative ACA, ACV, ACD were 30,2 ±12,1°, 130,7 ±41,2 mm³, 2,6 ±0,4 mm while postoperative ACA, ACV, ACD were 42,7 ±5,8°, 172,1 ±28,2 mm³, 4,1 ±0,7 mm respectively. Anterior chamber parameters were increased after P-IOL implantation, as all differences being statistically signifi cant (p=0.001). No signifi cant correlation was found between ME and ACA, ACV, ACD, AL. Again, no signifi cant correlation was found between MAE and ACA, ACV, ACD. Only a weak correlation was found between MAE and AL. Conclusion: Anterior chamber parameters measurements after P-IOL are signifi cantly increased compared to preoperative values. There was no signifi cant correlation between preoperative ACA, ACV, ACD and AL, and postoperative refractive error.