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Abstract A vertical plate experiences a dynamic flow of fractionalized Brinkman fluid governed by fluctuating magnetic forces. This study considers heat absorption and diffusion-thermo effects. The novelty of model is the fractionalized Fourier’s and Fick’s laws. The problem is solved using the constant proportional Caputo derivative and Laplace transform method. The resulting non-dimensional equations for temperature, mass, and velocity fields are solved and compared visually. We explore the influence of various parameters like the fractional order, heat absorption/generation (Q), chemical reaction rate (R), and magnetic field strength (M) through informative graphs. Additionally, we contrast the velocity fields of fractionalized and regular fluids. The visualizations reveal that diffusion-thermo and mass Grashof number enhance fluid velocity, while chemical reaction and magnetic field tend to suppress it. For the interest of engineering, physical quantities such as Sherwood number, skin friction, and Nusselt number are computed. The present study satisfying all initial and boundary condition can be reduced to to previous published work which shows the validity of present work.

In this paper, we use the sub-ODE method to analyze soliton solutions for the renowned nonlinear Klein-Gordon model (NLKGM). This method provides a variety of soliton solutions, including three positive solitons, three Jacobian elliptic function solutions, bright solitons, dark solitons, periodic solitons, rational solitons and hyperbolic function solutions. Applications for these solitons can be found in optical communication, fiber optic sensors, plasma physics, Bose-Einstein condensation and other areas. We also study some numerical solutions by using forward, backward, and central difference techniques. Moreover, we discuss variational integrators (VIs) using the projection technique for NLKGM. We develop a numerical solution for NLKGM using the discrete Euler lagrange equation, the Lagrangian and the Euler lagrange equation. At the end, in various dimensions, covering 3D, 2D, and contour, we will also plot several graphs for the obtained NLKGM solutions. A contour plot is a type of graphic representation that displays a three-dimensional surface on a two-dimensional plane by using contour lines. Each contour line in the plotted function represents one of the function's constant values, mapping the function's value across the plane. This model has been studied across multiple soliton solutions using various methods in the open literature, but this model for VIs and finite deference scheme (FDS) is the first time it has been studied. Within the various numerical techniques accessible for solving Hamiltonian systems, variational integrators distinguish themselves because of their symplectic quality. Here are some of the symplectic properties: symplectic orthogonality, energy conservation, area preservation, and structure preservation.

Thermal energy storage (TES) units featuring phase change materials (PCMs) have a crucial impact on efficient energy management. Since energy demands keep changing, and the world increasingly relies on sustainable energy sources, innovation is continuously required. New technologies, materials, and methods for energy storage must be developed to meet these shifting needs effectively. In this study, a triplex-tube heat exchanger (TTHE) was employed as a TES medium, utilizing PCM within the middle tube. Because of its high thermal energy storage capacity, RT50 was selected as the PCM. Four innovative arc-shaped fins were strategically integrated within the PCM space to accelerate heat release. The system was subjected to rotational speeds of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 rpm. The investigation was carried out in two stages: initially, the impact of varying rotational speeds on the discharging process of the PCM in a finless TTHE was explored; subsequently, the influence of the same speeds on the solidification behavior of the finned TTHE was analyzed. Natural convection and PCM’s solidification process were examined through the enthalpy-porosity method. The findings represented that in the absence of fins, the device’s rotation had a more noticeable impact on the solidification behavior; however, incorporating fins was much more influential. Up to 2850 s, all the finned systems had solidified entirely in the presence or absence of the rotational mechanism, while in the finless system with a rotational speed of 1.5, 30.52 % of the material was still unsolidified until this time. Finally, the influence of three key structural parameters of the fins: α (outer fins arc angle), β (inner fins arc angle), and S (space between fins) on the discharging time of the PCM was analyzed using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The study offered critical insights for optimizing fin configuration by systematically varying these parameters within defined ranges. An ANN predictive model was also proposed to assist TES system manufacturers and developers in future design and optimization efforts. The results demonstrated that the optimal setting of the TTHE (with the parameters of α = 60°, β = 60°, S = 10 mm) achieved the liquid fraction of 0.1, 80.33 % faster than the finless system.

Microchannel heat sinks (MCHSs) are advanced cooling systems used in various applications such as electronics cooling, thermal management of high-power microprocessors, and microelectronic devices. These heat sinks are designed to efficiently dissipate heat generated by electronic components to maintain optimal operating temperatures and ensure device reliability. Employing appropriate fins within MCHSs is a crucial strategy to enhance heat removal efficiency. Since few investigations have been performed on the simultaneous thermo-hydraulic features in microchannels with Tesla valves, this research addresses this gap by suggesting that the microchannels of a heat sink be reinforced with novel Tesla valve-shaped fins. Tesla valves are designed to offer different levels of resistance depending on the flow direction. This characteristic allows for selective control of pressure drop and heat transfer efficiency by simply switching the flow direction. Utilizing Tesla valve-shaped fins is an almost new approach that differentiates the current research from conventional designs. The advantage of this structure is that under different circumstances, depending on whether more heat transfer is required or less pressure drop (ΔP), the flow direction can be changed, and the maximum efficiency of the MCHS can be accessed. The other innovative aspect of this study lies in the integration of artificial neural network (ANN) models to optimize the efficiency of MCHSs equipped with Tesla valve-shaped fins. The simulations were conducted to characterize the flow and thermal features of the MCHS. Then, these data were used as the benchmark for training the ANN models. Four ANN models were introduced to anticipate the Nusselt number (Nu) and ΔP in each forward and reverse direction. The divider's acute angle (α), the divider's obtuse angle (β), and the divider's radius (R) were selected as the input data. Multi-objective optimization and genetic algorithms were used to achieve the optimal conditions. In the optimal thermal design (Setting 2: MCHS with fin variables of α = 60 β = 180, and R = 80 μm in reverse flow direction), the overall performance had a significant enhancement of 57.1 % compared to the device lacking fins. Furthermore, in Setting 2, the overall performance of the MCHS and its diodicity experienced notable improvements of approximately 12.1 % and 38.5 %, respectively. Implementing the parameters of Setting 5 (MCHS with fin variables of α = 60, β = 152.32, and R = 73.10 μm in forward direction) during fin production resulted in a notable enhancement of about 41.1 % in the device's overall performance.

Bionanofluids containing biological nanoparticles suspended in base fluids exhibit altered dynamics due to coupled effects between the nanoparticles and fluid properties. More efficient cooling can enhance medical technology performance, reduce energy usage, and provide safer, more sustainable healthcare solutions. This work overcomes previous research limitations by elucidating the combined impacts of microorganisms and couple stress properties on the behavior of water-based bionanofluids containing copper nanoparticles, under inclined magnetic fields. Governing equations for momentum, energy, concentration, and microorganisms are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via similarity methods. The resulting ODE system is then solved semi-analytically using the Homotopy Analysis Method, revealing distinct profile behaviors. Additionally, quantitative indicators including skin friction for different values of M, λ,β, and Nr increased by 7.19%, 62.81%, 31.27%, and 21.32% respectively. Similarly Nusselt number for different values Qe , Ec, and Df decrease by 3.502 %, 2.5705%, and 2.447% respectively. Furthermore, Sherwood Numbers for different values of Sc, Kc, increased by 16.41%, and 4.133% respectively. Finally, Microorganisms for different values of Lb, Pe, and σ1 increase by 2.934%, 2.61%, and 1.172% respectively.

Purpose: This study investigates the unsteady, three-dimensional radiative, micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow across the radially rotating disc in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium, under the influence of an applied magnetic field. The effects of viscous dissipation and Joule heating are also considered. Detailed analyses of entropy generation and the Bejan number are provided. Copper (Cu) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are modeled mathematically using a cylindrical coordinate system with engine oil as the base fluid. Both Copper (Cu) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are consider 50 %-50 %. Methodology: The Navier-Stokes equations governing momentum, microrotation, and energy are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity variables. These modified equations are solved numerically using shooting approach (bvp4c). The study includes graphical representations and discussions on the impact of various controlling parameters. Findings: The considered range for the parameters are Mn = 0.1 to 3.1, β = 0.1 to 1.3, π = 0.5 to 2.0, St = 0.1 to 1.3, K1 = S0 = A3 = 0.1 to 1.0, Bi = 0.1 to 0.4, Ec = 1.0 to 1.4, . Br = 0.10 to 0.25, α1 = 0.1 to 2.5. Results indicate that the unsteady parameter decay the velocity profile (both radial and tangential direction) and reduce the microrotation velocity in r and z direction, while enhancing the microrotational velocity in θ direction. Additionally, an increase in the stretching parameter raises the radial velocity but lowers the tangential velocity profile. The temperature profile and entropy generation increases for large values of magnetic parameter, whereas the Bejan number decreases. Similarly, tables were analyzed to illustrate the impact of varying physical parameters on the skin friction local Nusselt number. It is noted that the magnetic parameter enhance the skin friction coefficient while decline the local Nusselt number. The concentration of Copper (Cu) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles is (0-6)%.

The relationship between cancer and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is controversial. While SARS-CoV-2 can worsen the status of a cancer patient, many remission cases after SARS-CoV-2 infection have been recorded. It has been suggested that SARS-CoV-2 could have oncolytic properties, which needs further investigations. Mathematical modeling is a powerful tool that can significantly enhance experimental and medical studies. Our objective was to propose and analyze a mathematical model for oncolytic SARS-CoV-2 with immunity. The basic properties of this model, including existence, uniqueness, nonnegativity, and boundedness of the solutions, were confirmed. The equilibrium points were computed, and their existence conditions were determined. The global stability of the equilibria was proven using the Lyapunov theory. Numerical simulations were implemented to validate the theoretical results. It was found that the model has thirteen equilibrium points that reflect different infection states. Based on the model's results, the infection of cancer cells by SARS-CoV-2 can lead to a reduction in the concentration of cancer cells. Additionally, the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) decreases the number of cancer cells, potentially resulting in cancer remission or an improvement in the overall health of cancer patients. This theoretical result aligns with numerous studies highlighting the oncolytic role of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, given the limited availability of real data, further studies are essential to better comprehend the role of immune responses and their impact on the oncolytic role of SARS-CoV-2.

This article emphasizes the findings of comparative thermal enhancement in Casson fluid using bases fluid as blood and Xue and Yamada-Ota hybrid nano-structures model towards a 3D swirling plate. Nanofluid flow is a widely investigated topic in engineering and industry, particularly in the cooling of electronic devices. Its proven ability to save energy makes it a viable option for improving cooling systems and sustainability initiatives. Thermal energy incorporates solar radiation, Soret and heat sources while transportation of species happens utilizing activation energy and Dufour impact. It was estimated that the system (partial differential equation) is converted into Odes employing finite element methodology. Such a complicated model is resolved efficient method named as finite element method. By enhancing impacts of chemical reaction and Dufour numbers, mass diffusion is enhanced but opposite behavior is noticed in mass diffusion with the change of Schmidt number. By increasing values of Lorentz force and velocity field inclines. Further, thickness (MBLs) increase with variation of Lorentz force and Casson parameter.

This study conducts an evaluation of an integrated power, heat, and cooling system reliant on geothermal energy. The process involves integrating both the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and the Goswami cycle. The main objective of this investigation is to analyze the effects of different variables on the system's operation. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis is undertaken to examine how the presence of operational fluids in the ORC affects the overall efficiency of the system. Subsequently, an in-depth economic evaluation is conducted, taking into account the initial investment for system implementation, operational capital, and the levelized cost of goods. The calculation process involves determining the system's income, cash flow, and pay-back time, which heavily rely on the selling prices of the products. By utilizing a genetic algorithm in conjunction with an artificial intelligence algorithm, the system can be optimized to minimize pay-back time and levelized cost of energy, while simultaneously maximizing net production power. The results of this optimization process are then compared with the baseline state of the system to assess the effectiveness of the proposed enhancements. The multifaceted approach enables the evaluation of the system's performance across different conditions and facilitates the optimization of its parameters to improve efficiency and economic feasibility. The comparative optimization results demonstrated a 21 % reduction in payback time, a 14 % increase in net power, and a 12 % improvement in cooling when compared to the reference system state. The payback periods for different operating fluids ranged from 10 to 15 years. Isobutane demonstrated the shortest payback period of approximately 10 years, which was further optimized to 8.6 years. The system demonstrated a power output of 655.8 kW, a cooling output of 578.3 kW, and a heat output of 3042 kW.

The cone geometry has a great significant for heat transmission in many industrial processes due to its ability to induce turbulence, enable directional flow, promote uniform temperature distribution, and offer versatility in applications. The current study aims to investigate the heat transport process of an inclined magnetized cross hybrid nanofluid over a heated porous cone under the influence of Hall and Ion slip consequences. Additionally, porous medium the flow is past under the effect of inclined uniform magnetic field and porosity of the medium is used to enhance heat transfer. The framed set of governing equations took the form of dimension free structure through appropriate transformations and then finally solved by an effective spectral relaxation method. Thermal impacts and heat transport mechanism associated with the hybrid flow is seen through different values of emerging parameters. Heat transport is seen higher with higher radiation parameters, as radiation and rising temperature are similar. Augmented values of Fr causes pressure drop in fluids which reduces the fluid motion and brings depreciation in velocity field. Eckert number also boosts the temperature of the fluid stirring via a porous rotating cone.

Universities and colleges play a pivotal role in the pursuit of a future that is sustainable through their pedagogical efforts and the execution of state-of-the-art research endeavors aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) serve as crucial catalysts in advancing sustainable development. HEIs are increasingly embracing precise measures to reduce their carbon footprint (CF) while also educating students on global sustainability. These nano-methods provide a quantitative framework for assessing a campus's sustainability efforts in line with Green Campus (GC) initiatives to lower carbon emissions align with GC goals. This study employs K-means clustering to analyze the integration of green and low-carbon principles in higher education political and ideological studies. Its goal is to identify patterns, assess teaching effectiveness, and improve sustainability education, aligning with Green Campus initiatives to enhance institutional contributions to sustainable growth through informed pedagogical strategies. Input data includes curriculum content, teaching methods, student engagement, and institutional goals related to sustainability. Seeking to improve sustainability education align with Green Campus initiatives, higher education can strategically enhance their contributions to long-term sustainability and growth through effective pedagogical approaches. Cluster 3 has the lowest WCSS value of 1200, indicating tighter cohesion and less variability within this cluster compared to Cluster 1 (1500) and Cluster 2 (1800). Cluster 3 stands out with the highest silhouette score of 0.7, suggesting well-defined and distinct clusters, while Cluster 2 has the lowest score of 0.4, indicating some overlap or ambiguity in data points. Cluster 1 has the lowest Davies-Bouldin Index of 0.4, implying better separation between clusters compared to Cluster 2 (0.6) and Cluster 3 (0.5). Cluster 3 is well-defined and cohesive, showing strong integration of green practices. Cluster 1 displays good separation and cohesion, while Cluster 2 requires refinement due to potential overlap in sustainability integration.

f-he airn of'this research is to study the breakthrough time for cation exchangers by using a pilot plant of iotr exchange and passing water with different concentrations of hardness. The piiot plant oonsisted of one colurnn containing strongly acidic cation exchanger of styrene divinylLenenzene type. The study covered the effects of the flow rate (1.013 --5.067) L/hr, bed depth (0.1 - 0.5) m, and hardness concentration (200-500) ppm on breakthrough rime for cation -exchangerr. io u column witl: (2.5 cm in diameter. Box-Wilson cornposite ratatable design method was adopted in the designing the experimental work" -I'hi.s method proposed secclnd order polynomial mathernatical moclel and their coefficients are estinLatecl through non -- linear regression analysis to correlate the response function (breakthn:ugh tirne) with the three variables (flow rate, bed depth, trnd hardness concentratiorr).

This study investigated double diffusion natural convection of Casson fluids in an asymmetrical cavity under a constant magnetic field. The intricacies of flow and heat/mass transfer were explored computationally using the finite element method. With applications in fields such as geology, oceanography, metallurgy, and astrophysics, it investigates the impact of key parameters like the Rayleigh number, Casson parameter, buoyancy ratio, Hartmann number, and Darcy number on entropy generation, fluid velocity, and temperature/concentration gradients. The findings illustrate that increasing the Rayleigh number enhances convection and entropy, while a higher Casson parameter leads to reduced mixing due to the fluid's more solid-like behavior. Enhancing the buoyancy ratio improves heat and mass transfer, and a greater Darcy number boosts convection efficiency. Additionally, a higher Hartmann number reduces fluid friction but increases mass diffusion and magnetic disorder, subtly improving thermodynamic efficiency. This research offers valuable insights for optimizing heat transfer and energy efficiency in high-temperature industrial processes, contributing to advancements in sustainability and energy utilization.

Low-energy cases can be designed more efficiently by using analytical optimization. The non-linear thermal performance of buildings has led to the development of optimization techniques based on simulation. In building optimization, it is important to achieve superior solutions while minimizing calculation expenses. This study aims to optimize an Australian office building using the Balanced Tree Growth Optimizer (BTGO). It has resulted that more than 11.7 % of energy can be saved by the optimization process and also some energy-saving measures. A comparison of the utilized algorithm with benchmark algorithms including the Nelder-Mead method, hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization, Hooke-Jeeves, and Ant Colony Optimization for continuous domain showed that the BTGO can achieve better solutions and needs less computational time.

This study employs the Tiwari and Das model to numerically evaluate the heat-transfer properties of a magnetized Casson sodium alginate-copper/alumina hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable moving surface, taking into account the effects of viscous dissipation. Sodium alginate-alumina/copper hybrid nanofluids have garnered significant attention in modern society because of their potential uses in a variety of different industries. The key goal of the study is to examine the effect of the Casson parameter and copper solid volume fraction for skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number against velocity ratio parameter. Additionally, in the present study, velocity and temperature profiles for velocity ratio parameter, suction effect, magnetic parameter, Eckert number, and Prandtl number are also included. Using the bvp4c technique, the PDEs are converted into a set of non-linear ODEs with the use of suitable similarity variables. Dual approaches for controlling parameter using varied Casson fluid parameter and copper solid volume fraction quantities have been identified. Unique solutions, no solutions, and dual solutions exist in specific ranges of parameters. Consequently, beyond the critical values, no solution exists. The rate of heat transfer strengthened as the capacity of the Eckert number augmented. The temperature profile also diminished when the Prandtl number improved. The appearance of the boundary layer separation extension resulted from incorporating the copper solid volume fraction. Finally, stability analysis reveals that the first solution is stable, and the second solution is unstable.

يركز البحث على السيميائية ومعرفة أدواتها واستخداماتها في قراءة عمارة الأبنية الدينية المعاصرة ،حيث يشكل التحليل السيميائي مرحلة مهمة في عملية التصميم المعماري، ويساهم في المساعدة على توجيه وإطلاع المصممين والمعمارين على فكر معاصر بهدف إنتاج عمارة تلبي احتياجات المجتمع الثقافية والاجتماعية. عمارة الكنائس الدينية كأي عمارة تخضع لأسس تصميمية تضم مجموعة من الدلالات ، وأهمية إدراكها تساعد المصمم على معرفة كيفية الاستفادة منها في إنتاج عمارة معاصرة ،وتوصل البحث إلى وضع خطوات للتحليل السيميائي المعماري تعتمد على مرحلتين أولهما توصيف النتاج المادي(الدال) المؤلف من التصنيف المكاني لكيفية تموضع المبنى ونظم الوصول والاتصال والتصنيف التشكيلي المتضمن الألوان المستخدمة والتكوينات التشكيلية في المبنى و المرحلة الثانية المدلولات(المعنى) وعلاقتها بإدراك المتلقي للمبنى والكفاءات المرتبطة بإداء وفهم النشاطات الإنسانية التي تأخذ أشكالا متنوعة من الحوار.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) coinfection has been observed in a number of nations and it is connected with severe illness and death. The paper studies a reaction–diffusion within-host Mtb/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection model with immunity. This model explores the connections between uninfected epithelial cells, latently Mtb-infected epithelial cells, productively Mtb-infected epithelial cells, SARS-CoV-2-infected epithelial cells, free Mtb particles, free SARS-CoV-2 virions, and CTLs. The basic properties of the model’s solutions are verified. All equilibrium points with the essential conditions for their existence are calculated. The global stability of these equilibria is established by adopting compatible Lyapunov functionals. The theoretical outcomes are enhanced by implementing numerical simulations. It is found that the equilibrium points mirror the single infection and coinfection states of SARS-CoV-2 with Mtb. The threshold conditions that determine the movement from the monoinfection to the coinfection state need to be tested when developing new treatments for coinfected patients. The impact of the diffusion coefficients should be monitored at the beginning of coinfection as it affects the initial distribution of particles in space.

The Pediatric Oncology East and Mediterranean (POEM) group was established in 2013 as a cooperative platform for physicians, scientists and healthcare professionals from institutions in the East and Mediterranean area with the goal of sharing experiences, initiating cooperative trials and establishing common strategies to achieve optimization of the care of pediatric oncology patients in the region. The mission of POEM group is to continuously improve pediatric oncology care, research, training and advocacy in the East and Mediterranean region by means of integrated teamwork. Our Vision is to be the leading pediatric oncology collaborative group in the East and Mediterranean Region. POEM group is currently at more than 550 registrants from 119 centers in 28 countries regionally. This review summarizes the structure and activities of POEM group since its inception, and highlights identified challenges and future plans. Keywords: Pediatric oncology, Collaborative group, LMIC

This study aims to determine the quality of diagnostic test questions with regular straight motion material. This research is a descriptive study using a quantitative approach. In this research, Sujek was a class X student at Jagoi Babang 01 High School. The research instrument was in the form of question feasibility questionnaire addressed to the validator and the test used to test the characteristics of the questions including validity, reliability, level of difficulty and differentiating power of the questions and knowing the profile of students' conceptual understanding. The results of the study indicate that: (1) A total of 13 questions have very good assessment criteria by experts; (2) 9 questions are declared valid and 3 questions are invalid; (3) Reliability index of 0.81 with very strong criteria; (4) 11 questions have medium criteria and 1 problem is difficult keriteria; (5) criteria for distinguishing good as many as 4 questions, criteria are enough 6 questions and bad criteria 2 questions; (6) The percentage of students who understand the concept is 22.31%, misconceptions are 36.56% and do not understand the concept of 41.13%.