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Aims and objectives: To compare the frequency of nurse-provided spiritual care across diverse cultures. Background: Given an ethical imperative to respect patient spirituality and religiosity, nurses are increasingly taught and expected to provide spiritual care. Although nurses report positive attitudes toward spiritual care, they typically self-report providing it infrequently. Evidence about the reported frequency of spiritual care is constrained by substantial variation in its measurement. Design: This cross-sectional, descriptive study involved secondary analysis of data collected in multiple sites globally using one quantitative instrument. Methods: Data were collected from practicing nurses using the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale and analysed using descriptive statistics and a meta-analysis procedure with random-effect modelling. Datasets from 16 studies completed in Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Philippines, Portugal, Taiwan, Turkey and the United States contributed to a pooled sample (n = 4062). STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional observational studies were observed. Results: Spiritual care varied between countries and within countries. It was slightly more frequent within Islamic cultures compared with predominantly Christian cultures. Likewise, frequency of spiritual care differed between nurses in palliative care, predominantly hospital/inpatient settings, and skilled nursing homes. Overall, “Remaining present…” was the most frequent therapeutic, whereas documenting spiritual care and making arrangements for the patient's clergy or a chaplain to visit were among the most infrequent therapeutics. Conclusions: In widely varying degrees of frequency, nurses around the world provide care that is cognisant of the spiritual and religious responses to living with health challenges. Future research should be designed to adjust for the multiple factors that may contribute to nurses providing spiritual care. Relevance to clinical practice: Findings offer a benchmark and begin to inform nurse leaders about what may be normative in practice. They also encourage nurses providing direct patient care that they are not alone and inform educators about what instruction future nurses require.

ObjectiveThis research aims to examine the effect of playing games with toys made of medical materials in children with cancer on pain that occurs during intravenous (IV) treatment.MethodsThe randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted between May 2016 and February 2018. The study sample comprised 110 children (experimental group 55; control group 55), determined using power analysis from the study population. The data were collected by the researcher, using face-to-face interview techniques, the Information Form, and Wong–Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBS).ResultsThe pre- and post-test pain mean scores of patients in the experimental group were 2.27 ± 0.91 and 0.43 ± 0.66, respectively (p = 0.0001). The pre- and post-test pain mean scores of patients in the control group were 1.72 ± 0.82 and 3.34 ± 0.77, respectively (p = 0.0001).Significance of resultsThe experience of playing with toys made from materials used for invasive procedures relieves pain the during IV treatment.

This research was conducted in order to examine the correlation between work-related stress and meaning of life in association with compassion fatigue of nurses, as well as to determine the factors that affect compassion fatigue. The research is cross-sectional. The population of the research is comprised of nurses working at a university hospital in the east of Turkey. The research was carried out with 336 nurses. "Introductory information form," "Work-related strain inventory," "Professional quality of life scale and compassion fatigue subscale" and "Life attitude profile" were used for data collection. It was identified that correlation between compassion fatigue and attitude to life profile is negative (r = -.542**, p = 0.000), while the correlation between work-related stress and compassion fatigue is positive (r = .204**, p = 0.000). Moreover, it was determined that attitude to life profile, work-related stress, work manner, amount of time working at one occupation, service held and gender have effect on compassion fatigue.

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the “Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale” in Turkish nurses.MethodThis study was a psychometric design. A convenience sample of 249 nurses working at the Malatya Training Research Hospital completed a structured questionnaire including demographic characteristics and the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale (NSCTS) between August and October 2018. Principal components analysis, internal consistency reliability, and Cronbach's α were used to measure the psychometric properties of the items of the scale.ResultsIn the evaluation of construct validity, identified one factor with eigenvalues greater than 1 explained 50.83% of the total variance. The Cronbach's α value of the scale is 0.86.Significance of resultsThe present study provides evidence of NSCTS's validity, reliability, and acceptability. The scale can be used by Turkish nurses. This scale should be further evaluated with a larger sample in different regions in Turkey and various populations. The scale has potential applications for use both in research and as a screening tool in clinical settings.

This study evaluated the association between nurse spirituality and frequency of spiritual care among 560 nurses working at Dicle University Hospital in Turkey. The Spirituality Scale and the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutic Scale were administered. Results indicated that scores on the Spirituality Scale were positively correlated with frequency of provision of spiritual care (Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutic Scale). It was found that the spirituality levels of the nurses had a positive effect (R2 = 0.245, B = 0.391, p 0.0001) on the frequency of providing spiritual curative care. It was determined that the frequency of providing spiritual care of nurses with high spirituality level increased. No significant associations were found between Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutic Scale means of point and gender, marital status, education level, unit work, or duration of professional experience.

Aim: The present study was conducted to determine the level of compliance of intern nursing students with isolation precautions and the factors affecting them.Material and Method: The research was carried out with fourth-year nursing students in the internship program in a university hospital between December 2020 and April 2021. The data were collected using the “Participant Information Form” and the “Isolation Precautions Compliance Scale”. Results: It was determined that the students received a total of 76.11±9.86 points from the Isolation Precautions Compliance Scale. The statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between the compliance with isolation precautions and the variables of age, gender, the type of the clinic, the training received about isolation precautions and providing care to the isolated patient (p>0.05). However, it was found that the difference between the compliance with isolation precautions and the variables of the pandemic process and knowing the infection rate of the institution was significant (p

This study was conducted to determine the level of abuse and neglect of individuals over the age of 65 years and the factors influencing it. A cross-sectional, population-based, descriptive study was conducted on 455 elderly persons in Turkey. At data collection, a socio-demographic form, which was developed by the researcher herself, an abuse evaluation form with six Likert-type questions, the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the Perceived Emotional Abuse Scale for Adults (PEASA) were used. Of the participants, 26.8% experienced physical abuse, 26.9% financial abuse, 12.6% sexual abuse and 56.5% neglect and psychological abuse at an intermediate level. The average score of the ADL index was 11.0 ± 3.3. This score shows that these elderly individuals were semi-independent. The rate of abuse and neglect was found to be intermediate. There was a positive relationship between abuse of the elderly and their ADL index.

The present study was conducted to determine nursing students’ perception levels of spirituality and spiritual care and the factors affecting these levels. The study was carried out in the nursing faculty of a university located in eastern Turkey between April and June 2019. The study population was made up of students studying within a department of nursing (n = 1250), and involved a sample size of 420 students, determined by power analysis. Data were obtained from an ‘Introductory Information Form’ that included students’ sociodemographic characteristics and questions related to spiritual care and the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS). Students scored, on average, 59.8 ± 9.7 on the SSCRS. Gender, year of undergraduate education, father’s education level, knowledge of spiritual care, beliefs on the relationship between spiritual care and nursing care, and the ability to meet patients’ spiritual needs were variables with an impact on the total SSCRS scores (p

Purpose: This study has been conducted as a descriptive-cross sectional study with the purpose of examining care dependency levels of inpatients in palliative care center and factors affecting. Methods: The universe of the research consists of inpatients in a city hospital palliative care clinic in eastern Turkey. The sample size was determined to be 102 patients by conducting power analysis. A random sampling method was used. The study has been conducted between January 2019-February 2020. The data of the research were collected by using the questionnaire form containing socio-demographic information and the “Care Dependency Scale (CDS)”. SPSS 21.0 package program was used for statistical evaluation, and percentage, mean, standard deviation, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used in the analysis of data.Results: It was determined that mean score of the care dependency scale (CDS) was 40.1±6.0. It was determined that there was negative relationship between age and care dependence scale (r=-.432**, p=.000). The difference between gender, marital status, education level, diagnosis time and getting help during care variables and CDS score average was found to be statistically significant. (p, Amaç: Bu araştırma, palyatif bakım merkezinde yatan hastaların bakım bağımlılık düzeylerini ve bunu etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye’nin doğusunda yer alan bir şehir hastanesinin palyatif bakım kliniğinde yatan hastalar oluşturmaktadır. Örneklemini, power analizi yapılarak belirlenen 102 hasta oluşturmuştur. Örneklemin evrenden seçilmesinde, rastgele örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma Ocak 2019-Şubat 2020 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri sosyo-demografik bilgileri içeren form ve “Bakım Bağımlılık Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. İstatistiksel değerlendirmede SPSS 21.0 paket programı, verilerin analizinde yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, Mann Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis H testleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hastaların bakım bağımlılığı ölçeği (CDS) puan ortalamasının 40.1±6.0 olduğu saptanmıştır. Yaş ile bakım bağımlılığı ölçeği arasında negatif yönde çok güçlü ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır (r=-.402**, p=.000). Cinsiyet, medeni durum, eğitim seviyesi, tanı süresi ve bakımda yardım alma değişkenleri ile bakım bağımlılığı arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır (p

Background/aimThis study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Breast Cancer Cultural Beliefs Scale for women with breast cancer in Turkish society.Materials and methodsThe population of this study was composed of patients diagnosed with breast cancer who were treated for cancer in the Adult Chemotherapy Unit. A total of 178 women with breast cancer participated in this study.ResultsIn order to determine the factor structure of the scale, principal component analysis was performed. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the scale scores. The results explained 62.93% of the total variance of the scale. The result of the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test was determined to be 0.813, and that of Bartlett's test was 723.56. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was .74.ConclusionIt was determined that the Breast Cancer Cultural Beliefs Scale was a valid and reliable tool for assessing the cultural beliefs of women in Turkey.

This study will be important in terms of determining whether or not there is ageism in terms of healthcare professionals in Turkey and being a reference for the future studies. This study was conducted to examine the attitudes of the healthcare professionals on ageism. The population of this descriptive study consisted of 242 healthcare professionals in Bingol State Hospital. The data were collected by the researchers between January 2012 and February 2012. The information form including the descriptive characteristics of the healthcare professionals and the Ageism Attitude Scale (AAS) were used to collect the data. Percentage, mean, t test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the data. In the study, the average age of the healthcare professionals was 29.75 ± 6.3, 79.3% were female, 59.9% were married, 53.3% had children, and 24.8% of those with children had only one child. Sixty-four percent of the healthcare professionals were nurses, 43.0% had an associate degree, and 82.2% had nuclear families, and 87.6% had no elderly family members living with them. The AAS mean score of the healthcare professionals was 68.58 ± 5.6. When the titles and education of healthcare professionals were compared with the scale scores, the difference between them was not found to be statistically significant (p = 0.15, p = 0.859).

Breast cancer is one of the most important health problems faced by women. No study was found in the world literature about the eating behavior of women with breast cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether breast cancer patients and healthy controls differ in their orthorexia nervosa levels and to determine any factors that affect orthorexia nervosa (socio-demographic variables and nutritional habits). The data were collected using a face-to-face interview technique between May 2018 and March 2019 at outpatient clinics and a family health center in Turkey. The data of the study were collected using personal information form and the Orthorexia Nervosa Scale (ORTO-15). A linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the effects of socio-demographic variables and nutritional habits of women on the risk of orthorexia nervosa. Breast cancer patients had significantly lower ORTO-15 scores (i.e., a higher orthorexia risk) than the healthy controls. For the cancer patients, a regression analysis revealed that ORTO-15 scores were significantly associated with education level, organic food consumption status, receipt of social support for care, and presence of a chronic disease other than cancer. In the healthy controls, body mass index and education level were the primary predictors of ORTO-15 scores. The higher orthorexia risk of cancer patients has implications for these patients that could be improved through nutritional counseling. Level of Evidence: III, case-control study.

Aim: This cross-sectional study aims to examine the effect of individual innovativeness on critical thinking disposition in first and emergency aid program students. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted between September and October 2019 with first and emergency program students studied in the 2018-2019 academic year. The population of the study was composed of students enrolled in the first and emergency aid program at Kovancilar Vocational School of Elazig Firat University. No sampling method was used in the study by aiming to reach the entire population. As a result, 95% of the population was reached, whereby a total of 121 students included in the study. Data were collected using an introductory information form, the Individual Innovativeness Scale (IIS), and the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 package program and evaluated using percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent samples t-test, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis. Results: The students’ IIS and CCTDI mean scores were 68.4±9.5 and 260.2±29.9, respectively. The individual innovativeness level of the students affected their critical thinking disposition. A statistically significant difference was found between the students’ individual innovativeness according to gender, status of keeping up with current issues and field-related developments, and status of believing in the necessity of using technological devices in education (p 0.05). Conclusion: As the individual innovativeness level of first and emergency program students increased, their critical thinking disposition increased.

Aim: This research was conducted in order to determine intensive care nurses’ attitudes toward the “dying with dignity” principles and factors affecting.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at the Turgut Ozal Medical Center of Inonu University from June 2019 to July 2020. Nurses working in intensive care units constituted the population of the research. The research was without sampling choice, and was carried out with 204 nurses who agreed to participate in the research and fit the criteria. The “Personal Information Form” and the “Assessment Scale of Attitudes toward the Principles of Dying with Dignity” were used. Data were analyzed using weight, means, standard deviations, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis H tests.Results: It was found that the nurses’ “Assessment Scale of Attitudes toward the Principles of Dying with Dignity” score was 45.7±4.25. A negative relationship was found between age and the Assessment Scale of Attitudes toward the Principles of Dying with Dignity score (r:-.181, p0.05). Moreover, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference (p0.05) between the Assessment Scale of Attitudes toward the Principles of Dying with Dignity score and variables such as gender, education level, working time in the profession, knowledge about the concept of “dying with dignity,” and the desire to work in the intensive care unit.Conclusion: It was determined that the nurses’ attitudes toward the principles of dying with dignity were moderate, and various demographic variables had effects on Principles of Dying with Dignity.

This research was carried out to determine the evidence-based practice (EBP) competencies of nursing students studying in a university and the effective factors. This study is descriptive and cross-sectional of nursing students studying at Inonu University. In the research, a sample selection was not made, as the research aimed to reach the whole university. In the study, two data collection tools were used. A personal information form was developed by the researcher to determine the socio-demographic and academic achievement status of the students, as was a student evidence-based practice questionnaire (S-EBPQ). The data were collected from 15 September to 1 October 2018 by face-to-face interview technique. The mean score of the students in the S-EBPQ was found to be 83.75±10.02; the mean score obtained from the behavior subscale was found to be 48.87±7.54; the mean score obtained from the skill subscale was 19.70±3.67, and the mean score obtained from the knowledge subscale was 18.63±3.29. As a result of this study evaluating the EBP competencies of nursing students, the students knowledge, skills, and attitudes subscale, as well as their total average score, were found to be above average. [Med-Science 2019; 8(4.000): 957-62]

Aim: This study was planned to determine the stress levels experienced by nursing students during the nursing education and the associated factors. Material and methods: This descriptive study was conducted between February and April 2018. The population of the study consisted of the students of The University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Department. There were 1,200 students in the faculty of nursing. The sample consisted of 479 students with 0.05 error, at 0.95 confidence interval, 0.6 effect size and 0.95 of population representation power with power analysis. Participants used Introductory Questionnaire, Nursing Education Stress Scale. Results: According to the results of this study, it was determined that the nursing students experience high level of stress and their demographic characteristics were affected by their education stress and practical stress and academic stress subscale scores. Conclusion: It was also determined that stress scores of the students who preferred the nursing profession willingly or liked it while studying and found the profession prestigious were lower.

This study was planned and conducted for the purpose of examining the relationship between depression and loneliness in elderly people and the influencing factors. The study was a descriptive and correlational study and its population consisted of 17,080 older individuals aged sixty and over who were registered at six Family Healthcare Centers (FHCs) located in the provisional center of Malatya. The sample of the study comprised of 913 elderly people who were chosen from the elderly people registered at the FHCs first by cluster sampling and then by simple random sampling from the clusters in proportion to the population. The data was collected between April and June 2011 using a questionnaire developed by the investigators in line with the literature, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS). They had a mean score of 13.83 ± 7.4 from the GDS and 40.50 ± 12.1 from the ULS. A positive correlation was found between Geriatric Depression and loneliness (r=0.608, p